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Stock AJ, Gonzalez Paredes P, de Almeida LP, Kosanke SD, Chetlur S, Budde H, Wakenight P, Zwingman TA, Rosen AB, Allenspach EJ, Millen KJ, Buckner JH, Rawlings DJ, Gorman JA. The IFIH1-A946T risk variant promotes diabetes in a sex-dependent manner. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349601. [PMID: 38487540 PMCID: PMC10937421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet β-cells are attacked by the immune system, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. One of the top non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with T1D is in the interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 (IFIH1), which encodes an anti-viral cytosolic RNA sensor. This SNP results in an alanine to threonine substitution at amino acid 946 (IFIH1A946T) and confers an increased risk for several autoimmune diseases, including T1D. We hypothesized that the IFIH1A946T risk variant, (IFIH1R) would promote T1D pathogenesis by stimulating type I interferon (IFN I) signaling leading to immune cell alterations. To test this, we developed Ifih1R knock-in mice on the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse background, a spontaneous T1D model. Our results revealed a modest increase in diabetes incidence and insulitis in Ifih1R compared to non-risk Ifih1 (Ifih1NR) mice and a significant acceleration of diabetes onset in Ifih1R females. Ifih1R mice exhibited a significantly enhanced interferon stimulated gene (ISG) signature compared to Ifih1NR, indicative of increased IFN I signaling. Ifih1R mice exhibited an increased frequency of plasma cells as well as tissue-dependent changes in the frequency and activation of CD8+ T cells. Our results indicate that IFIH1R may contribute to T1D pathogenesis by altering the frequency and activation of immune cells. These findings advance our knowledge on the connection between the rs1990760 variant and T1D. Further, these data are the first to demonstrate effects of Ifih1R in NOD mice, which will be important to consider for the development of therapeutics for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Stock
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Pierina Gonzalez Paredes
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | | | - Stanley D. Kosanke
- Heartland Veterinary Pathology Services, PLLC, Edmond, OK, United States
| | - Srinivaas Chetlur
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hannah Budde
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Theresa A. Zwingman
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aaron B.I. Rosen
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Eric J. Allenspach
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Center for Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David J. Rawlings
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jacquelyn A. Gorman
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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2
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Stock AJ, Gonzalez-Paredes P, Previato de Almeida L, Kosanke SD, Chetlur S, Budde H, Wakenight P, Zwingman TA, Rosen AB, Allenspach E, Millen KJ, Buckner JH, Rawlings DJ, Gorman JA. The IFIH1-A946T risk variant promotes diabetes in a sex-dependent manner. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.20.576482. [PMID: 38328221 PMCID: PMC10849491 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet β-cells are attacked by the immune system, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. One of the top non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with T1D is in the interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 ( IFIH1 ), which encodes an anti-viral cytosolic RNA sensor. This SNP results in an alanine to threonine substitution at amino acid 946 (IFIH1 A946T ) and confers an increased risk for several autoimmune diseases, including T1D. We hypothesized that the IFIH1 A946T risk variant, ( IFIH1 R ) would promote T1D pathogenesis by stimulating type I interferon (IFN I) signaling leading to immune cell alterations. To test this, we developed Ifih1 R knock-in mice on the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse background, a spontaneous T1D model. Our results revealed a modest increase in diabetes incidence and insulitis in Ifih1 R compared to non-risk Ifih1 ( Ifih1 NR ) mice and a significant acceleration of diabetes onset in Ifih1 R females. Ifih1 R mice exhibited a significantly enhanced interferon stimulated gene (ISG) signature compared to Ifih1 NR , indicative of increased IFN I signaling. Ifih1 R mice exhibited an increased frequency of plasma cells as well as tissue-dependent changes in the frequency and activation of CD8 + T cells. Our results indicate that IFIH1 R may contribute to T1D pathogenesis by altering the frequency and activation of immune cells. These findings advance our knowledge on the connection between the rs1990760 variant and T1D. Further, these data are the first to demonstrate effects of Ifih1 R in NOD mice, which will be important to consider for the development of therapeutics for T1D.
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Alves CAPF, Sidpra J, Manteghinejad A, Sudhakar S, Massey FV, Aldinger KA, Haldipur P, Lucato LT, Ferraciolli SF, Teixeira SR, Öztekin Ö, Bhattacharya D, Taranath A, Prabhu SP, Mirsky DM, Andronikou S, Millen KJ, Barkovich AJ, Boltshauser E, Dobyns WB, Barkovich MJ, Whitehead MT, Mankad K. Dandy-Walker Phenotype with Brainstem Involvement: 2 Distinct Subgroups with Different Prognosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1201-1207. [PMID: 37591769 PMCID: PMC10549954 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although cardinal imaging features for the diagnostic criteria of the Dandy-Walker phenotype have been recently defined, there is a large range of unreported malformations among these patients. The brainstem, in particular, deserves careful attention because malformations in this region have potentially important implications for clinical outcomes. In this article, we offer detailed information on the association of brainstem dysgenesis in a large, multicentric cohort of patients with the Dandy-Walker phenotype, defining different subtypes of involvement and their potential clinical impact. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this established multicenter cohort of 329 patients with the Dandy-Walker phenotype, we include and retrospectively review the MR imaging studies and clinical records of 73 subjects with additional brainstem malformations. Detailed evaluation of the different patterns of brainstem involvement and their potential clinical implications, along with comparisons between posterior fossa measurements for the diagnosis of the Dandy-Walker phenotype, was performed among the different subgroups of patients with brainstem involvement. RESULTS There were 2 major forms of brainstem involvement in patients with Dandy-Walker phenotype including the following: 1) the mild form with anteroposterior disproportions of the brainstem structures "only" (57/73; 78%), most frequently with pontine hypoplasia (44/57; 77%), and 2) the severe form with patients with tegmental dysplasia with folding, bumps, and/or clefts (16/73; 22%). Patients with severe forms of brainstem malformation had significantly increased rates of massive ventriculomegaly, additional malformations involving the corpus callosum and gray matter, and interhemispheric cysts. Clinically, patients with the severe form had significantly increased rates of bulbar dysfunction, seizures, and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Additional brainstem malformations in patients with the Dandy-Walker phenotype can be divided into 2 major subgroups: mild and severe. The severe form, though less prevalent, has characteristic imaging features, including tegmental folding, bumps, and clefts, and is directly associated with a more severe clinical presentation and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A P F Alves
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Sidpra
- Unit of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Manteghinejad
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - S Sudhakar
- Unit of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - F V Massey
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery (F.V.M.), National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - K A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - P Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - L T Lucato
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (L.T.L., S.F.F.), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S F Ferraciolli
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (L.T.L., S.F.F.), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Teixeira
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ö Öztekin
- Department of Neuroradiology (Ö.Ö.), Bakırçay University, Çiğli Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.B.), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - A Taranath
- Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S P Prabhu
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (S.P.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D M Mirsky
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (D.M.M.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S Andronikou
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - K J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - A J Barkovich
- Department of Neuroradiology (A.J.B., M.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - E Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.B.), University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W B Dobyns
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism (W.B.D.), University of Minnesota, Minneaplis, Minnesota
| | - M J Barkovich
- Department of Neuroradiology (A.J.B., M.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - M T Whitehead
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - K Mankad
- Unit of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Nguyen ED, Fard VN, Kim BY, Collins S, Galey M, Nelson BR, Wakenight P, Gable SM, McKenna A, Bammler TK, MacDonald J, Okamura DM, Shendure J, Beier DR, Ramirez JM, Majesky MW, Millen KJ, Tollis M, Miller DE. Genome Report: chromosome-scale genome assembly of the African spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:jkad177. [PMID: 37552705 PMCID: PMC10542272 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the African spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) as a model organism because of its ability for regeneration of tissue after injury in skin, muscle, and internal organs such as the kidneys. A high-quality reference genome is needed to better understand these regenerative properties at the molecular level. Here, we present an improved reference genome for A. cahirinus generated from long Nanopore sequencing reads. We confirm the quality of our annotations using RNA sequencing data from 4 different tissues. Our genome is of higher contiguity and quality than previously reported genomes from this species and will facilitate ongoing efforts to better understand the regenerative properties of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dong Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Vahid Nikoonejad Fard
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Bernard Y Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah Collins
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Miranda Galey
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Branden R Nelson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Simone M Gable
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03755, USA
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jim MacDonald
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daryl M Okamura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David R Beier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jan Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Marc Tollis
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Danny E Miller
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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5
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Butler DF, Skibo J, Traudt CM, Millen KJ. Neonatal subarachnoid hemorrhage disrupts multiple aspects of cerebellar development. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1161086. [PMID: 37187957 PMCID: PMC10175619 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1161086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, survival rates for extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs; <28 weeks gestation) has markedly improved. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of ELGANs will suffer from neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Cerebellar hemorrhagic injury (CHI) has been increasingly recognized in the ELGANs population and may contribute to neurologic dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we developed a novel model of early isolated posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in neonatal mice and investigated both acute and long-term effects. Following SAH on postnatal day 6 (P6), we found significant decreased levels of proliferation with the external granular layer (EGL), thinning of the EGL, decreased Purkinje cell (PC) density, and increased Bergmann glial (BG) fiber crossings at P8. At P42, CHI resulted in decreased PC density, decreased molecular layer interneuron (MLI) density, and increased BG fiber crossings. Results from both Rotarod and inverted screen assays did not demonstrate significant effects on motor strength or learning at P35-38. Treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug Ketoprofen did not significantly alter our findings after CHI, suggesting that treatment of neuro-inflammation does not provide significant neuroprotection post CHI. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the mechanisms through which CHI disrupts cerebellar developmental programming in order to develop therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection in ELGANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Butler
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jonathan Skibo
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA, United States
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6
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Nguyen ED, Fard VN, Kim BY, Collins S, Galey M, Nelson BR, Wakenight P, Gable SM, McKenna A, Bammler TK, MacDonald J, Okamura DM, Shendure J, Beier DR, Ramirez JM, Majesky MW, Millen KJ, Tollis M, Miller DE. GENOME REPORT: Chromosome-scale genome assembly of the African spiny mouse ( Acomys cahirinus ). bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.03.535372. [PMID: 37066261 PMCID: PMC10103962 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the African spiny mouse ( Acomys cahirinus ) as a model organism because of its ability for regeneration of tissue after injury in skin, muscle, and internal organs such as the kidneys. A high-quality reference genome is needed to better understand these regenerative properties at the molecular level. Here, we present an improved reference genome for A. cahirinus generated from long Nanopore sequencing reads. We confirm the quality of our annotations using RNA sequencing data from four different tissues. Our genome is of higher contiguity and quality than previously reported genomes from this species and will facilitate ongoing efforts to better understand the regenerative properties of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dong Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Vahid Nikoonejad Fard
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Bernard Y. Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sarah Collins
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Miranda Galey
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Branden R. Nelson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Simone M. Gable
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Aaron McKenna
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH
| | - Theo K. Bammler
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jim MacDonald
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daryl M. Okamura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David R. Beier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Jan Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Mark W. Majesky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Marc Tollis
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Danny E. Miller
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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7
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Butler DF, Skibo J, Traudt CM, Millen KJ. Neonatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Disrupts Multiple Aspects of Cerebellar Development. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.10.528048. [PMID: 36798230 PMCID: PMC9934646 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, survival rates for extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs; <28 weeks gestation) has markedly improved. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of ELGANs will suffer from neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Cerebellar hemorrhagic injury (CHI) has been increasingly recognized in the ELGANs population and may contribute to neurologic dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we developed a novel model of early isolated posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in neonatal mice and investigated both acute and long-term effects. Following SAH on postnatal day 6 (P6), we found significant decreased levels of proliferation with the external granular layer (EGL), thinning of the EGL, decreased Purkinje cell (PC) density, and increased Bergmann glial (BG) fiber crossings at P8. At P42, CHI resulted in decreased PC density, decreased molecular layer interneuron (MLI) density, and increased BG fiber crossings. Results from both Rotarod and inverted screen assays did not demonstrate significant effects on motor strength or learning at P35-38. Treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug Ketoprofen did not significantly alter our findings after CHI, suggesting that treatment of neuro-inflammation does not provide significant neuroprotection post CHI. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the mechanisms through which CHI disrupts cerebellar developmental programming in order to develop therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection in ELGANs.
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Hendrikse LD, Haldipur P, Saulnier O, Millman J, Sjoboen AH, Erickson AW, Ong W, Gordon V, Coudière-Morrison L, Mercier AL, Shokouhian M, Suárez RA, Ly M, Borlase S, Scott DS, Vladoiu MC, Farooq H, Sirbu O, Nakashima T, Nambu S, Funakoshi Y, Bahcheli A, Diaz-Mejia JJ, Golser J, Bach K, Phuong-Bao T, Skowron P, Wang EY, Kumar SA, Balin P, Visvanathan A, Lee JJY, Ayoub R, Chen X, Chen X, Mungall KL, Luu B, Bérubé P, Wang YC, Pfister SM, Kim SK, Delattre O, Bourdeaut F, Doz F, Masliah-Planchon J, Grajkowska WA, Loukides J, Dirks P, Fèvre-Montange M, Jouvet A, French PJ, Kros JM, Zitterbart K, Bailey SD, Eberhart CG, Rao AAN, Giannini C, Olson JM, Garami M, Hauser P, Phillips JJ, Ra YS, de Torres C, Mora J, Li KKW, Ng HK, Poon WS, Pollack IF, López-Aguilar E, Gillespie GY, Van Meter TE, Shofuda T, Vibhakar R, Thompson RC, Cooper MK, Rubin JB, Kumabe T, Jung S, Lach B, Iolascon A, Ferrucci V, de Antonellis P, Zollo M, Cinalli G, Robinson S, Stearns DS, Van Meir EG, Porrati P, Finocchiaro G, Massimino M, Carlotti CG, Faria CC, Roussel MF, Boop F, Chan JA, Aldinger KA, Razavi F, Silvestri E, McLendon RE, Thompson EM, Ansari M, Garre ML, Chico F, Eguía P, Pérezpeña M, Morrissy AS, Cavalli FMG, Wu X, Daniels C, Rich JN, Jones SJM, Moore RA, Marra MA, Huang X, Reimand J, Sorensen PH, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weiss WA, Pugh TJ, Garzia L, Kleinman CL, Stein LD, Jabado N, Malkin D, Ayrault O, Golden JA, Ellison DW, Doble B, Ramaswamy V, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Suzuki H, Millen KJ, Taylor MD. Author Correction: Failure of human rhombic lip differentiation underlies medulloblastoma formation. Nature 2022; 612:E12. [PMID: 36446943 PMCID: PMC10729707 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam D Hendrikse
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivier Saulnier
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake Millman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandria H Sjoboen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anders W Erickson
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Winnie Ong
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Audrey L Mercier
- PSL Research University, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Mohammad Shokouhian
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Raúl A Suárez
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Ly
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Borlase
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David S Scott
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria C Vladoiu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamza Farooq
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga Sirbu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takuma Nakashima
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nambu
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Funakoshi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alec Bahcheli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Javier Diaz-Mejia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Golser
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen Bach
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tram Phuong-Bao
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan Y Wang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachin A Kumar
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polina Balin
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abhirami Visvanathan
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John J Y Lee
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramy Ayoub
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Bérubé
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu C Wang
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Olivier Delattre
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Doz
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - James Loukides
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Dirks
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Fèvre-Montange
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Anne Jouvet
- Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Masaryk University School of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Swneke D Bailey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amulya A N Rao
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miklós Garami
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Hauser
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Young S Ra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kay K W Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wai S Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enrique López-Aguilar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Pediatría Centro Médico Nacional century XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Timothy E Van Meter
- Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealthy University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tomoko Shofuda
- Division of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael K Cooper
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Departments of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shin Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun-gun, South Korea
| | - Boleslaw Lach
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Anatomical Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualino de Antonellis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Duncan S Stearns
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paola Porrati
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlos G Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frederick Boop
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ferechte Razavi
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Evelina Silvestri
- Surgical Pathology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roger E McLendon
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric M Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marc Ansari
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria L Garre
- U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Fernando Chico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pilar Eguía
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Pérezpeña
- Instituto Nacional De Pediatría de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- INSERM U900, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, PSL Research University, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lincoln D Stein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Adaptive Oncology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- PSL Research University, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Jeffrey A Golden
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brad Doble
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamra E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Whitehead MT, Barkovich MJ, Sidpra J, Alves CA, Mirsky DM, Öztekin Ö, Bhattacharya D, Lucato LT, Sudhakar S, Taranath A, Andronikou S, Prabhu SP, Aldinger KA, Haldipur P, Millen KJ, Barkovich AJ, Boltshauser E, Dobyns WB, Mankad K. Refining the Neuroimaging Definition of the Dandy-Walker Phenotype. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1488-1493. [PMID: 36137655 PMCID: PMC9575531 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The traditionally described Dandy-Walker malformation comprises a range of cerebellar and posterior fossa abnormalities with variable clinical severity. We aimed to establish updated imaging criteria for Dandy-Walker malformation on the basis of cerebellar development. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multicenter study, retrospective MR imaging examinations from fetuses and children previously diagnosed with Dandy-Walker malformation or vermian hypoplasia were re-evaluated, using the choroid plexus/tela choroidea location and the fastigial recess shape to differentiate Dandy-Walker malformation from vermian hypoplasia. Multiple additional measures of the posterior fossa and cerebellum were also obtained and compared between Dandy-Walker malformation and other diagnoses. RESULTS Four hundred forty-six examinations were analyzed (174 fetal and 272 postnatal). The most common diagnoses were Dandy-Walker malformation (78%), vermian hypoplasia (14%), vermian hypoplasia with Blake pouch cyst (9%), and Blake pouch cyst (4%). Most measures were significant differentiators of Dandy-Walker malformation from non-Dandy-Walker malformation both pre- and postnatally (P < .01); the tegmentovermian and fastigial recess angles were the most significant quantitative measures. Posterior fossa perimeter and vascular injury evidence were not significant differentiators pre- or postnatally (P > .3). The superior posterior fossa angle, torcular location, and vermian height differentiated groups postnatally (P < .01), but not prenatally (P > .07). CONCLUSIONS As confirmed by objective measures, the modern Dandy-Walker malformation phenotype is best defined by inferior predominant vermian hypoplasia, an enlarged tegmentovermian angle, inferolateral displacement of the tela choroidea/choroid plexus, an obtuse fastigial recess, and an unpaired caudal lobule. Posterior fossa size and torcular location should be eliminated from the diagnostic criteria. This refined phenotype may help guide future study of the numerous etiologies and varied clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Whitehead
- From the Department of Radiology (M.T.W.)
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute (M.T.W.), Children's National Hospital, Washington DC
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences (M.T.W.), Washington DC
- Division of Neuroradiology (M.T.W., C.A.A., S.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.T.W., S.A), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M J Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.J.B., A.J.B.) University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Neuroradiology Section (M.J.B., A.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco-Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - J Sidpra
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C A Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology (M.T.W., C.A.A., S.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D M Mirsky
- Department of Radiology (D.M.M.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ö Öztekin
- Department of Neuroradiology (Ö.Ö.), Bakırçay University, Çiğli Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.B.), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - L T Lucato
- Division of Diagnostic Neuroradiology (L.T.L.), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Sudhakar
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Taranath
- Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine (A.T.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Andronikou
- Division of Neuroradiology (M.T.W., C.A.A., S.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.T.W., S.A), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - S P Prabhu
- Department of Neuroradiology (S.P.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - K A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - P Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - K J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington School of Medicine (K.J.M.), Seattle, Washington
| | - A J Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.J.B., A.J.B.) University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Neuroradiology Section (M.J.B., A.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco-Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - E Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.B.), University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W B Dobyns
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism (W.B.D.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - K Mankad
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Hendrikse LD, Haldipur P, Saulnier O, Millman J, Sjoboen AH, Erickson AW, Ong W, Gordon V, Coudière-Morrison L, Mercier AL, Shokouhian M, Suárez RA, Ly M, Borlase S, Scott DS, Vladoiu MC, Farooq H, Sirbu O, Nakashima T, Nambu S, Funakoshi Y, Bahcheli A, Diaz-Mejia JJ, Golser J, Bach K, Phuong-Bao T, Skowron P, Wang EY, Kumar SA, Balin P, Visvanathan A, Lee JJY, Ayoub R, Chen X, Chen X, Mungall KL, Luu B, Bérubé P, Wang YC, Pfister SM, Kim SK, Delattre O, Bourdeaut F, Doz F, Masliah-Planchon J, Grajkowska WA, Loukides J, Dirks P, Fèvre-Montange M, Jouvet A, French PJ, Kros JM, Zitterbart K, Bailey SD, Eberhart CG, Rao AAN, Giannini C, Olson JM, Garami M, Hauser P, Phillips JJ, Ra YS, de Torres C, Mora J, Li KKW, Ng HK, Poon WS, Pollack IF, López-Aguilar E, Gillespie GY, Van Meter TE, Shofuda T, Vibhakar R, Thompson RC, Cooper MK, Rubin JB, Kumabe T, Jung S, Lach B, Iolascon A, Ferrucci V, de Antonellis P, Zollo M, Cinalli G, Robinson S, Stearns DS, Van Meir EG, Porrati P, Finocchiaro G, Massimino M, Carlotti CG, Faria CC, Roussel MF, Boop F, Chan JA, Aldinger KA, Razavi F, Silvestri E, McLendon RE, Thompson EM, Ansari M, Garre ML, Chico F, Eguía P, Pérezpeña M, Morrissy AS, Cavalli FMG, Wu X, Daniels C, Rich JN, Jones SJM, Moore RA, Marra MA, Huang X, Reimand J, Sorensen PH, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weiss WA, Pugh TJ, Garzia L, Kleinman CL, Stein LD, Jabado N, Malkin D, Ayrault O, Golden JA, Ellison DW, Doble B, Ramaswamy V, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Suzuki H, Millen KJ, Taylor MD. Failure of human rhombic lip differentiation underlies medulloblastoma formation. Nature 2022; 609:1021-1028. [PMID: 36131014 PMCID: PMC10026724 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) comprises a group of heterogeneous paediatric embryonal neoplasms of the hindbrain with strong links to early development of the hindbrain1-4. Mutations that activate Sonic hedgehog signalling lead to Sonic hedgehog MB in the upper rhombic lip (RL) granule cell lineage5-8. By contrast, mutations that activate WNT signalling lead to WNT MB in the lower RL9,10. However, little is known about the more commonly occurring group 4 (G4) MB, which is thought to arise in the unipolar brush cell lineage3,4. Here we demonstrate that somatic mutations that cause G4 MB converge on the core binding factor alpha (CBFA) complex and mutually exclusive alterations that affect CBFA2T2, CBFA2T3, PRDM6, UTX and OTX2. CBFA2T2 is expressed early in the progenitor cells of the cerebellar RL subventricular zone in Homo sapiens, and G4 MB transcriptionally resembles these progenitors but are stalled in developmental time. Knockdown of OTX2 in model systems relieves this differentiation blockade, which allows MB cells to spontaneously proceed along normal developmental differentiation trajectories. The specific nature of the split human RL, which is destined to generate most of the neurons in the human brain, and its high level of susceptible EOMES+KI67+ unipolar brush cell progenitor cells probably predisposes our species to the development of G4 MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D Hendrikse
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivier Saulnier
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake Millman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandria H Sjoboen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anders W Erickson
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Winnie Ong
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Audrey L Mercier
- PSL Research University, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Mohammad Shokouhian
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Raúl A Suárez
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Ly
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Borlase
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David S Scott
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria C Vladoiu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamza Farooq
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga Sirbu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takuma Nakashima
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nambu
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Funakoshi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alec Bahcheli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Javier Diaz-Mejia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Golser
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen Bach
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tram Phuong-Bao
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan Y Wang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachin A Kumar
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polina Balin
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abhirami Visvanathan
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John J Y Lee
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramy Ayoub
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Bérubé
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu C Wang
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Olivier Delattre
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Doz
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - James Loukides
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Dirks
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Fèvre-Montange
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Anne Jouvet
- Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Masaryk University School of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Swneke D Bailey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amulya A N Rao
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miklós Garami
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Hauser
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Young S Ra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kay K W Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wai S Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enrique López-Aguilar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Pediatría Centro Médico Nacional century XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Timothy E Van Meter
- Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealthy University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tomoko Shofuda
- Division of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael K Cooper
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Departments of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shin Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun-gun, South Korea
| | - Boleslaw Lach
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Anatomical Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualino de Antonellis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Duncan S Stearns
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paola Porrati
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlos G Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frederick Boop
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ferechte Razavi
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Evelina Silvestri
- Surgical Pathology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roger E McLendon
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric M Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marc Ansari
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria L Garre
- U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Fernando Chico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pilar Eguía
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Pérezpeña
- Instituto Nacional De Pediatría de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- INSERM U900, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, PSL Research University, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lincoln D Stein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Adaptive Oncology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- PSL Research University, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Jeffrey A Golden
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brad Doble
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamra E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Smith KS, Bihannic L, Gudenas BL, Haldipur P, Tao R, Gao Q, Li Y, Aldinger KA, Iskusnykh IY, Chizhikov VV, Scoggins M, Zhang S, Edwards A, Deng M, Glass IA, Overman LM, Millman J, Sjoboen AH, Hadley J, Golser J, Mankad K, Sheppard H, Onar-Thomas A, Gajjar A, Robinson GW, Hovestadt V, Orr BA, Patay Z, Millen KJ, Northcott PA. Unified rhombic lip origins of group 3 and group 4 medulloblastoma. Nature 2022; 609:1012-1020. [PMID: 36131015 PMCID: PMC9748853 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, a malignant childhood cerebellar tumour, segregates molecularly into biologically distinct subgroups, suggesting that a personalized approach to therapy would be beneficial1. Mouse modelling and cross-species genomics have provided increasing evidence of discrete, subgroup-specific developmental origins2. However, the anatomical and cellular complexity of developing human tissues3-particularly within the rhombic lip germinal zone, which produces all glutamatergic neuronal lineages before internalization into the cerebellar nodulus-makes it difficult to validate previous inferences that were derived from studies in mice. Here we use multi-omics to resolve the origins of medulloblastoma subgroups in the developing human cerebellum. Molecular signatures encoded within a human rhombic-lip-derived lineage trajectory aligned with photoreceptor and unipolar brush cell expression profiles that are maintained in group 3 and group 4 medulloblastoma, suggesting a convergent basis. A systematic diagnostic-imaging review of a prospective institutional cohort localized the putative anatomical origins of group 3 and group 4 tumours to the nodulus. Our results connect the molecular and phenotypic features of clinically challenging medulloblastoma subgroups to their unified beginnings in the rhombic lip in the early stages of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Smith
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laure Bihannic
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brian L Gudenas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Qingsong Gao
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Igor Y Iskusnykh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victor V Chizhikov
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Scoggins
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Silu Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Angela Edwards
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mei Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lynne M Overman
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jake Millman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandria H Sjoboen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hadley
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joseph Golser
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Volker Hovestadt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zoltán Patay
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Developmental abnormalities of the cerebellum are among the most recognized structural brain malformations in human prenatal imaging. Yet reliable information regarding their cause in humans is sparse, and few outcome studies are available to inform prognosis. We know very little about human cerebellar development, in stark contrast to the wealth of knowledge from decades of research on cerebellar developmental biology of model organisms, especially mice. Recent studies show that multiple aspects of human cerebellar development significantly differ from mice and even rhesus macaques, a nonhuman primate. These discoveries challenge many current mouse-centric models of normal human cerebellar development and models regarding the pathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental phenotypes affecting the cerebellum, including Dandy-Walker malformation and medulloblastoma. Since we cannot model what we do not know, additional normative and pathological human developmental data are essential, and new models are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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13
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Wei AD, Wakenight P, Zwingman TA, Bard AM, Sahai N, Willemsen MH, Schelhaas HJ, Stegmann APA, Verhoeven JS, de Man SA, Wessels MW, Kleefstra T, Shinde DN, Helbig KL, Basinger A, Wagner VF, Rodriguez-Buritica D, Bryant E, Millichap JJ, Millen KJ, Dobyns WB, Ramirez JM, Kalume FK. Human KCNQ5 de novo mutations underlie epilepsy and intellectual disability. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:40-61. [PMID: 35583973 PMCID: PMC9236882 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00509.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified six novel de novo human KCNQ5 variants in children with motor/language delay, intellectual disability (ID), and/or epilepsy by whole exome sequencing. These variants, comprising two nonsense and four missense alterations, were functionally characterized by electrophysiology in HEK293/CHO cells, together with four previously reported KCNQ5 missense variants (Lehman A, Thouta S, Mancini GM, Naidu S, van Slegtenhorst M, McWalter K, Person R, Mwenifumbo J, Salvarinova R; CAUSES Study; EPGEN Study; Guella I, McKenzie MB, Datta A, Connolly MB, Kalkhoran SM, Poburko D, Friedman JM, Farrer MJ, Demos M, Desai S, Claydon T. Am J Hum Genet 101: 65-74, 2017). Surprisingly, all eight missense variants resulted in gain of function (GOF) due to hyperpolarized voltage dependence of activation or slowed deactivation kinetics, whereas the two nonsense variants were confirmed to be loss of function (LOF). One severe GOF allele (P369T) was tested and found to extend a dominant GOF effect to heteromeric KCNQ5/3 channels. Clinical presentations were associated with altered KCNQ5 channel gating: milder presentations with LOF or smaller GOF shifts in voltage dependence [change in voltage at half-maximal conduction (ΔV50) = ∼-15 mV] and severe presentations with larger GOF shifts in voltage dependence (ΔV50 = ∼-30 mV). To examine LOF pathogenicity, two Kcnq5 LOF mouse lines were created with CRISPR/Cas9. Both lines exhibited handling- and thermal-induced seizures and abnormal cortical EEGs consistent with epileptiform activity. Our study thus provides evidence for in vivo KCNQ5 LOF pathogenicity and strengthens the contribution of both LOF and GOF mutations to global pediatric neurological impairment, including ID/epilepsy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Six novel de novo human KCNQ5 variants were identified from children with neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or epilepsy. Expression of these variants along with four previously reported KCNQ5 variants from a similar cohort revealed GOF potassium channels, negatively shifted in V50 of activation and/or delayed deactivation kinetics. GOF is extended to KCNQ5/3 heteromeric channels, making these the predominant channels affected in heterozygous de novo patients. Kcnq5 LOF mice exhibited seizures, consistent with in vivo pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aguan D Wei
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Theresa A Zwingman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Angela M Bard
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nikhil Sahai
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marjolein H Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Department of Neurology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P A Stegmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith S Verhoeven
- Department of Neurology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Stella A de Man
- Department of Pediatrics, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja W Wessels
- Department of Human Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katherine L Helbig
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alice Basinger
- Medical Genetics, Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Victoria F Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Emily Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John J Millichap
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Epilepsy Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jan-Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Franck K Kalume
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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14
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Roy A, Han VZ, Bard AM, Wehle DT, Smith SEP, Ramirez JM, Kalume F, Millen KJ. Non-synaptic Cell-Autonomous Mechanisms Underlie Neuronal Hyperactivity in a Genetic Model of PIK3CA-Driven Intractable Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:772847. [PMID: 34899181 PMCID: PMC8662737 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.772847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients harboring mutations in the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway-encoding genes often develop a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders including epilepsy. A significant proportion remains unresponsive to conventional anti-seizure medications. Understanding mutation-specific pathophysiology is thus critical for molecularly targeted therapies. We previously determined that mouse models expressing a patient-related activating mutation in PIK3CA, encoding the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), are epileptic and acutely treatable by PI3K inhibition, irrespective of dysmorphology. Here we report the physiological mechanisms underlying this dysregulated neuronal excitability. In vivo, we demonstrate epileptiform events in the Pik3ca mutant hippocampus. By ex vivo analyses, we show that Pik3ca-driven hyperactivation of hippocampal pyramidal neurons is mediated by changes in multiple non-synaptic, cell-intrinsic properties. Finally, we report that acute inhibition of PI3K or AKT, but not MTOR activity, suppresses the intrinsic hyperactivity of the mutant neurons. These acute mechanisms are distinct from those causing neuronal hyperactivity in other AKT-MTOR epileptic models and define parameters to facilitate the development of new molecularly rational therapeutic interventions for intractable epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achira Roy
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru, India
| | - Victor Z Han
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Angela M Bard
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Devin T Wehle
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen E P Smith
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jan-Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Franck Kalume
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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15
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Okamura DM, Brewer CM, Wakenight P, Bahrami N, Bernardi K, Tran A, Olson J, Shi X, Yeh SY, Piliponsky A, Collins SJ, Nguyen ED, Timms AE, MacDonald JW, Bammler TK, Nelson BR, Millen KJ, Beier DR, Majesky MW. Spiny mice activate unique transcriptional programs after severe kidney injury regenerating organ function without fibrosis. iScience 2021; 24:103269. [PMID: 34849462 PMCID: PMC8609232 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis-driven solid organ failure is an enormous burden on global health. Spiny mice (Acomys) are terrestrial mammals that can regenerate severe skin wounds without scars to avoid predation. Whether spiny mice also regenerate internal organ injuries is unknown. Here, we show that despite equivalent acute obstructive or ischemic kidney injury, spiny mice fully regenerate nephron structure and organ function without fibrosis, whereas C57Bl/6 or CD1 mice progress to complete organ failure with extensive renal fibrosis. Two mechanisms for vertebrate regeneration have been proposed that emphasize either extrinsic (pro-regenerative macrophages) or intrinsic (surviving cells of the organ itself) controls. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the Acomys genome appears poised at the time of injury to initiate regeneration by surviving kidney cells, whereas macrophage accumulation was not detected until about day 7. Thus, we provide evidence for rapid activation of a gene expression signature for regenerative wound healing in the spiny mouse kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl M. Okamura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Chris M. Brewer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Nadia Bahrami
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kristina Bernardi
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Amy Tran
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jill Olson
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Xiaogang Shi
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Szu-Ying Yeh
- Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Adrian Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity & Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Sarah J. Collins
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Andrew E. Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - James W. MacDonald
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Theo K. Bammler
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Branden R. Nelson
- Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - David R. Beier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Mark W. Majesky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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16
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Brewer CM, Nelson BR, Wakenight P, Collins SJ, Okamura DM, Dong XR, Mahoney WM, McKenna A, Shendure J, Timms A, Millen KJ, Majesky MW. Adaptations in Hippo-Yap signaling and myofibroblast fate underlie scar-free ear appendage wound healing in spiny mice. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2722-2740.e6. [PMID: 34610329 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) are terrestrial mammals that evolved unique scar-free regenerative wound-healing properties. Myofibroblasts (MFs) are the major scar-forming cell type in skin. We found that following traumatic injury to ear pinnae, MFs appeared rapidly in both Acomys and mouse yet persisted only in mouse. The timing of MF loss in Acomys correlated with wound closure, blastema differentiation, and nuclear localization of the Hippo pathway target protein Yap. Experiments in vitro revealed an accelerated PP2A-dependent dephosphorylation activity that maintained nuclear Yap in Acomys dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and was not detected in mouse or human DFs. Treatment of Acomys in vivo with the nuclear Yap-TEAD inhibitor verteporfin prolonged MF persistence and converted tissue regeneration to fibrosis. Forced Yap activity prevented and rescued TGF-β1-induced human MF formation in vitro. These results suggest that Acomys evolved modifications of Yap activity and MF fate important for scar-free regenerative wound healing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Brewer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Branden R Nelson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sarah J Collins
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Daryl M Okamura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Xiu Rong Dong
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - William M Mahoney
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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17
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Aldinger KA, Thomson Z, Phelps IG, Haldipur P, Deng M, Timms AE, Hirano M, Santpere G, Roco C, Rosenberg AB, Lorente-Galdos B, Gulden FO, O'Day D, Overman LM, Lisgo SN, Alexandre P, Sestan N, Doherty D, Dobyns WB, Seelig G, Glass IA, Millen KJ. Spatial and cell type transcriptional landscape of human cerebellar development. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1163-1175. [PMID: 34140698 PMCID: PMC8338761 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human neonatal cerebellum is one-fourth of its adult size yet contains the blueprint required to integrate environmental cues with developing motor, cognitive and emotional skills into adulthood. Although mature cerebellar neuroanatomy is well studied, understanding of its developmental origins is limited. In this study, we systematically mapped the molecular, cellular and spatial composition of human fetal cerebellum by combining laser capture microscopy and SPLiT-seq single-nucleus transcriptomics. We profiled functionally distinct regions and gene expression dynamics within cell types and across development. The resulting cell atlas demonstrates that the molecular organization of the cerebellar anlage recapitulates cytoarchitecturally distinct regions and developmentally transient cell types that are distinct from the mouse cerebellum. By mapping genes dominant for pediatric and adult neurological disorders onto our dataset, we identify relevant cell types underlying disease mechanisms. These data provide a resource for probing the cellular basis of human cerebellar development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Zachary Thomson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian G Phelps
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mei Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Hirano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabriel Santpere
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Neurogenomics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles Roco
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander B Rosenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Belen Lorente-Galdos
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Forrest O Gulden
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diana O'Day
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lynne M Overman
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Steven N Lisgo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paula Alexandre
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Georg Seelig
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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18
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Roy A, Millen KJ, Kapur RP. Hippocampal granule cell dispersion: a non-specific finding in pediatric patients with no history of seizures. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:54. [PMID: 32317027 PMCID: PMC7171777 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic epilepsy has been associated with hippocampal abnormalities like neuronal loss, gliosis and granule cell dispersion. The granule cell layer of a normal human hippocampal dentate gyrus is traditionally regarded as a compact neuron-dense layer. Histopathological studies of surgically resected or autopsied hippocampal samples primarily from temporal lobe epilepsy patients, as well as animal models of epilepsy, describe variable patterns of granule cell dispersion including focal cell clusters, broader thick segments, and bilamination or “tram-tracking”. Although most studies have implicated granule cell dispersion as a specific feature of chronic epilepsy, very few “non-seizure” controls were included in these published investigations. Our retrospective survey of 147 cadaveric pediatric human hippocampi identified identical morphological spectra of granule cell dispersion in both normal and seizure-affected brains. Moreover, sections across the entire antero-posterior axis of a control cadaveric hippocampus revealed repetitive occurrence of different morphologies of the granule cell layer – compact, focally disaggregated and bilaminar. The results indicate that granule cell dispersion is within the spectrum of normal variation and not unique to patients with epilepsy. We speculate that sampling bias has been responsible for an erroneous dogma, which we hope to rectify with this investigation.
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19
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Nelson BR, Hodge RD, Daza RA, Tripathi PP, Arnold SJ, Millen KJ, Hevner RF. Intermediate progenitors support migration of neural stem cells into dentate gyrus outer neurogenic niches. eLife 2020; 9:53777. [PMID: 32238264 PMCID: PMC7159924 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is a unique brain region maintaining neural stem cells (NCSs) and neurogenesis into adulthood. We used multiphoton imaging to visualize genetically defined progenitor subpopulations in live slices across key stages of mouse DG development, testing decades old static models of DG formation with molecular identification, genetic-lineage tracing, and mutant analyses. We found novel progenitor migrations, timings, dynamic cell-cell interactions, signaling activities, and routes underlie mosaic DG formation. Intermediate progenitors (IPs, Tbr2+) pioneered migrations, supporting and guiding later emigrating NSCs (Sox9+) through multiple transient zones prior to converging at the nascent outer adult niche in a dynamic settling process, generating all prenatal and postnatal granule neurons in defined spatiotemporal order. IPs (Dll1+) extensively targeted contacts to mitotic NSCs (Notch active), revealing a substrate for cell-cell contact support during migrations, a developmental feature maintained in adults. Mouse DG formation shares conserved features of human neocortical expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden R Nelson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Rebecca D Hodge
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Ray Am Daza
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Sebastian J Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freiburg, Germany.,Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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20
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Haldipur P, Aldinger KA, Bernardo S, Deng M, Timms AE, Overman LM, Winter C, Lisgo SN, Razavi F, Silvestri E, Manganaro L, Adle-Biassette H, Guimiot F, Russo R, Kidron D, Hof PR, Gerrelli D, Lindsay SJ, Dobyns WB, Glass IA, Alexandre P, Millen KJ. Spatiotemporal expansion of primary progenitor zones in the developing human cerebellum. Science 2019; 366:454-460. [PMID: 31624095 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present histological and molecular analyses of the developing human cerebellum from 30 days after conception to 9 months after birth. Differences in developmental patterns between humans and mice include spatiotemporal expansion of both ventricular and rhombic lip primary progenitor zones to include subventricular zones containing basal progenitors. The human rhombic lip persists longer through cerebellar development than in the mouse and undergoes morphological changes to form a progenitor pool in the posterior lobule, which is not seen in other organisms, not even in the nonhuman primate the macaque. Disruptions in human rhombic lip development are associated with posterior cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and Dandy-Walker malformation. The presence of these species-specific neural progenitor populations refines our insight into human cerebellar developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Bernardo
- Departments of Experimental Medicine and Radiological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mei Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lynne M Overman
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Conrad Winter
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven N Lisgo
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ferechte Razavi
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Evelina Silvestri
- Surgical Pathology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Manganaro
- Departments of Experimental Medicine and Radiological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Rosa Russo
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Debora Kidron
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dianne Gerrelli
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Susan J Lindsay
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paula Alexandre
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Aldinger KA, Timms AE, Thomson Z, Mirzaa GM, Bennett JT, Rosenberg AB, Roco CM, Hirano M, Abidi F, Haldipur P, Cheng CV, Collins S, Park K, Zeiger J, Overmann LM, Alkuraya FS, Biesecker LG, Braddock SR, Cathey S, Cho MT, Chung BHY, Everman DB, Zarate YA, Jones JR, Schwartz CE, Goldstein A, Hopkin RJ, Krantz ID, Ladda RL, Leppig KA, McGillivray BC, Sell S, Wusik K, Gleeson JG, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Gerrelli D, Lisgo SN, Seelig G, Ishak GE, Barkovich AJ, Curry CJ, Glass IA, Millen KJ, Doherty D, Dobyns WB. Redefining the Etiologic Landscape of Cerebellar Malformations. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:606-615. [PMID: 31474318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar malformations are diverse congenital anomalies frequently associated with developmental disability. Although genetic and prenatal non-genetic causes have been described, no systematic analysis has been performed. Here, we present a large-exome sequencing study of Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) and cerebellar hypoplasia (CBLH). We performed exome sequencing in 282 individuals from 100 families with DWM or CBLH, and we established a molecular diagnosis in 36 of 100 families, with a significantly higher yield for CBLH (51%) than for DWM (16%). The 41 variants impact 27 neurodevelopmental-disorder-associated genes, thus demonstrating that CBLH and DWM are often features of monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders. Though only seven monogenic causes (19%) were identified in more than one individual, neuroimaging review of 131 additional individuals confirmed cerebellar abnormalities in 23 of 27 genetic disorders (85%). Prenatal risk factors were frequently found among individuals without a genetic diagnosis (30 of 64 individuals [47%]). Single-cell RNA sequencing of prenatal human cerebellar tissue revealed gene enrichment in neuronal and vascular cell types; this suggests that defective vasculogenesis may disrupt cerebellar development. Further, de novo gain-of-function variants in PDGFRB, a tyrosine kinase receptor essential for vascular progenitor signaling, were associated with CBLH, and this discovery links genetic and non-genetic etiologies. Our results suggest that genetic defects impact specific cerebellar cell types and implicate abnormal vascular development as a mechanism for cerebellar malformations. We also confirmed a major contribution for non-genetic prenatal factors in individuals with cerebellar abnormalities, substantially influencing diagnostic evaluation and counseling regarding recurrence risk and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Zachary Thomson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - James T Bennett
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Alexander B Rosenberg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Charles M Roco
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Matthew Hirano
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Fatima Abidi
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Chi V Cheng
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sarah Collins
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kaylee Park
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jordan Zeiger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Lynne M Overmann
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Stephen R Braddock
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Sara Cathey
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yuri A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Goldstein
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; The Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ian D Krantz
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
| | - Roger L Ladda
- Department of Pediatrics, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Departments of Pathology, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kathleen A Leppig
- Genetic Services, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Barbara C McGillivray
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Susan Sell
- Department of Pediatrics, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Katherine Wusik
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dianne Gerrelli
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Steven N Lisgo
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Georg Seelig
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gisele E Ishak
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- Departments of Radiology, Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cynthia J Curry
- Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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22
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Roy A, Murphy RM, Deng M, MacDonald JW, Bammler TK, Aldinger KA, Glass IA, Millen KJ. PI3K-Yap activity drives cortical gyrification and hydrocephalus in mice. eLife 2019; 8:45961. [PMID: 31094678 PMCID: PMC6544437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms driving the initiation of brain folding are incompletely understood. We have previously characterized mouse models recapitulating human PIK3CA-related brain overgrowth, epilepsy, dysplastic gyrification and hydrocephalus (Roy et al., 2015). Using the same, highly regulatable brain-specific model, here we report PI3K-dependent mechanisms underlying gyrification of the normally smooth mouse cortex, and hydrocephalus. We demonstrate that a brief embryonic Pik3ca activation was sufficient to drive subtle changes in apical cell adhesion and subcellular Yap translocation, causing focal proliferation and subsequent initiation of the stereotypic ‘gyrification sequence’, seen in naturally gyrencephalic mammals. Treatment with verteporfin, a nuclear Yap inhibitor, restored apical surface integrity, normalized proliferation, attenuated gyrification and rescued the associated hydrocephalus, highlighting the interrelated role of regulated PI3K-Yap signaling in normal neural-ependymal development. Our data defines apical cell-adhesion as the earliest known substrate for cortical gyrification. In addition, our preclinical results support the testing of Yap-related small-molecule therapeutics for developmental hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achira Roy
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington, United States
| | - Rory M Murphy
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington, United States
| | - Mei Deng
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Washington, United States
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Washington, United States
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Washington, United States
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington, United States.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Washington, United States
| | - Ian A Glass
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Washington, United States
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington, United States.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Washington, United States
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23
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Abstract
Structural birth defects of the cerebellum, or cerebellar malformations, in humans, have long been recognized. However, until recently there has been little progress in elucidating their developmental pathogenesis. Innovations in brain imaging and human genetic technologies over the last 2 decades have led to better classifications of these disorders and identification of several causative genes. In contrast, cerebellar malformations in model organisms, particularly mice, have been the focus of intense study for more than 70 years. As a result, many of the molecular, genetic and cellular programs that drive formation of the cerebellum have been delineated in mice. In this review, we overview the basic epochs and key molecular regulators of the developmental programs that build the structure of the mouse cerebellum. This mouse-centric approach has been a useful to interpret the developmental pathogenesis of human cerebellar malformations. However, it is becoming apparent that we actually know very little regarding the specifics of human cerebellar development beyond what is inferred from mice. A better understanding of human cerebellar development will not only facilitate improved diagnosis of human cerebellar malformations, but also lead to the development of treatment paradigms for these important neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Haldipur
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States; University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Seattle, WA, United States.
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24
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Kridsada K, Niu J, Haldipur P, Wang Z, Ding L, Li JJ, Lindgren AG, Herrera E, Thomas GM, Chizhikov VV, Millen KJ, Luo W. Roof Plate-Derived Radial Glial-like Cells Support Developmental Growth of Rapidly Adapting Mechanoreceptor Ascending Axons. Cell Rep 2018; 23:2928-2941. [PMID: 29874580 PMCID: PMC6174691 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord longitudinal axons comprise some of the longest axons in our body. However, mechanisms that drive this extra long-distance axonal growth are largely unclear. We found that ascending axons of rapidly adapting (RA) mechanoreceptors closely abut a previously undescribed population of roof plate-derived radial glial-like cells (RGLCs) in the spinal cord dorsal column, which form a network of processes enriched with growth-promoting factors. In dreher mutant mice that lack RGLCs, the lengths of ascending RA mechanoreceptor axon branches are specifically reduced, whereas their descending and collateral branches, and other dorsal column and sensory pathways, are largely unaffected. Because the number and intrinsic growth ability of RA mechanoreceptors are normal in dreher mice, our data suggest that RGLCs provide critical non-cell autonomous growth support for the ascending axons of RA mechanoreceptors. Together, our work identifies a developmental mechanism specifically required for long-range spinal cord longitudinal axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kridsada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jingwen Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Shriners Hospital's Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Long Ding
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jian J Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Eloisa Herrera
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández, CSIC-UMH), Campus San Juan, Av. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- Shriners Hospital's Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Victor V Chizhikov
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Abstract
With the growing recognition of the extent and prevalence of human cerebellar disorders, an understanding of developmental programs that build the mature cerebellum is necessary. In this chapter we present an overview of the basic epochs and key molecular regulators of the developmental programs of cerebellar development. These include early patterning of the cerebellar territory, the genesis of cerebellar cells from multiple spatially distinct germinal zones, and the extensive migration and coordinated cellular rearrangements that result in the formation of the exquisitely foliated and laminated mature cerebellum. This knowledge base is founded on extensive analysis of animal models, particularly mice, due in large part to the ease of genetic manipulation of this important model organism. Since cerebellar structure and function are largely conserved across species, mouse cerebellar development is highly relevant to humans and has led to important insights into the developmental pathogenesis of human cerebellar disorders. Human fetal cerebellar development remains largely undescribed; however, several human-specific developmental features are known which are relevant to human disease and underline the importance of ongoing human fetal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Haldipur
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Derek Dang
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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26
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Haldipur P, Dang D, Aldinger KA, Janson OK, Guimiot F, Adle-Biasette H, Dobyns WB, Siebert JR, Russo R, Millen KJ. Phenotypic outcomes in Mouse and Human Foxc1 dependent Dandy-Walker cerebellar malformation suggest shared mechanisms. eLife 2017; 6:20898. [PMID: 28092268 PMCID: PMC5271606 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXC1 loss contributes to Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM), a common human cerebellar malformation. Previously, we found that complete Foxc1 loss leads to aberrations in proliferation, neuronal differentiation and migration in the embryonic mouse cerebellum (Haldipur et al., 2014). We now demonstrate that hypomorphic Foxc1 mutant mice have granule and Purkinje cell abnormalities causing subsequent disruptions in postnatal cerebellar foliation and lamination. Particularly striking is the presence of a partially formed posterior lobule which echoes the posterior vermis DW 'tail sign' observed in human imaging studies. Lineage tracing experiments in Foxc1 mutant mouse cerebella indicate that aberrant migration of granule cell progenitors destined to form the posterior-most lobule causes this unique phenotype. Analyses of rare human del chr 6p25 fetal cerebella demonstrate extensive phenotypic overlap with our Foxc1 mutant mouse models, validating our DWM models and demonstrating that many key mechanisms controlling cerebellar development are likely conserved between mouse and human. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20898.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Derek Dang
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Olivia K Janson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | | | | | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Division, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Joseph R Siebert
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Rosa Russo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University Medical Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Division, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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27
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Leto K, Arancillo M, Becker EBE, Buffo A, Chiang C, Ding B, Dobyns WB, Dusart I, Haldipur P, Hatten ME, Hoshino M, Joyner AL, Kano M, Kilpatrick DL, Koibuchi N, Marino S, Martinez S, Millen KJ, Millner TO, Miyata T, Parmigiani E, Schilling K, Sekerková G, Sillitoe RV, Sotelo C, Uesaka N, Wefers A, Wingate RJT, Hawkes R. Consensus Paper: Cerebellar Development. Cerebellum 2016; 15:789-828. [PMID: 26439486 PMCID: PMC4846577 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of the mammalian cerebellum is orchestrated by both cell-autonomous programs and inductive environmental influences. Here, we describe the main processes of cerebellar ontogenesis, highlighting the neurogenic strategies used by developing progenitors, the genetic programs involved in cell fate specification, the progressive changes of structural organization, and some of the better-known abnormalities associated with developmental disorders of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketty Leto
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, via Cherasco 15, 10026, Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
| | - Marife Arancillo
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Esther B E Becker
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, via Cherasco 15, 10026, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Chin Chiang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 4114 MRB III, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Baojin Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605-2324, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Isabelle Dusart
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, France, 75005, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR8246, INSERM U1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, France, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary E Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Alexandra L Joyner
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Masanobu Kano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daniel L Kilpatrick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605-2324, USA
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Department Human Anatomy, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas O Millner
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Takaki Miyata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Elena Parmigiani
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, via Cherasco 15, 10026, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Karl Schilling
- Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Anatomisches Institut, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriella Sekerková
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Constantino Sotelo
- Institut de la Vision, UPMC Université de Paris 06, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Naofumi Uesaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Annika Wefers
- Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard J T Wingate
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Hawkes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4NI, AB, Canada
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28
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Tully HM, Ishak GE, Rue TC, Dempsey JC, Browd SR, Millen KJ, Doherty D, Dobyns WB. Two Hundred Thirty-Six Children With Developmental Hydrocephalus: Causes and Clinical Consequences. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:309-20. [PMID: 26184484 PMCID: PMC4990005 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815592222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Few systematic assessments of developmental forms of hydrocephalus exist. We reviewed magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and clinical records of patients with infancy-onset hydrocephalus. Among 411 infants, 236 had hydrocephalus with no recognizable extrinsic cause. These children were assigned to 1 of 5 subtypes and compared on the basis of clinical characteristics and developmental and surgical outcomes. At an average age of 5.3 years, 72% of children were walking independently and 87% could eat by mouth; in addition, 18% had epilepsy. Distinct patterns of associated malformations and syndromes were observed within each subtype. On average, children with aqueductal obstruction, cysts, and encephaloceles had worse clinical outcomes than those with other forms of developmental hydrocephalus. Overall, 53% of surgically treated patients experienced at least 1 shunt failure, but hydrocephalus associated with posterior fossa crowding required fewer shunt revisions. We conclude that each subtype of developmental hydrocephalus is associated with distinct clinical characteristics, syndromology, and outcomes, suggesting differences in underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Tully
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gisele E Ishak
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tessa C Rue
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Samuel R Browd
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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29
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Lin CY, Erkek S, Tong Y, Yin L, Federation AJ, Zapatka M, Haldipur P, Kawauchi D, Risch T, Warnatz HJ, Worst BC, Ju B, Orr BA, Zeid R, Polaski DR, Segura-Wang M, Waszak SM, Jones DTW, Kool M, Hovestadt V, Buchhalter I, Sieber L, Johann P, Chavez L, Gröschel S, Ryzhova M, Korshunov A, Chen W, Chizhikov VV, Millen KJ, Amstislavskiy V, Lehrach H, Yaspo ML, Eils R, Lichter P, Korbel JO, Pfister SM, Bradner JE, Northcott PA. Active medulloblastoma enhancers reveal subgroup-specific cellular origins. Nature 2016; 530:57-62. [PMID: 26814967 DOI: 10.1038/nature16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant paediatric brain tumour, often inflicting devastating consequences on the developing child. Genomic studies have revealed four distinct molecular subgroups with divergent biology and clinical behaviour. An understanding of the regulatory circuitry governing the transcriptional landscapes of medulloblastoma subgroups, and how this relates to their respective developmental origins, is lacking. Here, using H3K27ac and BRD4 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) coupled with tissue-matched DNA methylation and transcriptome data, we describe the active cis-regulatory landscape across 28 primary medulloblastoma specimens. Analysis of differentially regulated enhancers and super-enhancers reinforced inter-subgroup heterogeneity and revealed novel, clinically relevant insights into medulloblastoma biology. Computational reconstruction of core regulatory circuitry identified a master set of transcription factors, validated by ChIP-seq, that is responsible for subgroup divergence, and implicates candidate cells of origin for Group 4. Our integrated analysis of enhancer elements in a large series of primary tumour samples reveals insights into cis-regulatory architecture, unrecognized dependencies, and cellular origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Y Lin
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Serap Erkek
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yiai Tong
- Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | | | - Marc Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Risch
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Warnatz
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara C Worst
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bensheng Ju
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation &Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Rhamy Zeid
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Donald R Polaski
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Maia Segura-Wang
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Waszak
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Hovestadt
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivo Buchhalter
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Sieber
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Johann
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gröschel
- Department of Translational Oncology, NCT Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Ryzhova
- Department of Neuropathology, NN Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department of Neuropathology University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Victor V Chizhikov
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Vyacheslav Amstislavskiy
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Lehrach
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Yaspo
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan O Korbel
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James E Bradner
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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30
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Roy A, Skibo J, Kalume F, Ni J, Rankin S, Lu Y, Dobyns WB, Mills GB, Zhao JJ, Baker SJ, Millen KJ. Mouse models of human PIK3CA-related brain overgrowth have acutely treatable epilepsy. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26633882 PMCID: PMC4744197 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3CA) and other PI3K-AKT pathway components have been associated with cancer and a wide spectrum of brain and body overgrowth. In the brain, the phenotypic spectrum of PIK3CA-related segmental overgrowth includes bilateral dysplastic megalencephaly, hemimegalencephaly and focal cortical dysplasia, the most common cause of intractable pediatric epilepsy. We generated mouse models expressing the most common activating Pik3ca mutations (H1047R and E545K) in developing neural progenitors. These accurately recapitulate all the key human pathological features including brain enlargement, cortical malformation, hydrocephalus and epilepsy, with phenotypic severity dependent on the mutant allele and its time of activation. Underlying mechanisms include increased proliferation, cell size and altered white matter. Notably, we demonstrate that acute 1 hr-suppression of PI3K signaling despite the ongoing presence of dysplasia has dramatic anti-epileptic benefit. Thus PI3K inhibitors offer a promising new avenue for effective anti-epileptic therapy for intractable pediatric epilepsy patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12703.001 An enzyme called PI3K is involved in a major signaling pathway that controls cell growth. Mutations in this pathway have devastating consequences. When such mutations happen in adults, they can lead to cancer. Mutations that occur in embryos can cause major developmental birth defects, including abnormally large brains. After birth, these developmental problems can cause intellectual disabilities, autism and epilepsy. Children with this kind of epilepsy often do not respond to currently available seizure medications. There are several outstanding questions that if answered could help efforts to develop treatments for children with brain growth disorders. Firstly, how do the developmental abnormalities happen? Do the abnormalities themselves cause epilepsy? And can drugs that target this pathway, and are already in clinical trials for cancer, control seizures? Now, Roy et al. have made mouse models of these human developmental brain disorders and used them to answer these questions. The mice were genetically engineered to have various mutations in the gene that encodes the catalytic subunit of the PI3K enzyme. The mutations were the same as those found in people with brain overgrowth disorders, and were activated only in the developing brain of the mice. These mutations caused enlarged brain size, fluid accumulation in the brain, brain malformations and epilepsy in developing mice – thus mimicking the human birth defects. The severity of these symptoms depended on the specific mutation and when the mutant genes were turned on during development. Next, Roy et al. studied these mice to see if the seizures could be treated using a drug, that has already been developed for brain cancer. This drug specifically targets and reduces the activity of PI3K. Adult mutant mice with brain malformations were treated for just one hour; this dramatically reduced their seizures. These experiments prove that seizures associated with this kind of brain overgrowth disorder are driven by ongoing abnormal PI3K activity and can be treated even when underlying brain abnormalities persist. Roy et al. suggest that drugs targeting PI3K might help treat seizures in children with these brain overgrowth disorders. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12703.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Achira Roy
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Jonathan Skibo
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Franck Kalume
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Sherri Rankin
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Yiling Lu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Gordon B Mills
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
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31
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Lin CY, Erkek S, Tong Y, Yang L, Federation AJ, Zapatka M, Haldipur P, Kawauchi D, Risch T, Warnatz HJ, Worst B, Ju B, Orr BA, Zeid R, Polaski DR, Segura-Wang M, Waszak SM, Jones DTW, Kool M, Hovestadt V, Buchhalter I, Sieber L, Johann P, Gröschel S, Ryzhova M, Korshunov A, Chen W, Chizhikov VV, Millen KJ, Amstislavskiy V, Lehrach H, Yaspo ML, Eils R, Lichter P, Korbel JO, Pfister S, Bradner JE, Northcott PA. Abstract LB-B23: Medulloblastoma regulatory circuitries reveal subgroup-specific cellular origins. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-15-lb-b23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant paediatric brain tumour, often inflicting devastating consequences on the developing child. Genomic studies have revealed four distinct molecular subgroups with divergent biology and clinical behaviour. An understanding of the regulatory circuitry governing the transcriptional landscapes of medulloblastoma subgroups, and how this relates to their respective developmental origins, is currently lacking. Using H3K27ac and BRD4 ChIP-Seq, coupled with tissue-matched DNA methylation and transcriptome data, we describe the active cis-regulatory landscape across 28 primary medulloblastoma specimens. Analysis of differentially regulated enhancers and super-enhancers reinforced inter-subgroup heterogeneity and revealed novel, clinically relevant insights into medulloblastoma biology. Computational reconstruction of core regulatory circuitry identified a master set of transcription factors responsible for subgroup divergence that validated by ChIP-Seq and implicated candidate cells-of-origin for Group 4. Our integrated analysis of cis-regulatory elements in a large series of primary tumour samples reveals insights into cis-regulatory architecture, unrecognized dependencies, and cellular origins.
Citation Format: Charles Y. Lin, Serap Erkek, Yiai Tong, Linlin Yang, Alexander J. Federation, Marc Zapatka, Parthiv Haldipur, Daisuke Kawauchi, Thomas Risch, Hans-Jörg Warnatz, Barbara Worst, Bensheng Ju, Brent A. Orr, Rhamy Zeid, Donald R. Polaski, Maia Segura-Wang, Sebastian M. Waszak, David TW Jones, Marcel Kool, Volker Hovestadt, Ivo Buchhalter, Laura Sieber, Pascal Johann, Stefan Gröschel, Marina Ryzhova, Andrey Korshunov, Wenbiao Chen, Victor V. Chizhikov, Kathleen J. Millen, Vyacheslav Amstislavskiy, Hans Lehrach, Marie-Laure Yaspo, Roland Eils, Peter Lichter, Jan O. Korbel, Stefan Pfister, James E. Bradner, Paul A. Northcott. Medulloblastoma regulatory circuitries reveal subgroup-specific cellular origins. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr LB-B23.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serap Erkek
- 2European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yiai Tong
- 3St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Linlin Yang
- 4Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Marc Zapatka
- 5German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Risch
- 7Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Bensheng Ju
- 3St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Brent A. Orr
- 3St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Rhamy Zeid
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcel Kool
- 5German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Laura Sieber
- 5German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Marina Ryzhova
- 9NN Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Wenbiao Chen
- 4Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | | | - Hans Lehrach
- 7Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Roland Eils
- 5German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jan O. Korbel
- 2European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Haldipur P, Gillies G, Janson OK, Chizhikov VV, Millen KJ. ISDN2014_0119: Mesenchymal Foxc1 non‐autonomously controls cerebellar development through SDF1α‐CXCR4 maintenance of radial glial cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWAUnited States
| | - Gwendolyn Gillies
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWAUnited States
| | - Olivia K. Janson
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Genetic MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUnited States
| | - Victor V. Chizhikov
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWAUnited States
| | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWAUnited States
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Genetic MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUnited States
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33
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Comer JD, Pan FC, Willet SG, Haldipur P, Millen KJ, Wright CVE, Kaltschmidt JA. Sensory and spinal inhibitory dorsal midline crossing is independent of Robo3. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:36. [PMID: 26257608 PMCID: PMC4511845 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Commissural neurons project across the midline at all levels of the central nervous system (CNS), providing bilateral communication critical for the coordination of motor activity and sensory perception. Midline crossing at the spinal ventral midline has been extensively studied and has revealed that multiple developmental lineages contribute to this commissural neuron population. Ventral midline crossing occurs in a manner dependent on Robo3 regulation of Robo/Slit signaling and the ventral commissure is absent in the spinal cord and hindbrain of Robo3 mutants. Midline crossing in the spinal cord is not limited to the ventral midline, however. While prior anatomical studies provide evidence that commissural axons also cross the midline dorsally, little is known of the genetic and molecular properties of dorsally-crossing neurons or of the mechanisms that regulate dorsal midline crossing. In this study, we describe a commissural neuron population that crosses the spinal dorsal midline during the last quarter of embryogenesis in discrete fiber bundles present throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the spinal cord. Using immunohistochemistry, neurotracing, and mouse genetics, we show that this commissural neuron population includes spinal inhibitory neurons and sensory nociceptors. While the floor plate and roof plate are dispensable for dorsal midline crossing, we show that this population depends on Robo/Slit signaling yet crosses the dorsal midline in a Robo3-independent manner. The dorsally-crossing commissural neuron population we describe suggests a substrate circuitry for pain processing in the dorsal spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Comer
- Neuroscience Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences New York, NY, USA ; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute New York, NY, USA ; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program New York, NY, USA
| | - Fong Cheng Pan
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Spencer G Willet
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research Seattle, WA, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Division, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia A Kaltschmidt
- Neuroscience Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences New York, NY, USA ; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute New York, NY, USA
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Shih EK, Sekerková G, Ohtsuki G, Aldinger KA, Chizhikov VV, Hansel C, Mugnaini E, Millen KJ. The Spontaneous Ataxic Mouse Mutant Tippy is Characterized by a Novel Purkinje Cell Morphogenesis and Degeneration Phenotype. Cerebellum 2015; 14:292-307. [PMID: 25626522 PMCID: PMC4832921 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study represents the first detailed analysis of the spontaneous neurological mouse mutant, tippy, uncovering its unique cerebellar phenotype. Homozygous tippy mutant mice are small, ataxic, and die around weaning. Although the cerebellum shows grossly normal foliation, tippy mutants display a complex cerebellar Purkinje cell phenotype consisting of abnormal dendritic branching with immature spine features and patchy, non-apoptotic cell death that is associated with widespread dystrophy and degeneration of the Purkinje cell axons throughout the white matter, the cerebellar nuclei, and the vestibular nuclei. Moderate anatomical abnormalities of climbing fiber innervation of tippy mutant Purkinje cells were not associated with changes in climbing fiber-EPSC amplitudes. However, decreased ESPC amplitudes were observed in response to parallel fiber stimulation and correlated well with anatomical evidence for patchy dark cell degeneration of Purkinje cell dendrites in the molecular layer. The data suggest that the Purkinje neurons are a primary target of the tippy mutation. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the Purkinje cell axonal pathology together with disruptions in the balance of climbing fiber and parallel fiber-Purkinje cell input in the cerebellar cortex underlie the ataxic phenotype in these mice. The constellation of Purkinje cell dendritic malformation and degeneration phenotypes in tippy mutants is unique and has not been reported in any other neurologic mutant. Fine mapping of the tippy mutation to a 2.1 MB region of distal chromosome 9, which does not encompass any gene previously implicated in cerebellar development or neuronal degeneration, confirms that the tippy mutation identifies novel biology and gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn K. Shih
- Division of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10194
| | - Gabriella Sekerková
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Gen Ohtsuki
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kimberly A. Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, 98101
| | - Victor V. Chizhikov
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163
| | - Christian Hansel
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Enrico Mugnaini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine and Hugh Knowles Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, 98101
- The University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, Washington, 98101
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Haldipur P, Gillies GS, Janson OK, Chizhikov VV, Mithal DS, Miller RJ, Millen KJ. Foxc1 dependent mesenchymal signalling drives embryonic cerebellar growth. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25513817 PMCID: PMC4281880 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of Foxc1 is associated with Dandy-Walker malformation, the most common human cerebellar malformation characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia and an enlarged posterior fossa and fourth ventricle. Although expressed in the mouse posterior fossa mesenchyme, loss of Foxc1 non-autonomously induces a rapid and devastating decrease in embryonic cerebellar ventricular zone radial glial proliferation and concurrent increase in cerebellar neuronal differentiation. Subsequent migration of cerebellar neurons is disrupted, associated with disordered radial glial morphology. In vitro, SDF1α, a direct Foxc1 target also expressed in the head mesenchyme, acts as a cerebellar radial glial mitogen and a chemoattractant for nascent Purkinje cells. Its receptor, Cxcr4, is expressed in cerebellar radial glial cells and conditional Cxcr4 ablation with Nes-Cre mimics the Foxc1-/- cerebellar phenotype. SDF1α also rescues the Foxc1-/- phenotype. Our data emphasizes that the head mesenchyme exerts a considerable influence on early embryonic brain development and its disruption contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Gwendolyn S Gillies
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Olivia K Janson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Victor V Chizhikov
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Divakar S Mithal
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
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French CR, Seshadri S, Destefano AL, Fornage M, Arnold CR, Gage PJ, Skarie JM, Dobyns WB, Millen KJ, Liu T, Dietz W, Kume T, Hofker M, Emery DJ, Childs SJ, Waskiewicz AJ, Lehmann OJ. Mutation of FOXC1 and PITX2 induces cerebral small-vessel disease. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4877-81. [PMID: 25250569 PMCID: PMC4347243 DOI: 10.1172/jci75109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) exhibit perturbed end-artery function and have an increased risk for stroke and age-related cognitive decline. Here, we used targeted genome-wide association (GWA) analysis and defined a CSVD locus adjacent to the forkhead transcription factor FOXC1. Moreover, we determined that the linked SNPs influence FOXC1 transcript levels and demonstrated that patients as young as 1 year of age with altered FOXC1 function exhibit CSVD. MRI analysis of patients with missense and nonsense mutations as well as FOXC1-encompassing segmental duplication and deletion revealed white matter hyperintensities, dilated perivascular spaces, and lacunar infarction. In a zebrafish model, overexpression or morpholino-induced suppression of foxc1 induced cerebral hemorrhage. Inhibition of foxc1 perturbed platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgf) signaling, impairing neural crest migration and the recruitment of mural cells, which are essential for vascular stability. GWA analysis also linked the FOXC1-interacting transcription factor PITX2 to CSVD, and both patients with PITX2 mutations and murine Pitx2-/- mutants displayed brain vascular phenotypes. Together, these results extend the genetic etiology of stroke and demonstrate an increasing developmental basis for human cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis R. French
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anita L. Destefano
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Corey R. Arnold
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip J. Gage
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Skarie
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - William B. Dobyns
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - William Dietz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marten Hofker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derek J. Emery
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah J. Childs
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Waskiewicz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ordan J. Lehmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Chervenak AP, Bank LM, Thomsen N, Glanville-Jones HC, Jonathan S, Millen KJ, Arkell RM, Barald KF. The role of Zic genes in inner ear development in the mouse: Exploring mutant mouse phenotypes. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1487-98. [PMID: 25178196 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine Zic genes (Zic1-5) are expressed in the dorsal hindbrain and in periotic mesenchyme (POM) adjacent to the developing inner ear. Zic genes are involved in developmental signaling pathways in many organ systems, including the ear, although their exact roles haven't been fully elucidated. This report examines the role of Zic1, Zic2, and Zic4 during inner ear development in mouse mutants in which these Zic genes are affected. RESULTS Zic1/Zic4 double mutants don't exhibit any apparent defects in inner ear morphology. By contrast, inner ears from Zic2(kd/kd) and Zic2(Ku/Ku) mutants have severe but variable morphological defects in endolymphatic duct/sac and semicircular canal formation and in cochlear extension in the inner ear. Analysis of otocyst patterning in the Zic2(Ku/Ku) mutants by in situ hybridization showed changes in the expression patterns of Gbx2 and Pax2. CONCLUSIONS The experiments provide the first genetic evidence that the Zic genes are required for morphogenesis of the inner ear. Zic2 loss-of-function doesn't prevent initial otocyst patterning but leads to molecular abnormalities concomitant with morphogenesis of the endolymphatic duct. Functional hearing deficits often accompany inner ear dysmorphologies, making Zic2 a novel candidate gene for ongoing efforts to identify the genetic basis of human hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Chervenak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Mirzaa GM, Millen KJ, Barkovich AJ, Dobyns WB, Paciorkowski AR. The Developmental Brain Disorders Database (DBDB): a curated neurogenetics knowledge base with clinical and research applications. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1503-11. [PMID: 24700709 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The number of single genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders has increased dramatically over the past decade. The identification of causative genes for these disorders is important to clinical outcome as it allows for accurate assessment of prognosis, genetic counseling, delineation of natural history, inclusion in clinical trials, and in some cases determines therapy. Clinicians face the challenge of correctly identifying neurodevelopmental phenotypes, recognizing syndromes, and prioritizing the best candidate genes for testing. However, there is no central repository of definitions for many phenotypes, leading to errors of diagnosis. Additionally, there is no system of levels of evidence linking genes to phenotypes, making it difficult for clinicians to know which genes are most strongly associated with a given condition. We have developed the Developmental Brain Disorders Database (DBDB: https://www.dbdb.urmc.rochester.edu/home), a publicly available, online-curated repository of genes, phenotypes, and syndromes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. DBDB contains the first referenced ontology of developmental brain phenotypes, and uses a novel system of levels of evidence for gene-phenotype associations. It is intended to assist clinicians in arriving at the correct diagnosis, select the most appropriate genetic test for that phenotype, and improve the care of patients with developmental brain disorders. For researchers interested in the discovery of novel genes for developmental brain disorders, DBDB provides a well-curated source of important genes against which research sequencing results can be compared. Finally, DBDB allows novel observations about the landscape of the neurogenetics knowledge base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Traudt CM, McPherson RJ, Studholme C, Millen KJ, Juul SE. Systemic glycerol decreases neonatal rabbit brain and cerebellar growth independent of intraventricular hemorrhage. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:389-94. [PMID: 24346111 PMCID: PMC3943708 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebellar hypoplasia is a common problem in preterm infants and infants suffering from intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). To evaluate the effects of IVH on cerebellar growth and development, we used a neonatal rabbit model of systemic glycerol to produce IVH. METHODS New Zealand White rabbit kits were surgically delivered 2 d preterm and treated with intraperitoneal glycerol (3.25-6.5 g/kg). Controls were born at term. IVH was documented by ultrasonography. Brain volumes determined by magnetic resonance imaging, cerebellar foliation, proliferation (Ki-67), and Purkinje cell density were assessed at 2 wk of life. Tissue glycerol and glutathione concentrations were measured. RESULTS Glycerol increased IVH, subarachnoid hemorrhages, and mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Total cerebellar volumes, cerebellar foliation, and cerebellar proliferation were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Glycerol accumulated rapidly in blood, brain, and liver and was associated with increased glutathione concentration. All of these results were independent of IVH status. CONCLUSION Cerebellar hypoplasia was induced after glycerol administration in a dose-dependent manner. Given the rapid tissue accumulation of glycerol, dose-dependent decrease in brain growth, and lack of IVH effect on measured outcomes, we question the validity of this model because glycerol toxicity cannot be ruled out. A better physiological model of IVH is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Traudt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Corresponding author: Christopher Traudt, MD, 1959 NE Pacific Street, RR 542 HSB, Box # 356320, Seattle, WA, 98195, Fax 206-543-8926, Phone 206-685-3544,
| | - Ron J McPherson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colin Studholme
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sandra E Juul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
Long predicted from studies of model vertebrates, the first human example of abnormal patterning of the early neural tube leading to underdevelopment of the cerebellum has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Haldipur
- Parthiv Haldipur is in the Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
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Lehoczky JA, Thomas PE, Patrie KM, Owens KM, Villarreal LM, Galbraith K, Washburn J, Johnson CN, Gavino B, Borowsky AD, Millen KJ, Wakenight P, Law W, Van Keuren ML, Gavrilina G, Hughes ED, Saunders TL, Brihn L, Nadeau JH, Innis JW. A novel intergenic ETnII-β insertion mutation causes multiple malformations in polypodia mice. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003967. [PMID: 24339789 PMCID: PMC3854779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse early transposon insertions are responsible for ∼10% of spontaneous mutant phenotypes. We previously reported the phenotypes and genetic mapping of Polypodia, (Ppd), a spontaneous, X-linked dominant mutation with profound effects on body plan morphogenesis. Our new data shows that mutant mice are not born in expected Mendelian ratios secondary to loss after E9.5. In addition, we refined the Ppd genetic interval and discovered a novel ETnII-β early transposon insertion between the genes for Dusp9 and Pnck. The ETn inserted 1.6 kb downstream and antisense to Dusp9 and does not disrupt polyadenylation or splicing of either gene. Knock-in mice engineered to carry the ETn display Ppd characteristic ectopic caudal limb phenotypes, showing that the ETn insertion is the Ppd molecular lesion. Early transposons are actively expressed in the early blastocyst. To explore the consequences of the ETn on the genomic landscape at an early stage of development, we compared interval gene expression between wild-type and mutant ES cells. Mutant ES cell expression analysis revealed marked upregulation of Dusp9 mRNA and protein expression. Evaluation of the 5′ LTR CpG methylation state in adult mice revealed no correlation with the occurrence or severity of Ppd phenotypes at birth. Thus, the broad range of phenotypes observed in this mutant is secondary to a novel intergenic ETn insertion whose effects include dysregulation of nearby interval gene expression at early stages of development. Mobile genetic elements, particularly early transposons (ETn), cause malformations by inserting within genes leading to disruption of exons, splicing or polyadenylation. Few mutagenic early transposon insertions have been found outside genes and the effects of such insertions on surrounding gene regulation is poorly understood. We discovered a novel intergenic ETnII-β insertion in the mouse mutant Polypodia (Ppd). We reproduced the mutant phenotype after engineering the mutation in wild-type cells with homologous recombination, proving that this early transposon insertion is Ppd. Mutant mice are not born in expected Mendelian ratios secondary to loss after E9.5. Embryonic stem cells from mutant mice show upregulated transcription of an adjacent gene, Dusp9. Thus, at an early and critical stage of development, dysregulated gene transcription is one consequence of the insertion mutation. DNA methylation of the ETn 5′ LTR is not correlated with phenotypic outcome in mutant mice. Polypodia is an example of an intergenic mobile element insertion in mice causing dramatic morphogenetic defects and fetal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Lehoczky
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Peedikayil E. Thomas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Patrie
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kailey M. Owens
- Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Villarreal
- Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Galbraith
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Joe Washburn
- Biomedical Research Core Facilities, DNA Sequencing Core Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Craig N. Johnson
- Biomedical Research Core Facilities, DNA Sequencing Core Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bryant Gavino
- Murine Molecular Constructs Laboratory-MMCL Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander D. Borowsky
- University of California, Davis, Center for Comparative Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William Law
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Margaret L. Van Keuren
- Transgenic Animal Model Core Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Galina Gavrilina
- Transgenic Animal Model Core Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth D. Hughes
- Transgenic Animal Model Core Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Saunders
- Transgenic Animal Model Core Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lesil Brihn
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph H. Nadeau
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey W. Innis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Darbro BW, Mahajan VB, Gakhar L, Skeie JM, Campbell E, Wu S, Bing X, Millen KJ, Dobyns WB, Kessler JA, Jalali A, Cremer J, Segre A, Manak JR, Aldinger KA, Suzuki S, Natsume N, Ono M, Hai HD, Viet LT, Loddo S, Valente EM, Bernardini L, Ghonge N, Ferguson PJ, Bassuk AG. Mutations in extracellular matrix genes NID1 and LAMC1 cause autosomal dominant Dandy-Walker malformation and occipital cephaloceles. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:1075-9. [PMID: 23674478 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We performed whole-exome sequencing of a family with autosomal dominant Dandy-Walker malformation and occipital cephaloceles and detected a mutation in the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-encoding gene NID1. In a second family, protein interaction network analysis identified a mutation in LAMC1, which encodes a NID1-binding partner. Structural modeling of the NID1-LAMC1 complex demonstrated that each mutation disrupts the interaction. These findings implicate the ECM in the pathogenesis of Dandy-Walker spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Darbro
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, USA
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43
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Aldinger KA, Kogan J, Kimonis V, Fernandez B, Horn D, Klopocki E, Chung B, Toutain A, Weksberg R, Millen KJ, Barkovich AJ, Dobyns WB. Cerebellar and posterior fossa malformations in patients with autism-associated chromosome 22q13 terminal deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 161A:131-6. [PMID: 23225497 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The 22q13.3 deletion causes a neurodevelopmental syndrome, also known as Phelan-McDermid syndrome (MIM #606232), characterized by developmental delay and severe delay or absence of expressive speech. Two patients with hemizygous chromosome 22q13.3 telomeric deletion were referred to us when brain-imaging studies revealed cerebellar vermis hypoplasia (CBVH). To determine whether developmental abnormalities of the cerebellum are a consistent feature of the 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, we examined brain-imaging studies for 10 unrelated subjects with 22q13 terminal deletion. In seven cases where the availability of DNA and array technology allowed, we mapped deletion boundaries using comparative intensity analysis with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays. Approximate deletion boundaries for three additional cases were derived from clinical or published molecular data. We also examined brain-imaging studies for a patient with an intragenic SHANK3 mutation. We report the first brain-imaging data showing that some patients with 22q13 deletions have severe posterior CBVH, and one individual with a SHANK3 mutation has a normal cerebellum. This genotype-phenotype study suggests that the 22q13 deletion phenotype includes abnormal posterior fossa structures that are unlikely to be attributed to SHANK3 disruption. Other genes in the region, including PLXNB2 and MAPK8IP2, display brain expression patterns and mouse mutant phenotypes critical for proper cerebellar development. Future studies of these genes may elucidate their relationship to 22q13.3 deletion phenotypes.
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Tully HM, Dempsey JC, Ishak GE, Adam MP, Curry CJR, Sanchez-Lara P, Hunter A, Gripp KW, Allanson J, Cunniff C, Glass I, Millen KJ, Doherty D, Dobyns WB. Beyond Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome: recurring phenotypic themes in rhombencephalosynapsis. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2393-406. [PMID: 22965664 PMCID: PMC3448816 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is an uncommon cerebellar malformation characterized by fusion of the hemispheres without an intervening vermis. Frequently described in association with Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome, RES also occurs in conjunction with VACTERL features and with holoprosencephaly (HPE). We sought to determine the full phenotypic spectrum of RES in a large cohort of patients. Information was obtained through database review, patient questionnaire, radiographic, and morphologic assessment, and statistical analysis. We assessed 53 patients. Thirty-three had alopecia, 3 had trigeminal anesthesia, 14 had VACTERL features, and 2 had HPE with aventriculy. Specific craniofacial features were seen throughout the cohort, but were more common in patients with alopecia. We noted substantial overlap between groups. We conclude that although some distinct subgroups can be delineated, the overlapping features seen in our cohort suggest an underlying spectrum of RES-associated malformations rather than a collection of discrete syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Tully
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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45
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Nieman BJ, Blank MC, Roman BB, Henkelman RM, Millen KJ. If the skull fits: magnetic resonance imaging and microcomputed tomography for combined analysis of brain and skull phenotypes in the mouse. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:992-1002. [PMID: 22947655 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00093.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain and skull develop concurrently in a coordinated manner, consistently producing a brain and skull that fit tightly together. It is common that abnormalities in one are associated with related abnormalities in the other. However, this is not always the case. A complete characterization of the relationship between brain and skull phenotypes is necessary to understand the mechanisms that cause them to be coordinated or divergent and to provide perspective on the potential diagnostic or prognostic significance of brain and skull phenotypes. We demonstrate the combined use of magnetic resonance imaging and microcomputed tomography for analysis of brain and skull phenotypes in the mouse. Co-registration of brain and skull images allows comparison of the relationship between phenotypes in the brain and those in the skull. We observe a close fit between the brain and skull of two genetic mouse models that both show abnormal brain and skull phenotypes. Application of these three-dimensional image analyses in a broader range of mouse mutants will provide a map of the relationships between brain and skull phenotypes generally and allow characterization of patterns of similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Fatemi SH, Aldinger KA, Ashwood P, Bauman ML, Blaha CD, Blatt GJ, Chauhan A, Chauhan V, Dager SR, Dickson PE, Estes AM, Goldowitz D, Heck DH, Kemper TL, King BH, Martin LA, Millen KJ, Mittleman G, Mosconi MW, Persico AM, Sweeney JA, Webb SJ, Welsh JP. Consensus paper: pathological role of the cerebellum in autism. Cerebellum 2012; 11:777-807. [PMID: 22370873 PMCID: PMC3677555 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-012-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been significant advancement in various aspects of scientific knowledge concerning the role of cerebellum in the etiopathogenesis of autism. In the current consensus paper, we will observe the diversity of opinions regarding the involvement of this important site in the pathology of autism. Recent emergent findings in literature related to cerebellar involvement in autism are discussed, including: cerebellar pathology, cerebellar imaging and symptom expression in autism, cerebellar genetics, cerebellar immune function, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, GABAergic and glutamatergic systems, cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and oxytocin-related changes in autism, motor control and cognitive deficits, cerebellar coordination of movements and cognition, gene-environment interactions, therapeutics in autism, and relevant animal models of autism. Points of consensus include presence of abnormal cerebellar anatomy, abnormal neurotransmitter systems, oxidative stress, cerebellar motor and cognitive deficits, and neuroinflammation in subjects with autism. Undefined areas or areas requiring further investigation include lack of treatment options for core symptoms of autism, vermal hypoplasia, and other vermal abnormalities as a consistent feature of autism, mechanisms underlying cerebellar contributions to cognition, and unknown mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hossein Fatemi
- University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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47
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Ishak GE, Dempsey JC, Shaw DWW, Tully H, Adam MP, Sanchez-Lara PA, Glass I, Rue TC, Millen KJ, Dobyns WB, Doherty D. Rhombencephalosynapsis: a hindbrain malformation associated with incomplete separation of midbrain and forebrain, hydrocephalus and a broad spectrum of severity. Brain 2012; 135:1370-86. [PMID: 22451504 PMCID: PMC3338925 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhombencephalosynapsis is a midline brain malformation characterized by missing cerebellar vermis with apparent fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres. Rhombencephalosynapsis can be seen in isolation or together with other central nervous system and extra-central nervous system malformations. Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome combines rhombencephalosynapsis with parietal/temporal alopecia and sometimes trigeminal anaesthesia, towering skull shape and dysmorphic features. Rhombencephalosynapsis can also be seen in patients with features of vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiovascular anomalies, trachea-oesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, limb defects (VACTERL) association. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of neuroimaging findings in 42 patients with rhombencephalosynapsis, we propose a spectrum of severity, ranging from mild (the partial absence of nodulus, anterior and posterior vermis), to moderate (the absence of posterior vermis with some anterior vermis and nodulus present), to severe (the absence of posterior and anterior vermis with some nodulus present), to complete (the absence of the entire vermis including nodulus). We demonstrate that the severity of rhombencephalosynapsis correlates with fusion of the tonsils, as well as midbrain abnormalities including aqueductal stenosis and midline fusion of the tectum. Rhombencephalosynapsis is also associated with multiple forebrain abnormalities including absent olfactory bulbs, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, absent septum pellucidum and, in rare patients, atypical forms of holoprosencephaly. The frequent association between rhombencephalosynapsis and aqueductal stenosis prompted us to evaluate brain magnetic resonance images in other patients with aqueductal stenosis at our institution, and remarkably, we identified rhombencephalosynapsis in 9%. Strikingly, subjects with more severe rhombencephalosynapsis have more severely abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome, as do subjects with holoprosencephaly and patients with VACTERL features. In summary, our data provide improved diagnostic and prognostic information, and support disruption of dorsal-ventral patterning as a mechanism underlying rhombencephalosynapsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele E. Ishak
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Dempsey
- 2 Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dennis W. W. Shaw
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- 3 Centre for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Hannah Tully
- 3 Centre for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- 4 Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Margaret P. Adam
- 2 Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Pedro A. Sanchez-Lara
- 5 Department of Paediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- 6 Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Ian Glass
- 2 Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tessa C. Rue
- 7 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Millen
- 2 Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- 3 Centre for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - William B. Dobyns
- 2 Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- 3 Centre for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- 2 Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- 3 Centre for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Blank MC, Grinberg I, Aryee E, Laliberte C, Chizhikov VV, Henkelman RM, Millen KJ. Multiple developmental programs are altered by loss of Zic1 and Zic4 to cause Dandy-Walker malformation cerebellar pathogenesis. Development 2011; 138:1207-16. [PMID: 21307096 DOI: 10.1242/dev.054114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous deletions encompassing the ZIC1;ZIC4 locus have been identified in a subset of individuals with the common cerebellar birth defect Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM). Deletion of Zic1 and Zic4 in mice produces both cerebellar size and foliation defects similar to human DWM, confirming a requirement for these genes in cerebellar development and providing a model to delineate the developmental basis of this clinically important congenital malformation. Here, we show that reduced cerebellar size in Zic1 and Zic4 mutants results from decreased postnatal granule cell progenitor proliferation. Through genetic and molecular analyses, we show that Zic1 and Zic4 have Shh-dependent function promoting proliferation of granule cell progenitors. Expression of the Shh-downstream genes Ptch1, Gli1 and Mycn was downregulated in Zic1/4 mutants, although Shh production and Purkinje cell gene expression were normal. Reduction of Shh dose on the Zic1(+/-);Zic4(+/-) background also resulted in cerebellar size reductions and gene expression changes comparable with those observed in Zic1(-/-);Zic4(-/-) mice. Zic1 and Zic4 are additionally required to pattern anterior vermis foliation. Zic mutant folial patterning abnormalities correlated with disrupted cerebellar anlage gene expression and Purkinje cell topography during late embryonic stages; however, this phenotype was Shh independent. In Zic1(+/-);Zic4(+/-);Shh(+/-), we observed normal cerebellar anlage patterning and foliation. Furthermore, cerebellar patterning was normal in both Gli2-cko and Smo-cko mutant mice, where all Shh function was removed from the developing cerebellum. Thus, our data demonstrate that Zic1 and Zic4 have both Shh-dependent and -independent roles during cerebellar development and that multiple developmental disruptions underlie Zic1/4-related DWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa C Blank
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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50
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Abstract
The list of genes that when mutated cause disruptions in cerebellar development is rapidly increasing. The study of both spontaneous and engineered mouse mutants has been essential to this progress, as it has revealed much of our current understanding of the developmental processes required to construct the mature cerebellum. Improvements in brain imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the emergence of better classification schemes for human cerebellar malformations, have recently led to the identification of a number of genes which cause human cerebellar disorders. In this review we argue that synergistic approaches combining classical molecular techniques, genomics, and mouse models of human malformations will be essential to fuel additional discoveries of cerebellar developmental genes and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin A Sajan
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, 920 E 58th Street, CLSC 319, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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