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Wu Y, Liu Y, Feng Y, Li X, Lu Z, Gu H, Li W, Hill LJ, Ou S. Evolution of therapeutic strategy based on oxidant-antioxidant balance for fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Ocul Surf 2024; 34:247-261. [PMID: 39111696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) stands as the most prevalent primary corneal endothelial dystrophy worldwide, posing a significant risk to corneal homeostasis and clarity. Corneal endothelial cells exhibit susceptibility to oxidative stress, suggesting a nuanced relationship between oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and FECD pathogenesis, irrespective of FECD genotype. Given the constrained availability of corneal transplants, exploration into non-surgical interventions becomes crucial. This encompasses traditional antioxidants, small molecule compounds, biologics, and diverse non-drug therapies, such as gene-related therapy, hydrogen therapy and near infrared light therapy. This review concentrates on elucidating the mechanisms behind oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and the evolution of strategies to restore oxidant-antioxidant balance in FECD. It provides a comprehensive overview of both conventional and emerging therapeutic approaches, offering valuable insights for the advancement of non-surgical treatment modalities. The findings herein might establish a robust foundation for future research and the therapeutic strategy of FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yuchong Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Lu
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, Department of Microbes, Infections and Microbiomes, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Wei Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Lisa J Hill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Shangkun Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
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Salman M, Verma A, Chaurasia S, Prasad D, Kannabiran C, Singh V, Ramappa M. Identification and in silico analysis of a spectrum of SLC4A11 variations in Indian familial and sporadic cases of congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:361. [PMID: 36115991 PMCID: PMC9482203 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) is a rare form of corneal dystrophy caused by SLC4A11 gene variations. This study aims to find the genetic alterations in SLC4A11, in two Indian familial CHED cases with affected members n = 3 and n = 2 respectively and five sporadic CHED cases using direct sequencing, followed by in silico analysis and characterization of the identified variants.
Results
All three affected members of the first CHED family were identified with a novel homozygous c.1514C > G (p.Ser489Trp) variation while second family showed presence of a compound heterozygous variation c.529A > C (p.Arg161Arg) + c.2461insT (p.Val805fs). Among five sporadic cases, two showed novel changes, homozygous c.1487G > T (p.Ser480Ile) and c.620-2A > G, while the other one had previously reported homozygous c.2653C > T (p.Arg869Cys) variation. The remaining two cases did not reveal the presence of SLC4A11-related pathogenic variations. The identified variations were excluded from the Indian control (n = 80). In silico analysis using homology-based protein modeling and pathogenicity prediction tools, which revealed these alterations as pathogenic, changing their protein stability, local flexibility, residue contact clashes, and the hydrogen bond interactions.
Conclusions
This study contributed to the CHED mutational spectrum, adding four novel variations and confirming a previously reported one. It demonstrates different type of variations in CHED cases, including coding, non-coding, homozygous, synonymous, and compound heterozygous variations. The identified variations revealed different degrees of pathogenic effects in silico. Moreover, two sporadic cases could not be identified with pathogenic variation emphasizing the involvement of other genes or genetic mechanisms.
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Shyam R, Ogando DG, Bonanno JA. Mitochondrial ROS in Slc4a11 KO Corneal Endothelial Cells Lead to ER Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:878395. [PMID: 35557943 PMCID: PMC9086159 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.878395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies from Slc4a11 -/- mice have identified glutamine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as a significant contributor toward oxidative stress, impaired lysosomal function, aberrant autophagy, and cell death in this Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy (CHED) model. Because lysosomes are derived from endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi, we asked whether ER function is affected by mitochondrial ROS in Slc4a11 KO corneal endothelial cells. In mouse Slc4a11 -/- corneal endothelial tissue, we observed the presence of dilated ER and elevated expression of ER stress markers BIP and CHOP. Slc4a11 KO mouse corneal endothelial cells incubated with glutamine showed increased aggresome formation, BIP and GADD153, as well as reduced ER Ca2+ release as compared to WT. Induction of mitoROS by ETC inhibition also led to ER stress in WT cells. Treatment with the mitochondrial ROS quencher MitoQ, restored ER Ca2+ release and relieved ER stress markers in Slc4a11 KO cells in vitro. Systemic MitoQ also reduced BIP expression in Slc4a11 KO endothelium. We conclude that mitochondrial ROS can induce ER stress in corneal endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalekshmy Shyam
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Bonanno JA, Shyam R, Choi M, Ogando DG. The H + Transporter SLC4A11: Roles in Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Uncoupling. Cells 2022; 11:197. [PMID: 35053313 PMCID: PMC8773465 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute-linked cotransporter, SLC4A11, a member of the bicarbonate transporter family, is an electrogenic H+ transporter activated by NH3 and alkaline pH. Although SLC4A11 does not transport bicarbonate, it shares many properties with other members of the SLC4 family. SLC4A11 mutations can lead to corneal endothelial dystrophy and hearing deficits that are recapitulated in SLC4A11 knock-out mice. SLC4A11, at the inner mitochondrial membrane, facilitates glutamine catabolism and suppresses the production of mitochondrial superoxide by providing ammonia-sensitive H+ uncoupling that reduces glutamine-driven mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in SLC4A11 KO also triggers dysfunctional autophagy and lysosomes, as well as ER stress. SLC4A11 expression is induced by oxidative stress through the transcription factor NRF2, the master regulator of antioxidant genes. Outside of the corneal endothelium, SLC4A11's function has been demonstrated in cochlear fibrocytes, salivary glands, and kidneys, but is largely unexplored overall. Increased SLC4A11 expression is a component of some "glutamine-addicted" cancers, and is possibly linked to cells and tissues that rely on glutamine catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Bonanno
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (R.S.); (M.C.).; (D.G.O.)
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