1
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Zhang J, Li J, Hou Y, Lin Y, Zhao H, Shi Y, Chen K, Nian C, Tang J, Pan L, Xing Y, Gao H, Yang B, Song Z, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Sun M, Linghu Y, Li J, Huang H, Lai Z, Zhou Z, Li Z, Sun X, Chen Q, Su D, Li W, Peng Z, Liu P, Chen W, Huang H, Chen Y, Xiao B, Ye L, Chen L, Zhou D. Osr2 functions as a biomechanical checkpoint to aggravate CD8 + T cell exhaustion in tumor. Cell 2024; 187:3409-3426.e24. [PMID: 38744281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and stiffness represent hallmarks of cancer. Whether the biomechanical property of ECM impacts the functionality of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells remains largely unknown. Here, we reveal that the transcription factor (TF) Osr2 integrates biomechanical signaling and facilitates the terminal exhaustion of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Osr2 expression is selectively induced in the terminally exhausted tumor-specific CD8+ T cell subset by coupled T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and biomechanical stress mediated by the Piezo1/calcium/CREB axis. Consistently, depletion of Osr2 alleviates the exhaustion of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells or CAR-T cells, whereas forced Osr2 expression aggravates their exhaustion in solid tumor models. Mechanistically, Osr2 recruits HDAC3 to rewire the epigenetic program for suppressing cytotoxic gene expression and promoting CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Thus, our results unravel Osr2 functions as a biomechanical checkpoint to exacerbate CD8+ T cell exhaustion and could be targeted to potentiate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Junhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yongqiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Changping Laboratory, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yiran Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Kaiyun Chen
- Fujian State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Cheng Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiayu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunzhi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Huan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Bingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zengfang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Min Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yueyue Linghu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhangjian Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhien Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiufeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Dongxue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wengang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic & Organ Transplantation Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic & Organ Transplantation Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Pingguo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Fujian State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Bailong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Changping Laboratory, 102206 Beijing, China.
| | - Lanfen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Dawang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiang'an Hospital, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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2
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Lofrano-Porto A, Pereira SA, Dauber A, Bloom JC, Fontes AN, Asimow N, de Moraes OL, Araujo PAT, Abreu AP, Guo MH, De Oliveira SF, Liu H, Lee C, Kuohung W, Coelho MS, Carroll RS, Jiang R, Kaiser UB. OSR1 disruption contributes to uterine factor infertility via impaired Müllerian duct development and endometrial receptivity. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e161701. [PMID: 37847567 PMCID: PMC10688984 DOI: 10.1172/jci161701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Three sisters, born from consanguineous parents, manifested a unique Müllerian anomaly characterized by uterine hypoplasia with thin estrogen-unresponsive endometrium and primary amenorrhea, but with spontaneous tubal pregnancies. Through whole-exome sequencing followed by comprehensive genetic analysis, a missense variant was identified in the OSR1 gene. We therefore investigated OSR1/OSR1 expression in postpubertal human uteri, and the prenatal and postnatal expression pattern of Osr1/Osr1 in murine developing Müllerian ducts (MDs) and endometrium, respectively. We then investigated whether Osr1 deletion would affect MD development, using WT and genetically engineered mice. Human uterine OSR1/OSR1 expression was found primarily in the endometrium. Mouse Osr1 was expressed prenatally in MDs and Wolffian ducts (WDs), from rostral to caudal segments, in E13.5 embryos. MDs and WDs were absent on the left side and MDs were rostrally truncated on the right side of E13.5 Osr1-/- embryos. Postnatally, Osr1 was expressed in mouse uteri throughout their lifespan, peaking at postnatal days 14 and 28. Osr1 protein was present primarily in uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells and in the epithelial cells of mouse oviducts. Through this translational approach, we demonstrated that OSR1 in humans and mice is important for MD development and endometrial receptivity and may be implicated in uterine factor infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lofrano-Porto
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory (FARMOL), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
- Section of Endocrinology, Gonadal and Adrenal Diseases Clinics, University Hospital of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sidney Alcântara Pereira
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory (FARMOL), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jordana C.B. Bloom
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Audrey N. Fontes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naomi Asimow
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olívia Laquis de Moraes
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory (FARMOL), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - Petra Ariadne T. Araujo
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory (FARMOL), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Abreu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael H. Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silviene F. De Oliveira
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles Lee
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wendy Kuohung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michella S. Coelho
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory (FARMOL), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - Rona S. Carroll
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ursula B. Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Perry BW, McDonald AL, Trojahn S, Saxton MW, Vincent EP, Lowry C, Evans Hutzenbiler BD, Cornejo OE, Robbins CT, Jansen HT, Kelley JL. Feeding during hibernation shifts gene expression toward active season levels in brown bears ( Ursus arctos). Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:368-380. [PMID: 37486084 PMCID: PMC10642923 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00030.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hibernation in bears involves a suite of metabolical and physiological changes, including the onset of insulin resistance, that are driven in part by sweeping changes in gene expression in multiple tissues. Feeding bears glucose during hibernation partially restores active season physiological phenotypes, including partial resensitization to insulin, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this transition remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze tissue-level gene expression in adipose, liver, and muscle to identify genes that respond to midhibernation glucose feeding and thus potentially drive postfeeding metabolical and physiological shifts. We show that midhibernation feeding stimulates differential expression in all analyzed tissues of hibernating bears and that a subset of these genes responds specifically by shifting expression toward levels typical of the active season. Inferences of upstream regulatory molecules potentially driving these postfeeding responses implicate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and other known regulators of insulin sensitivity, providing new insight into high-level regulatory mechanisms involved in shifting metabolic phenotypes between hibernation and active states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair W Perry
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Anna L McDonald
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Shawn Trojahn
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Michael W Saxton
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Ellery P Vincent
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Courtney Lowry
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | | | - Omar E Cornejo
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Charles T Robbins
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Heiko T Jansen
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Joanna L Kelley
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
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4
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Won HJ, Kim JW, Won HS, Shin JO. Gene Regulatory Networks and Signaling Pathways in Palatogenesis and Cleft Palate: A Comprehensive Review. Cells 2023; 12:1954. [PMID: 37566033 PMCID: PMC10416829 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Palatogenesis is a complex and intricate process involving the formation of the palate through various morphogenetic events highly dependent on the surrounding context. These events comprise outgrowth of palatal shelves from embryonic maxillary prominences, their elevation from a vertical to a horizontal position above the tongue, and their subsequent adhesion and fusion at the midline to separate oral and nasal cavities. Disruptions in any of these processes can result in cleft palate, a common congenital abnormality that significantly affects patient's quality of life, despite surgical intervention. Although many genes involved in palatogenesis have been identified through studies on genetically modified mice and human genetics, the precise roles of these genes and their products in signaling networks that regulate palatogenesis remain elusive. Recent investigations have revealed that palatal shelf growth, patterning, adhesion, and fusion are intricately regulated by numerous transcription factors and signaling pathways, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh), bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp), fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), transforming growth factor beta (Tgf-β), Wnt signaling, and others. These studies have also identified a significant number of genes that are essential for palate development. Integrated information from these studies offers novel insights into gene regulatory networks and dynamic cellular processes underlying palatal shelf elevation, contact, and fusion, deepening our understanding of palatogenesis, and facilitating the development of more efficacious treatments for cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jin Won
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Won
- Department of Anatomy, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
- Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Oh Shin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 33151, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 33151, Republic of Korea
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5
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Chen X, Li N, Hu P, Li L, Li D, Liu H, Zhu L, Xiao J, Liu C. Deficiency of Fam20b-Catalyzed Glycosaminoglycan Chain Synthesis in Neural Crest Leads to Cleft Palate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119634. [PMID: 37298583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is one of the most common birth defects. Previous studies revealed that multiple factors, including impaired intracellular or intercellular signals, and incoordination of oral organs led to cleft palate, but were little concerned about the contribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during palatogenesis. Proteoglycans (PGs) are one of the important macromolecules in the ECM. They exert biological functions through one or more glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to core proteins. The family with sequence similarity 20 member b (Fam20b) are newly identified kinase-phosphorylating xylose residues that promote the correct assembly of the tetrasaccharide linkage region by creating a premise for GAG chain elongation. In this study, we explored the function of GAG chains in palate development through Wnt1-Cre; Fam20bf/f mice, which exhibited complete cleft palate, malformed tongue, and micrognathia. In contrast, Osr2-Cre; Fam20bf/f mice, in which Fam20b was deleted only in palatal mesenchyme, showed no abnormality, suggesting that failed palatal elevation in Wnt1-Cre; Fam20bf/f mice was secondary to micrognathia. In addition, the reduced GAG chains promoted the apoptosis of palatal cells, primarily resulting in reduced cell density and decreased palatal volume. The suppressed BMP signaling and reduced mineralization indicated an impaired osteogenesis of palatine, which could be rescued partially by constitutively active Bmpr1a. Together, our study highlighted the key role of GAG chains in palate morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Danya Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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6
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Liu C, Zhou N, Li N, Xu T, Chen X, Zhou H, Xie A, Liu H, Zhu L, Wang S, Xiao J. Disrupted tenogenesis in masseter as a potential cause of micrognathia. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:50. [PMID: 36257937 PMCID: PMC9579150 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Micrognathia is a severe craniofacial deformity affecting appearance and survival. Previous studies revealed that multiple factors involved in the osteogenesis of mandibular bone have contributed to micrognathia, but concerned little on factors other than osteogenesis. In the current study, we found that ectopic activation of Fgf8 by Osr2-cre in the presumptive mesenchyme for masseter tendon in mice led to micrognathia, masseter regression, and the disrupted patterning and differentiation of masseter tendon. Since Myf5-cre;Rosa26R-Fgf8 mice exhibited the normal masseter and mandibular bone, the possibility that the micrognathia and masseter regression resulted directly from the over-expressed Fgf8 was excluded. Further investigation disclosed that a series of chondrogenic markers were ectopically activated in the developing Osr2-cre;Rosa26R-Fgf8 masseter tendon, while the mechanical sensing in the masseter and mandibular bone was obviously reduced. Thus, it suggested that the micrognathia in Osr2-cre;Rosa26R-Fgf8 mice resulted secondarily from the reduced mechanical force transmitted to mandibular bone. Consistently, when tenogenic or myogenic components were deleted from the developing mandibles, both the micrognathia and masseter degeneration took place with the decreased mechanical sensing in mandibular bone, which verified that the loss of mechanical force transmitted by masseter tendon could result in micrognathia. Furthermore, it appeared that the micrognathia resulting from the disrupted tenogenesis was attributed to the impaired osteogenic specification, instead of the differentiation in the periosteal progenitors. Our findings disclose a novel mechanism for mandibular morphogenesis, and shed light on the prevention and treatment for micrognathia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Hailing Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Ailun Xie
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China. .,Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China. .,Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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7
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Nagasaka A, Sakiyama K, Bando Y, Yamamoto M, Abe S, Amano O. Spatiotemporal Gene Expression Regions along the Anterior-Posterior Axis in Mouse Embryos before and after Palatal Elevation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095160. [PMID: 35563549 PMCID: PMC9106036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian secondary palate is formed through complex developmental processes: growth, elevation, and fusion. Although it is known that the palatal elevation pattern changes along the anterior-posterior axis, it is unclear what molecules are expressed and whether their locations change before and after elevation. We examined the expression regions of molecules associated with palatal shelf elevation (Pax9, Osr2, and Tgfβ3) and tissue deformation (F-actin, E-cadherin, and Ki67) using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in mouse embryos at E13.5 (before elevation) and E14.5 (after elevation). Pax9 was expressed at significantly higher levels in the lingual/nasal region in the anterior and middle parts, as well as in the buccal/oral region in the posterior part at E13.5. At E14.5, Pax9 was expressed at significantly higher levels in both the lingual/nasal and buccal/oral regions in the anterior and middle parts and the buccal/oral regions in the posterior part. Osr2 was expressed at significantly higher levels in the buccal/oral region in all parts at E13.5 and was more strongly expressed at E13.5 than at E14.5 in all regions. No spatiotemporal changes were found in the other molecules. These results suggested that Pax9 and Osr2 are critical molecules leading to differences in the elevation pattern in palatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Nagasaka
- Division of Histology/Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0283, Japan; (K.S.); (Y.B.); (O.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Koji Sakiyama
- Division of Histology/Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0283, Japan; (K.S.); (Y.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Yasuhiko Bando
- Division of Histology/Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0283, Japan; (K.S.); (Y.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (M.Y.); (S.A.)
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (M.Y.); (S.A.)
| | - Osamu Amano
- Division of Histology/Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0283, Japan; (K.S.); (Y.B.); (O.A.)
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8
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Zfhx4 regulates endochondral ossification as the transcriptional platform of Osterix in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1258. [PMID: 34732852 PMCID: PMC8566502 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is regulated by transcription factors that include SRY-box transcription factor 9, runt-related protein 2 (Runx2), and Osterix. However, the sequential and harmonious regulation of the multiple steps of endochondral ossification is unclear. This study identified zinc finger homeodomain 4 (Zfhx4) as a crucial transcriptional partner of Osterix. We found that Zfhx4 was highly expressed in cartilage and that Zfhx4 deficient mice had reduced expression of matrix metallopeptidase 13 and inhibited calcification of cartilage matrices. These phenotypes were very similar to impaired chondrogenesis in Osterix deficient mice. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence indicated a physical interaction between Zfhx4 and Osterix. Notably, Zfhx4 and Osterix double mutant mice showed more severe phenotype than Zfhx4 deficient mice. Additionally, Zfhx4 interacted with Runx2 that functions upstream of Osterix. Our findings suggest that Zfhx4 coordinates the transcriptional network of Osterix and, consequently, endochondral ossification.
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9
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Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based structure projecting from a cell. Although the primary cilium shows no motility, it can recognize environmental stimuli. Thus, ciliary defects cause severe abnormalities called ciliopathies. Ciliogenesis is a very complex process and involves a myriad of components and regulators. In order to excavate the novel positive regulators of ciliogenesis, we performed mRNA microarray using starved NIH/3T3 cells. We selected 62 murine genes with corresponding human orthologs, with significantly upregulated expression at 24 h after serum withdrawal. Finally, calpain-6 was selected as a positive regulator of ciliogenesis. We found that calpain-6 deficiency reduced the percentage of ciliated cells and impaired sonic hedgehog signaling. It has been speculated that this defect might be associated with decreased levels of α-tubulin acetylation at lysine 40. This is the first study to report a novel role of calpain-6 in the formation of primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hye Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Sumin Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Je Yeong Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Gyuyeong Rah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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10
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Nagai T, Trakanant S, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Yamada Y, Watanabe M, Blackburn J, Otsuka-Tanaka Y, Hishinuma M, Kitatmura A, Meguro F, Yamada A, Kodama Y, Maeda T, Zhou Q, Saijo Y, Yasue A, Sharpe PT, Hindges R, Takagi R, Ohazama A. MicroRNAs control eyelid development through regulating Wnt signaling. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:201-210. [PMID: 30653268 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing, location, and level of gene expression are crucial for normal organ development, because morphogenesis requires strict genetic control. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small single-stranded RNAs that play a critical role in regulating gene expression level. Although miRNAs are known to be involved in many biological events, the role of miRNAs in organogenesis is not fully understood. Mammalian eyelids fuse and separate during development and growth. In mice, failure of this process results in the eye-open at birth (EOB) phenotype. RESULTS It has been shown that conditional deletion of mesenchymal Dicer (an essential protein for miRNA processing; Dicer fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre) leads to the EOB phenotype with full penetrance. Here, we identified that the up-regulation of Wnt signaling resulted in the EOB phenotype in Dicer mutants. Down-regulation of Fgf signaling observed in Dicer mutants was caused by an inverse relationship between Fgf and Wnt signaling. Shh and Bmp signaling were down-regulated as the secondary effects in Dicer fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice. Wnt, Shh, and Fgf signaling were also found to mediate the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in eyelid development. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs control eyelid development through Wnt. Developmental Dynamics 248:201-210, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Supaluk Trakanant
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.,Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Momoko Watanabe
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - James Blackburn
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Otsuka-Tanaka
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Mitsue Hishinuma
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitatmura
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kodama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Qiliang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saijo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasue
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hindges
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Abdullah HM, Chhikara S, Akbari P, Schnell DJ, Pareek A, Dhankher OP. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggests bottlenecks that limit seed and oil yields in transgenic Camelina sativa expressing diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:335. [PMID: 30574188 PMCID: PMC6299664 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camelina sativa has attracted much interest as alternative renewable resources for biodiesel, other oil-based industrial products and a source for edible oils. Its unique oil attributes attract research to engineering new varieties of improved oil quantity and quality. The overexpression of enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of the glycerol backbone and the sequential conjugation of fatty acids into this backbone is a promising approach for increasing the levels of triacylglycerol (TAG). In a previous study, we co-expressed the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1), involved in TAG metabolism, in Camelina seeds. Transgenic plants exhibited a higher-percentage seed oil content, a greater seed mass, and overall improved seed and oil yields relative to wild-type plants. To further increase seed oil content in Camelina, we utilized metabolite profiling, in conjunction with transcriptome profiling during seed development to examine potential rate-limiting step(s) in the production of building blocks for TAG biosynthesis. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis revealed approximately 2518 and 3136 transcripts differentially regulated at significant levels in DGAT1 and GPD1 transgenics, respectively. These transcripts were found to be involved in various functional categories, including alternative metabolic routes in fatty acid synthesis, TAG assembly, and TAG degradation. We quantified the relative contents of over 240 metabolites. Our results indicate major metabolic switches in transgenic seeds associated with significant changes in the levels of glycerolipids, amino acids, sugars, and organic acids, especially the TCA cycle and glycolysis intermediates. CONCLUSIONS From the transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of DGAT1, GPD1 and DGAT1 + GPD1 expressing lines of C. sativa, we conclude that TAG production is limited by (1) utilization of fixed carbon from the source tissues supported by the increase in glycolysis pathway metabolites and decreased transcripts levels of transcription factors controlling fatty acids synthesis; (2) TAG accumulation is limited by the activity of lipases/hydrolases that hydrolyze TAG pool supported by the increase in free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. This comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics approach is useful in understanding the regulation of TAG biosynthesis, identifying bottlenecks, and the corresponding genes controlling these pathways identified as limitations, for generating Camelina varieties with improved seed and oil yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M. Abdullah
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651 Egypt
- Present Address: Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Sudesh Chhikara
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Present Address: Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Parisa Akbari
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Danny J. Schnell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 100067 India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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12
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Fu X, Xu J, Chaturvedi P, Liu H, Jiang R, Lan Y. Identification of Osr2 Transcriptional Target Genes in Palate Development. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1451-1458. [PMID: 28731788 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517719749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified the odd-skipped related 2 (Osr2) transcription factor as a key intrinsic regulator of palatal shelf growth and morphogenesis. However, little is known about the molecular program acting downstream of Osr2 in the regulation of palatogenesis. In this study, we isolated palatal mesenchyme cells from embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) and E13.5 Osr2RFP/+ and Osr2RFP/- mutant mouse embryos and performed whole transcriptome RNA sequencing analyses. Differential expression analysis of the RNA sequencing datasets revealed that expression of 70 genes was upregulated and expression of 61 genes was downregulated by >1.5-fold at both E12.5 and E13.5 in the Osr2RFP/- palatal mesenchyme cells, in comparison with Osr2RFP/+ littermates. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of signaling molecules and transcription factors crucial for skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation among those significantly upregulated in the Osr2 mutant palatal mesenchyme. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)and in situ hybridization assays, we validated that the Osr2-/- embryos exhibit significantly increased and expanded expression of many osteogenic pathway genes, including Bmp3, Bmp5, Bmp7, Mef2c, Sox6, and Sp7 in the developing palatal mesenchyme. Furthermore, we demonstrate that expression of Sema3a, Sema3d, and Sema3e, is ectopically activated in the developing palatal mesenchyme in Osr2-/- embryos. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by RT-PCR analysis, we demonstrate that endogenous Osr2 protein binds to the promoter regions of the Sema3a and Sema3d genes in the embryonic palatal mesenchyme. Moreover, Osr2 expression repressed the transcription from the Sema3a and Sema3d promoters in cotransfected cells. Since the Sema3 subfamily of signaling molecules plays diverse roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, these data reveal a novel role for Osr2 in regulation of palatal morphogenesis through preventing aberrant activation of Sema3 signaling. Together, these data indicate that Osr2 controls multiple molecular pathways, including BMP and Sema3 signaling, in palate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fu
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Xu
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - P Chaturvedi
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Liu
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R Jiang
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,2 Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Y Lan
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,2 Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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13
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Functional Equivalence of the SOX2 and SOX3 Transcription Factors in the Developing Mouse Brain and Testes. Genetics 2017; 206:1495-1503. [PMID: 28515211 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.202549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene duplication provides spare genetic material that evolution can craft into new functions. Sox2 and Sox3 are evolutionarily related genes with overlapping and unique sites of expression during embryogenesis. It is currently unclear whether SOX2 and SOX3 have identical or different functions. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9-assisted mutagenesis to perform a gene-swap, replacing the Sox3 ORF with the Sox2 ORF to investigate their functional equivalence in the brain and testes. We show that increased expression of SOX2 can functionally replace SOX3 in the development of the infundibular recess/ventral diencephalon, and largely rescues pituitary gland defects that occur in Sox3 null mice. We also show that ectopic expression of SOX2 in the testes functionally rescues the spermatogenic defect of Sox3 null mice, and restores gene expression to near normal levels. Together, these in vivo data provide strong evidence that SOX2 and SOX3 proteins are functionally equivalent.
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14
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Bendall AJ. Direct evidence of allele equivalency at the Dlx5/6 locus. Genesis 2016; 54:272-6. [PMID: 26953501 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The retention of paralogous regulatory genes is a vertebrate hallmark and likely underpinned vertebrate origins. Dlx genes belong to a family of paralogous transcription factors whose evolutionary history of gene expansion and divergence is apparent from the gene synteny, shared exon-intron structure, and coding sequence homology found in extant vertebrate genomes. Dlx genes are expressed in a nested combination within the first pharyngeal arch and knockout studies in mice clearly point to a "Dlx code" that operates to define maxillary and mandibular position in the first arch. The nature of that code is not yet clear; an important goal for understanding Dlx gene function in both patterning and differentiation lies in distinguishing functional inputs that are paralog-specific (a qualitative model) versus Dlx family-generic (a quantitative model) and, in the latter case, the relative contribution made by each paralog. Here, multiple developmental deficiencies were identified in derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch in neonatal Dlx5/6(+/-) mice that resembled those seen in either paralog-specific null mutants. These data clearly demonstrate a substantial degree of allele equivalency and support a quantitative model of Dlx function during craniofacial morphogenesis. genesis 54:272-276, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bendall
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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15
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Wu W, Gu S, Sun C, He W, Xie X, Li X, Ye W, Qin C, Chen Y, Xiao J, Liu C. Altered FGF Signaling Pathways Impair Cell Proliferation and Elevation of Palate Shelves. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136951. [PMID: 26332583 PMCID: PMC4558018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In palatogenesis, palatal shelves are patterned along the mediolateral axis as well as the anteroposterior axis before the onset of palatal fusion. Fgf10 specifically expressed in lateral mesenchyme of palate maintains Shh transcription in lateral epithelium, while Fgf7 activated in medial mesenchyme by Dlx5, suppressed the expansion of Shh expression to medial epithelium. How FGF signaling pathways regulate the cell behaviors of developing palate remains elusive. In our study, we found that when Fgf8 is ectopically expressed in the embryonic palatal mesenchyme, the elevation of palatal shelves is impaired and the posterior palatal shelves are enlarged, especially in the medial side. The palatal deformity results from the drastic increase of cell proliferation in posterior mesenchyme and decrease of cell proliferation in epithelium. The expression of mesenchymal Fgf10 and epithelial Shh in the lateral palate, as well as the Dlx5 and Fgf7 transcription in the medial mesenchyme are all interrupted, indicating that the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during palatogenesis are disrupted by the ectopic activation of mesenchymal Fgf8. Besides the altered Fgf7, Fgf10, Dlx5 and Shh expression pattern, the reduced Osr2 expression domain in the lateral mesenchyme also suggests an impaired mediolateral patterning of posterior palate. Moreover, the ectopic Fgf8 expression up-regulates pJak1 throughout the palatal mesenchyme and pErk in the medial mesenchyme, but down-regulates pJak2 in the epithelium, suggesting that during normal palatogenesis, the medial mesenchymal cell proliferation is stimulated by FGF/Erk pathway, while the epithelial cell proliferation is maintained through FGF/Jak2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Sciences and Engineering School, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shuping Gu
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Sciences and Engineering School, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Sciences and Engineering School, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Wei He
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Sciences and Engineering School, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, the 2 Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xihai Li
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Sciences and Engineering School, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenduo Ye
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Sciences and Engineering School, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Sciences and Engineering School, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (CL)
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Sciences and Engineering School, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (CL)
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16
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Curtain M, Heffner CS, Maddox DM, Gudis P, Donahue LR, Murray SA. A novel allele of Alx4 results in reduced Fgf10 expression and failure of eyelid fusion in mice. Mamm Genome 2015; 26:173-80. [PMID: 25673119 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-015-9557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Normal fusion of developing eyelids requires coordination of inductive signals from the eyelid mesenchyme with migration of the periderm cell layer and constriction of the eyelids across the eye. Failure of this process results in an eyelids open at birth (EOB) phenotype in mice. We have identified a novel spontaneous allele of Alx4 that displays EOB, in addition to polydactyly and cranial malformations. Alx4 is expressed in the eyelid mesenchyme prior to and during eyelid fusion in a domain overlapping the expression of genes that also play a role in normal eyelid development. We show that Alx4 mutant mice have reduced expression of Fgf10, a key factor expressed in the mesenchyme that is required for initiation of eyelid fusion by the periderm. This is accompanied by a reduced number of periderm cells expressing phosphorylated c-Jun, consistent with the incomplete ablation of Fgf10 expression. Together, these data demonstrate that eyelid fusion in mice requires the expression of Alx4, accompanied by the loss of normal expression of essential components of the eyelid fusion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Curtain
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
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17
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Cheatle Jarvela AM, Hinman VF. Evolution of transcription factor function as a mechanism for changing metazoan developmental gene regulatory networks. EvoDevo 2015; 6:3. [PMID: 25685316 PMCID: PMC4327956 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-6-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The form that an animal takes during development is directed by gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Developmental GRNs interpret maternally deposited molecules and externally supplied signals to direct cell-fate decisions, which ultimately leads to the arrangements of organs and tissues in the organism. Genetically encoded modifications to these networks have generated the wide range of metazoan diversity that exists today. Most studies of GRN evolution focus on changes to cis-regulatory DNA, and it was historically theorized that changes to the transcription factors that bind to these cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) contribute to this process only rarely. A growing body of evidence suggests that changes to the coding regions of transcription factors play a much larger role in the evolution of developmental gene regulatory networks than originally imagined. Just as cis-regulatory changes make use of modular binding site composition and tissue-specific modules to avoid pleiotropy, transcription factor coding regions also predominantly evolve in ways that limit the context of functional effects. Here, we review the recent works that have led to this unexpected change in the field of Evolution and Development (Evo-Devo) and consider the implications these studies have had on our understanding of the evolution of developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alys M Cheatle Jarvela
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Veronica F Hinman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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18
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Tavakolinejad S, Ebrahimzadeh Bidskan A, Ashraf H, Hamidi Alamdari D. A glance at methods for cleft palate repair. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e15393. [PMID: 25593724 PMCID: PMC4270645 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Context: Cleft palate is the second most common birth defect and is considered as a challenge for pediatric plastic surgeons. There is still a general lack of a standard protocol and patients often require multiple surgical interventions during their lifetime along with disappointing results. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed search was undertaken using search terms including 'cleft palate repair', 'palatal cleft closure', 'cleft palate + stem cells', 'cleft palate + plasma rich platelet', 'cleft palate + scaffold', 'palatal tissue engineering', and 'bone tissue engineering'. The found articles were included if they defined a therapeutic strategy and/or assessed a new technique. Results: We reported a summary of the key-points concerning cleft palate development, the genes involving this defect, current therapeutic strategies, recently novel aspects, and future advances in treatments for easy and fast understanding of the concepts, rather than a systematic review. In addition, the results were integrated with our recent experience. Conclusions: Tissue engineering may open a new window in cleft palate reconstruction. Stem cells and growth factors play key roles in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Tavakolinejad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Ebrahimzadeh Bidskan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Hami Ashraf
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari, Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9151017650, E-mail:
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19
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Lozić B, Krželj V, Kuzmić-Prusac I, Kuzmanić-Šamija R, Čapkun V, Lasan R, Zemunik T. The OSR1 rs12329305 polymorphism contributes to the development of congenital malformations in cases of stillborn/neonatal death. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1531-8. [PMID: 25164089 PMCID: PMC4156340 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Involvement of development-related gene polymorphisms in multifactorial/polygenic etiology of stillborn/neonatal deaths due to malformations has been insufficiently tested. Since these genes showed evolutional stability and their mutations are very rare, we can assume that their polymorphic variants may be a risk factor associated with the occurrence of developmental disorders of unknown etiology or can enhance the phenotypic variability of known genetic disorders. Material/Methods To determine the association of 3 polymorphisms involved in the regulation of the early embryonic development of different organs, we conducted an association study of their relation to the particular malformation. We selected 140 samples of archived paraffin tissue samples from deceased patients in which fetal/neonatal autopsy examination had shown congenital abnormalities as the most likely cause of death. The polymorphisms of OSR1 rs12329305, rs9936833 near FOXF1, and HOXA1 rs10951154 were genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Results After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, significant allelic association with stillborn/neonatal deaths was observed for rs12329305 (p=7×10−4). In addition, association analysis for the same polymorphism was shown in the subgroup with isolated anomalies (1.25×10−5), particularly in the subgroup of cases with kidney and heart anomalies (p=4.18×10−5, p=5.12×10−8, respectively). Conclusions The findings of the present study showed, for the first time, the role of the OSR1 rs12329305 polymorphism in the development of congenital malformations in cases of stillborn/neonatal death, particularly in those with congenital kidney and heart developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Lozić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vjekoslav Krželj
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Vesna Čapkun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ružica Lasan
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine Split, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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20
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Odd-skipped related-1 controls neural crest chondrogenesis during tongue development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:18555-60. [PMID: 24167250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306495110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a critical element of the feeding system in tetrapod animals for their successful adaptation to terrestrial life. Whereas the oral part of the mammalian tongue contains soft tissues only, the avian tongue has an internal skeleton extending to the anterior tip. The mechanisms underlying the evolutionary divergence in tongue skeleton formation are completely unknown. We show here that the odd-skipped related-1 (Osr1) transcription factor is expressed throughout the neural crest-derived tongue mesenchyme in mouse, but not in chick, embryos during early tongue morphogenesis. Neural crest-specific inactivation of Osr1 resulted in formation of an ectopic cartilage in the mouse tongue, reminiscent in shape and developmental ontogeny of the anterior tongue cartilage in chick. SRY-box containing gene-9 (Sox9), the master regulator of chondrogenesis, is widely expressed in the nascent tongue mesenchyme at the onset of tongue morphogenesis but its expression is dramatically down-regulated concomitant with activation of Osr1 expression in the developing mouse tongue. In Osr1 mutant mouse embryos, expression of Sox9 persisted in the developing tongue mesenchyme where chondrogenesis is subsequently activated to form the ectopic cartilage. Furthermore, we show that Osr1 binds to the Sox9 gene promoter and that overexpression of Osr1 suppressed expression of endogenous Sox9 mRNAs and Sox9 promoter-driven reporter. These data indicate that Osr1 normally prevents chondrogenesis in the mammalian tongue through repression of Sox9 expression and suggest that changes in regulation of Osr1 expression in the neural crest-derived tongue mesenchyme underlie the evolutionary divergence of birds from other vertebrates in tongue morphogenesis.
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21
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Verlinden L, Kriebitzsch C, Eelen G, Van Camp M, Leyssens C, Tan BK, Beullens I, Verstuyf A. The odd-skipped related genes Osr1 and Osr2 are induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:94-7. [PMID: 23238298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The odd-skipped related genes Osr1 and Osr2 encode closely related zinc finger containing transcription factors that are expressed in developing limb. However, their role in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation remains controversial and little is known about their regulation. In this study we showed that both Osr1 and Osr2 were expressed in several murine and human osteoblast cell lines as well as in primary osteoblast cultures. Moreover, their transcript levels were regulated by a number of osteogenic stimuli in murine pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. The most robust regulation of Osr1 and Osr2 mRNA levels was observed after stimulation with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induced transcript levels of Osr1 and Osr2 and this up-regulation was confirmed in other osteoblast cultures, both from murine and human origin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve Verlinden
- Laboratorium voor Klinische en Experimentele Endocrinologie, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Rankin SA, Gallas AL, Neto A, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Zorn AM. Suppression of Bmp4 signaling by the zinc-finger repressors Osr1 and Osr2 is required for Wnt/β-catenin-mediated lung specification in Xenopus. Development 2012; 139:3010-20. [PMID: 22791896 DOI: 10.1242/dev.078220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic development of the respiratory system is regulated by a series of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions that are only partially understood. Mesenchymal FGF and Wnt2/Wnt2b signaling are implicated in specification of mammalian pulmonary progenitors from the ventral foregut endoderm, but their epistatic relationship and downstream targets are largely unknown. In addition, how wnt2 and wnt2b are regulated in the developing foregut mesenchyme is unknown. We show that the Odd-skipped-related (Osr) zinc-finger transcriptional repressors Osr1 and Osr2 are redundantly required for Xenopus lung specification in a molecular pathway linking foregut pattering by FGFs to Wnt-mediated lung specification and RA-regulated lung bud growth. FGF and RA signals are required for robust osr1 and osr2 expression in the foregut endoderm and surrounding lateral plate mesoderm (lpm) prior to respiratory specification. Depletion of both Osr1 and Osr2 (Osr1/Osr2) results in agenesis of the lungs, trachea and esophagus. The foregut lpm of Osr1/Osr2-depleted embryos fails to express wnt2, wnt2b and raldh2, and consequently Nkx2.1(+) progenitors are not specified. Our data suggest that Osr1/Osr2 normally repress bmp4 expression in the lpm, and that BMP signaling negatively regulates the wnt2b domain. These results significantly advance our understanding of early lung development and may impact strategies to differentiate respiratory tissue from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Rankin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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23
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Bush JO, Jiang R. Palatogenesis: morphogenetic and molecular mechanisms of secondary palate development. Development 2012; 139:231-43. [PMID: 22186724 DOI: 10.1242/dev.067082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian palatogenesis is a highly regulated morphogenetic process during which the embryonic primary and secondary palatal shelves develop as outgrowths from the medial nasal and maxillary prominences, respectively, remodel and fuse to form the intact roof of the oral cavity. The complexity of control of palatogenesis is reflected by the common occurrence of cleft palate in humans. Although the embryology of the palate has long been studied, the past decade has brought substantial new knowledge of the genetic control of secondary palate development. Here, we review major advances in the understanding of the morphogenetic and molecular mechanisms controlling palatal shelf growth, elevation, adhesion and fusion, and palatal bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O Bush
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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24
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Neto A, Mercader N, Gómez-Skarmeta JL. The Osr1 and Osr2 genes act in the pronephric anlage downstream of retinoic acid signaling and upstream of Wnt2b to maintain pectoral fin development. Development 2011; 139:301-11. [PMID: 22129829 DOI: 10.1242/dev.074856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate odd-skipped related genes (Osr) have an essential function during the formation of the intermediate mesoderm (IM) and the kidney structures derived from it. Here, we show that these genes are also crucial for limb bud formation in the adjacent lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Reduction of zebrafish Osr function impairs fin development by the failure of tbx5a maintenance in the developing pectoral fin bud. Osr morphant embryos show reduced wnt2b expression, and increasing Wnt signaling in Osr morphant embryos partially rescues tbx5a expression. Thus, Osr genes control limb bud development in a non-cell-autonomous manner, probably through the activation of Wnt2b. Finally, we demonstrate that Osr genes are downstream targets of retinoic acid (RA) signaling. Therefore, Osr genes act as a relay within the genetic cascade of fin bud formation: by controlling the expression of the signaling molecule Wnt2ba in the IM they play an essential function transmitting the RA signaling originated in the somites to the LPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Neto
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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25
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Stricker S, Mathia S, Haupt J, Seemann P, Meier J, Mundlos S. Odd-skipped related genes regulate differentiation of embryonic limb mesenchyme and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:623-33. [PMID: 21671783 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of progenitor cell differentiation to a specific tissue type is one of the fundamental questions of biology. Here, we identify Osr1 and Osr2, 2 closely related genes encoding zinc finger transcription factors, as being strongly expressed in irregular connective tissue (ICT) fibroblasts in the chicken embryo, suitable as a developmental marker. We provide evidence that both Osr1 and Osr2 regulate mesenchymal cell-type differentiation. Both Osr1 and Osr2 can promote the formation of ICT, a cell type of so far unknown molecular specification, while suppressing differentiation of other tissues such as cartilage and tendon from uncommitted progenitors. Conversely, knockdown of either Osr gene alone or in combination reverses this effect, thereby leading to decreased differentiation of ICT fibroblasts and increased chondrogenesis in vitro. This indicates that Osr genes play a pivotal role in ICT fibroblast differentiation. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells reside in the adult body in the form of mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow cavity. Using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from chicken fetal long bones, we show that Osr1 and Osr2 have an intrinsic role in BMSC differentiation similar to their role in early embryonic development, that is, the enforcement of CT fibroblast differentiation and the repression of other cell types as exemplified here by osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigmar Stricker
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Osr2 acts downstream of Pax9 and interacts with both Msx1 and Pax9 to pattern the tooth developmental field. Dev Biol 2011; 353:344-53. [PMID: 21420399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian tooth development depends on activation of odontogenic potential in the presumptive dental mesenchyme by the Msx1 and Pax9 transcription factors. We recently reported that the zinc finger transcription factor Osr2 was expressed in a lingual-to-buccal gradient pattern surrounding the developing mouse molar tooth germs and mice lacking Osr2 developed supernumerary teeth lingual to their molars. We report here generation of a gene-targeted mouse strain that allows conditional inactivation of Pax9 and subsequent activation of expression of Osr2 in the developing tooth mesenchyme from the Pax9 locus. Expression of Osr2 from one copy of the Pax9 gene did not disrupt normal tooth development but was sufficient to suppress supernumerary tooth formation in the Osr2(-/-) mutant mice. We found that endogenous Osr2 mRNA expression was significantly downregulated in the developing tooth mesenchyme in Pax9(del/del) mice. Mice lacking both Osr2 and Pax9 exhibited early tooth developmental arrest with significantly reduced Bmp4 and Msx1 mRNA expression in the developing tooth mesenchyme, similar to that in Pax9(del/del) mutants but in contrast to the rescue of tooth morphogenesis in Msx1(-/-)Osr2(-/-) double mutant mice. Furthermore, we found that Osr2 formed stable protein complexes with the Msx1 protein and interacted weakly with the Pax9 protein in co-transfected cells. These data indicate that Osr2 acts downstream of Pax9 and patterns the mesenchymal odontogenic field through protein-protein interactions with Msx1 and Pax9 during early tooth development.
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27
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Gao Y, Lan Y, Liu H, Jiang R. The zinc finger transcription factors Osr1 and Osr2 control synovial joint formation. Dev Biol 2011; 352:83-91. [PMID: 21262216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synovial joints enable smooth articulations between different skeletal elements and are essential for the motility of vertebrates. Despite decades of extensive studies of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of limb and skeletal development, the molecular mechanisms governing synovial joint formation are still poorly understood. In particular, whereas several signaling pathways have been shown to play critical roles in joint maintenance, the mechanism controlling joint initiation is unknown. Here we report that Osr1 and Osr2, the mammalian homologs of the odd-skipped family of zinc finger transcription factors that are required for leg joint formation in Drosophila, are both strongly expressed in the developing synovial joint cells in mice. Whereas Osr1(-/-) mutant mice died at midgestation and Osr2(-/-) mutant mice had only subtle defects in synovial joint development, tissue-specific inactivation of Osr1 in the developing limb mesenchyme in Osr2(-/-) mutant mice caused fusion of multiple joints. We found that Osr1 and Osr2 function is required for maintenance of expression of signaling molecules critical for joint formation, including Gdf5, Wnt4 and Wnt9b. In addition, joint cells in the double mutants failed to upregulate expression of the articular cartilage marker gene Prg4. These data indicate that Osr1 and Osr2 function redundantly to control synovial joint formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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28
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Yu W, Serrano M, Miguel SS, Ruest LB, Svoboda KK. Cleft lip and palate genetics and application in early embryological development. Indian J Plast Surg 2009; 42 Suppl:S35-50. [PMID: 19884679 PMCID: PMC2825058 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.57185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the head involves the interaction of several cell populations and coordination of cell signalling pathways, which when disrupted can cause defects such as facial clefts. This review concentrates on genetic contributions to facial clefts with and without cleft palate (CP). An overview of early palatal development with emphasis on muscle and bone development is blended with the effects of environmental insults and known genetic mutations that impact human palatal development. An extensive table of known genes in syndromic and non-syndromic CP, with or without cleft lip (CL), is provided. We have also included some genes that have been identified in environmental risk factors for CP/L. We include primary and review references on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - Maria Serrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - Symone San Miguel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - L. Bruno Ruest
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - Kathy K.H. Svoboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
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29
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Chen J, Lan Y, Baek JA, Gao Y, Jiang R. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling plays an essential role in activation of odontogenic mesenchyme during early tooth development. Dev Biol 2009; 334:174-85. [PMID: 19631205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 07/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Classical tissue recombination studies demonstrated that initiation of tooth development depends on activation of odontogenic potential in the mesenchyme by signals from the presumptive dental epithelium. Although several members of the Wnt family of signaling molecules are expressed in the presumptive dental epithelium at the beginning of tooth initiation, whether Wnt signaling is directly involved in the activation of the odontogenic mesenchyme has not been characterized. In this report, we show that tissue-specific inactivation of beta-catenin, a central component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, in the developing tooth mesenchyme caused tooth developmental arrest at the bud stage in mice. We show that mesenchymal beta-catenin function is required for expression of Lef1 and Fgf3 in the developing tooth mesenchyme and for induction of primary enamel knot in the developing tooth epithelium. Expression of Msx1 and Pax9, two essential tooth mesenchyme transcription factors downstream of Bmp and Fgf signaling, respectively, were not altered in the absence of beta-catenin in the tooth mesenchyme. Moreover, we found that constitutive stabilization of beta-catenin in the developing palatal mesenchyme induced aberrant palatal epithelial invaginations that resembled early tooth buds both morphologically and in epithelial molecular marker expression, but without activating expression of Msx1 and Pax9 in the mesenchyme. Together, these results indicate that activation of the mesenchymal odontogenic program during early tooth development requires concerted actions of Bmp, Fgf and Wnt signaling from the presumptive dental epithelium to the mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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