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Sarmah P, Konwar P, Saikia J, Borah T, Verma JS, Banik D. Screening of potent inhibitor from Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. against arachidonic inflammatory enzymes: an insight from molecular docking, ADMET, molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37885259 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2271977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The three primary enzymes COX (cyclooxygenase), LOX (lipoxygenase) and CYT-P450 (cytochrome P450), which are part of the arachidonic inflammatory pathway, play crucial role in the development of asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular diseases. Ethnomedicinally, plant-derived chemicals have a major role in the treatment of fatal illnesses. Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. widely known as agarwood is prized for its fragrance and therapeutic properties. The phytochemicals and extracts of this plant have significant healing properties in the treatment of serious illnesses. In the current work, an in-silico approach including molecular docking, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity), molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) was performed to screen 33 bioactive compounds from this plant against COX-2 and 5-LOX in order to find the most effective inhibitor. 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone was found to inhibit both 5-LOX and COX-2, showing the highest binding affinities (-9.1 kcal/mol and -9.0 kcal/mol, respectively) than standard Ibuprofen and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone showed the highest drug-likeness score and low risk of toxicity compared to other phytochemicals. MD modeling and MM-PBSA calculations showed that 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone had a strong persistent binding interaction with 5-LOX than COX-2, and this interaction is comparable to the bounded standards Ibuprofen and NDGA. From this study, we may infer that the 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone can serve as a potent inhibitor and has scope to be employed in the treatment of inflammatory ailments.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Sarmah
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Parthapratim Konwar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jadumoni Saikia
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Twinkle Borah
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Verma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Engineering Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Dipanwita Banik
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Ghimire B, Pour SK, Middleton E, Campbell RA, Nies MA, Aghazadeh-Habashi A. Renin-Angiotensin System Components and Arachidonic Acid Metabolites as Biomarkers of COVID-19. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2118. [PMID: 37626615 PMCID: PMC10452267 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the ACE2, a main enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), SARS-CoV-2 gains access into the cell, resulting in different complications which may extend beyond the RAS and impact the Arachidonic Acid (ArA) pathway. The contribution of the RAS through ArA pathways metabolites in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is unknown. We investigated whether RAS components and ArA metabolites can be considered biomarkers of COVID-19. We measured the plasma levels of RAS and ArA metabolites using an LC-MS/MS. Results indicate that Ang 1-7 levels were significantly lower, whereas Ang II levels were higher in the COVID-19 patients than in healthy control individuals. The ratio of Ang 1-7/Ang II as an indicator of the RAS classical and protective arms balance was dramatically lower in COVID-19 patients. There was no significant increase in inflammatory 19-HETE and 20-HETE levels. The concentration of EETs was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients, whereas the DHETs concentration was repressed. Their plasma levels were correlated with Ang II concentration in COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, evaluating the RAS and ArA pathway biomarkers could provide helpful information for the early detection of high-risk groups, avoid delayed medical attention, facilitate resource allocation, and improve patient clinical outcomes to prevent long COVID incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwash Ghimire
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (B.G.)
| | - Sana Khajeh Pour
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (B.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Middleton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division ofHematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mary A. Nies
- College of Health, School of Nursing, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
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Abdallah YEH, Chahal S, Jamali F, Mahmoud SH. Drug-disease interaction: Clinical consequences of inflammation on drugs action and disposition. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2023; 26:11137. [PMID: 36942294 PMCID: PMC9990632 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2023.11137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a culprit in many conditions affecting millions of people worldwide. A plethora of studies has revealed that inflammation and inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines are associated with altered expression and activity of various proteins such as those involved in drug metabolism, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). Emphasis of most available reports is on the inflammation-induced downregulation of CYPs, subsequently an increase in their substrate concentrations, and the link between the condition and the inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. However, reports also suggest that inflammation influences expression and/or activity of other proteins such as those involved in the drug-receptor interaction. These multifaced involvements render the clinical consequence of the inflammation unexpected. Such changes are shown in many inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, acute respiratory illnesses as well as natural processes such as aging, among others. For example, some commonly used cardiovascular drugs lose their efficacy when patients get afflicted with inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Interestingly, this is despite increased concentration subsequent to reduced clearance. The observation is attributed to a simultaneous reduction in the expression of target receptor proteins such as the calcium and potassium channel and β-adrenergic receptor as well as the metabolic enzymes. This narrative review summarizes the current understanding and clinical implications of the inflammatory effects on both CYPs and drug-receptor target proteins.
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Bone-Targeted Delivery of Novokinin as an Alternative Treatment Option for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081681. [PMID: 36015308 PMCID: PMC9416659 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory bone destructive disorder that is orchestrated by multiple systems in the body, including Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) and arachidonic acid (ArA) pathway. Current therapeutic options are not highly effective and are associated with severe side effects, including cardiovascular complications. Therefore, new safe and effective disease modulators are seriously needed. In this study, we investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a synthetic peptide, novokinin, through Angiotensin Type (II) receptor (AT2R). Peptide drugs like novokinin suffer from plasma instability and short half-life. Thus, we developed a novel bone targeting novokinin conjugate (Novo Conj). It uses the bone as a reservoir for sustained release and protection from systemic degradation, improving stability and enhancing pharmacological efficacy. We tested Novo Conj’s anti-inflammatory effects in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model to prove our hypothesis by measuring various RAS and ArA pathway components. We observed that inflammation causes a significant imbalance in cardioprotective RAS components like ACE2, AT2R, and Ang 1-7 and increases the ArA inflammatory metabolites like hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Treatment with novokinin or Novo Conj restores balance in the RAS and favors the production of different epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are anti-inflammatory mediators. This study demonstrated that the bone-targeted delivery improved the stability and enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of the parent peptide novokinin in AIA. These observations offer an efficacious alternative therapy for managing RA.
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Khan H, Sharma K, Kumar A, Kaur A, Singh TG. Therapeutic implications of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors in ischemic injury. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:277-292. [PMID: 35175358 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the inexplicable aggravation of cellular dysfunction that results in blood flow restoration to previously ischemic tissues. COX mediates the oxidative conversion of AA to various prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In the pathophysiology of I/R injuries, COX has been found to play an important role. I/R injuries affect most vital organs and are characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, and apoptosis, leading to morbidity and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the Nature and mechanistic interventions of the Cyclooxygenase modulations in ischemic injury. Here, we have discussed the COX Physiology and downstream signalling pathways modulated by COX, e.g., Camp Pathway, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Activity, NF-kB Signalling, PI3K/Akt Signalling in ischemic injury. CONCLUSION This review will discuss the various COX types, specifically COX-1 and COX-2, which are involved in developing I/R injury in organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, kidney, liver, and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Kunal Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Yao X. Increased Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids and Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids After Treatment of Iodide Intake Adjustment and 1,25-Dihydroxy-Vitamin D 3 Supplementation in High Iodide Intake-Induced Hypothyroid Offspring Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:669652. [PMID: 34381374 PMCID: PMC8352438 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential role of fatty acids in high iodide intake-induced hypothyroidism and its complications and also in the intervention of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] supplementation. Methods: Pregnant rats were allocated to two groups, namely, normal iodide (NI, 7.5 μg/day) intake and 100 times higher-than-normal iodide (100 HI, 750 μg/day) intake. The offspring were continuously administered potassium iodide from weaning [i.e., postnatal day 21 (PN21)] to PN90. After PN90, the offspring were either administered iodide intake adjustment (7.5 μg/day) or 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation (5 μg·kg-1·day-1), or both, for 4 weeks. Thyroid function tests (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and thyroglobulin antibody), blood lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, free fatty acid, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and vitamin D3 (VD3) levels were detected by ELISA. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. Blood pressure was measured using a non-invasive tail-cuff system. The serum fatty acids profile was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: In the offspring rats with continued 100 HI administration, the levels of 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (8,9-DHET) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were decreased, while those of prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), prostaglandin B2 (PGB2), 4-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (4-HDoHE), 7-HDoHE, 8-HDoHE, and 20-HDoHE were increased. Significant correlations were found between PGB2, 8,9-DHET, 7-HDoHE levels and thyroid dysfunction, between PGJ2, 20-HDoHE, PGB2, 8,9-DHET levels and cardiac dysfunction, between PGJ2, 20-HDoHE levels and hypertension, between 4-HDoHE, 8-HDoHE, TXB2 levels and dyslipidemia, and between PGB2 and decreased VD3 level. After the treatment of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, the levels of 16-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (16-HETE), 18-HETE, 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET), 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-EET, PGE2, 5-oxo-ETE, and 15-oxo-ETE were increased. The significant associations between PGE2, 16-HETE, 18-HETE and improved thyroid function and also between 5,6-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-EET, 16-HETE, 15-oxo-ETE and attenuated dyslipidemia were detected. Conclusion: Increased levels of prostaglandins (PGs) and HDoHEs and decreased levels of 8,9-DHET and TXB2 might occur in the progression of cardiac dysfunction, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in high iodide intake-induced hypothyroidism. The increased levels of EETs and HETEs might help to ameliorate these complications after iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Ren XL, Han P, Meng Y. Aflatoxin B1-Induced COX-2 Expression Promotes Mitophagy and Contributes to Lipid Accumulation in Hepatocytes In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:594-604. [PMID: 32687719 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820939081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is hepatotoxic. Numerous studies have shown that mitochondria play an essential role in AFB1-induced steatosis. However, the mechanisms of AFB1-induced steatosis via mitochondria are still obscure. The present study aimed to confirm that AFB1 causes hepatocyte steatosis regulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-induced mitophagy, both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group with the same volume of peanut oil and exposure group administered 0.6 mg/kg AFB1 once in 2 days for 1 month. HepG2 and Cas9-PTGS2 cells were treated with 5 μM AFB1 for 48 hours. Then, various indicators were evaluated. RESULTS Aflatoxin B1 causes liver injury and steatosis with increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, total triglyceride levels in vivo and in vitro, and elevated lipid droplets in HepG2 cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 and mitophagy pathway were induced by AFB1 in both liver tissues and cultured HepG2 cells. Further studies have shown that knockout of COX-2 with the CRISPR/Cas9 system inhibited the AFB1-induced mitophagy and steatosis in HepG2 cells. Also, the inhibition of PTEN-induced putative kinase with RNA interference attenuated the AFB1-induced steatosis. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggested that AFB1 increases the expression of COX-2, which, in turn, elevates the level of mitophagy, thereby disrupting the normal mitochondrial lipid metabolism and causing steatosis. Thus, this study implies that COX-2 may be a potential target for therapy against AFB1-induced steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lu Ren
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peiyu Han
- Wuxi School of Medicine, 66374Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiteng Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Li L, Liu T, Liu L, Zhang Z, Li S, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Liu F. Metabolomics Analysis of the Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:257-268. [PMID: 32472432 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of hydrogen-rich water on myocardial tissue metabolism in a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) rat model. Twelve rats were randomly divided into a hydrogen-rich water group and a control group of size 6 each. After the heart was removed, it was fixed in the Langendorff device, and the heart was perfused with 37 °C perfusion solution pre-balanced with oxygen. The control group was perfused with Kreb's-Ringers (K-R) solution, and the hydrogen-rich water group was perfused with K-R solution + hydrogen-rich water. Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis platform was used for metabolomics research. Principle component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), Variable importance in projection (VIP) value of OPLS-DA model (threshold value ≥1) were employed with independent sample T Test (p < 0.05) to find differentially expressed metabolites, and screen for differential metabolic pathways. VIP (OPLS-DA) analysis was performed with T test, and the metabolites of the control group and the hydrogen-rich water group were significantly different, and the glycerophospholipid metabolism was screened. Seven myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI)-related signaling pathways were identified, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored biosynthesis, and purine metabolism, as well as 10 biomarkers such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. Hydrogen-rich water regulates the metabolic imbalance that could change MIRI myocardial tissue metabolism, and alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated hearts of rats through multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangtong Li
- Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Shaochun Li
- Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Baoding First Center Hospital, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Fulin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
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Al-Lawati H, Vakili MR, Lavasanifar A, Ahmed S, Jamali F. Reduced Heart Exposure of Diclofenac by Its Polymeric Micellar Formulation Normalizes CYP-Mediated Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid Imbalance in An Adjuvant Arthritis Rat Model: Implications in Reduced Cardiovascular Side Effects of Diclofenac by Nanodrug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1377-1386. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Lawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Vakili
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Surur Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Fakhreddin Jamali
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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Pyrikova NV, Antropova ON, Osipova IV. Adverse Reactions of the Cardiovascular System when Taking Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Ways to Reduce Them. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-5-750-758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important issue of modern pharmacotherapy is not only efficacy, but also the safety of medicines. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is one of the main methods of treating acute and chronic pain in a wide range of diseases and pathological conditions. However, the prescription of this group of drugs requires consideration of the potential risks of complications, including from the side of the cardiovascular system. The purpose of the review was to assess the adverse reactions of the cardiovascular system when taking NSAIDs and approaches to their reduction. The article presents data on the mutual potential impact of cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal system, presents the results of large-scale studies of Russian and foreign authors and meta-analyzes of the NSAIDs effect on blood pressure profile, development of myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the side effects of NSAIDs are reviewed; the complexity of managing comorbid patients is demonstrated; it is shown that symptomatic treatment of pain and inflammatory syndrome should be carried out considering a personalized approach to the patient and rational choice of drugs.Before the NSAIDs prescription, it is necessary to consider all cardiovascular risk factors with the determination of the total risk of cardiovascular complications. In patients with a very high cardiovascular risk, the use of any NSAIDs should be avoided; with high and moderate risk, the use of NSAIDs with the most favorable cardiovascular safety profile is possible. If the patient belongs to the category of low total coronary risk, the doctor can choose any NSAIDs.
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Li Y, Meng Q, Yang M, Liu D, Hou X, Tang L, Wang X, Lyu Y, Chen X, Liu K, Yu AM, Zuo Z, Bi H. Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1113-1144. [PMID: 31867160 PMCID: PMC6900561 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development and precision medication. In this review we provided an overview of recent research on PK with focus on the following aspects: (1) an update on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the determination of PK, as well as advances in xenobiotic receptors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the modulation of PK, providing new understanding of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that result in inter-individual variations in pharmacotherapy; (2) current status and trends in assessing drug-drug interactions, especially interactions between drugs and herbs, between drugs and therapeutic biologics, and microbiota-mediated interactions; (3) advances in understanding the effects of diseases on PK, particularly changes in metabolizing enzymes and transporters with disease progression; (4) trends in mathematical modeling including physiologically-based PK modeling and novel animal models such as CRISPR/Cas9-based animal models for DMPK studies; (5) emerging non-classical xenobiotic metabolic pathways and the involvement of novel metabolic enzymes, especially non-P450s. Existing challenges and perspectives on future directions are discussed, and may stimulate the development of new research models, technologies, and strategies towards the development of better drugs and improved clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mengbi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanfeng Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Zhang FF, Lv C, Yang LY, Wang SP, Zhang M, Guo XW. Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine in elderly patients receiving fascia iliaca compartment block. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2648-2652. [PMID: 31572513 PMCID: PMC6755487 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Local anesthetic of ropivacaine was demonstrated to reduce the postoperative pain in elderly patients. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine at different concentrations in elderly patients subjected to fascia iliaca compartment block. Forty patients with femoral neck fracture at American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II status, undergoing fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) were randomized to two groups receiving 0.7 ml/kg of solution containing 0.375% ropivacaine (group L) or 0.5% ropivacaine (group H). Samples of venous blood were obtained immediately at different time points after FICB, and the total and free plasma concentrations of ropivacaine were measured by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Statistical analysis was carried out using a pharmacokinetic calculation program (DAS 3.0). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were significantly decreased after FICB in both groups, and VAS score in group H was lower compared with group L. The total maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the free Cmax of ropivacaine in group H was higher than that in group L (P<0.05). The decrease of the total and free plasma concentration was operation time-dependent. Neither group showed signs of central nervous system and circulatory system toxicity. On the basis of these results, the concentrations of 0.375 and 0.5% ropivacaine held an efficiently analgesic effect for FICB, suggesting that ropivacaine can be employed in analgesic therapy. However, both concentrations have a potentially theoretical risk of local anesthetics poisoning, suggesting that a lower concentration may be a safer option for a single large volume of FICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Ying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wen Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Al-Lawati H, Vakili MR, Lavasanifar A, Ahmed S, Jamali F. Delivery and Biodistribution of Traceable Polymeric Micellar Diclofenac in the Rat. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2698-2707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Dose-dependency of the cardiovascular risks of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:903-910. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Jarrar YB, Jarrar Q, abed A, Abu-Shalhoob M. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the expression of arachidonic acid-metabolizing Cyp450 genes in mouse hearts, kidneys and livers. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 141:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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Smith C, Swart A. Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) - a functional food targeting cardiovascular disease. Food Funct 2019; 9:5041-5058. [PMID: 30183052 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing consumer bias toward natural products and the considerable wealth of indigenous knowledge has precipitated an upturn in market-driven research into potentially beneficial medicinal plants. In this context, Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) has been identified to be a promising candidate which may impact cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is one of the most widely studied chronic diseases of modern times. Despite these efforts, ischemic heart disease remains the number one cause of mortality globally. Apart from genetic predisposition and other aetiological mechanisms specific to particular types of CVD, co-factors from interlinked systems contribute significantly to disease development and the severity of its clinical manifestation. The bioactivity of Rooibos is directed towards multiple therapeutic targets. Experimental data to date include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, as well as modulatory effects in terms of the immune system, adrenal steroidogenesis and lipid metabolism. This review integrates relevant literature on the therapeutic potential of Rooibos in the context of CVD, which is currently the most common of non-communicable diseases. The therapeutic value of whole plant extracts versus isolated active ingredients are addressed, together with the potential for overdose or herb-drug interaction. The body of research undertaken to date clearly underlines the benefits of Rooibos as both preventative and complementary therapeutic functional food in the context of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Smith
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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17
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Halade GV, Kain V, Wright GM, Jadapalli JK. Subacute treatment of carprofen facilitate splenocardiac resolution deficit in cardiac injury. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1173-1186. [PMID: 30145840 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0618-223r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-limiting nonsteroidal pain relievers magnify myocardial infarction (MI) incidences and increase re-admission events in heart failure (HF) patients. However, the molecular and cellular mechanism of this provocative adverse effect is unclear. Our goal was to determine whether carprofen (CAP) impedes splenic leukocyte-directed acute inflammation-resolving response in cardiac injury. After subacute CAP treatment, mice were subjected to permanent coronary ligation maintaining MI- and naïve-controls. Spleen and left ventricle (LV) leukocytes were quantitated using flow cytometry pre- and 24 h post-MI. The inflammation resolution mediators were quantified using mass spectrometry while splenocardiac apoptosis and leukocyte phagocytosis were measured by immunofluorescence and ImageStream, respectively. Subacute CAP treatment promoted strain and cardiac dysfunction before MI and coronary occlusion showed signs of acute HF in CAP and MI-controls. Subacute CAP-injected mice had pre-activated splenic neutrophils, an over activated "don't eat me" signal (CD47) with reduced total Mϕs (F4/80+ ) and reparative Mϕs (F4/80/Ly6Clo /CD206) compared with control in LV and spleen. Post-MI, CAP pre-activated neutrophils (Ly6G+ ) were intensified and reduced reparative neutrophils (Ly6G+ /CD206+ ) and Mϕs (F4/80/Ly6Clo ) in LV was indicative of non-resolving inflammation compared with MI-control. Subacute CAP treatment deferred neutrophil phagocytosis functions in the spleen and LV and was more evident post-MI compared with MI-control. CAP pre-activated splenic neutrophils that tailored the Mϕ phagocytosis thereby increased splenocardiac leukocyte death. CAP over amplified COX-1 and COX-2 compared with MI-control and failed to limit prostaglandins and thromboxane in post-MI setting. Further, CAP reduced cardiac-protective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and over amplified pyrogenic inflammatory cytokines and reduced reparative cytokines, thereby non-resolving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Griffin M Wright
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeevan Kumar Jadapalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated priming of toll-like receptor 4 enhances oxidant-induced prostaglandin E 2 biosynthesis in primary murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 54:226-237. [PMID: 29161659 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Agonists and pseudo-agonists for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are common in our environment. Thus, human exposure to these agents may result in "priming or sensitization" of TLR4. A body of evidence suggests that LPS-mediated sensitization of TLR4 can increase the magnitude of responses to exogenous agents in multiple tissues. We have previously shown that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) stimulate TLR4. There is no evidence that LPS-primed TLR4 can influence the magnitude of responses to oxidants from either endogenous or exogenous sources. In the present study, we directly tested the hypothesis that LPS-primed TLR4 will sensitize primary murine peritoneal macrophages (pM) to oxidant-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. We used potassium peroxychromate (PPC) and potassium peroxynitrite (PPN) as direct in vitro sources of exogenous RONS. Our results showed that a direct treatment with PPC or PPN alone as sources of exogenous oxidants had a limited effect on PGE2 biosynthesis. In contrast, pM sensitized by prior incubation with LPS-EK, a TLR4-specific agonist, followed by oxidant stimulation exhibited increased transcriptional and translational expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with enhanced PGE2 biosynthesis/production only in pM derived from TLR4-WT mice but not in TLR4-KO mice. Thus, we have shown a critical role for LPS-primed TLR4 in oxidant-induced inflammatory phenotypes that have the potential to initiate, propagate and maintain many human diseases.
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