1
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Wang L, Ding Z, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Wu H, Wei Q, Gao L, Han J. The Development of an Oral Solution Containing Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir and Assessment of Its Pharmacokinetics and Stability. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:109. [PMID: 38258119 PMCID: PMC10818454 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Paxlovid®, a co-packaged medication comprised of separate tablets containing two active ingredients, nirmatrelvir (NRV) and ritonavir (RTV), exhibits good effectiveness against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the size of the NRV/RTV tablets makes them difficult for some patients to swallow, especially the elderly and those with dysphagia. Therefore, an oral liquid formulation that can overcome this shortcoming and improve patient compliance is required. In this study, we developed a liquid formulation containing NRV and RTV by adopting strategies that used co-solvents and surfactants to enhance the solubility and inhibit possible recrystallization. The in vitro release results showed that NRV and RTV could be maintained at high concentrations in solution for a certain period in the investigated media. In vivo studies in rats showed that the oral bioavailability of NRV/RTV solution was significantly enhanced. Compared to Paxlovid® tablets, the AUC(0-t) of NRV and RTV increased by 6.1 and 3.8 times, respectively, while the Cmax increased by 5.5 times for both. Furthermore, the promoting effect of the absorption of RTV on the bioavailability of NRV was confirmed. Experiments with a beagle showed a similar trend. Stability studies were also conducted at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C for 90 days, indicating that the oral liquid formulation was physically and chemically stable. This study can be used as a valuable resource for developing and applying oral liquid NRV/RTV formulations in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Hengqian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Qipeng Wei
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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2
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Chiang CW, Tang S, Mao C, Chen Y. Effect of Buffer pH and Concentration on the Dissolution Rates of Sodium Indomethacin-Copovidone and Indomethacin-Copovidone Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6451-6462. [PMID: 37917181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of counterions into amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) has been proven to be effective for improving the dissolution rates of ionizable drugs in ASDs. In this work, the effect of dissolution buffer pH and concentration on the dissolution rate of indomethacin-copovidone 40:60 (IMC-PVPVA, w/w) ASD with or without incorporated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was studied by surface area-normalized dissolution to provide further mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon. Buffer pH from 4.7 to 7.2 and concentration from 20 to 100 mM at pH 5.5 were investigated. As the buffer pH decreased, the IMC dissolution rate from both ASDs decreased. Compared to IMC-PVPVA ASD, the dissolution rate decrease from IMCNa-PVPVA ASD was more resistant to the decrease of buffer pH. In contrast, while buffer concentration had a negligible impact on the IMC dissolution rate from IMC-PVPVA ASD, the increase of buffer concentration significantly reduced the IMC dissolution rate from IMCNa-PVPVA ASD. Surrogate evaluation of microenvironment pH modification by the dissolution of IMCNa-PVPVA ASD demonstrated the successful elevation of buffer microenvironment pH and the suppression of such pH elevation by the increase of buffer concentration. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the dissolution rate enhancement by the incorporation of counterions originates from the enhanced drug solubility by ionization and the modification of diffusion layer pH in favor of drug dissolution. At the studied drug loading (∼40%), relatively congruent release between IMC and PVPVA was observed when IMC was ionized in ASD or in solution, highlighting the importance of studying the ionization effect on the congruent release of ASDs, especially when drug ionization is expected in vivo. Overall, this work further supports the application of incorporating counterions into ASDs for improving the dissolution rates of ionizable drugs when enabling formulation development is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng W Chiang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shijia Tang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chen Mao
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yinshan Chen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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3
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Zhang J, Yang Z, Luo L, Li K, Zi T, Ren J, Pan L, Wang Z, Wang Z, Liu M, Zeng Z. Impact of Poloxamer on Crystal Nucleation and Growth of Amorphous Clotrimazole. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2164. [PMID: 37631378 PMCID: PMC10460058 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactants have been widely used as effective additives to increase the solubility and dissolution rates of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). However, they may also generate adverse effects on the physical stability of ASDs. In this study, we systematically investigated the impacts of poloxamer, a frequently used surfactant, on the crystallization of amorphous clotrimazole (CMZ). The added poloxamer significantly decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of CMZ and accelerated the growth of Form 1 and Form 2 crystals. It was found that the poloxamer had an accelerating effect on Form 1 and Form 2 but showed a larger accelerating effect on Form 1, which resulted from a combined effect of increased mobility and local phase separation at the crystal-liquid interface. Additionally, the added poloxamer exhibited different effects on nucleation of the CMZ polymorphs, which was more complicated than crystal growth. The nucleation rate of Form 1 was significantly increased by the added poloxamer, and the effect increased with increasing P407 content. However, for Form 2, nucleation was slightly decreased or unchanged. The nucleation of Form 2 may have been influenced by the Form 1 crystallization, and Form 2 converted to Form 1 during nucleation. This study increases our understanding of poloxamer and its impacts on the melt crystallization of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Minzhuo Liu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China; (J.Z.)
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China; (J.Z.)
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4
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Thompson SA, Gala U, Davis DA, Kucera S, Miller D, Williams RO. Can the Oral Bioavailability of the Discontinued Prostate Cancer Drug Galeterone Be Improved by Processing Method? KinetiSol® Outperforms Spray Drying in a Head-to-head Comparison. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:137. [PMID: 37344629 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Galeterone, a novel prostate cancer candidate treatment, was discontinued after a Phase III clinical trial due to lack of efficacy. Galeterone is weakly basic and exhibits low solubility in biorelevant media (i.e., ~ 2 µg/mL in fasted simulated intestinal fluid). It was formulated as a 50-50 (w/w) galeterone-hypromellose acetate succinate spray-dried dispersion to increase its bioavailability. Despite this increase, the bioavailability of this formulation may have been insufficient and contributed to its clinical failure. We hypothesized that reformulating galeterone as an amorphous solid dispersion by KinetiSol® compounding could increase its bioavailability. In this study, we examined the effects of composition and manufacturing technology (Kinetisol and spray drying) on the performance of galeterone amorphous solid dispersions. KinetiSol compounding was utilized to create galeterone amorphous solid dispersions containing the complexing agent hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin or hypromellose acetate succinate with lower drug loads that both achieved a ~ 6 × increase in dissolution performance versus the 50-50 spray-dried dispersion. When compared to a spray-dried dispersion with an equivalent drug load, the KinetiSol amorphous solid dispersions formulations exhibited ~ 2 × exposure in an in vivo rat study. Acid-base surface energy analysis showed that the equivalent composition of the KinetiSol amorphous solid dispersion formulation better protected the weakly basic galeterone from premature dissolution in acidic media and thereby reduced precipitation, inhibited recrystallization, and extended the extent of supersaturation during transit into neutral intestinal media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Thompson
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, 2409 W. University Ave. PHR 4.214, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| | - Urvi Gala
- AustinPx, LLC. 111 W Cooperative Way, Suite 300, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - Daniel A Davis
- AustinPx, LLC. 111 W Cooperative Way, Suite 300, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - Sandra Kucera
- AustinPx, LLC. 111 W Cooperative Way, Suite 300, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - Dave Miller
- AustinPx, LLC. 111 W Cooperative Way, Suite 300, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, 2409 W. University Ave. PHR 4.214, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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5
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Xi Z, Fei Y, Wang Y, Lin Q, Ke Q, Feng G, Xu L. Solubility improvement of curcumin by crystallization inhibition from polymeric surfactants in amorphous solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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6
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Zhang J, Liu M, Xu M, Chen Z, Peng X, Yang Q, Cai T, Zeng Z. Discovery of a new polymorph of clotrimazole through melt crystallization: Understanding nucleation and growth kinetics. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:034503. [PMID: 36681648 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clotrimazole (CMZ) is a classical antifungal drug for studying crystallization. In this study, a new CMZ polymorph (Form 2) was discovered during the process of nucleation and growth rate determination in the melt. High-quality single crystals were grown from melt microdroplets to determine the crystal structure by x-ray diffraction. Form 2 is metastable and exhibits a disordered structure. The crystal nucleation and growth kinetics of the two CMZ polymorphs were systematically measured. Form 2 nucleates and grows faster than the existing form (Form 1). The maximum nucleation rate of Forms 1 and 2 was observed at 50 °C (1.07 Tg). The summary of the maximum nucleation rate temperature of CMZ and the other six organic compounds indicates that nucleation near Tg in the supercooled liquid is a useful approach to discovering new polymorphs. This study is relevant for the discovering new drug polymorphs through an understanding of nucleation and growth kinetics during melt crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Minzhuo Liu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Meixia Xu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Xucong Peng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Qiusheng Yang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
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7
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Hermans A, Milsmann J, Li H, Jede C, Moir A, Hens B, Morgado J, Wu T, Cohen M. Challenges and Strategies for Solubility Measurements and Dissolution Method Development for Amorphous Solid Dispersion Formulations. AAPS J 2022; 25:11. [PMID: 36513860 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript represents the view of the Dissolution Working Group of the IQ Consortium on the challenges of and recommendations on solubility measurements and development of dissolution methods for immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms formulated with amorphous solid dispersions. Nowadays, numerous compounds populate the industrial pipeline as promising drug candidates yet suffer from low aqueous solubility. In the oral drug product development process, solubility along with permeability is a key determinant to assure sufficient drug absorption along the intestinal tract. Formulating the drug candidate as an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one potential option to address this issue. These formulations demonstrate the rapid onset of drug dissolution and can achieve supersaturated concentrations, which poses significant challenges to appropriately characterize solubility and develop quality control dissolution methods. This review strives to categorize the different dissolution and solubility challenges for ASD associated with 3 different topics: (i) definition of solubility and sink conditions for ASD dissolution, (ii) applications and development of non-sink dissolution (according to conventional definition) for ASD formulation screening and QC method development, and (iii) the advantages and disadvantages of using dissolution in detecting crystallinity in ASD formulations. Related to these challenges, successful examples of dissolution experiments in the context of control strategies are shared and may lead as an example for scientific consensus concerning dissolution testing of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Hermans
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Johanna Milsmann
- Analytical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Hanlin Li
- Technical Operations, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Jede
- Analytical Development, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andrea Moir
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Bart Hens
- Drug Product Design, Pfizer UK, Sandwich, UK
| | | | - Tian Wu
- AffaMed Therapeutics Inc., Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Michael Cohen
- Global Chemistry and Manufacturing Controls, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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8
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Budiman A, Nurfadilah N, Muchtaridi M, Sriwidodo S, Aulifa DL, Rusdin A. The Impact of Water-Soluble Chitosan on the Inhibition of Crystal Nucleation of Alpha-Mangostin from Supersaturated Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204370. [PMID: 36297947 PMCID: PMC9610582 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of an amorphous drugs system to generate supersaturated solutions is generally developed to improve the solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. This is because the drug in the supersaturation system has a high energy state with a tendency to precipitate. In the amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation, it was discovered that polymer plays a critical role in inhibiting nucleation or crystal growth of the drugs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the crystallization inhibition of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) on nucleation as well as crystal growth from alpha-mangostin (AM) and elucidate its inhibition mechanism in the supersaturated solutions. During the experiment, WSC was used as a polymer to evaluate its ability to inhibit AM nucleation. The interaction between WSC and AM was also estimated using FT-IR, NMR, and in silico study. The result showed that in the absence of polymer, the concentration of AM rapidly decreased due to the precipitation in one minute. Meanwhile, the addition of WSC effectively inhibited AM crystallization and maintained a supersaturated state for the long term. FT-IR measurement also revealed that the shift in the amine primer of WSC occurred because of the interaction between WSC and AM. In the 1H NMR spectra, the proton peaks of WSC showed an upfield shift with the presence of AM, indicating the intermolecular interactions between AM and WSC. Moreover, in silico study revealed the hydrogen bond interaction between the carbonyl group of AM with hydrocarbon groups of WSC. This indicated that WSC interacted with AM in the supersaturated solution and suppressed their molecular mobility, thereby inhibiting the formation of the crystal nucleus. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the interaction between drug polymers contributed to the maintenance of the drug supersaturation by inhibiting both nucleation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nisrina Nurfadilah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Agus Rusdin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
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9
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Butreddy A. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate as an exceptional polymer for amorphous solid dispersion formulations: A review from bench to clinic. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:289-307. [PMID: 35872180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are a proven system for achieving a supersaturated state of drug, in which the concentration of drug is greater than its crystalline solubility. The usage of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate (HPMCAS) in the development of ASDs has grown significantly, as evidenced by the fact that majority of commercially approved ASD formulations are based on HPMCAS. HPMCAS has been widely utilized as a solubility enhancer and precipitation inhibitor or stabilizer to achieve supersaturation and inhibit crystallization of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. The characteristics of HPMCAS ASDs such as less hygroscopic, strong drug-polymer hydrophobic interactions, high solubilization efficiency, greater potential to generate, maintain drug supersaturation and crystallization inhibition outperform other polymeric carriers in ASD development. Furthermore, combining HPMCAS with other polymers or surfactants as ternary ASDs could be a viable approach for enhancing oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. This review discusses the concepts of supersaturation maintenance or precipitation inhibition of HPMCAS in the ASD formulations. In addition, the mechanisms underlying for improved dissolution performance, oral bioavailability and stability of HPMCAS ASDs are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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10
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Kapourani A, Tzakri T, Valkanioti V, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Barmpalexis P. Drug crystal growth in ternary amorphous solid dispersions: Effect of surfactants and polymeric matrix-carriers. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100086. [PMID: 34151251 PMCID: PMC8193146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the crystal growth rate of amorphous drugs when dispersed in different ternary polymeric amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) in the presence of surfactants. Specifically, ternary ASDs of aprepitant (APT, selected as a model drug) were prepared via melt-quench cooling by evaluating three commonly used ASDs matrix/carriers, namely hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and the copolymer Soluplus® (SOL), and two suitable surfactants, namely d-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (P407). Results showed that all components were completely miscible (verified via hot stage polarized microscopy) and both surfactants were acting as plasticizers to the API. APT's crystal growth rate was increased in the presence of both P407 and TPGS, while PVP was identified as the matrix/carrier with the greatest impact API's crystal growth rate inhibition. Interestingly, TPGS presented a noticeable synergistic effect when combined with PVP resulting in a further reduction of APT's crystal growth rate. Furthermore, evaluation of APT's nucleation induction time in dissolution medium (PBS pH 6.8) revealed PVP as the most effective crystallization inhibitor, whereas the addition of TPGS showed to improve PVP's ability to inhibit APT's recrystallization. Finally, the formation of intermolecular interactions in the ternary APT-PVP-TPGS provided an explanation for the observed PVP-TPGS synergistic effects, with molecular dynamics simulations being able to unravel the type and extent of these interactions on a theoretical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kapourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Theodora Tzakri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Valkanioti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N. Kontogiannopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
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11
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Yen CW, Kuhn R, Hu C, Zhang W, Chiang PC, Chen JZ, Hau J, Estevez A, Nagapudi K, Leung DH. Impact of surfactant selection and incorporation on in situ nanoparticle formation from amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120980. [PMID: 34371147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spray dried amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) stand as one of the most effective formulation strategies to address issues of low aqueous solubility when developing new chemical entities.An emerging research topic focusing on the formation of amorphous nanoparticles or nanodroplets from ASD formulations has attracted attention recently. These ASD nanoparticlescan be highly beneficial and able to further increase oral bioavailability. The incorporation of surfactants in ASD formulations has been shown to facilitate the formation of these nanoparticles. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of surfactant-promoted nanoparticle formation becomes critical for the rational design of ASD formulations. This work demonstrated the importance of inclusion of the surfactant within the ASD composition for nanoparticle formation. In contrast, when a surfactant is added externally (e.g., by inclusion in the dosing vehicle), only a limited degree of nanoparticle formation was observed even at the optimized surfactant-to-drug ratios. A variety of different surfactants were also assessed for understanding their impact on ASD nanoparticle formation. The spray drying systems containing nonionic surfactants, Tween 80 and Vitamin E TPGS, produced higher amounts of in situ ASD nanoparticles when compared to an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The ASD nanoparticles produced by the Genentech developmental compound, GDC-0334, were highly stable and retained their original particle size and amorphous feature for at least 18 h under biorelevant conditions. The high degree of nanoparticle formation from spray dried GDC-0334 containing Tween 80 combined with the superior physical stability of the nanoparticles also translated to enhanced in vivo performance in a rat pharmacokinetics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wan Yen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robert Kuhn
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chloe Hu
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Po-Chang Chiang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jacob Z Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jonathan Hau
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dennis H Leung
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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12
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Pornpitchanarong C, Rojanarata T, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T, Patrojanasophon P. Clotrimazole nanosuspensions-loaded hyaluronic acid-catechol/polyvinyl alcohol mucoadhesive films for oral candidiasis treatment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Schittny A, Huwyler J, Puchkov M. Mechanisms of increased bioavailability through amorphous solid dispersions: a review. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:110-127. [PMID: 31885288 PMCID: PMC6968646 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1704940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) can increase the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. However, their use in drug development is comparably rare due to a lack of basic understanding of mechanisms governing drug liberation and absorption in vivo. Furthermore, the lack of a unified nomenclature hampers the interpretation and classification of research data. In this review, we therefore summarize and conceptualize mechanisms covering the dissolution of ASDs, formation of supersaturated ASD solutions, factors responsible for solution stabilization, drug uptake from ASD solutions, and drug distribution within these complex systems as well as effects of excipients. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of these findings on the development of ASDs. This improved overall understanding of these mechanisms will facilitate a rational ASD formulation development and will serve as a basis for further mechanistic research on drug delivery by ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schittny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Puchkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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