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Jabbur ML, Bratton BP, Johnson CH. Bacteria can anticipate the seasons: Photoperiodism in cyanobacteria. Science 2024; 385:1105-1111. [PMID: 39236161 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado8588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Photoperiodic time measurement is the ability of plants and animals to measure differences in day versus night length (photoperiod) and use that information to anticipate critical seasonal transformations, such as annual temperature cycles. This timekeeping phenomenon triggers adaptive responses in higher organisms, such as gonadal stimulation, flowering, and hibernation. Unexpectedly, we observed this capability in cyanobacteria-unicellular prokaryotes with generation times as short as 5 to 6 hours. Cyanobacteria exposed to short, winter-like days developed enhanced resistance to cold mediated by desaturation of membrane lipids and differential programs of gene transcription, including stress response pathways. As in eukaryotes, this photoperiodic timekeeping required an intact circadian clockwork and developed over multiple cycles of photoperiod. Therefore, photoperiodic timekeeping evolved in much simpler organisms than previously appreciated and enabled genetic responses to stresses that recur seasonally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luísa Jabbur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin P Bratton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Jabbur ML, Johnson CH. Bacteria can anticipate the seasons: photoperiodism in cyanobacteria. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593996. [PMID: 38798677 PMCID: PMC11118479 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Photoperiodic Time Measurement is the ability of plants and animals to measure differences in day/night-length (photoperiod) and use that information to anticipate critical seasonal transformations such as annual temperature cycles. This timekeeping phenomenon triggers adaptive responses in higher organisms such as gonadal growth/regression, flowering, and hibernation. Unexpectedly, we discovered this capability in cyanobacteria, unicellular prokaryotes with generation times of only 5-6 h. Cyanobacteria in short winter-like days develop enhanced resistance to cold that involves desaturation of membrane lipids and differential programs of gene transcription, including stress response pathways. As in eukaryotes, this photoperiodic timekeeping requires an intact circadian clockwork and develops over multiple cycles. Therefore, photoperiodic timekeeping evolved in much simpler organisms than previously appreciated, and involved genetic responses to stresses that recur seasonally.
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Krynická V, Komenda J. The Role of FtsH Complexes in the Response to Abiotic Stress in Cyanobacteria. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1103-1114. [PMID: 38619128 PMCID: PMC11287208 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
FtsH proteases (FtsHs) belong to intramembrane ATP-dependent metalloproteases which are widely distributed in eubacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. The best-studied roles of FtsH in Escherichia coli include quality control of membrane proteins, regulation of response to heat shock, superoxide stress and viral infection, and control of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. While heterotrophic bacteria mostly contain a single indispensable FtsH complex, photosynthetic cyanobacteria usually contain three FtsH complexes: two heterocomplexes and one homocomplex. The essential cytoplasmic FtsH1/3 most probably fulfills a role similar to other bacterial FtsHs, whereas the thylakoid FtsH2/3 heterocomplex and FtsH4 homocomplex appear to maintain the photosynthetic apparatus of cyanobacteria and optimize its functionality. Moreover, recent studies suggest the involvement of all FtsH proteases in a complex response to nutrient stresses. In this review, we aim to comprehensively evaluate the functions of the cyanobacterial FtsHs specifically under stress conditions with emphasis on nutrient deficiency and high irradiance. We also point to various unresolved issues concerning FtsH functions, which deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Krynická
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovický Mlýn, Novohradská 237, Třeboň 37901, The Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovický Mlýn, Novohradská 237, Třeboň 37901, The Czech Republic
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Panda P, Giri SJ, Sherman L, Kihara D, Aryal UK. Proteomic analysis of unicellular cyanobacterium Crocosphaera subtropica ATCC 51142 under extended light or dark growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.29.605499. [PMID: 39131394 PMCID: PMC11312443 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.29.605499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The daily light-dark cycle is a recurrent and predictable environmental phenomenon to which many organisms, including cyanobacteria, have evolved to adapt. Understanding how cyanobacteria alter their metabolic attributes in response to subjective light or dark growth may provide key features for developing strains with improved photosynthetic efficiency and applications in enhanced carbon sequestration and renewable energy. Here, we undertook a label-free proteomic approach to investigate the effect of extended light (LL) or extended dark (DD) conditions on the unicellular cyanobacterium Crocosphaera subtropica ATCC 51142. We quantified 2287 proteins, of which 603 proteins were significantly different between the two growth conditions. These proteins represent several biological processes, including photosynthetic electron transport, carbon fixation, stress responses, translation, and protein degradation. One significant observation is the regulation of over two dozen proteases, including ATP dependent Clp-proteases (endopeptidases) and metalloproteases, the majority of which were upregulated in LL compared to DD. This suggests that proteases play a crucial role in the regulation and maintenance of photosynthesis, especially the PSI and PSII components. The higher protease activity in LL indicates a need for more frequent degradation and repair of certain photosynthetic components, highlighting the dynamic nature of protein turnover and quality control mechanisms in response to prolonged light exposure. The results enhance our understanding of how Crocosphaera subtropica ATCC51142 adjusts its molecular machinery in response to extended light or dark growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punyatoya Panda
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Swagarika J. Giri
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Louis Sherman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Daisuke Kihara
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Savoie M, Mattison A, Genge L, Nadeau J, Śliwińska-Wilczewska S, Berthold M, Omar NM, Prášil O, Cockshutt AM, Campbell DA. Prochlorococcus marinus responses to light and oxygen. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307549. [PMID: 39038009 PMCID: PMC11262661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prochlorococcus marinus, the smallest picocyanobacterium, comprises multiple clades occupying distinct niches, currently across tropical and sub-tropical oligotrophic ocean regions, including Oxygen Minimum Zones. Ocean warming may open growth-permissive temperatures in new, poleward photic regimes, along with expanded Oxygen Minimum Zones. We used ocean metaproteomic data on current Prochlorococcus marinus niches, to guide testing of Prochlorococcus marinus growth across a matrix of peak irradiances, photoperiods, spectral bands and dissolved oxygen. MED4 from Clade HLI requires greater than 4 h photoperiod, grows at 25 μmol O2 L-1 and above, and exploits high cumulative diel photon doses. MED4, however, relies upon an alternative oxidase to balance electron transport, which may exclude it from growth under our lowest, 2.5 μmol O2 L-1, condition. SS120 from clade LLII/III is restricted to low light under full 250 μmol O2 L-1, shows expanded light exploitation under 25 μmol O2 L-1, but is excluded from growth under 2.5 μmol O2 L-1. Intermediate oxygen suppresses the cost of PSII photoinactivation, and possibly the enzymatic production of H2O2 in SS120, which has limitations on genomic capacity for PSII and DNA repair. MIT9313 from Clade LLIV is restricted to low blue irradiance under 250 μmol O2 L-1, but exploits much higher irradiance under red light, or under lower O2 concentrations, conditions which slow photoinactivation of PSII and production of reactive oxygen species. In warming oceans, range expansions and competition among clades will be governed not only by light levels. Short photoperiods governed by latitude, temperate winters, and depth attenuation of light, will exclude clade HLI (including MED4) from some habitats. In contrast, clade LLII/III (including SS120), and particularly clade LLIV (including MIT9313), may exploit higher light niches nearer the surface, under expanding OMZ conditions, where low O2 relieves the stresses of oxidation stress and PSII photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Savoie
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Aurora Mattison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laurel Genge
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ecosystems Management Branch, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Julie Nadeau
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Maximilian Berthold
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Naaman M. Omar
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda M. Cockshutt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, St. Frances Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Douglas A. Campbell
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
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Wang J, Liu L, Luo R, Zhang Q, Wang X, Ling F, Wang P. Genome-wide analysis of filamentous temperature-sensitive H protease (ftsH) gene family in soybean. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:524. [PMID: 38802777 PMCID: PMC11131285 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The filamentous temperature-sensitive H protease (ftsH) gene family belongs to the ATP-dependent zinc metalloproteins, and ftsH genes play critical roles in plant chloroplast development and photosynthesis. RESULTS In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and a systematic analysis of soybean ftsH genes. A total of 18 GmftsH genes were identified. The subcellular localization was predicted to be mainly in cell membranes and chloroplasts, and the gene structures, conserved motifs, evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns were comprehensively analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of the ftsH gene family from soybean and various other species revealed six distinct clades, all of which showed a close relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana. The members of the GmftsH gene family were distributed on 13 soybean chromosomes, with intron numbers ranging from 3 to 15, 13 pairs of repetitive segment. The covariance between these genes and related genes in different species of Oryza sativa, Zea mays, and Arabidopsis thaliana was further investigated. The transcript expression data revealed that the genes of this family showed different expression patterns in three parts, the root, stem, and leaf, and most of the genes were highly expressed in the leaves of the soybean plants. Fluorescence-based real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression level of GmftsH genes varied under different stress treatments. Specifically, the genes within this family exhibited various induction levels in response to stress conditions of 4℃, 20% PEG-6000, and 100 mmol/L NaCl. These findings suggest that the GmftsH gene family may play a crucial role in the abiotic stress response in soybeans. It was also found that the GmftsH7 gene was localized on the cell membrane, and its expression was significantly upregulated under 4 ℃ treatment. In summary, by conducting a genome-wide analysis of the GmftsH gene family, a strong theoretical basis is established for future studies on the functionality of GmftsH genes. CONCLUSIONS This research can potentially serve as a guide for enhancing the stress tolerance characteristics of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Wang
- JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Liu
- JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Luo
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fenglou Ling
- JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Piwu Wang
- JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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Koník P, Skotnicová P, Gupta S, Tichý M, Sharma S, Komenda J, Sobotka R, Krynická V. The cyanobacterial FtsH4 protease controls accumulation of protein factors involved in the biogenesis of photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149017. [PMID: 37827327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound FtsH proteases are universally present in prokaryotes and in mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. These metalloproteases are often critical for viability and play both protease and chaperone roles to maintain cellular homeostasis. In contrast to most bacteria bearing a single ftsH gene, cyanobacteria typically possess four FtsH proteases (FtsH1-4) forming heteromeric (FtsH1/3 and FtsH2/3) and homomeric (FtsH4) complexes. The functions and substrate repertoire of each complex are however poorly understood. To identify substrates of the FtsH4 protease complex we established a trapping assay in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 utilizing a proteolytically inactivated trapFtsH4-His. Around 40 proteins were specifically enriched in trapFtsH4 pulldown when compared with the active FtsH4. As the list of putative FtsH4 substrates contained Ycf4 and Ycf37 assembly factors of Photosystem I (PSI), its core PsaB subunit and the IsiA chlorophyll-binding protein that associates with PSI during iron stress, we focused on these PSI-related proteins. Therefore, we analysed their degradation by FtsH4 in vivo in Synechocystis mutants and in vitro using purified substrates. The data confirmed that FtsH4 degrades Ycf4, Ycf37, IsiA, and also the individual PsaA and PsaB subunits in the unassembled state but not when assembled within the PSI complexes. A possible role of FtsH4 in the PSI life-cycle is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Koník
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Skotnicová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
| | - Sadanand Gupta
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Krynická
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic.
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Kageyama H, Waditee-Sirisattha R. Halotolerance mechanisms in salt‑tolerant cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 124:55-117. [PMID: 37597948 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ubiquitously distributed in nature and are the most abundant photoautotrophs on Earth. Their long evolutionary history reveals that cyanobacteria have a remarkable capacity and strong adaptive tendencies to thrive in a variety of conditions. Thus, they can survive successfully, especially in harsh environmental conditions such as salty environments, high radiation, or extreme temperatures. Among others, salt stress because of excessive salt accumulation in salty environments, is the most common abiotic stress in nature and hampers agricultural growth and productivity worldwide. These detrimental effects point to the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the salt stress response. While it is generally accepted that the stress response mechanism is a complex network, fewer efforts have been made to represent it as a network. Substantial evidence revealed that salt-tolerant cyanobacteria have evolved genomic specific mechanisms and high adaptability in response to environmental changes. For example, extended gene families and/or clusters of genes encoding proteins involved in the adaptation to high salinity have been collectively reported. This chapter focuses on recent advances and provides an overview of the molecular basis of halotolerance mechanisms in salt‑tolerant cyanobacteria as well as multiple regulatory pathways. We elaborate on the major protective mechanisms, molecular mechanisms associated with halotolerance, and the global transcriptional landscape to provide a gateway to uncover gene regulation principles. Both knowledge and omics approaches are utilized in this chapter to decipher the mechanistic insights into halotolerance. Collectively, this chapter would have a profound impact on providing a comprehensive understanding of halotolerance in salt‑tolerant cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakuto Kageyama
- Graduate School of Environmental and Human Sciences, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Sun Y, Li J, Zhang L, Lin R. Regulation of chloroplast protein degradation. J Genet Genomics 2023:S1673-8527(23)00049-8. [PMID: 36863685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are unique organelles that not only provide sites for photosynthesis and many metabolic processes, but also are sensitive to various environmental stresses. Chloroplast proteins are encoded by genes from both nuclear and chloroplast genomes. During chloroplast development and responses to stresses, the robust protein quality control systems are essential for regulation of protein homeostasis and the integrity of chloroplast proteome. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast protein degradation refer to protease system, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the chloroplast autophagy. These mechanisms symbiotically play a vital role in chloroplast development and photosynthesis under both normal or stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Jialong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China.
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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