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Belt AJ, Grant S, Tombes RM, Rothschild SC. Myeloid Targeted Human MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 Induces cdk9 and bcl2 Expression in Zebrafish Embryos. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011308. [PMID: 38829886 PMCID: PMC11175583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for greater than twenty thousand new cases of leukemia annually in the United States. The average five-year survival rate is approximately 30%, pointing to the need for developing novel model systems for drug discovery. In particular, patients with chromosomal rearrangements in the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene have higher relapse rates with poor outcomes. In this study we investigated the expression of human MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 in the myeloid lineage of zebrafish embryos. We observed an expansion of MLL positive cells and determined these cells colocalized with the myeloid markers spi1b, mpx, and mpeg. In addition, expression of MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 induced the expression of endogenous bcl2 and cdk9, genes that are often dysregulated in MLL-r-AML. Co-treatment of lyz: MLL-ENL or lyz:MLL-AF9 expressing embryos with the BCL2 inhibitor, Venetoclax, and the CDK9 inhibitor, Flavopiridol, significantly reduced the number of MLL positive cells compared to embryos treated with vehicle or either drug alone. In addition, cotreatment with Venetoclax and Flavopiridol significantly reduced the expression of endogenous mcl1a compared to vehicle, consistent with AML. This new model of MLL-r-AML provides a novel tool to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression and a platform for drug discovery.
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MESH Headings
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Animals
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/antagonists & inhibitors
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Humans
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Belt
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Steven Grant
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Tombes
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sarah C. Rothschild
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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2
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McLeod JJ, Rothschild SC, Francescatto L, Kim H, Tombes RM. Specific CaMKIIs mediate convergent extension cell movements in early zebrafish development. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:390-403. [PMID: 37860955 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncanonical Wnts are morphogens that can elevate intracellular Ca2+, activate the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CaMKII, and promote cell movements during vertebrate gastrulation. RESULTS Zebrafish express seven CaMKII genes during embryogenesis; two of these, camk2b1 and camk2g1, are necessary for convergent extension (CE) cell movements. CaMKII morphant phenotypes were observed as early as epiboly. At the 1-3 somite stage, neuroectoderm and paraxial cells remained unconverged in both morphants. Later, somites lacked their stereotypical shape and were wider, more closely spaced, and body gap angles increased. At 24hpf, somite compression and notochord undulation coincided with a shorter and broader body axis. A camk2b1 crispant was generated which phenocopied the camk2b1 morphant. The levels of cell proliferation, apoptosis and paraxial and neuroectodermal markers were unchanged in morphants. Hyperactivation of CaMKII during gastrulation by transient pharmacological intervention (thapsigargin) also caused CE defects. Mosaically expressed dominant-negative CaMKII recapitulated these phenotypes and showed significant midline bifurcation. Finally, the introduction of CaMKII partially rescued Wnt11 morphant phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data support a model whereby cyclically activated CaMKII encoded from two genes enables cell migration during the process of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J McLeod
- Department of Biology and VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah C Rothschild
- Department of Biology and VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Haerin Kim
- Department of Biology and VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert M Tombes
- Department of Biology and VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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3
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Rothschild SC, Lai G, Tombes RM, Clements WK. Constitutively active CaMKII Drives B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in tp53 mutant zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011102. [PMID: 38117861 PMCID: PMC10766190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer and is a malignancy of T or B lineage lymphoblasts. Dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels has been observed in patients with ALL, leading to improper activation of downstream signaling. Here we describe a new zebrafish model of B ALL, generated by expressing human constitutively active CaMKII (CA-CaMKII) in tp53 mutant lymphocytes. In this model, B cell hyperplasia in the kidney marrow and spleen progresses to overt leukemia/lymphoma, with only 29% of zebrafish surviving the first year of life. Leukemic fish have reduced productive genomic VDJ recombination in addition to reduced expression and improper splicing of ikaros1, a gene often deleted or mutated in patients with B ALL. Inhibiting CaMKII in human pre-B ALL cells induced cell death, further supporting a role for CaMKII in leukemogenesis. This research provides novel insight into the role of Ca2+-directed signaling in lymphoid malignancy and will be useful in understanding disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Rothschild
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Guanhua Lai
- Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Tombes
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Wilson K. Clements
- Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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4
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Rothschild SC, Row RH, Martin BL, Clements WK. Sclerotome is compartmentalized by parallel Shh and Bmp signaling downstream of CaMKII. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.550086. [PMID: 37503202 PMCID: PMC10370206 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.550086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The sclerotome in vertebrates comprises an embryonic population of cellular progenitors that give rise to diverse adult tissues including the axial skeleton, ribs, intervertebral discs, connective tissue, and vascular smooth muscle. In the thorax, this cell population arises in the ventromedial region of each of the segmented tissue blocks known as somites. How and when sclerotome adult tissue fates are specified and how the gene signatures that predate those fates are regulated has not been well studied. We have identified a previously unknown role for Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in regulating sclerotome patterning in zebrafish. Mechanistically, CaMKII regulates the activity of parallel signaling inputs that pattern sclerotome gene expression. In one downstream arm, CaMKII regulates distribution of the established sclerotome-inductive morphogen sonic hedgehog (Shh), and thus Shh-dependent sclerotome genes. In the second downstream arm, we show a previously unappreciated inductive requirement for Bmp signaling, where CaMKII activates expression of bmp4 and consequently Bmp activity. Bmp activates expression of a second subset of stereotypical sclerotome genes, while simultaneously repressing Shh-dependent markers. Our work demonstrates that CaMKII promotes parallel Bmp and Shh signaling as a mechanism to first promote global sclerotome specification, and that these pathways subsequently regionally activate and refine discrete compartmental genetic programs. Our work establishes how the earliest unique gene signatures that likely drive distinct cell behaviors and adult fates arise within the sclerotome.
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5
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Juan T, Ribeiro da Silva A, Cardoso B, Lim S, Charteau V, Stainier DYR. Multiple pkd and piezo gene family members are required for atrioventricular valve formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:214. [PMID: 36639367 PMCID: PMC9839778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac valves ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart, and altering their function can result in heart failure. Flow sensing via wall shear stress and wall stretching through the action of mechanosensors can modulate cardiac valve formation. However, the identity and precise role of the key mechanosensors and their effectors remain mostly unknown. Here, we genetically dissect the role of Pkd1a and other mechanosensors in atrioventricular (AV) valve formation in zebrafish and identify a role for several pkd and piezo gene family members in this process. We show that Pkd1a, together with Pkd2, Pkd1l1, and Piezo2a, promotes AV valve elongation and cardiac morphogenesis. Mechanistically, Pkd1a, Pkd2, and Pkd1l1 all repress the expression of klf2a and klf2b, transcription factor genes implicated in AV valve development. Furthermore, we find that the calcium-dependent protein kinase Camk2g is required downstream of Pkd function to repress klf2a expression. Altogether, these data identify, and dissect the role of, several mechanosensors required for AV valve formation, thereby broadening our understanding of cardiac valvulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Juan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Agatha Ribeiro da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Bárbara Cardoso
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - SoEun Lim
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Violette Charteau
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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6
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Dai W, Kesaraju S, Weber CR. Transcriptional factors in calcium mishandling and atrial fibrillation development. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1177-1197. [PMID: 34003377 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Healthy cardiac conduction relies on the coordinated electrical activity of distinct populations of cardiomyocytes. Disruption of cell-cell conduction results in cardiac arrhythmias, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent genetic studies have highlighted a major heritable component and identified numerous loci associated with risk of atrial fibrillation, including transcription factor genes, particularly those important in cardiac development, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs. Identification of such genetic factors has prompted the search to understand the mechanisms that underlie the genetic component of AF. Recent studies have found several mechanisms by which genetic alterations can result in AF formation via disruption of calcium handling. Loss of developmental transcription factors in adult cardiomyocytes can result in disruption of SR calcium ATPase, sodium calcium exchanger, calcium channels, among other ion channels, which underlie action potential abnormalities and triggered activity that can contribute to AF. This review aims to summarize the complex network of transcription factors and their roles in calcium handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sneha Kesaraju
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Conith AJ, Hope SA, Chhouk BH, Albertson RC. Weak genetic signal for phenotypic integration implicates developmental processes as major regulators of trait covariation. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:464-480. [PMID: 33231336 PMCID: PMC8811731 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic integration is an important metric that describes the degree of covariation among traits in a population, and is hypothesized to arise due to selection for shared functional processes. Our ability to identify the genetic and/or developmental underpinnings of integration is marred by temporally overlapping cell-, tissue- and structure-level processes that serve to continually 'overwrite' the structure of covariation among traits through ontogeny. Here, we examine whether traits that are integrated at the phenotypic level also exhibit a shared genetic basis (e.g. pleiotropy). We micro-CT scanned two hard tissue traits, and two soft tissue traits (mandible, pectoral girdle, atrium and ventricle, respectively) from an F5 hybrid population of Lake Malawi cichlids, and used geometric morphometrics to extract 3D shape information from each trait. Given the large degree of asymmetric variation that may reflect developmental instability, we separated symmetric from asymmetric components of shape variation. We then performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to determine the degree of genetic overlap between shapes. While we found ubiquitous associations among traits at the phenotypic level, except for a handful of notable exceptions, our QTL analysis revealed few overlapping genetic regions. Taken together, this indicates developmental interactions can play a large role in determining the degree of phenotypic integration among traits, and likely obfuscate the genotype to phenotype map, limiting our ability to gain a comprehensive picture of the genetic contributors responsible for phenotypic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Conith
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002
| | - Sylvie A. Hope
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002
| | - Brian H Chhouk
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002
| | - R. Craig Albertson
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002
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8
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Li R, Zupanic A, Talikka M, Belcastro V, Madan S, Dörpinghaus J, Berg CV, Szostak J, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Systems Toxicology Approach for Testing Chemical Cardiotoxicity in Larval Zebrafish. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2550-2564. [PMID: 32638588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomic approaches can give insight into molecular mechanisms underlying chemical toxicity and are increasingly being used as part of toxicological assessments. To aid the interpretation of transcriptomic data, we have developed a systems toxicology method that relies on a computable biological network model. We created the first network model describing cardiotoxicity in zebrafish larvae-a valuable emerging model species in testing cardiotoxicity associated with drugs and chemicals. The network is based on scientific literature and represents hierarchical molecular pathways that lead from receptor activation to cardiac pathologies. To test the ability of our approach to detect cardiotoxic outcomes from transcriptomic data, we have selected three publicly available data sets that reported chemically induced heart pathologies in zebrafish larvae for five different chemicals. Network-based analysis detected cardiac perturbations for four out of five chemicals tested, for two of them using transcriptomic data collected up to 3 days before the onset of a visible phenotype. Additionally, we identified distinct molecular pathways that were activated by the different chemicals. The results demonstrate that the proposed integrational method can be used for evaluating the effects of chemicals on the zebrafish cardiac function and, together with observed cardiac apical end points, can provide a comprehensive method for connecting molecular events to organ toxicity. The computable network model is freely available and may be used to generate mechanistic hypotheses and quantifiable perturbation values from any zebrafish transcriptomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Li
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anze Zupanic
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Belcastro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sumit Madan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin 53754, Germany
| | - Jens Dörpinghaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin 53754, Germany
| | - Colette Vom Berg
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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9
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Zhao W, Yuan P, Hu N, Long D, Ding D, Wang H. Effects of Low-Dose Gamma-Ray Radiation on Apoptosis and Development of Zebrafish Embryo Brain. Radiat Res 2020; 194:61-70. [PMID: 32352865 DOI: 10.1667/rr15426.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of low-dose γ irradiation on apoptosis and development of the brain in zebrafish embryos, cumulative 15 mGy doses of γ rays from a 137Cs source were used to irradiate zebrafish embryos at 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) for 120 h. Apoptosis of the brain, brain morphological development, cell submicroscopic structure and mRNA expression were analyzed, respectively. Results indicate that after 15 mGy exposure, the apoptosis of zebrafish brain increased, vacuoles appeared in brain tissue, some organelles were damaged and vacuoles appeared locally in brain cells. The mRNA expression level of axin2 was significantly upregulated, and those of frizzled, β-catenin, camk2, TCF/ LEF and bcl9 were significantly downregulated in brain tissue. These genes are involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. The findings of this work suggest that low-dose radiation may influence the apoptosis and development of the brain in the zebrafish embryo by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Zhao
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Public Health, University of South China, Hunan Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Penghui Yuan
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hunan Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Dexin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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10
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Rothschild SC, Ingram SR, Lu FI, Thisse B, Thisse C, Parkerson JA, Tombes RM. Genetic compensation of γ CaMKII, an evolutionarily conserved gene. Gene 2020; 742:144567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Rothschild SC, Tombes RM. Widespread Roles of CaMK-II in Developmental Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:519-535. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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12
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Transcriptome analysis of Xenopus orofacial tissues deficient in retinoic acid receptor function. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:795. [PMID: 30390632 PMCID: PMC6215681 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of the face and mouth is orchestrated by a large number of transcription factors, signaling pathways and epigenetic regulators. While we know many of these regulators, our understanding of how they interact with each other and implement changes in gene expression during orofacial development is still in its infancy. Therefore, this study focuses on uncovering potential cooperation between transcriptional regulators and one important signaling pathway, retinoic acid, during development of the midface. RESULTS Transcriptome analyses was performed on facial tissues deficient for retinoic acid receptor function at two time points in development; early (35 hpf) just after the neural crest migrates and facial tissues are specified and later (60 hpf) when the mouth has formed and facial structures begin to differentiate. Functional and network analyses revealed that retinoic acid signaling could cooperate with novel epigenetic factors and calcium-NFAT signaling during early orofacial development. At the later stage, retinoic acid may work with WNT and BMP and regulate homeobox containing transcription factors. Finally, there is an overlap in genes dysregulated in Xenopus embryos with median clefts with human genes associated with similar orofacial defects. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers novel signaling pathways required for orofacial development as well as pathways that could interact with retinoic acid signaling during the formation of the face. We show that frog faces are an important tool for studying orofacial development and birth defects.
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13
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Wang F, Liu D, Zhang RR, Yu LW, Zhao JY, Yang XY, Jiang SS, Ma D, Qiao B, Zhang F, Jin L, Gui YH, Wang HY. A TBX5 3'UTR variant increases the risk of congenital heart disease in the Han Chinese population. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17026. [PMID: 28761722 PMCID: PMC5527299 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TBX5 is a vital transcription factor involved in cardiac development in a dosage-dependent manner. But little is known about the potential association of TBX5 3′ untranslated region (UTR) variations with congenital cardiac malformations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TBX5 3′UTR variants and risk for congenital heart disease (CHD) susceptibility in two Han Chinese populations, and to reveal its molecular mechanism. The relationship between TBX5 3′UTR variants and CHD susceptibility was examined in 1 177 CHD patients and 990 healthy controls in two independent case–control studies. Variant rs6489956 C>T was found to be associated with increased CHD susceptibility in both cohorts. The combined CHD risk for the CT and TT genotype carriers was 1.83 times higher than that of CC genotype, while the risk for CT or TT genotype was 1.94 times and 2.31 times higher than that of CC carriers, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis showed that T allele carriers exhibited reduced TBX5 mRNA and protein levels in CHDs tissues. Compared with C allele, T allele showed increased binding affinity to miR-9 and miR-30a in both luciferase assays and surface plasmon resonance analysis. Functional analysis confirmed that miR-9 and miR-30a downregulated TBX5 expression at the transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. The assays in zebrafish model were in support of the interaction of miR-9/30a and TBX5 3′UTR (C and T allele). We concluded that TBX5 3′UTR variant rs6489956 increased susceptibility of CHD in the Han Chinese population because it changes the binding affinity of two target miRNAs that specifically mediate TBX5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Children's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction & Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ran-Ran Zhang
- Children's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction & Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Wei Yu
- Children's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction & Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Yan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Shan Jiang
- The State Key laboratory for Biocontrol and MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Institute of Reproduction & Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Hao Gui
- Children's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction & Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Institute of Reproduction & Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Hoelscher SC, Doppler SA, Dreßen M, Lahm H, Lange R, Krane M. MicroRNAs: pleiotropic players in congenital heart disease and regeneration. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S64-S81. [PMID: 28446969 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of infant death, affecting approximately 4-14 live births per 1,000. Although surgical techniques and interventions have improved significantly, a large number of infants still face poor clinical outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to coordinately regulate cardiac development and stimulate pathological processes in the heart, including fibrosis or hypertrophy and impair angiogenesis. Dysregulation of these regulators could therefore contribute (I) to the initial development of CHD and (II) at least partially to the observed clinical outcomes of many CHD patients by stimulating the aforementioned pathways. Thus, miRs may exhibit great potential as therapeutic targets in regenerative medicine. In this review we provide an overview of miR function and elucidate their role in selected CHDs, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS). We then bridge this knowledge to the potential usefulness of miRs and/or their targets in therapeutic strategies for regenerative purposes in CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hoelscher
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie A Doppler
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is an autosomal dominant disease with skeletal and cardiac manifestations. We here are presenting a 31-year-old man and a diagnosed case of HOS, with an ulceroproliferative lesion on lateral border of the tongue, was posted for wide excision of lesion with primary closure and left side radical neck dissection.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/surgery
- Adult
- Androstanols
- Anesthesia, Intravenous/methods
- Anesthetics, Intravenous
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Fentanyl
- Heart Defects, Congenital/complications
- Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery
- Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications
- Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery
- Humans
- Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital/complications
- Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital/surgery
- Male
- Neuromuscular Blockade/methods
- Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents
- Propofol
- Rocuronium
- Tongue/surgery
- Tongue Neoplasms/complications
- Tongue Neoplasms/surgery
- Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital/complications
- Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Rana
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sohan Lal Solanki
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Sohan Lal Solanki, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, 2nd Floor, Main Building, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Vandana Agarwal
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jigeeshu V Divatia
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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16
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Grant MG, Patterson VL, Grimes DT, Burdine RD. Modeling Syndromic Congenital Heart Defects in Zebrafish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 124:1-40. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Samsa LA, Ito CE, Brown DR, Qian L, Liu J. IgG-Containing Isoforms of Neuregulin-1 Are Dispensable for Cardiac Trabeculation in Zebrafish. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166734. [PMID: 27846271 PMCID: PMC5112773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) signaling pathway has been widely implicated in many aspects of heart development including cardiac trabeculation. Cardiac trabeculation is an important morphogenetic process where clusters of ventricular cardiomyocytes extrude and expand into the lumen of the ventricular chambers. In mouse, Nrg1 isoforms containing an immunoglobulin-like (IgG) domain are essential for cardiac trabeculation through interaction with heterodimers of the epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) receptors ErbB2/ErbB4. Recent reports have underscored the importance of Nrg1 signaling in cardiac homeostasis and disease, however, placental development has precluded refined evaluation of the role of this pathway in mammals. ErbB2 has been shown to have a developmentally conserved role in cardiac trabeculation in zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism with completely external development, but the requirement for Nrg1 has not been examined. We found that among the multiple Nrg1 isoforms, the IgG domain-containing, type I Nrg1 (nrg1-I) is the only isoform detectable in the heart. Then, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we targeted the IgG domain of Nrg1 to produce novel alleles, nrg1nc28 and nrg1nc29, encoding nrg1-I and nrg1-II truncations. Our results indicated that zebrafish deficient for nrg1-I developed trabeculae in an ErbB2-dependent manner. Further, these mutants survive to reproductive adulthood with no overt cardiovascular defects. We also found that additional EGF-like ligands were expressed in the zebrafish heart during development of trabeculae. Together, these results suggest that Nrg1 is not the primary effector of trabeculation and/or that other EGF-like ligand(s) activates the ErbB2/ErbB4 pathway, either through functioning as the primary ligand or acting in a redundant manner. Overall, our work provides an example of cross-species differences in EGF family member requirements for an evolutionary conserved process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ann Samsa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cade Ellis Ito
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel Ross Brown
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Li Qian
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jiandong Liu
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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18
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Samsa LA, Givens C, Tzima E, Stainier DYR, Qian L, Liu J. Cardiac contraction activates endocardial Notch signaling to modulate chamber maturation in zebrafish. Development 2016; 142:4080-91. [PMID: 26628092 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease often features structural abnormalities that emerge during development. Accumulating evidence indicates a crucial role for cardiac contraction and the resulting fluid forces in shaping the heart, yet the molecular basis of this function is largely unknown. Using the zebrafish as a model of early heart development, we investigated the role of cardiac contraction in chamber maturation, focusing on the formation of muscular protrusions called trabeculae. By genetic and pharmacological ablation of cardiac contraction, we showed that cardiac contraction is required for trabeculation through its role in regulating notch1b transcription in the ventricular endocardium. We also showed that Notch1 activation induces expression of ephrin b2a (efnb2a) and neuregulin 1 (nrg1) in the endocardium to promote trabeculation and that forced Notch activation in the absence of cardiac contraction rescues efnb2a and nrg1 expression. Using in vitro and in vivo systems, we showed that primary cilia are important mediators of fluid flow to stimulate Notch expression. Together, our findings describe an essential role for cardiac contraction-responsive transcriptional changes in endocardial cells to regulate cardiac chamber maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ann Samsa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA McAllister Heart Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chris Givens
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA McAllister Heart Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eleni Tzima
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA McAllister Heart Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Li Qian
- McAllister Heart Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- McAllister Heart Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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19
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Rothschild SC, Francescatto L, Tombes RM. Immunostaining Phospho-epitopes in Ciliated Organs of Whole Mount Zebrafish Embryos. J Vis Exp 2016:53747. [PMID: 26967668 DOI: 10.3791/53747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development of all vertebrates. The kinetics and location of signals - even within single cells - in the developing embryo complements the identification of important developmental genes. Immunostaining techniques are described that have been shown to define the kinetics of intracellular and whole animal signals in structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing, imaging and processing images using a laser-scanning confocal compound microscope can be completed in as few as 36 hr. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a desirable organism for investigators who seek to conduct studies in a vertebrate species that is affordable and relevant to human disease. Genetic knockouts or knockdowns must be confirmed by the loss of the actual protein product. Such confirmation of protein loss can be achieved using the techniques described here. Clues into signaling pathways can also be deciphered by using antibodies that are reactive with proteins that have been post-translationally modified by phosphorylation. Preserving and optimizing the phosphorylated state of an epitope is therefore critical to this determination and is accomplished by this protocol. This study describes techniques to fix embryos during the first 72 hr of development and co-localize a variety of relevant epitopes with cilia in the Kupffer's Vesicle (KV), the kidney and the inner ear. These techniques are straightforward, do not require dissection and can be completed in a relatively short period of time. Projecting confocal image stacks into a single image is a useful means of presenting these data.
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20
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Chiavacci E, D'Aurizio R, Guzzolino E, Russo F, Baumgart M, Groth M, Mariani L, D'Onofrio M, Arisi I, Pellegrini M, Cellerino A, Cremisi F, Pitto L. MicroRNA 19a replacement partially rescues fin and cardiac defects in zebrafish model of Holt Oram syndrome. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18240. [PMID: 26657204 PMCID: PMC4677400 DOI: 10.1038/srep18240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Holt-Oram Syndrome (HOS) is an autosomal dominant heart-hand syndrome caused by mutations in the TBX5 gene, a transcription factor capable of regulating hundreds of cardiac-specific genes through complex transcriptional networks. Here we show that, in zebrafish, modulation of a single miRNA is sufficient to rescue the morphogenetic defects generated by HOS. The analysis of miRNA-seq profiling revealed a decreased expression of miR-19a in Tbx5-depleted zebrafish embryos compared to the wild type. We revealed that the transcription of the miR-17-92 cluster, which harbors miR-19a, is induced by Tbx5 and that a defined dosage of miR-19a is essential for the correct development of the heart. Importantly, we highlighted that miR-19a replacement is able to rescue cardiac and pectoral fin defects and to increase the viability of HOS zebrafish embryos. We further observed that miR-19a replacement shifts the global gene expression profile of HOS-like zebrafish embryos towards the wild type condition, confirming the ability of miR-19a to rescue the Tbx5 phenotype. In conclusion our data demonstrate the importance of Tbx5/miR-19a regulatory circuit in heart development and provide a proof of principle that morphogenetic defects associated with HOS can be rescued by transient miRNA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chiavacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Romina D'Aurizio
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Medicine (LISM), Institute of Informatics andTelematics (IIT) and Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Guzzolino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Medicine (LISM), Institute of Informatics andTelematics (IIT) and Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Baumgart
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Laura Mariani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mara D'Onofrio
- Genomics Facility, European Brain Research Institute, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64 00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Ivan Arisi
- Genomics Facility, European Brain Research Institute, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64 00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Medicine (LISM), Institute of Informatics andTelematics (IIT) and Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Federico Cremisi
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Chamber identity programs drive early functional partitioning of the heart. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8146. [PMID: 26306682 PMCID: PMC4560818 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate heart muscle (myocardium) develops from the first heart field (FHF) and expands by adding second heart field (SHF) cells. While both lineages exist already in teleosts, the primordial contributions of FHF and SHF to heart structure and function remain incompletely understood. Here we delineate the functional contribution of the FHF and SHF to the zebrafish heart using the cis-regulatory elements of the draculin (drl) gene. The drl reporters initially delineate the lateral plate mesoderm, including heart progenitors. Subsequent myocardial drl reporter expression restricts to FHF descendants. We harnessed this unique feature to uncover that loss of tbx5a and pitx2 affect relative FHF versus SHF contributions to the heart. High-resolution physiology reveals distinctive electrical properties of each heart field territory that define a functional boundary within the single zebrafish ventricle. Our data establish that the transcriptional program driving cardiac septation regulates physiologic ventricle partitioning, which successively provides mechanical advantages of sequential contraction. The heart forms from combining the first with the second heart field, which in mammals creates left and right ventricle. Here transgenic zebrafish and physiology studies reveal that transcription factors controlling septation in mammals already in teleosts guide muscle coupling by controlling the relative contribution of the two fields to the heart.
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22
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Wai HA, Kawakami K, Wada H, Müller F, Vernallis AB, Brown G, Johnson WEB. The development and growth of tissues derived from cranial neural crest and primitive mesoderm is dependent on the ligation status of retinoic acid receptor γ: evidence that retinoic acid receptor γ functions to maintain stem/progenitor cells in the absence of retinoic acid. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:507-19. [PMID: 25233141 PMCID: PMC4313414 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is important to normal development. However, the function of the different RA receptors (RARs)--RARα, RARβ, and RARγ--is as yet unclear. We have used wild-type and transgenic zebrafish to examine the role of RARγ. Treatment of zebrafish embryos with an RARγ-specific agonist reduced somite formation and axial length, which was associated with a loss of hoxb13a expression and less-clear alterations in hoxc11a or myoD expression. Treatment with the RARγ agonist also disrupted formation of tissues arising from cranial neural crest, including cranial bones and anterior neural ganglia. There was a loss of Sox 9-immunopositive neural crest stem/progenitor cells in the same anterior regions. Pectoral fin outgrowth was blocked by RARγ agonist treatment. However, there was no loss of Tbx-5-immunopositive lateral plate mesodermal stem/progenitor cells and the block was reversed by agonist washout or by cotreatment with an RARγ antagonist. Regeneration of the caudal fin was also blocked by RARγ agonist treatment, which was associated with a loss of canonical Wnt signaling. This regenerative response was restored by agonist washout or cotreatment with the RARγ antagonist. These findings suggest that RARγ plays an essential role in maintaining stem/progenitor cells during embryonic development and tissue regeneration when the receptor is in its nonligated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htoo Aung Wai
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hironori Wada
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Ferenc Müller
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Geoffrey Brown
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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23
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Roy B, Ferdous J, Ali DW. NMDA receptors on zebrafish Mauthner cells require CaMKII-α for normal development. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:145-62. [PMID: 25047640 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMKII) is a multifunctional protein that is highly enriched in the synapse. It plays important roles in neuronal functions such as synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, and neural development. Gene duplication in zebrafish has resulted in the occurrence of seven CaMKII genes (camk2a, camk2b1, camk2b2, camk2g1, camk2g2, camk2d1, and camk2d2) that are developmentally expressed. In this study, we used single cell, real-time quantitative PCR to investigate the expression of CaMKII genes in individual Mauthner cells (M-cells) of 2 days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish embryos. We found that out of seven different CaMKII genes, only the mRNA for CaMKII-α was expressed in the M-cell at detectable levels, while all other isoforms were undetectable. Morpholino knockdown of CaMKII-α had no significant effect on AMPA synaptic currents (mEPSCs) but decreased the amplitude of NMDA mEPSCs. NMDA events exhibited a biexponential decay with τfast ≈ 30 ms and τslow ≈ 300 ms. Knockdown of CaMKII-α specifically reduced the amplitude of the slow component of the NMDA-mediated currents (mEPSCs), without affecting the fast component, the frequency, or the kinetics of the mEPSCs. Immunolabelling of the M-cell showed increased dendritic arborizations in the morphants compared with controls, and knockdown of CaMKII-α altered locomotor behaviors of touch responses. These results suggest that CaMKII-α is present in embryonic M-cells and that it plays a role in the normal development of excitatory synapses. Our findings pave the way for determining the function of specific CaMKII isoforms during the early stages of M-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birbickram Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Zhang Y, Shimizu H, Siu KL, Mahajan A, Chen JN, Cai H. NADPH oxidase 4 induces cardiac arrhythmic phenotype in zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23200-23208. [PMID: 24962575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.587196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in cardiac arrhythmia, although a causal relationship remains undefined. We have recently demonstrated a marked up-regulation of NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (NOX4) in patients with atrial fibrillation, which is accompanied by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigated the impact on the cardiac phenotype of NOX4 overexpression in zebrafish. One-cell stage embryos were injected with NOX4 RNA prior to video recording of a GFP-labeled (myl7:GFP zebrafish line) beating heart in real time at 24-31 h post-fertilization. Intriguingly, NOX4 embryos developed cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by irregular heartbeats. When quantitatively analyzed by an established LQ-1 program, the NOX4 embryos displayed much more variable beat-to-beat intervals (mean S.D. of beat-to-beat intervals was 0.027 s/beat in control embryos versus 0.038 s/beat in NOX4 embryos). Both the phenotype and the increased ROS in NOX4 embryos were attenuated by NOX4 morpholino co-injection, treatments of the embryos with polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase, or NOX4 inhibitors fulvene-5, 6-dimethylamino-fulvene, and proton sponge blue. Injection of NOX4-P437H mutant RNA had no effect on the cardiac phenotype or ROS production. In addition, phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II was increased in NOX4 embryos but diminished by polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase, whereas its inhibitor KN93 or AIP abolished the arrhythmic phenotype. Taken together, our data for the first time uncover a novel pathway that underlies the development of cardiac arrhythmia, namely NOX4 activation, subsequent NOX4-specific NADPH-driven ROS production, and redox-sensitive CaMKII activation. These findings may ultimately lead to novel therapeutics targeting cardiac arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhang
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Hirohito Shimizu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kin Lung Siu
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Aman Mahajan
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Jau-Nian Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Hua Cai
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Los Angeles, California 90095.
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25
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Franklin AD, Lorinc AN, Donahue BS. Malignant hyperthermia-like manifestations in a two-month-old child with Holt-Oram syndrome undergoing cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013; 28:1326-7. [PMID: 24011877 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Franklin
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
| | - Amanda N Lorinc
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Brian S Donahue
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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26
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Lin CY, Chen JS, Loo MR, Hsiao CC, Chang WY, Tsai HJ. MicroRNA-3906 regulates fast muscle differentiation through modulating the target gene homer-1b in zebrafish embryos. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70187. [PMID: 23936160 PMCID: PMC3729524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A microRNA, termed miR-In300 or miR-3906, suppresses the transcription of myf5 through silencing dickkopf-related protein 3 (dkk3r/dkk3a) during early development when myf5 is highly transcribed, but not at late stages when myf5 transcription is reduced. Moreover, after 24 hpf, when muscle cells are starting to differentiate, Dkk3a could not be detected in muscle tissue at 20 hpf. To explain these reversals, we collected embryos at 32 hpf, performed assays, and identified homer-1b, which regulates calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, as the target gene of miR-3906. We further found that either miR-3906 knockdown or homer-1b overexpression increased expressions of fmhc4 and atp2a1 of calcium-dependent fast muscle fibrils, but not slow muscle fibrils, and caused a severe disruption of sarcomeric actin and Z-disc structure. Additionally, compared to control embryos, the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of these treated embryos was increased as high as 83.9–97.3% in fast muscle. In contrast, either miR-3906 overexpression or homer-1b knockdown caused decreases of [Ca2+]i and, correspondingly, defective phenotypes in fast muscle. These defects could be rescued by inducing homer-1b expression at later stage. These results indicate that miR-3906 controls [Ca2+]i homeostasis in fast muscle through fine tuning homer-1b expression during differentiation to maintain normal muscle development.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- In Situ Hybridization
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/embryology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Mutation
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yung Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Shin Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Moo-Rung Loo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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27
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Rothschild SC, Lahvic J, Francescatto L, McLeod JJA, Burgess SM, Tombes RM. CaMK-II activation is essential for zebrafish inner ear development and acts through Delta-Notch signaling. Dev Biol 2013; 381:179-88. [PMID: 23747599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish inner ear development is characterized by the crystallization of otoliths onto immotile kinocilia that protrude from sensory "hair" cells. The stereotypical formation of these sensory structures is dependent on the expression of key patterning genes and on Ca2+ signals. One potential target of Ca2+ signaling in the inner ear is the type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK-II), which is preferentially activated in hair cells, with intense activation at the base of kinocilia. In zebrafish, CaMK-II is encoded by seven genes; the expression of one of these genes (camk2g1) is enriched in hair cells. The suppression of camk2g1 expression by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides or inhibition of CaMK-II activation by the pharmacological antagonist, KN-93, results in aberrant otolith formation without preventing cilia formation. In fact, CaMK-II suppression results in additional ciliated hair cells and altered levels of Delta-Notch signaling members. DeltaA and deltaD transcripts are increased and DeltaD protein accumulates in hair cells of CaMK-II morphants, indicative of defective recycling and/or exocytosis. Our findings indicate that CaMK-II plays a critical role in the developing ear, influencing cell differentiation through extranuclear effects on Delta-Notch signaling. Continued expression and activation of CaMK-II in maculae and cristae in older embryos suggests continued roles in auditory sensory maturation and transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Rothschild
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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28
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Parrie LE, Renfrew EM, Wal AV, Mueller RL, Garrity DM. Zebrafishtbx5paralogs demonstrate independent essential requirements in cardiac and pectoral fin development. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:485-502. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E. Parrie
- Colorado State University (CSU); Department of Biology; Fort Collins; Colorado
| | - Erin M. Renfrew
- Colorado State University (CSU); Department of Biology; Fort Collins; Colorado
| | - Aimee Vander Wal
- Colorado State University (CSU); Department of Biology; Fort Collins; Colorado
| | | | - Deborah M. Garrity
- Colorado State University (CSU); Department of Biology; Fort Collins; Colorado
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29
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Tsai TC, Lu JK, Choo SL, Yeh SY, Tang RB, Lee HY, Lu JH. The paracrine effect of exogenous growth hormone alleviates dysmorphogenesis caused by tbx5 deficiency in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:63. [PMID: 22776023 PMCID: PMC3407474 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysmorphogenesis and multiple organ defects are well known in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos with T-box transcription factor 5 (tbx5) deficiencies, mimicking human Holt-Oram syndrome. METHODS Using an oligonucleotide-based microarray analysis to study the expression of special genes in tbx5 morphants, we demonstrated that GH and some GH-related genes were markedly downregulated. Zebrafish embryos microinjected with tbx5-morpholino (MO) antisense RNA and mismatched antisense RNA in the 1-cell stage served as controls, while zebrafish embryos co-injected with exogenous growth hormone (GH) concomitant with tbx5-MO comprised the treatment group. RESULTS The attenuating effects of GH in tbx5-MO knockdown embryos were quantified and observed at 24, 30, 48, 72, and 96 h post-fertilization. Though the understanding of mechanisms involving GH in the tbx5 functioning complex is limited, exogenous GH supplied to tbx5 knockdown zebrafish embryos is able to enhance the expression of downstream mediators in the GH and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 pathway, including igf1, ghra, and ghrb, and signal transductors (erk1, akt2), and eventually to correct dysmorphogenesis in various organs including the heart and pectoral fins. Supplementary GH also reduced apoptosis as determined by a TUNEL assay and decreased the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins (bcl2 and bad) according to semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively, as well as improving cell cycle-related genes (p27 and cdk2) and cardiomyogenetic genes (amhc, vmhc, and cmlc2). CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, tbx5 knockdown causes a pseudo GH deficiency in zebrafish during early embryonic stages, and supplementation of exogenous GH can partially restore dysmorphogenesis, apoptosis, cell growth inhibition, and abnormal cardiomyogenesis in tbx5 knockdown zebrafish in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chun Tsai
- Department of Medical Research and Education, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Kann Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sie-Lin Choo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yu Yeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ren-Bing Tang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Yu Lee
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Her Lu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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30
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Rothschild SC, Francescatto L, Drummond IA, Tombes RM. CaMK-II is a PKD2 target that promotes pronephric kidney development and stabilizes cilia. Development 2011; 138:3387-97. [PMID: 21752935 DOI: 10.1242/dev.066340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca²⁺ signals influence gastrulation, neurogenesis and organogenesis through pathways that are still being defined. One potential Ca²⁺ mediator of many of these morphogenic processes is CaMK-II, a conserved calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Prolonged Ca²⁺ stimulation converts CaMK-II into an activated state that, in the zebrafish, is detected in the forebrain, ear and kidney. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease has been linked to mutations in the Ca²⁺-conducting TRP family member PKD2, the suppression of which in vertebrate model organisms results in kidney cysts. Both PKD2-deficient and CaMK-II-deficient zebrafish embryos fail to form pronephric ducts properly, and exhibit anterior cysts and destabilized cloacal cilia. PKD2 suppression inactivates CaMK-II in pronephric cells and cilia, whereas constitutively active CaMK-II restores pronephric duct formation in pkd2 morphants. PKD2 and CaMK-II deficiencies are synergistic, supporting their existence in the same genetic pathway. We conclude that CaMK-II is a crucial effector of PKD2 Ca²⁺ that both promotes morphogenesis of the pronephric kidney and stabilizes primary cloacal cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Rothschild
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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31
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Hsu LS, Tseng CY. Zebrafish calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (cam-kii) inhibitors: expression patterns and their roles in zebrafish brain development. Dev Dyn 2011; 239:3098-105. [PMID: 20925123 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-KII) plays a critical role in neuronal functions. In this report, we demonstrate the expression patterns, functional analysis, and development role of the two zebrafish CaM-KII inhibitors, cam-kiin1 and cam-kiin2. Both of these genes were detected in the 5-somite stage and are persistently expressed thereafter. The RNA transcripts of cam-kiin1 were prominently expressed in the forebrain and hindbrain regions, especially in the telencephalon, while cam-kiin2 was detected in the anterior brain region and neurons of the hindbrain. Through GST-pull down, co-immunoprecipitation, and kinase assay, cam-kii inhibitors can bind to and reduce cam-kiiα activity. However, no overt alternation of brain marker such as ngn1, otx2, and pax2.1 was observed in morphants received each one or combined MO. Our results suggest that the two cam-kii inhibitors exhibited distinct expression pattern and may play a minor role in zebrafish brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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32
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Francescatto L, Rothschild SC, Myers AL, Tombes RM. The activation of membrane targeted CaMK-II in the zebrafish Kupffer's vesicle is required for left-right asymmetry. Development 2010; 137:2753-62. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.049627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) elevation on the left side of the mouse embryonic node or zebrafish Kupffer's vesicle (KV) is the earliest asymmetric molecular event that is functionally linked to lateral organ placement in these species. In this study, Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase (CaMK-II) is identified as a necessary target of this Ca2+ elevation in zebrafish embryos. CaMK-II is transiently activated in approximately four interconnected cells along the anterior left wall of the KV between the six- and 12-somite stages, which is coincident with known left-sided Ca2+ elevations. Within these cells, activated CaMK-II is observed at the surface and in clusters, which appear at the base of some KV cilia. Although seven genes encode catalytically active CaMK-II in early zebrafish embryos, one of these genes also encodes a truncated inactive variant (αKAP) that can hetero-oligomerize with and target active enzyme to membranes. αKAP, β2 CaMK-II and γ1 CaMK-II antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, as well as KV-targeted dominant negative CaMK-II, randomize organ laterality and southpaw (spaw) expression in lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Left-sided CaMK-II activation was most dependent on an intact KV, the PKD2 Ca2+ channel and γ1 CaMK-II; however, αKAP, β2 CaMK-II and the RyR3 ryanodine receptor were also necessary for full CaMK-II activation. This is the first report to identify a direct Ca2+-sensitive target in left-right asymmetry and supports a model in which membrane targeted CaMK-II hetero-oligomers in nodal cells transduce the left-sided PKD2-dependent Ca2+ signals to the LPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Francescatto
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012, USA
| | - Sarah C. Rothschild
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Myers
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012, USA
| | - Robert M. Tombes
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012, USA
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