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Irani Shemirani M. Transcriptional markers classifying Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus induced sepsis in adults: A data-driven approach. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305920. [PMID: 38968271 PMCID: PMC11226107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition mainly caused by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Understanding the type of causative agent in the early stages is essential for precise antibiotic therapy. This study sought to identify a host gene set capable of distinguishing between sepsis induced by gram-negative bacteria; Escherichia coli and gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus in community-onset adult patients. In the present study, microarray expression information was used to apply the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) technique to select the predictive gene set for classifying sepsis induced by E. coli or S. aureus pathogens. We identified 25 predictive genes, including LILRA5 and TNFAIP6, which had previously been associated with sepsis in other research. Using these genes, we trained a logistic regression classifier to distinguish whether a sample contains an E. coli or S. aureus infection or belongs to a healthy control group, and subsequently assessed its performance. The classifier achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.96 for E. coli and 0.98 for S. aureus-induced sepsis, and perfect discrimination (AUC of 1) for healthy controls from the other conditions in a 10-fold cross-validation. The genes demonstrated an AUC of 0.75 in distinguishing between sepsis patients with E. coli and S. aureus pathogens. These findings were further confirmed in two distinct independent validation datasets which gave high prediction AUC ranging from 0.72-0.87 and 0.62 in distinguishing three groups of participants and two groups of patients respectively. These genes were significantly enriched in the immune system, cytokine signaling in immune system, innate immune system, and interferon signaling. Transcriptional patterns in blood can differentiate patients with E. coli-induced sepsis from those with S. aureus-induced sepsis. These diagnostic markers, upon validation in larger trials, may serve as a foundation for a reliable differential diagnostics assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Irani Shemirani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lagunas-Rangel FA. Naked mole-rat hyaluronan. Biochimie 2024; 220:58-66. [PMID: 38158036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Naked mole rats (NMRs) are renowned for their exceptional longevity and remarkable maintenance of health throughout their lifetime. Their subterranean lifestyle has led to adaptations that have resulted in elevated levels of a very high molecular weight hyaluronan in their tissues. Hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan, is a key component of the extracellular matrix, which plays a critical role in maintaining tissue structure and regulating cell signaling pathways. This phenomenon in NMRs is attributed to a higher processing and production capacity by some of their hyaluronan synthases, along with lower degradation by certain hyaluronidases. Furthermore, this adaptation indirectly confers several advantages to NMRs, such as the preservation of skin elasticity and youthful appearance, accelerated wound healing, protection against oxidative stress, and resistance to conditions such as cancer and arthritis, largely attributable to CD44 signaling and other intricate mechanisms. Thus, the main objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive study of the distinctive features of NMR hyaluronan, particularly emphasizing the currently known molecular mechanisms that contribute to its beneficial properties. Furthermore, this research delves into the potential applications of NMR hyaluronan in both cosmetic and therapeutic fields, as well as the challenges involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Chen H, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Chen Z, Zheng T. DKC1 aggravates gastric cancer cell migration and invasion through up-regulating the expression of TNFAIP6. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38376551 PMCID: PMC10879254 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one hackneyed malignancy tumor accompanied by high death rate. DKC1 has been discovered to serve as a facilitator in several cancers. Additionally, it was discovered from one study that DKC1 displayed higher expression in GC tissues than in the normal tissues. Nevertheless, its role and regulatory mechanism in GC is yet to be illustrated. In this study, it was proved that DKC1 expression was upregulated in GC tissues through GEPIA and UALCAN databases. Moreover, we discovered that DKC1 exhibited higher expression in GC cells. Functional experiments testified that DKC1 accelerated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in GC. Further investigation disclosed that the weakened cell proliferation, migration, and invasion stimulated by DKC1 knockdown can be reversed after TNFAIP6 overexpression. Lastly, through in vivo experiments, it was demonstrated that DKC1 strengthened tumor growth. In conclusion, our work uncovered that DKC1 aggravated GC cell migration and invasion through upregulating the expression of TNFAIP6. This discovery might highlight the function of DKC1 in GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Yancheng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Tingjin Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
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Poumay Y, Faway E. Human Epidermal Keratinocytes in Culture: A Story of Multiple Recipes for a Single Cell Type. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 36:215-224. [PMID: 37717566 PMCID: PMC10836957 DOI: 10.1159/000534137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For one half-century, cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes have opened new paths of research in skin biology and dermatology. Either performed with serum and feeder layer, in serum-free conditions, or in autocrine conditions, cells cultured as monolayers became research materials for basic science and dermatology, as well as a source for grafting, particularly to treat severely burned patients. More recently, tissue reconstruction at air-liquid interface has opened new perspectives for in vitro toxicology, studies of epidermal barrier, and modeling skin diseases. SUMMARY This review presents a brief retrospective of the emergence of keratinocyte-based culture techniques. It also presents opportunities and eventual problems that researchers might encounter when exploring the skin using such procedures. KEY MESSAGES While methodologies in tissue culture evolve, the multiplicity of procedures concomitantly increases, requiring to make some selective but difficult choice. Keeping tracks of technological evolution in epidermal cell culture should help choosing the adequate methodology for a specific investigation or innovating with new, more dedicated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Poumay
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Emilie Faway
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Investigations into the filaggrin null phenotype: showcasing the methodology for CRISPR/Cas9 editing of human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2023:S0022-202X(23)00165-3. [PMID: 36893939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the association between filaggrin (FLG) loss-of-function mutations and ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis disease onset was identified, filaggrins function has been under investigation. Intra-individual genomic predisposition, immunological confounders, and environmental interactions complicate the comparison between FLG genotypes and related causal effects. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated human FLG knockout (ΔFLG) N/TERT-2G keratinocytes. Filaggrin deficiency was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry of human epidermal equivalent (HEE) cultures. Next to (partial) loss of structural proteins (IVL, HRNR, KRT2, and TGM1), the stratum corneum was more dense and lacked the typical basket weave appearance. In addition, electrical impedance spectroscopy and transepidermal water loss analyses highlighted a compromised epidermal barrier in ΔFLG-HEEs. Correction of FLG reinstated the presence of keratohyalin granules in the stratum granulosum, filaggrin protein expression, and expression of aforementioned proteins. The beneficial effects on stratum corneum formation were reflected by normalization of EIS and TEWL. This study demonstrates the causal phenotypical and functional consequences of filaggrin deficiency, indicating filaggrin is not only central in epidermal barrier function but also vital for epidermal differentiation by orchestrating the expression of other important epidermal proteins. These observations pave the way to fundamental investigations into the exact role of filaggrin in skin biology and disease.
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Progneaux A, Evrard C, De Glas V, Fontaine A, Dotreppe C, De Vuyst E, Nikkels AF, García-González V, Dumoutier L, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y. Keratinocytes activated by IL-4/IL-13 express IL-2Rγ with consequences on epidermal barrier function. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:660-670. [PMID: 36645024 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a Th2-type inflammatory disease characterized by an alteration of epidermal barrier following the release of IL-4 and IL-13. These cytokines activate type II IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 receptors in the keratinocyte. Whilst IL-2Rγ, that forms type I receptor for IL-4, is only expressed in haematopoietic cells, recent studies suggest its induction in keratinocytes, which questions about its role. We studied expression of IL-2Rγ in keratinocytes and its role in alteration of keratinocyte function and epidermal barrier. IL-2Rγ expression in keratinocytes was studied using both reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) exposed to IL-4/IL-13 and AD skin. IL-2Rγ induction by type II receptor has been analyzed using JAK inhibitors and RHE knockout (KO) for IL13RA1. IL-2Rγ function was investigated in RHE KO for IL2RG. In RHE, IL-4/IL-13 induce expression of IL-2Rγ at the mRNA and protein levels. Its mRNA expression is also visualized in keratinocytes of lesional AD skin. IL-2Rγ expression is low in RHE treated with JAK inhibitors and absent in RHE KO for IL13RA1. Exposure to IL-4/IL-13 alters epidermal barrier, but this alteration is absent in RHE KO for IL2RG. A more important induction of IL-13Rα2 is reported in RHE KO for IL2RG than in not edited RHE. These results demonstrate IL-2Rγ induction in keratinocytes through activation of type II receptor. IL-2Rγ is involved in the alteration of the epidermal barrier and in the regulation of IL-13Rα2 expression. Observation of IL-2Rγ expression by keratinocytes inside AD lesional skin suggests a role for this receptor subunit in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Progneaux
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Céline Evrard
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie De Glas
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Alix Fontaine
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Céline Dotreppe
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Evelyne De Vuyst
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Arjen F Nikkels
- Department of Dermatology, CHU of Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Laure Dumoutier
- Experimental Medicine Unit, De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Lambert de Rouvroit
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Yves Poumay
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Anatolou D, Dovrolis N, Ragia G, Kolios G, Manolopoulos VG. Unpacking COVID-19 Systems Biology in Lung and Whole Blood with Transcriptomics and miRNA Regulators. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:608-621. [PMID: 36269619 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a systemic disease affecting tissues and organs, including and beyond the lung. Apart from the current pandemic context, we also have vastly inadequate knowledge of consequences of repeated exposures to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the virus causing COVID-19, in multiple organ systems and the whole organism scales when the disease evolves from a pandemic to an endemic state. This calls for a systems biology and systems medicine approach and unpacking the effects of COVID-19 in lung as well as other tissues. We report here original findings from transcriptomics analyses and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lung samples from 60 patients and 27 healthy controls, and in whole blood samples from 255 patients and 103 healthy individuals. A total of 11 datasets with RNA-seq transcriptomic data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and the European Nucleotide Archive. The identified DEGs were used to construct protein interaction and functional networks and to identify related pathways and miRNAs. We found 35 DEGs common between lung and the whole blood, and importantly, 2 novel genes, namely CYP1B1 and TNFAIP6, which have not been previously implicated with COVID-19. We also identified four novel miRNA potential regulators, hsa-mir-192-5p, hsa-mir-221-3p, hsa-mir-4756-3p, and hsa-mir-10a-5p, implicated in lung or other diseases induced by coronaviruses. In summary, these findings offer new molecular leads and insights to unpack COVID-19 systems biology in a whole organism context and might inform future antiviral drug, diagnostics, and vaccine discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Anatolou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Ragia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vangelis G Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Academic General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Smits JP, Meesters LD, Maste BG, Zhou H, Zeeuwen PL, van den Bogaard EH. CRISPR-Cas9 based genomic engineering in keratinocytes: from technology to application. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 2:100082. [PMID: 35146483 PMCID: PMC8819031 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jos P.H. Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca D. Meesters
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Berber G.W. Maste
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L.J.M. Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H. van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: Ellen H. van den Bogaard, Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Rene Descartesdreef 1, Nijmegen 6525 GL, The Netherlands.
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Evrard C, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y. Epidermal Hyaluronan in Barrier Alteration-Related Disease. Cells 2021; 10:3096. [PMID: 34831319 PMCID: PMC8618819 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In skin, although the extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly developed in dermis and hypodermis, discrete intercellular spaces between cells of the living epidermal layers are also filled with ECM components. Herein, we review knowledge about structure, localization and role of epidermal hyaluronan (HA), a key ECM molecule. HA is a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan non-covalently bound to proteins or lipids. Components of the basal lamina maintain some segregation between the epidermis and the underlying dermis, and all epidermal HA is locally synthesized and degraded. Functions of HA in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation are still controversial. However, through interactions with partners, such as the TSG-6 protein, HA is involved in the formation, organization and stabilization of the epidermal ECM. In addition, epidermal HA is involved in the formation of an efficient epidermal barrier made of cornified keratinocytes. In atopic dermatitis (AD) with profuse alterations of the epidermal barrier, HA is produced in larger amounts by keratinocytes than in normal skin. Epidermal HA inside AD lesional skin is located in enlarged intercellular spaces, likely as the result of disease-related modifications of HA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yves Poumay
- Research Unit for Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), Department of Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (C.E.); (C.L.d.R.)
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