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Leg length and bristle density, both necessary for water surface locomotion, are genetically correlated in water striders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2119210119. [PMID: 35193982 PMCID: PMC8892508 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119210119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to hitherto unexploited ecological opportunities is associated with phenotypic evolution and often results in significant lineage diversification. Yet our understanding of the mechanisms underlying such adaptive traits remains limited. Water striders have been able to exploit the water-air interface, primarily facilitated by changes in the density of hydrophobic bristles and a significant increase in leg length. These two traits are functionally correlated and are both necessary for generating efficient locomotion on the water surface. Whether bristle density and leg length have any cellular or developmental genetic mechanisms in common is unknown. Here, we combine comparative genomics and transcriptomics with functional RNA interference assays to examine the developmental genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying the patterning of the bristles and the legs in Gerris buenoi and Mesovelia mulsanti, two species of water striders. We found that two duplication events in the genes beadex and taxi led to a functional expansion of the paralogs, which affected bristle density and leg length. We also identified genes for which no function in bristle development has been previously described in other insects. Interestingly, most of these genes play a dual role in regulating bristle development and leg length. In addition, these genes play a role in regulating cell division. This result suggests that cell division may be a common mechanism through which these genes can simultaneously regulate leg length and bristle density. We propose that pleiotropy, through which gene function affects the development of multiple traits, may play a prominent role in facilitating access to unexploited ecological opportunities and species diversification.
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Liang S, Luo J, Alariqi M, Xu Z, Wang A, Zafar MN, Ren J, Wang F, Liu X, Xin Y, Xu H, Guo W, Wang Y, Ma W, Chen L, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Jin S. Silencing of a LIM gene in cotton exhibits enhanced resistance against Apolygus lucorum. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5921-5936. [PMID: 33481281 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant bugs (Miridae species) have become major agricultural pests that cause increasing and severe economic damage. Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is emerging as an eco-friendly, efficient, and reliable strategy for pest management. In this study, we isolated and characterized a lethal gene of Apolygus lucorum and named it Apolygus lucorum LIM (AlLIM), which produced A. lucorum mortality rates ranging from 38% to 81%. Downregulation of the AlLIM gene expression in A. lucorum by injection of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) led to muscle structural disorganization that resulted in metamorphosis deficiency and increased mortality. Then we constructed a plant expression vector that enabled transgenic cotton to highly and stably express dsRNA of AlLIM (dsAlLIM) by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. In the field bioassay, dsAlLIM transgenic cotton was protected from A. lucorum damage with high efficiency, with almost no detectable yield loss. Therefore, our study successfully provides a promising genetically modified strategy to overpower A. lucorum attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,Academy of Industry innovation and Development, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muna Alariqi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem Zafar
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuqiu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfeng Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haonan Xu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weifeng Guo
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Immarigeon C, Bernat-Fabre S, Guillou E, Verger A, Prince E, Benmedjahed MA, Payet A, Couralet M, Monte D, Villeret V, Bourbon HM, Boube M. Mediator complex subunit Med19 binds directly GATA transcription factors and is required with Med1 for GATA-driven gene regulation in vivo. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13617-13629. [PMID: 32737196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved multiprotein Mediator complex (MED) serves as an interface between DNA-bound transcription factors (TFs) and the RNA Pol II machinery. It has been proposed that each TF interacts with a dedicated MED subunit to induce specific transcriptional responses. But are these binary partnerships sufficient to mediate TF functions? We have previously established that the Med1 Mediator subunit serves as a cofactor of GATA TFs in Drosophila, as shown in mammals. Here, we observe mutant phenotype similarities between another subunit, Med19, and the Drosophila GATA TF Pannier (Pnr), suggesting functional interaction. We further show that Med19 physically interacts with the Drosophila GATA TFs, Pnr and Serpent (Srp), in vivo and in vitro through their conserved C-zinc finger domains. Moreover, Med19 loss of function experiments in vivo or in cellulo indicate that it is required for Pnr- and Srp-dependent gene expression, suggesting general GATA cofactor functions. Interestingly, Med19 but not Med1 is critical for the regulation of all tested GATA target genes, implying shared or differential use of MED subunits by GATAs depending on the target gene. Lastly, we show a direct interaction between Med19 and Med1 by GST pulldown experiments indicating privileged contacts between these two subunits of the MED middle module. Together, these findings identify Med19/Med1 as a composite GATA TF interface and suggest that binary MED subunit-TF partnerships are probably oversimplified models. We propose several mechanisms to account for the transcriptional regulation of GATA-targeted genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Immarigeon
- Centre de Biologie Integrative CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Sandra Bernat-Fabre
- Centre de Biologie Integrative CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuelle Guillou
- Centre de Biologie Integrative CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Verger
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS ERL 9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - Elodie Prince
- Centre de Biologie Integrative CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed A Benmedjahed
- Centre de Biologie Integrative CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Adeline Payet
- Centre de Biologie Integrative CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Marie Couralet
- Centre de Biologie Integrative CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Didier Monte
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS ERL 9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Villeret
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS ERL 9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - Henri-Marc Bourbon
- Centre de Biologie Integrative CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Boube
- Centre de Biologie Integrative CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France.
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CHATTERJEE ARUNITA, AAVULA KUMAR, NONGTHOMBA UPENDRA. Beadex, a homologue of the vertebrate LIM domain only protein, is a novel regulator of crystal cell development in Drosophila melanogaster. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Drosophila Mediator Subunit Med1 Is Required for GATA-Dependent Developmental Processes: Divergent Binding Interfaces for Conserved Coactivator Functions. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00477-18. [PMID: 30670567 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00477-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-bound transcription factors (TFs) governing developmental gene regulation have been proposed to recruit polymerase II machinery at gene promoters through specific interactions with dedicated subunits of the evolutionarily conserved Mediator (MED) complex. However, whether such MED subunit-specific functions and partnerships have been conserved during evolution has been poorly investigated. To address this issue, we generated the first Drosophila melanogaster loss-of-function mutants for Med1, known as a specific cofactor for GATA TFs and hormone nuclear receptors in mammals. We show that Med1 is required for cell proliferation and hematopoietic differentiation depending on the GATA TF Serpent (Srp). Med1 physically binds Srp in cultured cells and in vitro through its conserved GATA zinc finger DNA-binding domain and the divergent Med1 C terminus. Interestingly, GATA-Srp interaction occurs through the longest Med1 isoform, suggesting a functional diversity of MED complex populations. Furthermore, we show that Med1 acts as a coactivator for the GATA factor Pannier during thoracic development. In conclusion, the Med1 requirement for GATA-dependent regulatory processes is a common feature in insects and mammals, although binding interfaces have diverged. Further work in Drosophila should bring valuable insights to fully understand GATA-MED functional partnerships, which probably involve other MED subunits depending on the cellular context.
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Armisén D, Rajakumar R, Friedrich M, Benoit JB, Robertson HM, Panfilio KA, Ahn SJ, Poelchau MF, Chao H, Dinh H, Doddapaneni HV, Dugan S, Gibbs RA, Hughes DST, Han Y, Lee SL, Murali SC, Muzny DM, Qu J, Worley KC, Munoz-Torres M, Abouheif E, Bonneton F, Chen T, Chiang LM, Childers CP, Cridge AG, Crumière AJJ, Decaras A, Didion EM, Duncan EJ, Elpidina EN, Favé MJ, Finet C, Jacobs CGC, Cheatle Jarvela AM, Jennings EC, Jones JW, Lesoway MP, Lovegrove MR, Martynov A, Oppert B, Lillico-Ouachour A, Rajakumar A, Refki PN, Rosendale AJ, Santos ME, Toubiana W, van der Zee M, Vargas Jentzsch IM, Lowman AV, Viala S, Richards S, Khila A. The genome of the water strider Gerris buenoi reveals expansions of gene repertoires associated with adaptations to life on the water. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:832. [PMID: 30463532 PMCID: PMC6249893 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having conquered water surfaces worldwide, the semi-aquatic bugs occupy ponds, streams, lakes, mangroves, and even open oceans. The diversity of this group has inspired a range of scientific studies from ecology and evolution to developmental genetics and hydrodynamics of fluid locomotion. However, the lack of a representative water strider genome hinders our ability to more thoroughly investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the processes of adaptation and diversification within this group. RESULTS Here we report the sequencing and manual annotation of the Gerris buenoi (G. buenoi) genome; the first water strider genome to be sequenced thus far. The size of the G. buenoi genome is approximately 1,000 Mb, and this sequencing effort has recovered 20,949 predicted protein-coding genes. Manual annotation uncovered a number of local (tandem and proximal) gene duplications and expansions of gene families known for their importance in a variety of processes associated with morphological and physiological adaptations to a water surface lifestyle. These expansions may affect key processes associated with growth, vision, desiccation resistance, detoxification, olfaction and epigenetic regulation. Strikingly, the G. buenoi genome contains three insulin receptors, suggesting key changes in the rewiring and function of the insulin pathway. Other genomic changes affecting with opsin genes may be associated with wavelength sensitivity shifts in opsins, which is likely to be key in facilitating specific adaptations in vision for diverse water habitats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that local gene duplications might have played an important role during the evolution of water striders. Along with these findings, the sequencing of the G. buenoi genome now provides us the opportunity to pursue exciting research opportunities to further understand the genomic underpinnings of traits associated with the extreme body plan and life history of water striders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Armisén
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Rajendhran Rajakumar
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-3610 USA
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Joshua B. Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 318 College Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006 USA
| | - Hugh M. Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Kristen A. Panfilio
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Monica F. Poelchau
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Hsu Chao
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Huyen Dinh
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Harsha Vardhan Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Shannon Dugan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Daniel S. T. Hughes
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Yi Han
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Sandra L. Lee
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Shwetha C. Murali
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jiaxin Qu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Kim C. Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | | | - Ehab Abouheif
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1 Canada
| | - François Bonneton
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Travis Chen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1 Canada
| | - Li-Mei Chiang
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | | | - Andrew G. Cridge
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Antonin J. J. Crumière
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Amelie Decaras
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Elise M. Didion
- Department of Biological Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 318 College Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006 USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Duncan
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Elena N. Elpidina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Marie-Julie Favé
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1 Canada
| | - Cédric Finet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Chris G. C. Jacobs
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Emily C. Jennings
- Department of Biological Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 318 College Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006 USA
| | - Jeffery W. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Maryna P. Lesoway
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1 Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa Ancon, Panama City, Panama
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Russia
| | - Mackenzie R. Lovegrove
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Martynov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Russia
| | - Brenda Oppert
- USDA ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS-66502 USA
| | - Angelica Lillico-Ouachour
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1 Canada
| | - Arjuna Rajakumar
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1 Canada
| | - Peter Nagui Refki
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionsbiologie, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Rosendale
- Department of Biological Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 318 College Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006 USA
| | - Maria Emilia Santos
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - William Toubiana
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Maurijn van der Zee
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iris M. Vargas Jentzsch
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aidamalia Vargas Lowman
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Severine Viala
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Stephen Richards
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Abderrahman Khila
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Kairamkonda S, Nongthomba U. Beadex, a Drosophila LIM domain only protein, function in follicle cells is essential for egg development and fertility. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:97-103. [PMID: 29580687 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
LIM domain, constituted by two tandem C2H2 zinc finger motif, proteins regulate several biological processes. They are usually found associated with various functional domains like Homeodomain, kinase domain and other protein binding domains. LIM proteins that are devoid of other domains are called LIM only proteins (LMO). LMO proteins were first identified in humans and are implicated in development and oncogenesis. They regulate various cell specifications by regulating the activity of respective transcriptional complexes. The Drosophila LMO protein (dLMO), Beadex (Bx), regulates various developmental processes like wing margin development and bristle development. It also regulates Drosophila behavior in response to cocaine and ethanol. We have previously generated Bx null flies and shown its essential function in neurons for multiple aspects of female reproduction. However, it was not known whether Bx affects reproduction through its independent function in ovaries. In this paper we show that female flies null for Bx lay eggs with multiple defects. Further, through knock down studies we demonstrate that function of Bx in follicle cells is required for normal egg development. We also show that function of Bx is particularly required in border cells for Drosophila fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Kairamkonda
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Apterous A modulates wing size, bristle formation and patterning in Nilaparvata lugens. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10526. [PMID: 25995006 PMCID: PMC4440214 DOI: 10.1038/srep10526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apterous A (apA), a member of the LIM-homeobox gene family, plays a critical role in the development of wing. The achaete-scute Complex (AS-C) encodes basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors and functions in bristle development. In the present study, we cloned apA (NlapA) and an achaete-scute homologue (NlASH) from N. lugens. Levels of NlapA and NlASH were higher in nymphs than adults, with particularly high expression in the thorax of nymphs. NlapA expressed more highly in nymphs of the macropterous strain (MS) than those of the brachypterous strain (BS) at 2nd and 4th instar. Knockdown of NlapA and NlASH in vivo generated similar phenotypic defects in the wing (loss-of-bristles, twisted or erect wing). Silencing of NlapA in nymphs of MS led to decreased wing size in adults. Moreover, depletion of NlapA suppressed expression of NlDl, Nlsal, Nlser, Nlvg and Nlwg, both in MS and BS, but induced differential responses of Nlubx and Nlnotch expression between MS and BS. Notably, expression of NlASH was regulated by NlapA. These results collectively indicate that NlapA is an upstream modulator of wing size, bristle formation and patterning. Further studies on DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions are required to elucidate NlapA-mediated regulation of wing development.
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Kairamkonda S, Nongthomba U. Beadex function in the motor neurons is essential for female reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113003. [PMID: 25396431 PMCID: PMC4232528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has served as an excellent model system for understanding the neuronal circuits and molecular mechanisms regulating complex behaviors. The Drosophila female reproductive circuits, in particular, are well studied and can be used as a tool to understand the role of novel genes in neuronal function in general and female reproduction in particular. In the present study, the role of Beadex, a transcription co-activator, in Drosophila female reproduction was assessed by generation of mutant and knock down studies. Null allele of Beadex was generated by transposase induced excision of P-element present within an intron of Beadex gene. The mutant showed highly compromised reproductive abilities as evaluated by reduced fecundity and fertility, abnormal oviposition and more importantly, the failure of sperm release from storage organs. However, no defect was found in the overall ovariole development. Tissue specific, targeted knock down of Beadex indicated that its function in neurons is important for efficient female reproduction, since its neuronal knock down led to compromised female reproductive abilities, similar to Beadex null females. Further, different neuronal class specific knock down studies revealed that Beadex function is required in motor neurons for normal fecundity and fertility of females. Thus, the present study attributes a novel and essential role for Beadex in female reproduction through neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Kairamkonda
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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10
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Coolen M, Katz S, Bally-Cuif L. miR-9: a versatile regulator of neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:220. [PMID: 24312010 PMCID: PMC3834235 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soon after its discovery, microRNA-9 (miR-9) attracted the attention of neurobiologists, since it is one of the most highly expressed microRNAs in the developing and adult vertebrate brain. Functional analyses in different vertebrate species have revealed a prominent role of this microRNA in balancing proliferation in embryonic neural progenitor populations. Key transcriptional regulators such as FoxG1, Hes1 or Tlx, were identified as direct targets of miR-9, placing it at the core of the gene network controlling the progenitor state. Recent data also suggest that this function could extend to adult neural stem cells. Other studies point to a role of miR-9 in differentiated neurons. Moreover miR-9 has been implicated in human brain pathologies, either displaying a protective role, such as in Progeria, or participating in disease progression in brain cancers. Altogether functional studies highlight a prominent feature of this highly conserved microRNA, its functional versatility, both along its evolutionary history and across cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Coolen
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Team, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Development, Institute of Neurobiology Alfred Fessard, CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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11
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Hainaut M, Sagnier T, Berenger H, Pradel J, Graba Y, Miotto B. The MYST-containing protein Chameau is required for proper sensory organ specification during Drosophila thorax morphogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32882. [PMID: 22412942 PMCID: PMC3295779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult thorax of Drosophila melanogaster is covered by a stereotyped pattern of mechanosensory bristles called macrochaetes. Here, we report that the MYST containing protein Chameau (Chm) contributes to the establishment of this pattern in the most dorsal part of the thorax. Chm mutant pupae present extra-dorsocentral (DC) and scutellar (SC) macrochaetes, but a normal number of the other macrochaetes. We provide evidences that chm restricts the singling out of sensory organ precursors from proneural clusters and genetically interacts with transcriptional regulators involved in the regulation of achaete and scute in the DC and SC proneural cluster. This function of chm likely relies on chromatin structure regulation since a protein with a mutation in the conserved catalytic site fails to rescue the formation of supernumerary DC and SC bristles in chm mutant flies. This is further supported by the finding that mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers and remodeling factors, including Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) members, dominantly modulate the penetrance of chm extra bristle phenotype. These data support a critical role for chromatin structure modulation in the establishment of the stereotyped sensory bristle pattern in the fly thorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Hainaut
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy, CNRS UMR6216/Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Sagnier
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy, CNRS UMR6216/Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Berenger
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy, CNRS UMR6216/Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Pradel
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy, CNRS UMR6216/Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Yacine Graba
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy, CNRS UMR6216/Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (YG); (BM)
| | - Benoit Miotto
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy, CNRS UMR6216/Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (YG); (BM)
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12
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Asprer JST, Lee B, Wu CS, Vadakkan T, Dickinson ME, Lu HC, Lee SK. LMO4 functions as a co-activator of neurogenin 2 in the developing cortex. Development 2011; 138:2823-32. [PMID: 21652654 DOI: 10.1242/dev.061879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The proneural protein neurogenin 2 (NGN2) is a key transcription factor in regulating both neurogenesis and neuronal radial migration in the embryonic cerebral cortex. However, the co-factors that support the action of NGN2 in the cortex remain unclear. Here, we show that the LIM-only protein LMO4 functions as a novel co-factor of NGN2 in the developing cortex. LMO4 and its binding partner nuclear LIM interactor (NLI/LDB1/CLIM2) interact with NGN2 simultaneously, forming a multi-protein transcription complex. This complex is recruited to the E-box containing enhancers of NGN2-target genes, which regulate various aspects of cortical development, and activates NGN2-mediated transcription. Correspondingly, analysis of Lmo4-null embryos shows that the loss of LMO4 leads to impairments of neuronal differentiation in the cortex. In addition, expression of LMO4 facilitates NGN2-mediated radial migration of cortical neurons in the embryonic cortex. Our results indicate that LMO4 promotes the acquisition of cortical neuronal identities by forming a complex with NGN2 and subsequently activating NGN2-dependent gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S T Asprer
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Bronstein R, Segal D. Modularity of CHIP/LDB transcription complexes regulates cell differentiation. Fly (Austin) 2011; 5:200-5. [PMID: 21406967 DOI: 10.4161/fly.5.3.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription is the first step through which the cell operates, via its repertoire of transcription complexes, to direct cellular functions and cellular identity by generating the cell-specific transcriptome. The modularity of the composition of constituents of these complexes allows the cell to delicately regulate its transcriptome. In a recent study we have examined the effects of reducing the levels of specific transcription co-factors on the function of two competing transcription complexes, namely CHIP-AP and CHIP-PNR which regulate development of cells in the thorax of Drosophila. We found that changing the availability of these co-factors can shift the balance between these complexes leading to transition from utilization of CHIP-AP to CHIP-PNR. This is reflected in change in the expression profile of target genes, altering developmental cell fates. We propose that such a mechanism may operate in normal fly development. Transcription complexes analogous to CHIP-AP and CHIP-PNR exist in mammals and we discuss how such a shift in the balance between them may operate in normal mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Bronstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Isogai E, Ohira M, Ozaki T, Oba S, Nakamura Y, Nakagawara A. Oncogenic LMO3 collaborates with HEN2 to enhance neuroblastoma cell growth through transactivation of Mash1. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19297. [PMID: 21573214 PMCID: PMC3088666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of Mash1 is dysregulated in human neuroblastoma. We have also reported that LMO3 (LIM-only protein 3) has an oncogenic potential in collaboration with neuronal transcription factor HEN2 in neuroblastoma. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of its transcriptional regulation remain elusive. Here we found that LMO3 forms a complex with HEN2 and acts as an upstream mediator for transcription of Mash1 in neuroblastoma. The high levels of LMO3 or Mash1 mRNA expression were significantly associated with poor prognosis in 100 primary neuroblastomas. The up-regulation of Mash1 remarkably accelerated the proliferation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, while siRNA-mediated knockdown of LMO3 induced inhibition of growth of SH-SY5Y cells in association with a significant down-regulation of Mash1. Additionally, overexpression of both LMO3 and HEN2 induced expression of Mash1, suggesting that they might function as a transcriptional activator for Mash1. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the co-expression of LMO3 and HEN2 attenuates HES1 (a negative regulator for Mash1)-dependent reduction of luciferase activity driven by the Mash1 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that LMO3 and HEN2 reduce the amount of HES1 recruited onto putative HES1-binding sites and E-box within the Mash1 promoter. Furthermore, both LMO3 and HEN2 are physically associated with HES1 by immunoprecipitation assay. Thus, our present results suggest that a transcriptional complex of LMO3 and HEN2 may contribute to the genesis and malignant phenotype of neuroblastoma by inhibiting HES1 which suppresses the transactivation of Mash1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Isogai
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miki Ohira
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ozaki
- Laboratory of Anti-Tumor Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Oba
- Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Bronstein R, Levkovitz L, Yosef N, Yanku M, Ruppin E, Sharan R, Westphal H, Oliver B, Segal D. Transcriptional regulation by CHIP/LDB complexes. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001063. [PMID: 20730086 PMCID: PMC2921152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that transcription factors play versatile roles in turning genes "on" or "off" depending on cellular context via the various transcription complexes they form. This poses a major challenge in unraveling combinatorial transcription complex codes. Here we use the powerful genetics of Drosophila combined with microarray and bioinformatics analyses to tackle this challenge. The nuclear adaptor CHIP/LDB is a major developmental regulator capable of forming tissue-specific transcription complexes with various types of transcription factors and cofactors, making it a valuable model to study the intricacies of gene regulation. To date only few CHIP/LDB complexes target genes have been identified, and possible tissue-dependent crosstalk between these complexes has not been rigorously explored. SSDP proteins protect CHIP/LDB complexes from proteasome dependent degradation and are rate-limiting cofactors for these complexes. By using mutations in SSDP, we identified 189 down-stream targets of CHIP/LDB and show that these genes are enriched for the binding sites of APTEROUS (AP) and PANNIER (PNR), two well studied transcription factors associated with CHIP/LDB complexes. We performed extensive genetic screens and identified target genes that genetically interact with components of CHIP/LDB complexes in directing the development of the wings (28 genes) and thoracic bristles (23 genes). Moreover, by in vivo RNAi silencing we uncovered novel roles for two of the target genes, xbp1 and Gs-alpha, in early development of these structures. Taken together, our results suggest that loss of SSDP disrupts the normal balance between the CHIP-AP and the CHIP-PNR transcription complexes, resulting in down-regulation of CHIP-AP target genes and the concomitant up-regulation of CHIP-PNR target genes. Understanding the combinatorial nature of transcription complexes as presented here is crucial to the study of transcription regulation of gene batteries required for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Bronstein
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Levkovitz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Balvatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Yosef
- Balvatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michaela Yanku
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Balvatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roded Sharan
- Balvatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Heiner Westphal
- Section on Mammalian Molecular Genetics, Program in Genomics of Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Oliver
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Segal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Smibert P, Lai EC. A view from Drosophila: multiple biological functions for individual microRNAs. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:745-53. [PMID: 20211749 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise an extensive class of post-transcriptional regulatory molecules in higher eukaryotes. Intensive research in Drosophila has revealed that miRNAs control myriad developmental and physiological processes. Interestingly, several of the best-studied miRNAs impact multiple biological processes, often by regulating distinct key target genes in each setting. Here we discuss the roles of some of these pleiotropic miRNAs, and their implications for studying and interpreting the roles of miRNAs in gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smibert
- Department of Developmental Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Ave, Box 252, New York, NY 10065, USA
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17
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miR-9a prevents apoptosis during wing development by repressing Drosophila LIM-only. Dev Biol 2009; 338:63-73. [PMID: 19944676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss of Drosophila mir-9a induces a subtle increase in sensory bristles, but a substantial loss of wing tissue. Here, we establish that the latter phenotype is largely due to ectopic apoptosis in the dorsal wing primordium, and we could rescue wing development in the absence of this microRNA by dorsal-specific inhibition of apoptosis. Such apoptosis was a consequence of de-repressing Drosophila LIM-only (dLMO), which encodes a transcriptional regulator of wing and neural development. We observed cell-autonomous elevation of endogenous dLMO and a GFP-dLMO 3'UTR sensor in mir-9a mutant wing clones, and heterozygosity for dLMO rescued the apoptosis and wing defects of mir-9a mutants. We also provide evidence that dLMO, in addition to senseless, contributes to the bristle defects of the mir-9a mutant. Unexpectedly, the upregulation of dLMO, loss of Cut, and adult wing margin defects seen with mir-9a mutant clones were not recapitulated by clonal loss of the miRNA biogenesis factors Dicer-1 or Pasha, even though these mutant conditions similarly de-repressed miR-9a and dLMO sensor transgenes. Therefore, the failure to observe a phenotype upon conditional knockout of a miRNA processing factor does not reliably indicate the lack of critical roles of miRNAs in a given setting.
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18
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Biryukova I, Asmar J, Abdesselem H, Heitzler P. Drosophila mir-9a regulates wing development via fine-tuning expression of the LIM only factor, dLMO. Dev Biol 2009; 327:487-96. [PMID: 19162004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding endogenous RNAs that are implicated in regulating various aspects of plants and animal development, however their functions in organogenesis are largely unknown. Here we report that mir-9a belonging to the mir-9 family, regulates Drosophila wing development through a functional target site in the 3' untranslated region of the Drosophila LIM only protein, dLMO. dLMO is a transcription cofactor, that directly inhibits the activity of Apterous, the LIM-HD factor required for the proper dorsal identity of the wings. Deletions of the 3' untranslated region, including the mir-9a site, generate gain-of-function dLMO mutants (Beadex) associated with high levels of dLMO mRNA and protein. Beadex mutants lack wing margins, a phenotype also observed in null mir-9a mutants. We found that mir-9a and dLMO are co-expressed in wing discs and interact genetically for controlling wing development. Lack of mir-9a results in overexpression of dLMO, while gain-of-function mir-9a mutant suppresses dLMO expression. These data indicate that a function of mir-9a is to ensure the appropriate stoichiometry of dLMO during Drosophila wing development. The mir-9a binding site is conserved in the human counterpart LMO2, the T-cell acute leukemia oncogene, suggesting that mir-9 might apply a similar strategy to maintain LMO2 expression under a detrimental threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Biryukova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
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19
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Nichols DH, Pauley S, Jahan I, Beisel KW, Millen KJ, Fritzsch B. Lmx1a is required for segregation of sensory epithelia and normal ear histogenesis and morphogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 334:339-58. [PMID: 18985389 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
At embryonic day 8.5, the LIM-homeodomain factor Lmx1a is expressed throughout the otic placode but becomes developmentally restricted to non-sensory epithelia of the ear (endolymphatic duct, ductus reuniens, cochlea lateral wall). We confirm here that the ears of newborn dreher (Lmx1a (dr)) mutants are dysmorphic. Hair cell markers such as Atoh1 and Myo7 reveal, for the first time, that newborn Lmx1a mutants have only three sensory epithelia: two enlarged canal cristae and one fused epithelium comprising an amalgamation of the cochlea, saccule, and utricle (a "cochlear-gravistatic" endorgan). The enlarged anterior canal crista develops by fusion of horizontal and anterior crista, whereas the posterior crista fuses with an enlarged papilla neglecta that may extend into the cochlear lateral wall. In the fused endorgan, the cochlear region is distinguished from the vestibular region by markers such as Gata3, the presence of a tectorial membrane, and cochlea-specific innervation. The cochlea-like apex displays minor disorganization of the hair and supporting cells. This contrasts with the basal half of the cochlear region, which shows a vestibular epithelium-like organization of hair cells and supporting cells. The dismorphic features of the cochlea are also reflected in altered gene expression patterns. Fgf8 expression expands from inner hair cells in the apex to most hair cells in the base. Two supporting cell marker proteins, Sox2 and Prox1, also differ in their cellular distribution between the base and the apex. Sox2 expression expands in mutant canal cristae prior to their enlargement and fusion and displays a more diffuse and widespread expression in the base of the cochlear region, whereas Prox1 is not detected in the base. These changes in Sox2 and Prox1 expression suggest that Lmx1a expression restricts and sharpens Sox2 expression, thereby defining non-sensory and sensory epithelium. The adult Lmx1a mutant organ of Corti shows a loss of cochlear hair cells, suggesting that the long-term maintenance of hair cells is also disrupted in these mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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20
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Biryukova I, Heitzler P. Drosophila C-terminal binding protein, dCtBP is required for sensory organ prepattern and sharpens proneural transcriptional activity of the GATA factor Pnr. Dev Biol 2008; 323:64-75. [PMID: 18773887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system is required for animals to detect and to relay environmental stimuli to central nervous system for the information processing. In Drosophila, the precise spatial and temporal expression of two proneural genes achaete (ac) and scute (sc), is necessary for development of the sensory organs. Here we present an evidence that the transcription co-repressor, dCtBP acts as a negative regulator of sensory organ prepattern. Loss of dCtBP function mutant exhibits ectopic sensory organs, while overexpression of dCtBP results in a dramatic loss of sensory organs. These phenotypes are correlated with mis-emerging of sensory organ precursors and perturbated expression of proneural transcription activator Ac. Mammalian CtBP-1 was identified via interaction with the consensus motif PXDLSX(K/R) of adenovirus E1A oncoprotein. We demonstrated that dCtBP binds directly to PLDLS motif of Drosophila Friend of GATA-1 protein, U-shaped and sharpens the adult sensory organ development. Moreover, we found that dCtBP mediates multivalent interaction with the GATA transcriptional activator Pannier and acts as a direct co-repressor of the Pannier-mediated activation of proneural genes. We demonstrated that Pannier genetically interacts with dCtBP-interacting protein HDAC1, suggesting that the dCtBP-dependent regulation of Pannier activity could utilize a repressive mechanism involving alteration of local chromatine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Biryukova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie, Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch Cedex, BP 10142, France.
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21
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Drosophila LIM-only is a positive regulator of transcription during thoracic bristle development. Genetics 2008; 179:1989-99. [PMID: 18689881 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.108.090076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila LIM-only (LMO) protein DLMO functions as a negative regulator of transcription during development of the fly wing. Here we report a novel role of DLMO as a positive regulator of transcription during the development of thoracic sensory bristles. We isolated new dlmo mutants, which lack some thoracic dorsocentral (DC) bristles. This phenotype is typical of malfunction of a thoracic multiprotein transcription complex, composed of CHIP, PANNIER (PNR), ACHAETE (AC), and DAUGHTERLESS (DA). Genetic interactions reveal that dlmo synergizes with pnr and ac to promote the development of thoracic DC bristles. Moreover, loss-of-function of dlmo reduces the expression of a reporter target gene of this complex in vivo. Using the GAL4-UAS system we also show that dlmo is spatially expressed where this complex is known to be active. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-pulldown assays showed that DLMO can physically bind CHIP and PNR through either of the two LIM domains of DLMO, suggesting that DLMO might function as part of this transcription complex in vivo. We propose that DLMO exerts its positive effect on DC bristle development by serving as a bridging molecule between components of the thoracic transcription complex.
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