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Huda MN, Deaguero IG, Borrego EA, Kumar R, Islam T, Afrin H, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ, Tanner EEL, Nurunnabi M. Ionic liquid-mediated delivery of a BCL-2 inhibitor for topical treatment of skin melanoma. J Control Release 2022; 349:783-795. [PMID: 35908622 PMCID: PMC9991868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Skin melanoma is one of the most common cancer types in the United States and worldwide, and its incidence continues to grow. Primary skin melanoma can be removed surgically when feasible and if detected at an early stage. Anti-cancer drugs can be applied topically to treat skin cancer lesions and used as an adjunct to surgery to prevent the recurrence of tumor growth. We developed a topical formulation composed of Navitoclax (NAVI), a BCL-2 inhibitor that results in apoptosis, and an ionic liquid of choline octanoate (COA) to treat early-stage melanoma. NAVI is a small hydrophobic molecule that solubilizes at 20% (w/v) when dissolved in 50% COA. Although NAVI is a highly effective chemotherapeutic, it is equally thrombocytopenic. We found that COA-mediated topical delivery of NAVI enhanced its penetration into the skin and held the drug in the deeper skin layers for an extended period. Topical delivery of NAVI produced a higher cancer-cell killing efficacy than orally administrated NAVI. In vivo experiments in a mouse model of human melanoma-induced skin cancer confirmed the formulation's effectiveness via an apoptotic mechanism without any significant skin irritation or systemic absorption of NAVI. Overall, this topical approach may provide a safe and effective option for better managing skin cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurul Huda
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79902, United States
| | - Isaac G Deaguero
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States
| | - Edgar A Borrego
- Department of Biological Science, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States
| | - Raj Kumar
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States
| | - Tamanna Islam
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States
| | - Humayra Afrin
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Science, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Department of Biological Science, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States
| | - Eden E L Tanner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States; Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States; Department of Biological Science, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79956, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79902, United States.
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2
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Clinical Study on the Increased Incidence of Nodular Melanoma Cases Compared to Superficial Melanoma. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2021; 47:298-305. [PMID: 34765252 PMCID: PMC8551895 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.47.02.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our study group was comprised of 67 patients with melanoma, admitted and operated in our clinic between 2010-2018. Only the patients with melanoma localized on the head, torso and upper limb were selected for our study. We attempted to establish a link between the clinical appearance, presence or absence of ulceration, presence or absence of regional lymphadenopathy or distant metastases, surgical technique, histopathological type, Clark level and Breslow depth, disease stage (TNM), adjuvant therapies and survival rates at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years.
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3
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Lattanzi M, Lee Y, Simpson D, Moran U, Darvishian F, Kim RH, Hernando E, Polsky D, Hanniford D, Shapiro R, Berman R, Pavlick AC, Wilson MA, Kirchhoff T, Weber JS, Zhong J, Osman I. Primary Melanoma Histologic Subtype: Impact on Survival and Response to Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:180-188. [PMID: 29912415 PMCID: PMC7962783 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two primary histologic subtypes, superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and nodular melanoma (NM), comprise the majority of all cutaneous melanomas. NM is associated with worse outcomes, which have been attributed to increased thickness at presentation, and it is widely expected that NM and SSM would exhibit similar behavior once metastasized. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that primary histologic subtype is an independent predictor of survival and may impact response to treatment in the metastatic setting. METHODS We examined the most recent Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cohort (n = 118 508) and the New York University (NYU) cohort (n = 1621) with available protocol-driven follow-up. Outcomes specified by primary histology were studied in both the primary and metastatic settings with respect to BRAF-targeted therapy and immunotherapy. We characterized known driver mutations and examined a 140-gene panel in a subset of NM and SSM cases using next-generation sequencing. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS NM was an independent risk factor for death in both the SEER (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41 to 1.70, P < .001) and NYU (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.07, P = .03) cohorts, controlling for thickness, ulceration, stage, and other variables. In the metastatic setting, NM remained an independent risk factor for death upon treatment with BRAF-targeted therapy (HR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.06 to 10.47, P = .04) but showed no statistically significant difference with immune checkpoint inhibition. NM was associated with a higher rate of NRAS mutation (P < .001), and high-throughput sequencing revealed NM-specific genomic alterations in NOTCH4, ANK3, and ZNF560, which were independently validated. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal distinct clinical and biological differences between NM and SSM that support revisiting the prognostic and predictive impact of primary histology subtype in the management of cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lattanzi
- Department of Medicine.,Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group
| | - Yesung Lee
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology
| | - Danny Simpson
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,Department of Population Health
| | - Una Moran
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,Department of Pathology
| | - Randie H Kim
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology
| | - Eva Hernando
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,Department of Pathology
| | - David Polsky
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology.,Department of Pathology
| | - Doug Hanniford
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,Department of Pathology
| | - Richard Shapiro
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,Department of Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Russell Berman
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,Department of Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Anna C Pavlick
- Department of Medicine.,Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology
| | - Melissa A Wilson
- Department of Medicine.,Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,Department of Population Health
| | - Jeffrey S Weber
- Department of Medicine.,Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology
| | - Judy Zhong
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,Department of Population Health
| | - Iman Osman
- Department of Medicine.,Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology
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4
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Salhi A, Farhadian JA, Giles KM, Vega-Saenz de Miera E, Silva IP, Bourque C, Yeh K, Chhangawala S, Wang J, Ye F, Zhang DY, Hernando-Monge E, Houvras Y, Osman I. RSK1 activation promotes invasion in nodular melanoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:704-16. [PMID: 25579842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The two major melanoma histologic subtypes, superficial spreading and nodular melanomas, differ in their speed of dermal invasion but converge biologically once they invade and metastasize. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that distinct molecular alterations arising in primary melanoma cells might persist as these tumors progress to invasion and metastasis. Ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90 kDa, polypeptide 1 (RSK1; official name RPS6KA1) was significantly hyperactivated in human melanoma lines and metastatic tissues derived from nodular compared with superficial spreading melanoma. RSK1 was constitutively phosphorylated at Ser-380 in nodular but not superficial spreading melanoma and did not directly correlate with BRAF or MEK activation. Nodular melanoma cells were more sensitive to RSK1 inhibition using siRNA and the pharmacological inhibitor BI-D1870 compared with superficial spreading cells. Gene expression microarray analyses revealed that RSK1 orchestrated a program of gene expression that promoted cell motility and invasion. Differential overexpression of the prometastatic matrix metalloproteinase 8 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in metastatic nodular compared with metastatic superficial spreading melanoma was observed. Finally, using an in vivo zebrafish model, constitutive RSK1 activation increased melanoma invasion. Together, these data reveal a novel role for activated RSK1 in the progression of nodular melanoma and suggest that melanoma originating from different histologic subtypes may be biologically distinct and that these differences are maintained as the tumors invade and metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Salhi
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Joshua A Farhadian
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Keith M Giles
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ines P Silva
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Caitlin Bourque
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Karen Yeh
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sagar Chhangawala
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jinhua Wang
- New York University Langone Medical Center Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York, New York
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eva Hernando-Monge
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Iman Osman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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5
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Abstract
The rapidly increasing incidence of melanoma, coupled with its highly aggressive metastatic nature, is of urgent concern. In order to design rational therapies, it is of critical importance to identify the genetic determinants that drive melanoma formation and progression. To date, signaling cascades emanating from the EGF receptor, c-MET and other receptors are known to be altered in melanoma. Important mutations in signaling molecules, such as BRAF and N-RAS, have been identified. In this review, some of the major genetic alterations and signaling pathways involved in melanoma will be discussed. Given the great deal of genetic heterogeneity observed in melanoma, it is likely that many more genetic determinants exist. Through the use of powerful genomic technologies, it is now possible to identify these additional genetic alterations in melanoma. A critical step in this analysis will be culling bystanders from functionally important drivers, as this will highlight genetic elements that will be promising therapeutic targets. Such technologies and the important points to consider in understanding the genetics of melanoma will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papia Ghosh
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Tel.: +1 617 258 8614, ,
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Superficial spreading and nodular melanoma are distinct biological entities: a challenge to the linear progression model. Melanoma Res 2012; 22:1-8. [PMID: 22108608 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e32834e6aa0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The classification of melanoma subtypes into prognostically relevant and therapeutically insightful categories has been a challenge since the first description of melanoma in the 1800s. One limitation has been the assumption that the two most common histological subtypes of melanoma, superficial spreading and nodular, evolve according to a linear model of progression, as malignant melanocytes spread radially and then invade vertically. However, recent clinical, pathological, and molecular data indicate that these two histological subtypes might evolve as distinct entities. Here, we review the published data that support distinct molecular characterization of superficial spreading and nodular melanoma, the clinical significance of this distinction including prognostic relevance and the therapeutic implications.
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7
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Abstract
We examined the microRNA signature that distinguishes the most common melanoma histological subtypes, superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and nodular melanoma (NM). We also investigated the mechanisms underlying the differential expression of histology-specific microRNAs. MicroRNA array performed on a training cohort of 82 primary melanoma tumors (26 SSM, 56 NM), and nine congenital nevi (CN) revealed 134 microRNAs differentially expressed between SSM and NM (P<0.05). Out of 134 microRNAs, 126 remained significant after controlling for thickness and 31 were expressed at a lower level in SSM compared with both NM and CN. For seven microRNAs (let-7g, miR-15a, miR-16, miR-138, miR-181a, miR-191, and miR-933), the downregulation was associated with selective genomic loss in SSM cell lines and primary tumors, but not in NM cell lines and primary tumors. The lower expression level of six out of seven microRNAs in SSM compared with NM was confirmed by real-time PCR on a subset of cases in the training cohort and validated in an independent cohort of 97 melanoma cases (38 SSM, 59 NM). Our data support a molecular classification in which SSM and NM are two molecularly distinct phenotypes. Therapeutic strategies that take into account subtype-specific alterations might improve the outcome of melanoma patients.
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8
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Das A, Pushparaj C, Bahí N, Sorolla A, Herreros J, Pamplona R, Vilella R, Matias-Guiu X, Martí RM, Cantí C. Functional expression of voltage-gated calcium channels in human melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:200-12. [PMID: 22260517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2012.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) has not been reported previously in melanoma cells in spite of increasing evidence of a role of VGCCs in tumorigenesis and tumour progression. To address this issue we have performed an extensive RT-PCR analysis of VGCC expression in human melanocytes and a range of melanoma cell lines and biopsies. In addition, we have tested the functional expression of these channels using Ca(2+) imaging techniques and examined their relevance for the viability and proliferation of the melanoma cells. Our results show that control melanocytes and melanoma cells express channel isoforms belonging to the Ca(v) 1 and Ca(v) 2 gene families. Importantly, the expression of low voltage-activated Ca(v) 3 (T-type) channels is restricted to melanoma. We have confirmed the function of T-type channels as mediators of constitutive Ca(2+) influx in melanoma cells. Finally, pharmacological and gene silencing approaches demonstrate a role for T-type channels in melanoma viability and proliferation. These results encourage the analysis of T-type VGCCs as targets for therapeutic intervention in melanoma tumorigenesis and/or tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Das
- Laboratori d'Investigació, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lerida, Spain
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Huynh C, Poliseno L, Segura MF, Medicherla R, Haimovic A, Menendez S, Shang S, Pavlick A, Shao Y, Darvishian F, Boylan JF, Osman I, Hernando E. The novel gamma secretase inhibitor RO4929097 reduces the tumor initiating potential of melanoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25264. [PMID: 21980408 PMCID: PMC3182998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have demonstrated a role for aberrant NOTCH signaling in melanoma genesis and progression, prompting us to explore if targeting this pathway is a valid therapeutic approach against melanoma. We targeted NOTCH signaling using RO4929097, a novel inhibitor of gamma secretase, which is a key component of the enzymatic complex that cleaves and activates NOTCH. The effects of RO4929097 on the oncogenic and stem cell properties of a panel of melanoma cell lines were tested both in vitro and in vivo, using xenograft models. In human primary melanoma cell lines, RO4929097 decreased the levels of NOTCH transcriptional target HES1. This was accompanied by reduced proliferation and impaired ability to form colonies in soft agar and to organize in tridimensional spheres. Moreover, RO4929097 affected the growth of human primary melanoma xenograft in NOD/SCID/IL2gammaR-/- mice and inhibited subsequent tumor formation in a serial xenotransplantation model, suggesting that inhibition of NOTCH signaling suppresses the tumor initiating potential of melanoma cells. In addition, RO4929097 decreased tumor volume and blocked the invasive growth pattern of metastatic melanoma cell lines in vivo. Finally, increased gene expression of NOTCH signaling components correlated with shorter post recurrence survival in metastatic melanoma cases. Our data support NOTCH inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanh Huynh
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura Poliseno
- Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Miguel F. Segura
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ratna Medicherla
- Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adele Haimovic
- Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Silvia Menendez
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shulian Shang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna Pavlick
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John F. Boylan
- Discovery Oncology, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Iman Osman
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EH); (IO)
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EH); (IO)
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10
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Jalili A, Moser A, Pashenkov M, Wagner C, Pathria G, Borgdorff V, Gschaider M, Stingl G, Ramaswamy S, Wagner SN. Polo-like kinase 1 is a potential therapeutic target in human melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1886-95. [PMID: 21654832 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of the human melanoma cell-cycle pathway can lead to identification of new therapeutic targets. By gene set enrichment analysis, we identified the cell-cycle pathway and its member polo-like kinase 1 (Plk-1) to be significantly overexpressed in primary melanomas and in melanoma metastases. In vitro expression of Plk-1 was peaked at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Plk-1 knockdown/inhibition led to induction of apoptosis, which was caspase-3/8-dependent and p53-independent, and involved BID and Bcl-2 proteins. Comparative genomic hybridization/single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays showed no genetic alteration in the Plk-1 locus. Previous suggestions and significant enrichment of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway pointed to potential regulation of Plk-1 by MAPK signaling. Inhibition of this pathway resulted in decreased Plk-1 expression as a consequence of G1 cell-cycle arrest rather than direct regulation of Plk-1. Inhibition of MAPK and Plk-1 had an additive effect on reduced cell viability. This study shows that in human melanoma, Plk-1 expression is dynamically regulated during the cell cycle, knockdown of Plk-1 leads to apoptotic cell death, and that a combination of Plk-1 and MAPK inhibition has an additive effect on melanoma cell viability. We conclude that combined inhibition of Plk-1 and MAPK could be a potentially attractive strategy in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jalili
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Pleshkan VV, Zinovyeva MV, Sverdlov ED. Melanoma: Surface markers as the first point of targeted delivery of therapeutic genes in multilevel gene therapy. Mol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893311030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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13
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Hou P, Liu D, Ji M, Liu Z, Engles JM, Wahl RL, Xing M. Induction of thyroid gene expression and radioiodine uptake in melanoma cells: novel therapeutic implications. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6200. [PMID: 19593429 PMCID: PMC2703805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt pathways play an important role in the pathogenesis of melanoma. We conducted the present study to test the hypothesis that targeting the two pathways to potently induce cell inhibition accompanied with thyroid iodide-handling gene expression for adjunct radioiodine ablation could be a novel effective therapeutic strategy for melanoma. We used specific shRNA approaches and inhibitors to individually or dually suppress the MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt pathways and examined the effects on a variety of molecular and cellular responses of melanoma cells that harbored activating genetic alterations in the two pathways. Suppression of the MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt pathways showed potent anti-melanoma cell effects, including the inhibition of cell proliferation, transformation and invasion, induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and, when the two pathways were dually suppressed, cell apoptosis. Remarkably, suppression of the two pathways, particularly simultaneous suppression of them, also induced expression of genes that are normally expressed in the thyroid gland, such as the genes for sodium/iodide symporter and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Melanoma cells were consequently conferred the ability to take up radioiodide. We conclude that dually targeting the MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt pathways for potent cell inhibition coupled with induction of thyroid gene expression for adjunct radioiodine ablation therapy may prove to be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dingxie Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Meiju Ji
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James M. Engles
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard L. Wahl
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mingzhao Xing
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Plexin C1, a receptor for semaphorin 7a, inactivates cofilin and is a potential tumor suppressor for melanoma progression. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:954-63. [PMID: 18987670 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanocytes are progenitor cells for melanoma, which arises through step-wise progression from dysplastic to invasive, to metastatic tumor. Our previous data showed that semaphorin 7A (Sema7A), a protein involved in axon guidance, stimulates melanocyte adhesion and dendricity through opposing actions of beta1-integrin and Plexin C1 receptors. We now show that Plexin C1 is diminished or absent in human melanoma cell lines; analysis of tissue microarrays of nevi, melanoma, and metastatic melanoma showed a decrease in Plexin C1 expression in metastatic melanoma, and an inverse correlation of Plexin C1 expression with depth of invasion. We examined the signaling intermediates of Sema7A and downstream targets of Plexin C1 in human melanocytes. Sema7A activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and inactivated cofilin, an actin-binding protein involved in cell migration. When Plexin C1 expression was silenced, Sema7A failed to phosphorylate cofilin, indicating that cofilin is downstream of Plexin C1. Further, Lim kinase II, a protein that phosphorylates cofilin, is upregulated by Sema7A in a Plexin C1-dependent manner. These data identify Plexin C1 as a potential tumor suppressor protein in melanoma progression, and suggest that loss of Plexin C1 expression may promote melanoma invasion and metastasis through loss of inhibitory signaling on cofilin activation.
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