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Hendrikse LD, Haldipur P, Saulnier O, Millman J, Sjoboen AH, Erickson AW, Ong W, Gordon V, Coudière-Morrison L, Mercier AL, Shokouhian M, Suárez RA, Ly M, Borlase S, Scott DS, Vladoiu MC, Farooq H, Sirbu O, Nakashima T, Nambu S, Funakoshi Y, Bahcheli A, Diaz-Mejia JJ, Golser J, Bach K, Phuong-Bao T, Skowron P, Wang EY, Kumar SA, Balin P, Visvanathan A, Lee JJY, Ayoub R, Chen X, Chen X, Mungall KL, Luu B, Bérubé P, Wang YC, Pfister SM, Kim SK, Delattre O, Bourdeaut F, Doz F, Masliah-Planchon J, Grajkowska WA, Loukides J, Dirks P, Fèvre-Montange M, Jouvet A, French PJ, Kros JM, Zitterbart K, Bailey SD, Eberhart CG, Rao AAN, Giannini C, Olson JM, Garami M, Hauser P, Phillips JJ, Ra YS, de Torres C, Mora J, Li KKW, Ng HK, Poon WS, Pollack IF, López-Aguilar E, Gillespie GY, Van Meter TE, Shofuda T, Vibhakar R, Thompson RC, Cooper MK, Rubin JB, Kumabe T, Jung S, Lach B, Iolascon A, Ferrucci V, de Antonellis P, Zollo M, Cinalli G, Robinson S, Stearns DS, Van Meir EG, Porrati P, Finocchiaro G, Massimino M, Carlotti CG, Faria CC, Roussel MF, Boop F, Chan JA, Aldinger KA, Razavi F, Silvestri E, McLendon RE, Thompson EM, Ansari M, Garre ML, Chico F, Eguía P, Pérezpeña M, Morrissy AS, Cavalli FMG, Wu X, Daniels C, Rich JN, Jones SJM, Moore RA, Marra MA, Huang X, Reimand J, Sorensen PH, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weiss WA, Pugh TJ, Garzia L, Kleinman CL, Stein LD, Jabado N, Malkin D, Ayrault O, Golden JA, Ellison DW, Doble B, Ramaswamy V, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Suzuki H, Millen KJ, Taylor MD. Author Correction: Failure of human rhombic lip differentiation underlies medulloblastoma formation. Nature 2022; 612:E12. [PMID: 36446943 PMCID: PMC10729707 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam D Hendrikse
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivier Saulnier
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake Millman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandria H Sjoboen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anders W Erickson
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Winnie Ong
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Audrey L Mercier
- PSL Research University, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Mohammad Shokouhian
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Raúl A Suárez
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Ly
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Borlase
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David S Scott
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria C Vladoiu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamza Farooq
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga Sirbu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takuma Nakashima
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nambu
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Funakoshi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alec Bahcheli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Javier Diaz-Mejia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Golser
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen Bach
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tram Phuong-Bao
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan Y Wang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachin A Kumar
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polina Balin
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abhirami Visvanathan
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John J Y Lee
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramy Ayoub
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Bérubé
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu C Wang
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Olivier Delattre
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Doz
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - James Loukides
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Dirks
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Fèvre-Montange
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Anne Jouvet
- Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Masaryk University School of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Swneke D Bailey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amulya A N Rao
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miklós Garami
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Hauser
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Young S Ra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kay K W Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wai S Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enrique López-Aguilar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Pediatría Centro Médico Nacional century XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Timothy E Van Meter
- Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealthy University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tomoko Shofuda
- Division of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael K Cooper
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Departments of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shin Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun-gun, South Korea
| | - Boleslaw Lach
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Anatomical Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualino de Antonellis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Duncan S Stearns
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paola Porrati
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlos G Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frederick Boop
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ferechte Razavi
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Evelina Silvestri
- Surgical Pathology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roger E McLendon
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric M Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marc Ansari
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria L Garre
- U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Fernando Chico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pilar Eguía
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Pérezpeña
- Instituto Nacional De Pediatría de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- INSERM U900, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, PSL Research University, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lincoln D Stein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Adaptive Oncology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- PSL Research University, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Jeffrey A Golden
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brad Doble
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamra E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Hendrikse LD, Haldipur P, Saulnier O, Millman J, Sjoboen AH, Erickson AW, Ong W, Gordon V, Coudière-Morrison L, Mercier AL, Shokouhian M, Suárez RA, Ly M, Borlase S, Scott DS, Vladoiu MC, Farooq H, Sirbu O, Nakashima T, Nambu S, Funakoshi Y, Bahcheli A, Diaz-Mejia JJ, Golser J, Bach K, Phuong-Bao T, Skowron P, Wang EY, Kumar SA, Balin P, Visvanathan A, Lee JJY, Ayoub R, Chen X, Chen X, Mungall KL, Luu B, Bérubé P, Wang YC, Pfister SM, Kim SK, Delattre O, Bourdeaut F, Doz F, Masliah-Planchon J, Grajkowska WA, Loukides J, Dirks P, Fèvre-Montange M, Jouvet A, French PJ, Kros JM, Zitterbart K, Bailey SD, Eberhart CG, Rao AAN, Giannini C, Olson JM, Garami M, Hauser P, Phillips JJ, Ra YS, de Torres C, Mora J, Li KKW, Ng HK, Poon WS, Pollack IF, López-Aguilar E, Gillespie GY, Van Meter TE, Shofuda T, Vibhakar R, Thompson RC, Cooper MK, Rubin JB, Kumabe T, Jung S, Lach B, Iolascon A, Ferrucci V, de Antonellis P, Zollo M, Cinalli G, Robinson S, Stearns DS, Van Meir EG, Porrati P, Finocchiaro G, Massimino M, Carlotti CG, Faria CC, Roussel MF, Boop F, Chan JA, Aldinger KA, Razavi F, Silvestri E, McLendon RE, Thompson EM, Ansari M, Garre ML, Chico F, Eguía P, Pérezpeña M, Morrissy AS, Cavalli FMG, Wu X, Daniels C, Rich JN, Jones SJM, Moore RA, Marra MA, Huang X, Reimand J, Sorensen PH, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weiss WA, Pugh TJ, Garzia L, Kleinman CL, Stein LD, Jabado N, Malkin D, Ayrault O, Golden JA, Ellison DW, Doble B, Ramaswamy V, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Suzuki H, Millen KJ, Taylor MD. Failure of human rhombic lip differentiation underlies medulloblastoma formation. Nature 2022; 609:1021-1028. [PMID: 36131014 PMCID: PMC10026724 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) comprises a group of heterogeneous paediatric embryonal neoplasms of the hindbrain with strong links to early development of the hindbrain1-4. Mutations that activate Sonic hedgehog signalling lead to Sonic hedgehog MB in the upper rhombic lip (RL) granule cell lineage5-8. By contrast, mutations that activate WNT signalling lead to WNT MB in the lower RL9,10. However, little is known about the more commonly occurring group 4 (G4) MB, which is thought to arise in the unipolar brush cell lineage3,4. Here we demonstrate that somatic mutations that cause G4 MB converge on the core binding factor alpha (CBFA) complex and mutually exclusive alterations that affect CBFA2T2, CBFA2T3, PRDM6, UTX and OTX2. CBFA2T2 is expressed early in the progenitor cells of the cerebellar RL subventricular zone in Homo sapiens, and G4 MB transcriptionally resembles these progenitors but are stalled in developmental time. Knockdown of OTX2 in model systems relieves this differentiation blockade, which allows MB cells to spontaneously proceed along normal developmental differentiation trajectories. The specific nature of the split human RL, which is destined to generate most of the neurons in the human brain, and its high level of susceptible EOMES+KI67+ unipolar brush cell progenitor cells probably predisposes our species to the development of G4 MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D Hendrikse
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parthiv Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivier Saulnier
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake Millman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandria H Sjoboen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anders W Erickson
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Winnie Ong
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Audrey L Mercier
- PSL Research University, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Mohammad Shokouhian
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Raúl A Suárez
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Ly
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Borlase
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David S Scott
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria C Vladoiu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamza Farooq
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga Sirbu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takuma Nakashima
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nambu
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Funakoshi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alec Bahcheli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Javier Diaz-Mejia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Golser
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen Bach
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tram Phuong-Bao
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan Y Wang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachin A Kumar
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polina Balin
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abhirami Visvanathan
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John J Y Lee
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramy Ayoub
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Bérubé
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu C Wang
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Olivier Delattre
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Doz
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - James Loukides
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Dirks
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Fèvre-Montange
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Anne Jouvet
- Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Masaryk University School of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Swneke D Bailey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amulya A N Rao
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miklós Garami
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Hauser
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Young S Ra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kay K W Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wai S Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enrique López-Aguilar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Pediatría Centro Médico Nacional century XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Timothy E Van Meter
- Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealthy University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tomoko Shofuda
- Division of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael K Cooper
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Departments of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shin Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun-gun, South Korea
| | - Boleslaw Lach
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Anatomical Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualino de Antonellis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Duncan S Stearns
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paola Porrati
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlos G Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frederick Boop
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ferechte Razavi
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Evelina Silvestri
- Surgical Pathology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roger E McLendon
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric M Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marc Ansari
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria L Garre
- U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Fernando Chico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pilar Eguía
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Pérezpeña
- Instituto Nacional De Pediatría de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- INSERM U900, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, PSL Research University, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lincoln D Stein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Adaptive Oncology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- PSL Research University, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Jeffrey A Golden
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brad Doble
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamra E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Rodríguez AJ, Lewis JR, Scott DS, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Ebeling PR, Prince RL. Aortic Calcification is Associated with Five-Year Decline in Handgrip Strength in Older Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:589-598. [PMID: 30039226 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the association between AAC and neuromuscular function over 5 years. Participants in this study were ambulant women over 70 years old residing in Perth, Western Australia who participated in the Calcium Intake Fracture Outcomes Study, a randomised controlled trial of calcium supplementation. 1046 women (mean age = 74.9 ± 2.6 years; BMI = 27.1 ± 4.4 kg/m2) were included. Lateral spine images captured during bone density testing were scored for AAC (AAC24; 0-24) at baseline. Severe AAC (AACsev) was defined using established cut points (AAC24 ≥ 6). At baseline and follow-up, isometric grip strength was assessed using a dynamometer. Mobility was assessed by the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test. Using pre-defined criteria, muscle weakness was considered as grip strength < 22 kg and poor mobility defined as TUG > 10.2 s. A subset of women had appendicular lean mass (ALM) determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and follow-up (n = 261). AACsev was evident in 193 (18.5%) women. Average decline in grip strength after 5 years was greater in those with AACsev than those without (3.6 ± 3.7 vs. 2.9 ± 4.2 kg; p = 0.034). This remained significant after adjustment for age, treatment allocation, diabetes, smoking history, renal function, medical record-derived prevalent vascular disease, BMI and physical activity (β = - 0.184; 95% confidence interval: - 0.361, - 0.008; p = 0.040). AACsev was not associated with 5-year changes in TUG or ALM in univariable or multivariable analyses (all p > 0.05). In older women, severe aortic calcification was associated with greater 5-year decline in muscle strength, but not TUG or ALM. These findings support the concept that vascular disease may have an effect on the loss of muscular strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Rodríguez
- Bone and Muscle Health Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Bone and Muscle Health Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3146, Australia.
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David S Scott
- Bone and Muscle Health Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John T Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Clinic and HealthPartners Institute, HealthPartners Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Bone and Muscle Health Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard L Prince
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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4
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Prosen EM, Radlein D, Piskorz J, Scott DS, Legge RL. Microbial utilization of levoglucosan in wood pyrolysate as a carbon and energy source. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 42:538-41. [PMID: 18613060 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260420419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Waterloo Fast Pyrolysis Process (WFPP) can produce an organic liquid high in levoglucosan (1, 6-anhydro-beta-D-glucopyranose) content from suitably pretreated lignocellulosics. A variety of fungi and yeasts were screened for their ability to utilize and ferment this organic liquid. To enhance its fermentability, the pyrolysis tar was posttreated in three different ways: (1) an aqueous extract (lignin removed); (2) activated charcoal treated (lignin and aromatics removed); and (3) acid hydrolysate (lignin and aromatics removed with the levoglucosan hydrolyzed to glucose). Four fungal strains were examined. None grew in the aqueous extract, but all grew equally well in both the activated charcoal treated and the acid hydrolysate, suggesting that the aromatic species were inhibitory to growth. Seven yeast species were examined, two of which did not grow on any of the extracts. Five of the yeast strains grew well on both the aqueous extract as well as the activated charcoal extract. The hydrolysate was optimal in terms of biomass yield and ethanol production. Ethanol yields on the hydrolysate were comparable or better than those on glucose. Ethanol was also produced in the aqueous extract and activated charcoal-treated substrate, but yields were considerably lower than on the hydrolysate or glucose. It is apparent that a wood pyrolysate maximized for levoglucosan can serve as a fermentable substrate, although postpyrolysis clean-up appears necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Prosen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Farb A, Heller PF, Shroff S, Cheng L, Kolodgie FD, Carter AJ, Scott DS, Froehlich J, Virmani R. Pathological analysis of local delivery of paclitaxel via a polymer-coated stent. Circulation 2001; 104:473-9. [PMID: 11468212 DOI: 10.1161/hc3001.092037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel can inhibit vascular smooth muscle proliferation in vitro, and early studies suggest that paclitaxel may be useful in preventing restenosis. Early and late intimal growth and local vascular pathological changes associated with paclitaxel delivered via stents have not been fully explored. METHODS AND RESULTS Localized drug delivery was accomplished with balloon-expandable stainless steel stents coated with a cross-linked biodegradable polymer, chondroitin sulfate and gelatin (CSG), containing various doses of paclitaxel. CSG-coated stents with paclitaxel (42.0, 20.2, 8.6, or 1.5 microgram of paclitaxel per stent), CSG-coated stents without paclitaxel, and uncoated stents (without paclitaxel or CSG) were deployed in the iliac arteries of New Zealand White rabbits, which were killed 28 days after implant. Mean neointimal thickness at stent strut sites was reduced 49% (P<0.0003) and 36% (P<0.007) with stents containing 42.0 and 20.2 microgram of paclitaxel per stent, respectively, versus CSG-coated stents without paclitaxel. However, histological findings suggested incomplete healing in the higher-dose (42.0 and 20.2 microgram) paclitaxel-containing stents consisting of persistent intimal fibrin deposition, intraintimal hemorrhage, and increased intimal and adventitial inflammation. Stents coated with CSG alone (without paclitaxel) had similar neointimal growth as uncoated stents. In a separate group of rabbits killed at 90 days, neointimal growth was no longer suppressed by CSG-coated stents containing 42.0 or 21.0 microgram of paclitaxel CONCLUSIONS CSG coating appears to be a promising medium for localized drug delivery. Paclitaxel polymer-coated stents reduce neointima formation but are associated with evidence of incomplete healing at 28 days. However, neointimal suppression was not maintained at 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farb
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA
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6
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Abstract
Current methods of calcium quantification by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) measure the arc of calcium using the cross-sectional image at the lesion and at the reference site while neglecting calcium elsewhere. Calcium at these sites may not adequately represent the extent of total epicardial coronary calcium. We devised a new method to quantify calcium as a percentage of the coronary luminal surface. This study examines whether this new method accurately reflects coronary calcium determined by histology. Seventeen postmortem coronary arteries were pressure-fixed and imaged by IVUS using a motorized pullback device. Total plaque-luminal circumferential length and calcified plaque-luminal circumferential length were measured from serial cross-sectional IVUS images every 1 mm. With use of Simpson's method, the total plaque and calcified plaque surface area was then calculated. Histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Movat pentachrome at 3-mm intervals. Calcium was independently quantified by planimetry under light microscopy. Histologic analysis (n = 253 sections) revealed a wide range of calcium (0 to 47 mm2; mean 12 +/- 16 mm3). The IVUS-derived calcified plaque surface area was 17 +/- 23 mm2), which represented 3.1 +/- 4.1% (range 0% to 13.9%) of the total plaque surface area. The histologic and IVUS quantification of calcium by this method was strongly related (r = 0.84, p <0.0001), which was an improvement over current 2-dimensional measures of calcium arc (r = 0.41, p = 0.18). Calculation of calcified plaque surface area from sequential IVUS images appears to accurately reflect the degree of total coronary calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Scott
- Division of Cardiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Ormiston JA, Webster MW, Ruygrok PN, Stewart JT, White HD, Scott DS. Stent deformation following simulated side-branch dilatation: a comparison of five stent designs. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 1999. [PMID: 10376516 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-726x(199906)47:2<258::aid-ccd27>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of simulated stent side-branch dilatation and subsequent redilatation of the central lumen. Following coronary stent implantation it may be necessary to dilate through the side of a stent to maintain branch patency. Branch dilatation through the side of 3.5-mm-diameter stents (AVE GFX, beStent, Crown, MultiLink, and NIR) was simulated in a plexiglass phantom using 2.5-, 3.0-, 3.5-, and 4.0-mm balloons. In further experiments, the main lumen was redilated with a 3.5-mm balloon after 3.0-mm side-branch dilatation. Thereafter, a 3.5-mm central and a 3.0-mm side-branch balloon were simultaneously inflated ("kissing balloons"). The larger the balloon size used for side-branch dilatation, the greater the distortion of the stent immediately distal to the side-branch, which for a 4.0-mm balloon ranged from 36% +/- 2% (Crown) to 65% +/- 6% (NIR). Central lumen redilatation or kissing balloons abolished this stenosis with little reduction of the side-lumen diameter. The main stent lumen compromise caused by side-branch dilatation can be abolished by main-lumen redilatation or by kissing balloons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ormiston
- Mercy Angiography, Mercy Hospital, Epsom, Auckland, New Zealand.
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8
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Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of simulated stent side-branch dilatation and subsequent redilatation of the central lumen. Following coronary stent implantation it may be necessary to dilate through the side of a stent to maintain branch patency. Branch dilatation through the side of 3.5-mm-diameter stents (AVE GFX, beStent, Crown, MultiLink, and NIR) was simulated in a plexiglass phantom using 2.5-, 3.0-, 3.5-, and 4.0-mm balloons. In further experiments, the main lumen was redilated with a 3.5-mm balloon after 3.0-mm side-branch dilatation. Thereafter, a 3.5-mm central and a 3.0-mm side-branch balloon were simultaneously inflated ("kissing balloons"). The larger the balloon size used for side-branch dilatation, the greater the distortion of the stent immediately distal to the side-branch, which for a 4.0-mm balloon ranged from 36% +/- 2% (Crown) to 65% +/- 6% (NIR). Central lumen redilatation or kissing balloons abolished this stenosis with little reduction of the side-lumen diameter. The main stent lumen compromise caused by side-branch dilatation can be abolished by main-lumen redilatation or by kissing balloons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ormiston
- Mercy Angiography, Mercy Hospital, Epsom, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Price CT, Scott DS, Reed FR, Sproul JT, Riddick MF. Nighttime bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with the Charleston Bending Brace: long-term follow-up. J Pediatr Orthop 1997; 17:703-7. [PMID: 9591969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report long-term experience with the Charleston Bending Brace for treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This brace holds the patient in maximal side-bending correction and is worn at nighttime only. Patients included in this prospective multicenter study met all of the following criteria: skeletal immaturity (Risser 0, 1, or 2), curvature >25 degrees before bracing, no prior treatment, and >1-year follow-up since completion of bracing (skeletal maturity or progression to surgery). All curves were monitored and reported. There were 149 structural curves in 98 patients. Sixty-five (66%) patients showed improvement or <5 degrees change in curvature. Seventeen (17%) patients progressed to the point of requiring surgery for their scoliosis. Based on these long-term results and improvement of the natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, continued use of the Charleston Bending Brace is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Price
- Orlando Regional Healthcare Systems, Florida, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized trials confirm the long-term efficacy of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), although there are no randomized data in patients < 40 years old. Because these patients have been reported to have an early recurrence of symptoms, the long-term postoperative outcome was examined. METHODS AND RESULTS The long-term outcome of patients (n = 221) < 40 years old undergoing CABG at Green Lane Hospital, New Zealand, from 1970 to 1992 was determined. The 30-day mortality rate was 1.8% for initial and 9.5% for redo CABG. The median times to angina or myocardial infarction (recurrent ischemic event), further intervention, and death were 6.0, 9.6, and 14.2 years, respectively. Factors associated with increased late mortality on univariate analysis included end-systolic volume (ESV) > or = 80 mL (P = .004; 10-year mortality 19% versus 39% ESV > or = 80 mL), no internal mammary conduit (P = .01), no lipid-modifying therapy (P = .005), and no postoperative aspirin use (P = .0002); the latter was also associated with increased recurrent ischemic events (P = .04) or increased reintervention (P = .02). On stepwise logistic regression analysis, factors associated with increased late mortality were increasing ESV (P = .004), no internal mammary artery conduit (P = .009), diabetes (P = .04), and no postoperative aspirin (P = .02); the latter was also associated with increased recurrent ischemic events (P = .02). Hypercholesterolemia (> or = 6.5 mmol/L) was present in 65% of patients at presentation and 45% at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS To attempt to prevent recurrent ischemia or late death, patients < 40 years old who require CABG should receive internal mammary conduits, aspirin, lipid-modifying therapy, therapy to inhibit ventricular dilatation, and strict diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K French
- Department of Cardiology, Green Lane Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Price CT, Scott DS, Greenberg DA. Dynamic axial external fixation in the surgical treatment of tibia vara. J Pediatr Orthop 1995; 15:236-43. [PMID: 7745101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteotomy is the well-established treatment of Blount's disease (tibia vara), although the types of fixation used vary considerably. The use of dynamic axial external fixation to stabilize osteotomies for tibia vara until solid union occurs without the use of supplemental casting has not been reported by other authors. From 1985 until the present, we have used osteotomy with dynamic axial external fixation as treatment of 31 tibiae in 23 patients. All osteotomies healed and there was no postoperative loss of correction. There was an average correction of 20 degrees between the pre- and postoperative mechanical axis. Advantages of dynamic axial external fixation include ease of application, adjustability, early weight bearing, the ability to lengthen the extremity, and no second operation for removal of hardware. Based on our results, we believe that dynamic axial external fixation is an excellent form of osteotomy stabilization in the surgical treatment of tibia vara.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Price
- Orlando Regional Healthcare System, Orlando, Florida 32806, USA
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12
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Abstract
The authors report their preliminary experience with the Charleston bending brace for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This brace holds the patient in the position of maximum side bend correction and is worn only at night. Patients in this prospective multicentered study met all the following criteria: skeletal immaturity (Risser 0, 1+, or 2+), curvature greater than 25 degrees before bracing, no prior treatment, and greater than 1-year follow-up since initiation of treatment. There were 191 structural curves in the 139 patients. One hundred fifteen patients (83%) showed improvement or less than 5 degree change in curvature. Twenty-four patients (17%) demonstrated an increase in curvature greater than 5 degrees. Based on these preliminary results, continued use of bending brace treatment at nighttime only is justified for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Patients with double curves should be observed closely for increase in compensatory curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Price
- Orlando Regional Medical Center, Florida
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13
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Abstract
From 1971 to 1986, 80 skeletally immature patients with severe diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures were treated at Orlando Regional Medical Center. Greenstick, Monteggia, and Galeazzi fractures were excluded. Seventy-nine fractures were managed by closed means. When anatomic reduction could not be obtained, the best position was accepted. There were 47 patients with malunions of whom 39 returned for follow-up evaluation greater than 2 years after injury. They form the basis of this study. There were no delayed unions or nonunions in the entire group. Average follow-up in the group reported was 5 years 9 months (range 2 years to 13 years 10 months). All patients were satisfied with their functional and cosmetic results regardless of age, angulation, complete displacement, or loss of radial bow at time of union. Only nine patients had loss of motion. By our criteria, 36 patients (92%) had good or excellent results, with 32 excellent and four good results. Three patients (8%) had fair results, and there were no poor results. Age at time of injury did not correlate with recovery of motion. Distal fractures were found to have a better prognosis than proximal fractures. Based on the results of this study, closed reduction is the treatment of choice for skeletally immature patients with diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Price
- Matthews Orthopaedic Clinic, Orlando, FL 32856
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Abstract
Our data are based on retrospective self-reported answers of college students. To what extent do these answers accurately reflect the feelings of an actual clinical sample of dental patients? Although there is little direct evidence, a number of observations suggest that in the area of dental anxiety, college populations closely approximate the self-reported answers of the general population. The average level of dental anxiety in an actual clinical sample also appears to be remarkably similar to the average level of dental anxiety among a sample of college students. Kleinknecht and Bernstein found that, on a 1 to 5 scale, dental patients reported a mean level of dental anxiety of 2.31, and that when the identical question was used in a college population, the average level of dental anxiety was 2.47. In our sample, the mean level of dental anxiety was a similar 2.4 on a 0 to 6 scale. Obviously, self-reported answers are subject to distortions. However, it is important that these perceptions can still have a powerful bearing on the behaviors and feelings of patients. A number of observations and hypotheses about the historical origins of dental anxiety were confirmed. Some of these findings have direct clinical implications for the prevention of dental anxiety by dentists or treatment by psychologists. For example, high dentally anxious subjects are more concerned with and feel more ashamed about telling their dentist that they are dentally anxious. It may be helpful for dentists to provide an open forum about the patient's concern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Tarlano JM, Scott DS. Psychological acquisition and treatment of dental anxiety. Dent Assist (1931) 1983; 52:26-8. [PMID: 6584334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Acupuncture treatment of chronic low back pain was studied in a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial completed by 77 patients. The patients had significantly increased depression, neuroticism, and hypochondriasis scores. Initial pain levels correlated with state-anxiety, depression, pain duration, and abnormal illness behavior measures, as well as with the intake of psychotropic but not analgesic medication. Overall reduction in pain score was 26 percent for acupuncture and 22 percent for placebo treatment; the difference was not significant (p greater than 0.6). Analgesic drug intake was reduced to a similar extent in both groups. During the first phase of treatment, patients receiving acupuncture had a greater but not significantly different reduction in pain rating scores compared with those receiving placebo (t = 0.52; p greater than 0.6). This group showed significantly lower pain scores (p less than 0.05) in the second phase of the trial while receiving placebo treatment. Overall reduction in individual patient's pain score was best predicted by initial pain severity (r = 0.43; p less than 0.001) and psychotropic drug intake (r = 0.37; p less than 0.001). None of the variables tested predicted which patients would specifically respond to acupuncture or placebo.
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Abstract
This paper has reviewed correlational studies from both inpatient hospital settings and outpatient oral surgery that demonstrate that several psychological factors are related to postsurgical recovery. Examination of these factors indicates that dentists might improve patients' recovery by giving the surgery a more positive meaning (making the outcome seem desirable), improving patients' acceptance of their condition, making patients' expectations more positive and, reducing anxiety about recovery. Other psychological factors may be helpful in identifying patients who need more support, for example, those with higher trait anxiety, vigilant coping behavior, or an internal locus of control. The review of intervention studies indicates that the best preparation techniques include giving positive suggestions and teaching coping techniques. The value of giving increased amounts of information has not been demonstrated. Also, the literature is not conclusive on varying the type of preparation to fit the personality traits of patients.
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Ghia JN, Mueller RA, Duncan GH, Scott DS, Mao W. Serotonergic activity in man as a function of pain, pain mechanisms, and depression. Anesth Analg 1981; 60:854-61. [PMID: 6172060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, which are used as indicators of central nervous system serotonergic neuronal activity, were significantly higher in 67 patients with chronic pain and in 32 patients with acute pain (23.6 +/- 3.3 and 23.1 +/- 3.8, respectively) than in 30 patients (8.8 +/- 1.7) who had no pain. However, there was no correlation between levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in patients with chronic or acute pain, nor between groups of patients with chronic pain whose pain mechanisms were of psychogenic, sympathetic, somatic, or central origin, based on their responses to differential spinal block; there was also no correlation between levels of depression, as evaluated by the Zung scale, in patients with different types of chronic pain, even though all of these patients were depressed. The elevated levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the depressed patients with chronic pain are not consistent with previous studies on the etiology and types of chronic pain. As recent research indicates that the perception of pain may be modulated by endogenous analgesic systems involving enkephalin and serotonin (5-HT), this study was undertaken to clarify the association between 5-HT activity and nociception. Our findings did show a link between acute noxious stimulation and central increases in serotonergic activity. However, we could not differentiate between pain mechanisms and degree of depression. Our studies did indicate that, because of both the persistence of pain complaints and the increased levels of brain 5-HT activity, the endogenous analgesic systems are not totally effective as natural inhibitors of pain. Furthermore, the increased depression and continued pain in the presence of elevated 5-HT activity in patients with chronic pain may represent a tolerance or decreased responsiveness to 5-HT.
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Abstract
Myofascial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome is a muscle-contraction headache-like pain of the face. In the past this has also been called temporomandibular joint syndrome. This syndrome is thought to be, in part, a stress-related pain. This paper discusses and evaluates the following topics: (1) patient characteristics, (2) etiological hypotheses, (3) experimental models of the syndrome, (4) psychological characteristics of the patients, (5) psychophysiological characteristics of the patients, and (6) relaxation therapies. Future research is also discussed.
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Scott DS. Frontier dentistry: part I: Developmental abnormalities of dental structure. Ont Dent 1981; 58:12-6. [PMID: 6949107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome is a stress-related disorder that involves muscle hyperactivity. Psychological treatments should: reduce muscle tension by relaxation procedures, modify the psychological antecedents to the muscle tension, and modify the psychological consequences to the muscle hyperactivity. The scope of the treatment for the myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome should be commensurate with the scope of the problem. Patients with brief transient pain, usually associated with discrete problems, should have commensurate, brief, limited interventions, such as a relaxation therapy practiced at home via a tape recording. Patients with long-term problems should have commensurate, longer, more extensive interventions that perhaps include modifying the behavior, the antecedents, and the consequences. These issues may be those that predict failure of treatment by the dentist who uses an occlusal therapy as well as the psychologist who uses a relaxation therapy.
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Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of several psychological factors on postsurgical recovery while controlling for and also evaluating the effects of the physical trauma induced by the surgery. Subjects were 38 patients (18 males and 20 females) who were scheduled to have four third molars surgically removed. The psychological factors measured included anxiety and expectations about recovery, trait anxiety, coping behaviors, and health locus of control. Surgical trauma was rated after surgery, and the following aspects of recovery were monitored: postoperative pain, interference with normal function, swelling, and healing. Poorer postoperative recovery was significantly predicted by each of the psychological variables and by higher levels of surgical trauma. In addition, the effects of the psychological variables on recovery were shown to be largely independent of the trauma effects. The data suggest that (a) future studies which give patients more positive expectations and reduce their anxiety about recovery may improve their recovery and (b) the types of patients most in need of preoperative psychological support would be those who have higher trait anxiety, vigilant coping behaviors, or an internal locus of control.
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Barber TX, Wilson SC, Scott DS. Effects of a traditional trance induction on response to "hypnotist-centered" versus "subject-centered" test suggestions. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 1980; 28:114-26. [PMID: 7364521 DOI: 10.1080/00207148008409834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ghia JN, Duncan GS, Scott DS, Gregg JM. Therapeutic nerve blocks for chronic pain. Am Fam Physician 1979; 20:74-8. [PMID: 452999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nerve blocks are an effective treatment in patients with many types of acute pain. However, they are much less effective in patients with chronic pain. Candidates for therapeutic nerve blocks should be carefully screened by: assessment of organic disease; evaluation of psychologic and behavioral disorders, and differential nerve blocks. The best candidates for therapeutic nerve blocks have known or inferred organic disease, minimal psychologic or behavioral disorders, and evidence of sympathetic or somatic pain mechanisms.
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Abstract
When 12 subjects were asked to use the cognitive strategy of imagining one finger numb and not to attend to the other, some did and some did not.
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Abstract
Eight days after mother rats were injected with 4000 infective larvae of Strongyloides ratti at different stages of lactation the numbers of adult worms in their intestines were uniformly low (less than 3% of the dose) compared with unmated controls (mean = 25%). Those in their litters varied from 12% on day 5 to a maximum of 47% on day 17 post partum. These data, which do not correlate with lactational performance, imply that parasite movements in lactating rats are controlled by qualitative, not quantitative, consequences of humoral events. The numbers of worms in litters are concluded to be the result of the interaction of dynamic determinants of larval routes in the mother and changes in the suitability of the neonatal gut as an environment for worm development. The timing of events leading to milk-borne infection is defined. Injected larvae were closely synchronized in their movements, which were completed in 36 h. Larvae experimentally diverted into the mother's tissues during her first lactation were not available for the infection of a second litter.
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Abstract
There were no differences in mean intestinal worm burdens 8 days after subcutaneous injection of 4000 infective larvae of Strongyloides ratti into rats in dioestrus, pro-oestrus, oestrus and metoestrus. Thus, changes in the hormonal environment of the migrating larvae dependent on the oestrous cycle did not alter the worms' destination or affect their potential for development. In particular, the results are prima facie evidence that prolactin is not, on its own, responsible for the re-orientation of larvae in the tissues of nursing mothers. Other sources of variability in experimental S. ratti infections are analysed and the 'exact dose' technique offered as a corrective for some procedural errors.
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Abstract
The experiment was designed to determine whether specific cognitive strategies are effective in reducing pain. Subjects were tested either on cold pain or pressure pain. Although the cognitive strategies did not significantly alter pain tolerance or pain intensity, the following four findings emerged: (a) males and females responded in a similar manner to the painful stimuli, (b) both the experimental subjects and the controls had surprisingly high tolerance of pain, (c) subjects typically generated their own thoughts and images to control pain, and (d) subjects responded to cold pain and to pressure pain in a similar manner.
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Wilson PA, Gentle M, Scott DS. Dynamic determinants of the route of larval Strongyloides ratti in lactating rats and the control of experimental error in quantitative studies of milk transmission of skin-penetrating roundworms. Parasitology 1976; 73:399-406. [PMID: 1012754 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000047065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous injection of nursing mothers from day 16 to day 20 post partum with infective larvae of Strongyloides ratti or Nippostrongylus brasiliensis does not result in the development of worms in the litters if 1 h is allowed between injection and resumed nursing and suckling is terminated 24 h later. Thus the low numbers of N. brasiliensis (1% of the dose) which develop in litters after 24 h, 4 day or 5 days suckling when mothers are injected and returned to their young immediately, represent skin invasion and not milk-borne infection. Taking precautions consistent with the foregoing, S. ratti equivalent to 28%, 45%, 45% and 48% of the dose were shown to be transmitted in the milk to suckling rats of 4 mothers injected with 4000 L 3 on day 18 post partum and 72 h before weaning. One mother of the same batch failed to transmit worms (1% of the dose in the litter) and the take in all 5 mothers was insignificant (max. = 3% of the dose versus an average of 21% in controls). Large numbers of S. ratti were subsequently found in the intestines of mothers whose litters were weaned immediately after (21%) or 6 h after (16%) injection, whereas very few (less than 1%) developed in mothers deprived of their offspring 24 h after injection. Dynamic, rather than static, determinants of larval routes inside the host present the only logical basis for an explanation of these facts.
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Abstract
The numbers of mature worms which developed in young rats after their mothers were injected with 4000 L3 late in lactation were 1% (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis) and 24% (Strongyloides ratti) of the dose administered. The low value for N. brasiliensis validates the conclusion that milk is a real and important vehicle for infection in S. ratti since possible errors from skin invasion of the young would have been common to both species. The level of mature S. ratti infection in lactating mothers in this experiment was negligible, 97-99% of the adult worms appearing in the offspring. These results may indicate that the milk route is possible with N. brasiliensis even though it is quantitatively insignificant.
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Cautela JR, Scott DS, Leonard C. The institutional aversive survey schedule. Psychol Rep 1975; 37:1227-35. [PMID: 1208745 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1975.37.3f.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the use of the Institutional Aversive Survey Schedule developed for the identification of potential and present aversive stimuli by institutionalized patients. 112 patients in four hospitals were administered the questionnaire. Females ( n = 43) rated their environment more aversive than males ( n = 69). This finding is in agreement with similar results obtained with studies employing the Fear Survey Schedule. Hospitals were rated differently in terms of the quality and degree of aversive stimuli. The authors describe in detail the uses of the questionnaire in research and therapy.
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