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Formstone C, Aldeiri B, Davenport M, Francis-West P. Ventral body wall closure: Mechanistic insights from mouse models and translation to human pathology. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 39319771 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ventral body wall (VBW) that encloses the thoracic and abdominal cavities arises by extensive cell movements and morphogenetic changes during embryonic development. These morphogenetic processes include embryonic folding generating the primary body wall; the initial ventral cover of the embryo, followed by directed mesodermal cell migrations, contributing to the secondary body wall. Clinical anomalies in VBW development affect approximately 1 in 3000 live births. However, the cell interactions and critical cellular behaviors that control VBW development remain little understood. Here, we describe the embryonic origins of the VBW, the cellular and morphogenetic processes, and key genes, that are essential for VBW development. We also provide a clinical overview of VBW anomalies, together with environmental and genetic influences, and discuss the insight gained from over 70 mouse models that exhibit VBW defects, and their relevance, with respect to human pathology. In doing so we propose a phenotypic framework for researchers in the field which takes into account the clinical picture. We also highlight cases where there is a current paucity of mouse models for particular clinical defects and key gaps in knowledge about embryonic VBW development that need to be addressed to further understand mechanisms of human VBW pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Formstone
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Bashar Aldeiri
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark Davenport
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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2
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Hu L, Chen W, Qian A, Li YP. Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and disease. Bone Res 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38987555 PMCID: PMC11237130 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted, lipid-modified proteins that bind to different receptors on the cell surface to activate canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, which control various biological processes throughout embryonic development and adult life. Aberrant Wnt signaling pathway underlies a wide range of human disease pathogeneses. In this review, we provide an update of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and diseases. The Wnt proteins, receptors, activators, inhibitors, and the crosstalk of Wnt signaling pathways with other signaling pathways are summarized and discussed. We mainly review Wnt signaling functions in bone formation, homeostasis, and related diseases, and summarize mouse models carrying genetic modifications of Wnt signaling components. Moreover, the therapeutic strategies for treating bone diseases by targeting Wnt signaling, including the extracellular molecules, cytosol components, and nuclear components of Wnt signaling are reviewed. In summary, this paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling regulates bone formation, homeostasis, and the efforts targeting Wnt signaling for treating bone diseases. Finally, the paper evaluates the important questions in Wnt signaling to be further explored based on the progress of new biological analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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3
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Sulcanese L, Prencipe G, Canciello A, Cerveró-Varona A, Perugini M, Mauro A, Russo V, Barboni B. Stem-Cell-Driven Chondrogenesis: Perspectives on Amnion-Derived Cells. Cells 2024; 13:744. [PMID: 38727280 PMCID: PMC11083072 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine harnesses stem cells' capacity to restore damaged tissues and organs. In vitro methods employing specific bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, bio-inductive scaffolds, 3D cultures, co-cultures, and mechanical stimuli, steer stem cells toward the desired differentiation pathways, mimicking their natural development. Chondrogenesis presents a challenge for regenerative medicine. This intricate process involves precise modulation of chondro-related transcription factors and pathways, critical for generating cartilage. Cartilage damage disrupts this process, impeding proper tissue healing due to its unique mechanical and anatomical characteristics. Consequently, the resultant tissue often forms fibrocartilage, which lacks adequate mechanical properties, posing a significant hurdle for effective regeneration. This review comprehensively explores studies showcasing the potential of amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) and amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) in chondrogenic differentiation. These cells exhibit innate characteristics that position them as promising candidates for regenerative medicine. Their capacity to differentiate toward chondrocytes offers a pathway for developing effective regenerative protocols. Understanding and leveraging the innate properties of AMSCs and AECs hold promise in addressing the challenges associated with cartilage repair, potentially offering superior outcomes in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Sulcanese
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biosciences and Agri-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (A.C.-V.); (A.M.); (V.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Prencipe
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biosciences and Agri-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (A.C.-V.); (A.M.); (V.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Angelo Canciello
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biosciences and Agri-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (A.C.-V.); (A.M.); (V.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Adrián Cerveró-Varona
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biosciences and Agri-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (A.C.-V.); (A.M.); (V.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Monia Perugini
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biosciences and Agri-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (A.C.-V.); (A.M.); (V.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biosciences and Agri-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (A.C.-V.); (A.M.); (V.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biosciences and Agri-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (A.C.); (A.C.-V.); (A.M.); (V.R.); (B.B.)
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Luján-Amoraga L, Delgado-Martín B, Lourenço-Marques C, Gavaia PJ, Bravo J, Bandarra NM, Dominguez D, Izquierdo MS, Pousão-Ferreira P, Ribeiro L. Exploring Omega-3's Impact on the Expression of Bone-Related Genes in Meagre ( Argyrosomus regius). Biomolecules 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 38254657 PMCID: PMC10813611 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with Omega-3 fatty acids seems to promote skeletal health. Therefore, their consumption at imbalanced or excessive levels has offered less beneficial or even prejudicial effects. Fish produced in aquaculture regimes are prone to develop abnormal skeletons. Although larval cultures are usually fed with diets supplemented with Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), the lack of knowledge about the optimal requirements for fatty acids or about their impact on mechanisms that regulate skeletal development has impeded the design of diets that could improve bone formation during larval stages when the majority of skeletal anomalies appear. In this study, Argyrosomus regius larvae were fed different levels of Omega-3s (2.6% and 3.6% DW on diet) compared to a commercial diet. At 28 days after hatching (DAH), their transcriptomes were analyzed to study the modulation exerted in gene expression dynamics during larval development and identify impacted genes that can contribute to skeletal formation. Mainly, both levels of supplementation modulated bone-cell proliferation, the synthesis of bone components such as the extracellular matrix, and molecules involved in the interaction and signaling between bone components or in important cellular processes. The 2.6% level impacted several genes related to cartilage development, denoting a special impact on endochondral ossification, delaying this process. However, the 3.6% level seemed to accelerate this process by enhancing skeletal development. These results offered important insights into the impact of dietary Omega-3 LC-PUFAs on genes involved in the main molecular mechanism and cellular processes involved in skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Luján-Amoraga
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - Belén Delgado-Martín
- Department of Microbiology and Crop Protection, Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Cátia Lourenço-Marques
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
- Collaborative Laboratory on Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUACOLAB) Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve (UALG), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Jimena Bravo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (J.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading, and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 7, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal;
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - David Dominguez
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (J.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Marisol S. Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (J.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
- Collaborative Laboratory on Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUACOLAB) Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
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5
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Diegel CR, Michalski MN, Williams BO. β-catenin-dependent High Bone Mass Induced by Loss of APC in Osteoblasts Does Not Require Lrp5 or Lrp6. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.001000. [PMID: 37908496 PMCID: PMC10613880 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The requirement for LRP5 and LRP6 to prevent β-catenin degradation in the absence of the tumor suppressor APC is unclear because cell culture models have yielded conflicting results. We previously established that osteoblast-specific loss of APC causes β-catenin accumulation and increased bone mass, while loss of both LRP5 and LRP6 reduces bone mass. We report here that the simultaneous loss of APC, LRP5, and LRP6 in osteoblasts in mice phenocopies the APC osteoblast-specific knockout. Thus, β-catenin stabilization and increased bone mass after loss of APC in osteoblasts in vivo are not dependent on LRP5 and LRP6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bart O. Williams
- Department of Cell Biology and Director, Core Technologies and Services, Van Andel Institute
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6
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Li J, Liu Z, Ren Y, Shao H, Li S. LRP5-/6 gene polymorphisms and its association with risk of abnormal bone mass in postmenopausal women. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:369. [PMID: 37202775 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess LRP5-/6 gene polymorphisms and its association with risk of abnormal bone mass (ABM) in postmenopausal women. METHODS The study recruited 166 patients with ABM (case group) and 106 patients with normal bone mass (control group) based on bone mineral density (BMD) results. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the interaction between the Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene (rs41494349, rs2306862) and the Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) gene (rs10743980, rs2302685) and the subjects' clinical characteristics of age and menopausal years. RESULTS (1) Logistic regression analysis showed that the subjects with the CT or TT genotype at rs2306862 had a higher risk of ABM than those with the CC genotype (OR = 2.353, 95%CI = 1.039-6.186; OR = 2.434, 95%CI = 1.071, 5.531; P < 0.05). The subjects with the TC genotype at rs2302685 had a higher risk of ABM than those with the TT genotype (OR = 2.951, 95%CI = 1.030-8.457, P < 0.05). (2) When taking the three Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) together, the accuracy was the highest with the cross-validation consistency of 10/10 (OR = 1.504, 95%CI:1.092-2.073, P < 0.05), indicating that the LRP5 rs41494349 and LRP6 rs10743980, rs2302685 were interactively associated with the risk of ABM. (3) Linkage disequilibrium (LD) results revealed that the LRP5 (rs41494349,rs2306862) were in strong LD (D' > 0.9, r2 > 0.3). AC and AT haplotypes were significantly more frequently distributed in the ABM group than in the control group, indicating that subjects carrying the AC and AT haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of ABM (P < 0.01). (4) MDR showed that rs41494349 & rs2302685 & rs10743980 & age were the best model for ABM prediction. The risk of ABM in "high-risk combination" was 1.00 times that of "low-risk combination"(OR = 1.005, 95%CI: 1.002-1.008, P < 0.05). (5) MDR showed that there was no significant association between any of the SNPs and menopausal years and ABM susceptibility. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that LRP5-rs2306862 and LRP6-rs2302685 polymorphisms and gene-gene and gene-age interactions may increase the risk of ABM in postmenopausal women. There was no significant association between any of the SNPs and menopausal years and ABM susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, 107 North Second Road, Hongshan Sub-District, Shihezi City, 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zebing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, 107 North Second Road, Hongshan Sub-District, Shihezi City, 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, 107 North Second Road, Hongshan Sub-District, Shihezi City, 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Shao
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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7
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Jun JY, Kim JH, Kim M, Hong S, Kim M, Ryu GH, Park JH, Jung HS, Sohn Y. Persicae Semen Promotes Bone Union in Rat Fractures by Stimulating Osteoblastogenesis through BMP-2 and Wnt Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087388. [PMID: 37108563 PMCID: PMC10138545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractures cause extreme pain to patients and impair movement, thereby significantly reducing their quality of life. However, in fracture patients, movement of the fracture site is restricted through application of a cast, and they are reliant on conservative treatment through calcium intake. Persicae semen (PS) is the dried mature seeds of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, and in this study the effects of PS on osteoblast differentiation and bone union promotion were investigated. The osteoblast-differentiation-promoting effect of PS was investigated through alizarin red S and Von Kossa staining, and the regulatory role of PS on BMP-2 (Bmp2) and Wnt (Wnt10b) signaling, representing a key mechanism, was demonstrated at the protein and mRNA levels. In addition, the bone-union-promoting effect of PS was investigated in rats with fractured femurs. The results of the cell experiments showed that PS promotes mineralization and upregulates RUNX2 through BMP-2 and Wnt signaling. PS induced the expression of various osteoblast genes, including Alpl, Bglap, and Ibsp. The results of animal experiments show that the PS group had improved bone union and upregulated expression of osteogenic genes. Overall, the results of this study suggest that PS can promote fracture recovery by upregulating osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, and thus can be considered a new therapeutic alternative for fracture patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yun Jun
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hyun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-eup 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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8
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Thakur AK, Miller SE, Liau NPD, Hwang S, Hansen S, de Sousa E Melo F, Sudhamsu J, Hannoush RN. Synthetic Multivalent Disulfide-Constrained Peptide Agonists Potentiate Wnt1/β-Catenin Signaling via LRP6 Coreceptor Clustering. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:772-784. [PMID: 36893429 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Wnt ligands are critical for tissue homeostasis and form a complex with LRP6 and frizzled coreceptors to initiate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Yet, how different Wnts achieve various levels of signaling activation through distinct domains on LRP6 remains elusive. Developing tool ligands that target individual LRP6 domains could help elucidate the mechanism of Wnt signaling regulation and uncover pharmacological approaches for pathway modulation. We employed directed evolution of a disulfide constrained peptide (DCP) to identify molecules that bind to the third β-propeller domain of LRP6. The DCPs antagonize Wnt3a while sparing Wnt1 signaling. Using PEG linkers with different geometries, we converted the Wnt3a antagonist DCPs to multivalent molecules that potentiated Wnt1 signaling by clustering the LRP6 coreceptor. The mechanism of potentiation is unique as it occurred only in the presence of extracellular secreted Wnt1 ligand. While all DCPs recognized a similar binding interface on LRP6, they displayed different spatial orientations that influenced their cellular activities. Moreover, structural analyses revealed that the DCPs exhibited new folds that were distinct from the parent DCP framework they were evolved from. The multivalent ligand design principles highlighted in this study provide a path for developing peptide agonists that modulate different branches of cellular Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash K Thakur
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stephen E Miller
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas P D Liau
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sunhee Hwang
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Simon Hansen
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Felipe de Sousa E Melo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rami N Hannoush
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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9
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Zhang K, Da Silva F, Seidl C, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Herbst J, Huttner WB, Niehrs C. Primary cilia are WNT-transducing organelles whose biogenesis is controlled by a WNT-PP1 axis. Dev Cell 2023; 58:139-154.e8. [PMID: 36693320 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
WNT signaling is important in development, stem cell maintenance, and disease. WNT ligands typically signal via receptor activation across the plasma membrane to induce β-catenin-dependent gene activation. Here, we show that in mammalian primary cilia, WNT receptors relay a WNT/GSK3 signal that β-catenin-independently promotes ciliogenesis. Characterization of a LRP6 ciliary targeting sequence and monitoring of acute WNT co-receptor activation (phospho-LRP6) support this conclusion. Ciliary WNT signaling inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, a negative regulator of ciliogenesis, by preventing GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of the PP1 regulatory inhibitor subunit PPP1R2. Concordantly, deficiency of WNT/GSK3 signaling by depletion of cyclin Y and cyclin-Y-like protein 1 induces primary cilia defects in mouse embryonic neuronal precursors, kidney proximal tubules, and adult mice preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Zhang
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Da Silva
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carina Seidl
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Herbst
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Craig SEL, Michalski MN, Williams BO. Got WNTS? Insight into bone health from a WNT perspective. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:327-346. [PMID: 36967199 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
WNT signaling, essential for many aspects of development, is among the most commonly altered pathways associated with human disease. While initially studied in cancer, dysregulation of WNT signaling has been determined to be essential for skeletal development and the maintenance of bone health throughout life. In this review, we discuss the role of Wnt signaling in bone development and disease with a particular focus on two areas. First, we discuss the roles of WNT signaling pathways in skeletal development, with an emphasis on congenital and idiopathic skeletal syndromes and diseases that are associated with genetic variations in WNT signaling components. Next, we cover a topic that has long been an interest of our laboratory, how high and low levels of WNT signaling affects the establishment and maintenance of healthy bone mass. We conclude with a discussion of the status of WNT-based therapeutics in the treatment of skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya E L Craig
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Megan N Michalski
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Bart O Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
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11
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Maruyama T, Hasegawa D, Valenta T, Haigh J, Bouchard M, Basler K, Hsu W. GATA3 mediates nonclassical β-catenin signaling in skeletal cell fate determination and ectopic chondrogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd6172. [PMID: 36449606 PMCID: PMC9710881 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal precursors are mesenchymal in origin and can give rise to distinct sublineages. Their lineage commitment is modulated by various signaling pathways. The importance of Wnt signaling in skeletal lineage commitment has been implicated by the study of β-catenin-deficient mouse models. Ectopic chondrogenesis caused by the loss of β-catenin leads to a long-standing belief in canonical Wnt signaling that determines skeletal cell fate. As β-catenin has other functions, it remains unclear whether skeletogenic lineage commitment is solely orchestrated by canonical Wnt signaling. The study of the Wnt secretion regulator Gpr177/Wntless also raises concerns about current knowledge. Here, we show that skeletal cell fate is determined by β-catenin but independent of LEF/TCF transcription. Genomic and bioinformatic analyses further identify GATA3 as a mediator for the alternative signaling effects. GATA3 alone is sufficient to promote ectopic cartilage formation, demonstrating its essential role in mediating nonclassical β-catenin signaling in skeletogenic lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Maruyama
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jody Haigh
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wei Hsu
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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12
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Tan J, Ren L, Xie K, Wang L, Jiang W, Guo Y, Hao Y. Functionalized TiCu/TiCuN coating promotes osteoporotic fracture healing by upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac092. [PMID: 36683750 PMCID: PMC9847630 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis results in decreased bone mass and insufficient osteogenic function. Existing titanium alloy implants have insufficient osteoinductivity and delayed/incomplete fracture union can occur when used to treat osteoporotic fractures. Copper ions have good osteogenic activity, but their dose-dependent cytotoxicity limits their clinical use for bone implants. In this study, titanium alloy implants functionalized with a TiCu/TiCuN coating by arc ion plating achieved a controlled release of copper ions in vitro for 28 days. The coated alloy was co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and showed excellent biocompatibility and osteoinductivity in vitro. A further exploration of the underlying mechanism by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting revealed that the enhancement effects are related to the upregulation of genes and proteins (such as axin2, β-catenin, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, LEF1 and TCF1/TCF7) involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the TiCu/TiCuN coating significantly promoted osteoporotic fracture healing in a rat femur fracture model, and has good in vivo biocompatibility based on various staining results. Our study confirmed that TiCu/TiCuN-coated Ti promotes osteoporotic fracture healing associated with the Wnt pathway. Because the coating effectively accelerates the healing of osteoporotic fractures and improves bone quality, it has significant clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yongqiang Hao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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13
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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Wu M, Chen G. Wnt signaling: essential roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone metabolism and therapeutic implications for bone and skeletal disorders. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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14
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Li S, Yang Q, Jiao R, Xu P, Sun Y, Li X. m6A Topological Transition Coupled to Developmental Regulation of Gene Expression During Mammalian Tissue Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:916423. [PMID: 35865625 PMCID: PMC9294180 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.916423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification and reversible epitranscriptomic mark in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and plays essential roles in a variety of biological processes. However, the dynamic distribution patterns of m6A and their significance during mammalian tissue development are poorly understood. Here, we found that based on m6A distribution patterns, protein-coding genes were classified into five groups with significantly distinct biological features and functions. Strikingly, comparison of the m6A methylomes of multiple mammalian tissues between fetal and adult stages revealed dynamic m6A topological transition during mammalian tissue development, and identified large numbers of genes with significant m6A loss in 5′UTRs or m6A gain around stop codons. The genes with m6A loss in 5′UTRs were highly enriched in developmental stage-specific genes, and their m6A topological transitions were strongly associated with gene expression regulation during tissue development. The genes with m6A gain around the stop codons were associated with tissue-specific functions. Our findings revealed the existence of different m6A topologies among protein-coding genes that were associated with distinct characteristics. More importantly, these genes with m6A topological transitions were crucial for tissue development via regulation of gene expression, suggesting the importance of dynamic m6A topological transitions during mammalian tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yazhou Sun, ; Xin Li,
| | - Xin Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yazhou Sun, ; Xin Li,
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15
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Ubels JL, Lin CM, Antonetti DA, Diaz-Coranguez M, Diegel CR, Williams BO. Structure and function of the retina of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5)-deficient rats. Exp Eye Res 2022; 217:108977. [PMID: 35139333 PMCID: PMC9295635 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt co-receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), result in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG), and Norrie disease. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was used to produce rat strains deficient in Lrp5. The purpose of this study was to validate this rat model for studies of hypovascular, exudative retinopathies. The retinal vasculature of wildtype and Lrp5 knockout rats was stained with Giffonia simplifolia isolectin B4 and imaged by fluorescence microscopy. Effects on retinal structure were investigated by histology. The integrity of the blood-retina barrier was analyzed by measurement of permeability to Evans blue dye and staining for claudin-5. Retinas were imaged by fundus photography and SD-OCT, and electroretinograms were recorded. Lrp5 gene deletion led to sparse superficial retinal capillaries and loss of the deep and intermediate plexuses. Autofluorescent exudates were observed and are correlated with increased Evans blue permeability and absence of claudin-5 expression in superficial vessels. OCT images show pathology similar to OCT of humans with FEVR, and retinal thickness is reduced by 50% compared to wild-type rats. Histology and OCT reveal that photoreceptor and outer plexiform layers are absent. The retina failed to demonstrate an ERG response. CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing produced a predictable rat Lrp5 knockout model with extensive defects in the retinal vascular and neural structure and function. This rat model should be useful for studies of exudative retinal vascular diseases involving the Wnt and norrin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Ubels
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA; Department of Biology, Calvin University, 3201 Burton St., SE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA.
| | - Cheng-Mao Lin
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - David A Antonetti
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Monica Diaz-Coranguez
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Cassandra R Diegel
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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16
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O-fucosylation of thrombospondin type 1 repeats is essential for ECM remodeling and signaling during bone development. Matrix Biol 2022; 107:77-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Martínez-Gil N, Ugartondo N, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Wnt Pathway Extracellular Components and Their Essential Roles in Bone Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010138. [PMID: 35052478 PMCID: PMC8775112 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is involved in several processes essential for bone development and homeostasis. For proper functioning, the Wnt pathway is tightly regulated by numerous extracellular elements that act by both activating and inhibiting the pathway at different moments. This review aims to describe, summarize and update the findings regarding the extracellular modulators of the Wnt pathway, including co-receptors, ligands and inhibitors, in relation to bone homeostasis, with an emphasis on the animal models generated, the diseases associated with each gene and the bone processes in which each member is involved. The precise knowledge of all these elements will help us to identify possible targets that can be used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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18
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LRP6 Receptor Plays Essential Functions in Development and Human Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010120. [PMID: 35052459 PMCID: PMC8775365 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LRP6 is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily of cell-surface receptors. It is required for the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. LRP6 is detected in different tissue types and is involved in numerous biological activities such as cell proliferation, specification, metastatic cancer, and embryonic development. LRP6 is essential for the proper development of different organs in vertebrates, such as Xenopus laevis, chickens, and mice. In human, LRP6 overexpression and mutations have been reported in multiple complex diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancers. Clinical studies have shown that LRP6 is involved in various kinds of cancer, such as bladder and breast cancer. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the structure of LRP6 and its interactions with Wnt inhibitors (DKK1, SOST). We also discuss the expression of LRP6 in different model systems, with emphasis on its function in development and human diseases.
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19
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Cuello C, Martinez CA, Cambra JM, González-Plaza A, Parrilla I, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Gil MA, Martinez EA. Vitrification Effects on the Transcriptome of in vivo-Derived Porcine Morulae. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:771996. [PMID: 34869745 PMCID: PMC8633305 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.771996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the reported promising farrowing rates after non-surgical and surgical transfers of vitrified porcine morulae and blastocysts produced in vivo (range: 70–75%), the pregnancy loss is 5–15 fold higher with vitrified than with fresh embryos. The present study aimed to investigate whether vitrification affects the transcriptome of porcine morulae, using microarrays and RT-qPCR validation. Morulae were obtained surgically from weaned sows (n = 13) on day 6 (day 0 = estrus onset). A total of 60 morulae were vitrified (treatment group). After 1 week of storage, the vitrified morulae were warmed. Vitrified-warmed and non-vitrified fresh morulae (control; n = 40) were cultured for 24 h to assess embryo survival by stereomicroscopy after. A total of 30 vitrified/warmed embryos that were deemed viable and 30 fresh control embryos (three pools of 10 for each experimental group) were selected for microarray analysis. Gene expression was assessed with a GeneChip® Porcine Genome Array (Affymetrix). An ANOVA analysis p-unadjusted <0.05 and a fold change cut-off of ±1.5 were set to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Data analysis and biological interpretation were performed using the Partek Genomic Suite 7.0 software. The survival rate of morulae after vitrification and warming (92.0 ± 8.3%) was similar to that of the control (100%). A total of 233 DEGs were identified in vitrified morulae (38 upregulated and 195 downregulated), compared to the control group. Nine pathways were significantly modified. Go-enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly related to the Biological Process functional group. Up-regulated DEGs were involved in glycosaminoglycan degradation, metabolic pathways and tryptophan metabolism KEGG pathways. The pathways related to the down-regulated DEGs were glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, protein export and fatty acid elongation. The disruption of metabolic pathways in morulae could be related to impaired embryo quality and developmental potential, despite the relatively high survival rates after warming observed in vitro. In conclusion, vitrification altered the gene expression pattern of porcine morulae produced in vivo, generating alterations in the transcriptome that may interfere with subsequent embryo development and pregnancy after embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cuello
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina A Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Josep M Cambra
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Plaza
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria A Gil
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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20
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Jeong W, Jho EH. Regulation of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein LRP6 and Its Association With Disease: Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714330. [PMID: 34589484 PMCID: PMC8473786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays crucial roles in development and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation leads to various diseases, notably cancer. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is initiated when the glycoprotein Wnt binds to and forms a ternary complex with the Frizzled and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6). Despite being identified as a Wnt co-receptor over 20 years ago, the molecular mechanisms governing how LRP6 senses Wnt and transduces downstream signaling cascades are still being deciphered. Due to its role as one of the main Wnt signaling components, the dysregulation or mutation of LRP6 is implicated in several diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome and skeletal disease. Herein, we will review how LRP6 is activated by Wnt stimulation and explore the various regulatory mechanisms involved. The participation of LRP6 in other signaling pathways will also be discussed. Finally, the relationship between LRP6 dysregulation and disease will be examined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Jeong
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Ubels JL, Diegel CR, Foxa GE, Ethen NJ, Lensing JN, Madaj ZB, Williams BO. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5-Deficient Rats Have Reduced Bone Mass and Abnormal Development of the Retinal Vasculature. CRISPR J 2021; 3:284-298. [PMID: 32833527 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans carrying homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt co-receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), develop osteoporosis and a defective retinal vasculature known as familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) due to disruption of the Wnt signaling pathway. The purpose of this study was to use CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing to create strains of Lrp5-deficient rats and to determine whether knockout of Lrp5 resulted in phenotypes that model the bone and retina pathology in LRP5-deficient humans. Knockout of Lrp5 in rats produced low bone mass, decreased bone mineral density, and decreased bone size. The superficial retinal vasculature of Lrp5-deficient rats was sparse and disorganized, with extensive exudates and decreases in vascularized area, vessel length, and branch point density. This study showed that Lrp5 could be predictably knocked out in rats using CRISPR-Cas9, causing the expression of bone and retinal phenotypes that will be useful for studying the role of Wnt signaling in bone and retina development and for research on the treatment of osteoporosis and FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Ubels
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Cassandra R Diegel
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Gabrielle E Foxa
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole J Ethen
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan N Lensing
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Zachary B Madaj
- Core Technologies and Services, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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22
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Ju S, Lim L, Wi K, Park C, Ki YJ, Choi DH, Song H. LRP5 Regulates HIF-1α Stability via Interaction with PHD2 in Ischemic Myocardium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126581. [PMID: 34205318 PMCID: PMC8235097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) has been studied as a co-receptor for Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, its role in the ischemic myocardium is largely unknown. Here, we show that LRP5 may act as a negative regulator of ischemic heart injury via its interaction with prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), resulting in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) degradation. Overexpression of LRP5 in cardiomyocytes promoted hypoxia-induced apoptotic cell death, whereas LRP5-silenced cardiomyocytes were protected from hypoxic insult. Gene expression analysis (mRNA-seq) demonstrated that overexpression of LRP5 limited the expression of HIF-1α target genes. LRP5 promoted HIF-1α degradation, as evidenced by the increased hydroxylation and shorter stability of HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions through the interaction between LRP5 and PHD2. Moreover, the specific phosphorylation of LRP5 at T1492 and S1503 is responsible for enhancing the hydroxylation activity of PHD2, resulting in HIF-1α degradation, which is independent of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, direct myocardial delivery of adenoviral constructs, silencing LRP5 in vivo, significantly improved cardiac function in infarcted rat hearts, suggesting the potential value of LRP5 as a new target for ischemic injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Ju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (S.J.); (K.W.)
| | - Leejin Lim
- Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Kwanhwan Wi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (S.J.); (K.W.)
| | - Changwon Park
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
| | - Young-Jae Ki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.-H.C.)
| | - Dong-Hyun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.-H.C.)
| | - Heesang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (S.J.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6290
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23
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Lim KE, Bullock WA, Horan DJ, Williams BO, Warman ML, Robling AG. Co-deletion of Lrp5 and Lrp6 in the skeleton severely diminishes bone gain from sclerostin antibody administration. Bone 2021; 143:115708. [PMID: 33164872 PMCID: PMC7770084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cysteine knot protein sclerostin is an osteocyte-derived secreted inhibitor of the Wnt co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6. LRP5 plays a dominant role in bone homeostasis, but we previously reported that Sost/sclerostin suppression significantly increased osteogenesis regardless of Lrp5 presence or absence. Those observations suggested that the bone forming effects of sclerostin inhibition can occur through Lrp6 (when Lrp5 is suppressed), or through other yet undiscovered mechanisms independent of Lrp5/6. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we generated mice with compound deletion of Lrp5 and Lrp6 selectively in bone, and treated them with sclerostin monoclonal antibody (Scl-mAb). All mice were homozygous flox for both Lrp5 and Lrp6 (Lrp5f/f; Lrp6f/f), and varied only in whether or not they carried the Dmp1-Cre transgene. Positive (Cre+) and negative (Cre-) mice were injected with Scl-mAb or vehicle from 4.5 to 14 weeks of age. Vehicle-treated Cre+ mice exhibited significantly reduced skeletal properties compared to vehicle-treated Cre- mice, as assessed by DXA, μCT, pQCT, and histology, indicating that Lrp5/6 deletions were effective and efficient. Scl-mAb treatment improved nearly every bone-related parameter among Cre- mice, but the same treatment in Cre+ mice resulted in little to no improvement in skeletal properties. For the few endpoints where Cre+ mice responded to Scl-mAb, it is likely that antibody-induced promotion of Wnt signaling occurred in cell types earlier in the mesenchymal/osteoblast differentiation pathway than the Dmp1-expressing stage. This latter conclusion was supported by changes in some histomorphometric parameters. In conclusion, unlike with the deletion of Lrp5 alone, the bone-selective late-stage co-deletion of Lrp5 and Lrp6 significantly impairs or completely nullifies the osteogenic action of Scl-mAb, and highlights a major role for both Lrp5 and Lrp6 in the mechanism of action for the bone-building effects of sclerostin antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Eun Lim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Whitney A Bullock
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel J Horan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Matthew L Warman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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24
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Zheng S, Wei Y, Jiang Y, Hao Y. LRP8 activates STAT3 to induce PD-L1 expression in osteosarcoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2020; 107:238-246. [PMID: 33054597 DOI: 10.1177/0300891620952872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) may be an effective intervention for osteosarcoma and PD-L1 expression is controlled by diverse regulatory factors. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) regulates osteoblast differentiation and it is unclear whether and how LRP8 could contribute to osteosarcoma pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the LRP8/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/PD-L1 network in osteosarcoma. METHODS The expression of LRP8, STAT3, and PD-L1 was measured in osteosarcoma tissues and paired normal tissues. The effects of LRP8 on STAT3 and PD-L1 expression were investigated in an osteosarcoma cell line. The effects on immunosuppression were investigated in an in vitro co-culture system with Jurkat cell line and osteosarcoma cell line. The effects of LRP8 were blocked by a LRP8 neutralizing antibody, dominant-negative STAT3, or STAT3 inhibitor. RESULTS LRP8 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma compared to normal tissues and its level was correlated with phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) level in osteosarcoma tissues. In osteosarcoma cell lines, LRP8 increased p-STAT3 level and promoted nuclear translocation of STAT3. STAT3 activation also increased PD-L1 mRNA, protein, and promoter activity. In addition, LRP8 enhanced PD-L1 expression via STAT3. In a co-culture system, LRP8 overexpression in an osteosarcoma cell line impaired viability and interleukin-2 secretion of Jurkat cells and induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells. The effects of LRP8 could be blocked by neutralizing LRP8 antibody or STAT3 inhibitor. Blocking LRP8 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for a novel regulation network of LRP8/STAT3/PD-L1 in osteosarcoma and LRP8 may be a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Zheng
- Department of Osteoarthrosis, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- Department of Osteoarthrosis, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Osteoarthrosis, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Osteoarthrosis, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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25
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Jin YR, Han XH, Nishimori K, Ben-Avraham D, Oh YJ, Shim JW, Yoon JK. Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Activated by WNT9b and RSPO2 Cooperation Regulates Facial Morphogenesis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:264. [PMID: 32457899 PMCID: PMC7225269 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The R-spondin (RSPO) family of proteins potentiate canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and may provide a mechanism to fine-tune the strength of canonical WNT signaling. Although several in vitro studies have clearly demonstrated the potentiation of canonical WNT signaling by RSPOs, whether this potentiation actually occurs in normal development and tissue function in vivo still remains poorly understood. Here, we provide clear evidence of the potentiation of canonical WNT signaling by RSPO during mouse facial development by analyzing compound Wnt9b and Rspo2 gene knockout mice and utilizing ex vivo facial explants. Wnt9b;Rspo2 double mutant mice display facial defects and dysregulated gene expression pattern that are significantly more severe than and different from those of Wnt9b or Rspo2 null mutant mice. Furthermore, we found suggestive evidence that the LGR4/5/6 family of the RSPO receptors may play less critical roles in WNT9b:RSPO2 cooperation. Our results suggest that RSPO-induced cooperation is a key mechanism for fine-tuning canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in mouse facial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ri Jin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Xiang Hua Han
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dan Ben-Avraham
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Youn Jeong Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Shim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
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26
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Kushwaha P, Kim S, Foxa GE, Michalski MN, Williams BO, Tomlinson RE, Riddle RC. Frizzled-4 is required for normal bone acquisition despite compensation by Frizzled-8. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6673-6683. [PMID: 31985040 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is critical for skeletal development but surprisingly little is known about the requirements for the specific frizzled (Fzd) receptors that recognize Wnt ligands. To define the contributions of individual Fzd proteins to osteoblast function, we profiled the expression of all 10 mammalian receptors during calvarial osteoblast differentiation. Expression of Fzd4 was highly upregulated during in vitro differentiation and therefore targeted for further study. Mice lacking Fzd4 in mature osteoblasts had normal cortical bone structure but reduced cortical tissue mineral density and also exhibited an impairment in the femoral trabecular bone acquisition that was secondary to a defect in the mineralization process. Consistent with this observation, matrix mineralization, markers of osteoblastic differentiation, and the ability of Wnt3a to stimulate the accumulation of β-catenin were reduced in cultures of calvarial osteoblasts deficient for Fzd4. Interestingly, Fzd4-deficient osteoblasts exhibited an increase in the expression of Fzd8 both in vitro and in vivo, which suggests that the two receptors may exhibit overlapping functions. Indeed, ablating a single Fzd8 allele in osteoblast-specific Fzd4 mutants produced a more severe effect on bone acquisition. Taken together, our data indicate that Fzd4 is required for normal bone development and mineralization despite compensation from Fzd8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kushwaha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gabrielle E Foxa
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment and Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Megan N Michalski
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment and Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment and Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Ryan E Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Research and Development Service, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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27
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Cha B, Geng X, Mahamud MR, Zhang JY, Chen L, Kim W, Jho EH, Kim Y, Choi D, Dixon JB, Chen H, Hong YK, Olson L, Kim TH, Merrill BJ, Davis MJ, Srinivasan RS. Complementary Wnt Sources Regulate Lymphatic Vascular Development via PROX1-Dependent Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cell Rep 2019; 25:571-584.e5. [PMID: 30332639 PMCID: PMC6264919 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary for lymphatic vascular development. Oscillatory shear stress (OSS) enhances Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cultured lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to induce expression of the lymphedema-associated transcription factors GATA2 and FOXC2. However, the mechanisms by which OSS regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and GATA2 and FOXC2 expression are unknown. We show that OSS activates autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling in LECs in vitro. Tissue-specific deletion of Wntless, which is required for the secretion of Wnt ligands, reveals that LECs and vascular smooth muscle cells are complementary sources of Wnt ligands that regulate lymphatic vascular development in vivo. Further, the LEC master transcription factor PROX1 forms a complex with β-catenin and the TCF/LEF transcription factor TCF7L1 to enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promote FOXC2 and GATA2 expression in LECs. Thus, our work defines Wnt sources, reveals that PROX1 directs cell fate by acting as a Wnt signaling component, and dissects the mechanisms of PROX1 and Wnt synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boksik Cha
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xin Geng
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Md Riaj Mahamud
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jenny Y Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Wantae Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Deajeon, Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Dongwon Choi
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Brandon Dixon
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorin Olson
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Bradley J Merrill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - R Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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28
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Luther J, Yorgan TA, Rolvien T, Ulsamer L, Koehne T, Liao N, Keller D, Vollersen N, Teufel S, Neven M, Peters S, Schweizer M, Trumpp A, Rosigkeit S, Bockamp E, Mundlos S, Kornak U, Oheim R, Amling M, Schinke T, David JP. Wnt1 is an Lrp5-independent bone-anabolic Wnt ligand. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/466/eaau7137. [PMID: 30404864 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
WNT1 mutations in humans are associated with a new form of osteogenesis imperfecta and with early-onset osteoporosis, suggesting a key role of WNT1 in bone mass regulation. However, the general mode of action and the therapeutic potential of Wnt1 in clinically relevant situations such as aging remain to be established. Here, we report the high prevalence of heterozygous WNT1 mutations in patients with early-onset osteoporosis. We show that inactivation of Wnt1 in osteoblasts causes severe osteoporosis and spontaneous bone fractures in mice. In contrast, conditional Wnt1 expression in osteoblasts promoted rapid bone mass increase in developing young, adult, and aged mice by rapidly increasing osteoblast numbers and function. Contrary to current mechanistic models, loss of Lrp5, the co-receptor thought to transmit extracellular WNT signals during bone mass regulation, did not reduce the bone-anabolic effect of Wnt1, providing direct evidence that Wnt1 function does not require the LRP5 co-receptor. The identification of Wnt1 as a regulator of bone formation and remodeling provides the basis for development of Wnt1-targeting drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Luther
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur Alexander Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Ulsamer
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nannan Liao
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Keller
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nele Vollersen
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Teufel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mona Neven
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Peters
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rosigkeit
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jean-Pierre David
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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29
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Ge M, Liu C, Li L, Lan M, Yu Y, Gu L, Su Y, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Wang T, Liu C, Liu F, Li M, Xiong L, Wang K, He T, Dai Y, Zhao Y, Li N, Yu Z, Meng Q. miR-29a/b1 Inhibits Hair Follicle Stem Cell Lineage Progression by Spatiotemporally Suppressing WNT and BMP Signaling. Cell Rep 2019; 29:2489-2504.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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30
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Li H, Yue L, Xu H, Li N, Li J, Zhang Z, Zhao RC. Curcumin suppresses osteogenesis by inducing miR-126a-3p and subsequently suppressing the WNT/LRP6 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6983-6998. [PMID: 31480018 PMCID: PMC6756869 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural phenolic biphenyl compound derived from the plant Curcuma longa, modulates multiple steps of carcinogenesis partly by affecting the expression of miRNAs. Interestingly, cancer development shares many of the same signalling pathways with bone formation. Reduced bone mass creates favourable conditions for tumor metastasis. However, the effects and mechanism of curcumin on bone formation and osteogenesis are relatively unknown and controversial. We demonstrated that curcumin inhibited osteogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in a concentration-dependent manner. In hADSCs, curcumin modulates the expression of a series of miRNAs, including miR-126a-3p, during osteogenesis. Overexpression or inhibition of miR-126a-3p is required for the effect of curcumin on osteogenesis. Further investigation indicated that miR-126a-3p directly targets and inhibits LRP6 through binding to its 3’-UTR, and then blocks WNT activation. Our findings suggest that the use of curcumin as an anti-tumor agent may lead to decreased bone mass through the suppression of osteogenesis. Knowing whether the long-term or high doses use of curcumin will cause decreased bone mass and bone density, which might increase the potential threat of tumor metastasis, also requires a neutral assessment of the role of curcumin in both regulating bone formation and bone absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lifeng Yue
- Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haoying Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
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31
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Liu J, Cui Z, Wang F, Yao Y, Yu G, Liu J, Cao D, Niu S, You M, Sun Z, Lian D, Zhao T, Kang Y, Zhao Y, Xue HH, Yu S. Lrp5 and Lrp6 are required for maintaining self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:5615-5625. [PMID: 30668923 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802072r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal to maintain the HSCs' pool and the ability for multilineage differentiation, which are responsible for sustained production of multiple blood lineages. The regulation of HSC development is controlled precisely by complex signal networks and hematopoietic microenvironment, which has been termed the HSCs' niche. The Wnt signaling pathway is one of a variety of signaling pathways that have been involved in HSC self-renewal and maintenance. Previous studies are indeterminant on the regulation of adult HSCs upon canonical Wnt signaling pathways because of the different experimental systems and models used. In this study, we generated the conditional knockout Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6) mice in adult hematopoiesis via Vav-Cre Loxp system. Inactivation of Lrp5 and -6 in a hematopoietic system diminished the pool of HSCs, but there were no obvious defects in mature immune cells. Lrp5 and -6 double deficiency HSCs showed intrinsic defects in self-renewal and differentiation due to reduced proliferation and increased quiescence of the cell cycle. Analysis of HSC gene expression suggested that the quiescence regulators were significantly up-regulated, such as Egr1, Cdkn1a, Nr4a1, Gata2, Junb and Btg2, and the positive cell cycle regulators were correspondingly down-regulated, such as Ccna2 and Ranbp1. Taken together, we investigated the roles of Lrp5 and -6 in HSCs by functional and bioinformatic assays, and we demonstrated that Lrp5 and -6 are required for the self-renewal and differentiation of adult HSCs. The canonical Wnt pathway may contribute to maintaining the HSC pool and regulate the differentiation of adult HSCs by controlling cell cycle gene regulatory module.-Liu, J., Cui, Z., Wang, F., Yao, Y., Yu, G., Liu, J., Cao, D., Niu, S., You, M., Sun, Z., Lian, D., Zhao, T., Kang, Y., Zhao, Y., Xue, H.-H., Yu, S. Lrp5 and Lrp6 are required for maintaining self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Zhengzhi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yingpeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Guotao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Dengchao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Shuaishuai Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Menghao You
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Di Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Tianyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Youmin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
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Xu R, Khan SK, Zhou T, Gao B, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Yang Y. Gα s signaling controls intramembranous ossification during cranial bone development by regulating both Hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Bone Res 2018; 6:33. [PMID: 30479847 PMCID: PMC6242855 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
How osteoblast cells are induced is a central question for understanding skeletal formation. Abnormal osteoblast differentiation leads to a broad range of devastating craniofacial diseases. Here we have investigated intramembranous ossification during cranial bone development in mouse models of skeletal genetic diseases that exhibit craniofacial bone defects. The GNAS gene encodes Gαs that transduces GPCR signaling. GNAS activation or loss-of-function mutations in humans cause fibrous dysplasia (FD) or progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) that shows craniofacial hyperostosis or craniosynostosis, respectively. We find here that, while Hh ligand-dependent Hh signaling is essential for endochondral ossification, it is dispensable for intramembranous ossification, where Gαs regulates Hh signaling in a ligand-independent manner. We further show that Gαs controls intramembranous ossification by regulating both Hh and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, Gαs activation in the developing cranial bone leads to reduced ossification but increased cartilage presence due to reduced cartilage dissolution, not cell fate switch. Small molecule inhibitors of Hh and Wnt signaling can effectively ameliorate cranial bone phenotypes in mice caused by loss or gain of Gnas function mutations, respectively. Our work shows that studies of genetic diseases provide invaluable insights in both pathological bone defects and normal bone development, understanding both leads to better diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Xu
- 1Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA USA.,2State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Khan
- 1Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA USA
| | - Taifeng Zhou
- 1Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA USA.,3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Gao
- 1Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA USA.,4Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Zhou
- 1Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- 2State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzi Yang
- 1Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA USA
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34
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Chen D, Xie R, Shu B, Landay AL, Wei C, Reiser J, Spagnoli A, Torquati A, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, Sumner DR. Wnt signaling in bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue and interorgan interaction in aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1442:48-60. [PMID: 30101565 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, it has become increasingly apparent that Wnt signaling plays a critical role in development and adult tissue homeostasis in multiple organs and in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In particular, a crucial role for Wnt signaling in bone development and bone tissue homeostasis has been well recognized. Numerous genome-wide association studies confirmed the importance of Wnt signaling in controlling bone mass. Moreover, ample evidence suggests that Wnt signaling is essential for kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue development and homeostasis. Recent emerging evidence demonstrates that Wnt signaling may play a fundamental role in the aging process of those organs. New discoveries show that bone is not only the major reservoir for calcium and phosphate storage, but also the largest organ with multiple functions, including mineral and energy metabolism. The interactions among bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue are controlled and regulated by several endocrine signals, including FGF23, klotho, sclerostin, osteocalcin, vitamin D, and leptin. Since the aging process is characterized by structural and functional decline in almost all tissues and organs, understanding the Wnt signaling-related interactions among bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue in aging may shed light on the pathogenesis of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bing Shu
- Spine Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Changli Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna Spagnoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alfonso Torquati
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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35
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Oxidized phospholipids are ligands for LRP6. Bone Res 2018; 6:22. [PMID: 30038821 PMCID: PMC6050227 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) is a co-receptor for Wnt signaling and can be recruited by multiple growth factors/hormones to their receptors facilitating intracellular signaling activation. The ligands that bind directly to LRP6 have not been identified. Here, we report that bioactive oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs) are native ligands of LRP6, but not the closely related LRP5. oxPLs are products of lipid oxidation involving in pathological conditions such as hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and inflammation. We found that cell surface LRP6 in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) decreased rapidly in response to increased oxPLs in marrow microenvironment. LRP6 directly bound and mediated the uptake of oxPLs by MSCs. oxPL-LRP6 binding induced LRP6 endocytosis through a clathrin-mediated pathway, decreasing responses of MSCs to osteogenic factors and diminishing osteoblast differentiation ability. Thus, LRP6 functions as a receptor and molecular target of oxPLs for their adverse effect on MSCs, revealing a potential mechanism underlying atherosclerosis-associated bone loss.
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36
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Alzahrani MM, Makhdom AM, Rauch F, Lauzier D, Kotsiopriftis M, Ghadakzadeh S, Hamdy RC. Assessment of the effect of systemic delivery of sclerostin antibodies on Wnt signaling in distraction osteogenesis. J Bone Miner Metab 2018. [PMID: 28647818 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin is a known inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway which is involved in osteogenesis and, when inactivated, stimulates bone formation. To our knowledge, this effect has not been studied in the context of distraction osteogenesis (DO). Tibial DO was conducted on a total of 24 wild-type mice, which were then divided into 2 groups-a saline injection group (control) and an anti-sclerostin (Scl-Ab) injection group (treatment). The mice in the treatment group received 100 mg/kg intravenous injections of the antibody weekly until killing. The 12 mice in each group were subdivided into four time points according to post-osteotomy time of killing-11 days (mid-distraction), 17 days (late distraction), 34 days (mid-consolidation) and 51 days (late consolidation), with 3 mice per subgroup. After killing, the tibia specimens were collected for immunohistochemical analysis. Our results show that the group injected with anti-sclerostin had an earlier peak (day 11) in the distraction phase of the osteogenic molecules involved in the Wnt signaling pathway in comparison to the placebo group. In addition, downregulation of the inhibitors of this pathway was noted in the treatment group when compared with the placebo group. Furthermore, LRP-5 showed a significant increase in expression in the treatment group. Sclerostin inhibition has a significant effect on the DO process through its effect on the Wnt pathway. This effect was evident through the decreased effect of sclerostin on LRP-5 and earlier upregulation of the osteogenic molecules involved in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Alzahrani
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asim M Makhdom
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 0A9, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frank Rauch
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Dominique Lauzier
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Maria Kotsiopriftis
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Saber Ghadakzadeh
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Reggie C Hamdy
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 0A9, Canada
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Nayak G, Odaka Y, Prasad V, Solano AF, Yeo EJ, Vemaraju S, Molkentin JD, Trumpp A, Williams B, Rao S, Lang RA. Developmental vascular regression is regulated by a Wnt/β-catenin, MYC and CDKN1A pathway that controls cell proliferation and cell death. Development 2018; 145:dev154898. [PMID: 29777010 PMCID: PMC6031408 DOI: 10.1242/dev.154898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Normal development requires tight regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Here, we have investigated these control mechanisms in the hyaloid vessels, a temporary vascular network in the mammalian eye that requires a Wnt/β-catenin response for scheduled regression. We investigated whether the hyaloid Wnt response was linked to the oncogene Myc, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A (P21), both established regulators of cell cycle progression and cell death. Our analysis showed that the Wnt pathway co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 have overlapping activities that mediate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaloid vascular endothelial cells (VECs). We also showed that both Myc and Cdkn1a are downstream of the Wnt response and are required for hyaloid regression but for different reasons. Conditional deletion of Myc in VECs suppressed both proliferation and cell death. By contrast, conditional deletion of Cdkn1a resulted in VEC overproliferation that countered the effects of cell death on regression. When combined with analysis of MYC and CDKN1A protein levels, this analysis suggests that a Wnt/β-catenin and MYC-CDKN1A pathway regulates scheduled hyaloid vessel regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Nayak
- The Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Odaka
- The Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alyssa F Solano
- The Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Eun-Jin Yeo
- The Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Shruti Vemaraju
- The Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bart Williams
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research and Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sujata Rao
- Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Cleveland Clinic, Ophthalmic Research, 9500 Euclid Avenue, OH 44195, USA
| | - Richard A Lang
- The Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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38
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Agostini G, Holt BM, Relethford JH. Bone functional adaptation does not erase neutral evolutionary information. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:708-729. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Agostini
- Mayo Clinic/ASU Obesity Solutions, School of Human Evolution and Social ChangeArizona State UniversityTempe Arizona
| | - Brigitte M. Holt
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherst Massachusetts
| | - John H. Relethford
- Department of AnthropologyState University of New York at OneontaOneonta New York
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39
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Škrabar N, Turner LM, Pallares LF, Harr B, Tautz D. Using the
Mus musculus
hybrid zone to assess covariation and genetic architecture of limb bone lengths. Mol Ecol Resour 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neva Škrabar
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
| | - Leslie M. Turner
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry Milner Centre for Evolution University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Luisa F. Pallares
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
- Lewis‐Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Bettina Harr
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
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40
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Aldeiri B, Roostalu U, Albertini A, Behnsen J, Wong J, Morabito A, Cossu G. Abrogation of TGF-beta signalling in TAGLN expressing cells recapitulates Pentalogy of Cantrell in the mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3658. [PMID: 29483576 PMCID: PMC5826924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare multi-organ congenital anomaly that impedes ventral body wall closure and results in diaphragmatic hernia, intra- and pericardial defects. The underlying cellular and molecular changes that lead to these severe developmental defects have remained unknown largely due to the lack of representative animal models. Here we provide in depth characterization of a mouse model with conditional ablation of TGFβRII in Transgelin (Tagln) expressing cells. We show that Tagln is transiently expressed in a variety of cells that participate in the embryonic development and patterning of ventral structures. Genetic ablation of TGFβRII in these cells leads to ventral midline closure defect, diaphragmatic hernia, dilated cardiac outflow tract and aberrant cardiac septation, providing a reliable model to study the morphological changes leading to PC. We show that myogenisis in the diaphragm is independent of TGFβ and the diaphragmatic hernia arises from fibroblast-specific migration defect. In the dorsal body wall Tagln expression is initiated after the closure process, revealing a remarkable difference between ventral and dorsal body walls development. Our study demonstrates the use of micro-CT scanning to obtain a 3-dimensional high-resolution overview of embryonic anomalies and provides the first mechanistic insight into the development of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Aldeiri
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandra Albertini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCSS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Julia Behnsen
- Henry Moseley X-Ray Imaging Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jason Wong
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University Hospitals, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Antonino Morabito
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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41
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Orriss IR, Lanham S, Savery D, Greene NDE, Stanier P, Oreffo R, Copp AJ, Galea GL. Spina bifida-predisposing heterozygous mutations in Planar Cell Polarity genes and Zic2 reduce bone mass in young mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3325. [PMID: 29463853 PMCID: PMC5820290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractures are a common comorbidity in children with the neural tube defect (NTD) spina bifida. Mutations in the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway contribute to NTDs in humans and mice, but whether this pathway independently determines bone mass is poorly understood. Here, we first confirmed that core Wnt/PCP components are expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. In vivo, we performed detailed µCT comparisons of bone structure in tibiae from young male mice heterozygous for NTD-associated mutations versus WT littermates. PCP signalling disruption caused by Vangl2 (Vangl2Lp/+) or Celsr1 (Celsr1Crsh/+) mutations significantly reduced trabecular bone mass and distal tibial cortical thickness. NTD-associated mutations in non-PCP transcription factors were also investigated. Pax3 mutation (Pax3Sp2H/+) had minimal effects on bone mass. Zic2 mutation (Zic2Ku/+) significantly altered the position of the tibia/fibula junction and diminished cortical bone in the proximal tibia. Beyond these genes, we bioinformatically documented the known extent of shared genetic networks between NTDs and bone properties. 46 genes involved in neural tube closure are annotated with bone-related ontologies. These findings document shared genetic networks between spina bifida risk and bone structure, including PCP components and Zic2. Genetic variants which predispose to spina bifida may therefore independently diminish bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Stuart Lanham
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Dawn Savery
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philip Stanier
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Richard Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gabriel L Galea
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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42
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiometabolic diseases increasingly afflict our aging, dysmetabolic population. Complex signals regulating low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and frizzled protein family members - the plasma membrane receptors for the cadre of Wnt polypeptide morphogens - contribute to the control of cardiovascular homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Both canonical (β-catenin-dependent) and noncanonical (β-catenin-independent) Wnt signaling programs control vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell phenotypic modulation in cardiometabolic disease. LRP6 limits VSM proliferation, reduces arteriosclerotic transcriptional reprogramming, and preserves insulin sensitivity while LRP5 restrains foam cell formation. Adipose, skeletal muscle, macrophages, and VSM have emerged as important sources of circulating Wnt ligands that are dynamically regulated during the prediabetes-diabetes transition with cardiometabolic consequences. Platelets release Dkk1, a LRP5/LRP6 inhibitor that induces endothelial inflammation and the prosclerotic endothelial-mesenchymal transition. By contrast, inhibitory secreted frizzled-related proteins shape the Wnt signaling milieu to limit myocardial inflammation with ischemia-reperfusion injury. VSM sclerostin, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling in bone, restrains remodeling that predisposes to aneurysm formation, and is downregulated in aneurysmal vessels by epigenetic methylation. SUMMARY Components of the Wnt signaling cascade represent novel targets for pharmacological intervention in cardiometabolic disease. Conversely, strategies targeting the Wnt signaling cascade for other therapeutic purposes will have cardiovascular consequences that must be delineated to establish clinically useful pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Gay
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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43
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Abstract
A role for low-density lipoprotein-related receptor 5 (LRP5) in human bone was first established by the identification of genetic alterations that led to dramatic changes in bone mass. Shortly thereafter, mutations that altered the function of the sclerostin (SOST) gene were also associated with altered human bone mass. Subsequent studies of LRP5 and sclerostin have provided important insights into the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate skeletal homeostasis. Sclerostin normally binds to LRP5 and the related LRP6 protein and prevents their activation by Wnts, the LRP5/LRP6 ligands. The interaction of sclerostin with LRP5 or LRP6 is facilitated by the LRP4 protein. Loss of LRP5 leads to defective osteoblast function and low bone mass, while loss of SOST or mutations in LRP5, which produce a protein that can no longer be bound by SOST, result in high bone mass. Insights gained from the use of genetically engineered mouse models are presented, as well as a brief summary of the status of antibodies in clinical trials that block the function of SOST as a mechanism to increase bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology and Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, United States.
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44
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Yang T, Williams BO. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Proteins in Skeletal Development and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1211-1228. [PMID: 28615463 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) provided a foundation for subsequent studies in lipoprotein metabolism, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and many other fundamental biological functions. The importance of the LDLR led to numerous studies that identified homologous molecules and ultimately resulted in the description of the LDL-receptor superfamily, a group of proteins that contain domains also found in the LDLR. Subsequent studies have revealed that members of the LDLR-related protein family play roles in regulating many aspects of signal transduction. This review is focused on the roles of selected members of this protein family in skeletal development and disease. We present background on the identification of this subgroup of receptors, discuss the phenotypes associated with alterations in their function in human patients and mouse models, and describe the current efforts to therapeutically target these proteins to treat human skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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45
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Extracellular LDLR repeats modulate Wnt signaling activity by promoting LRP6 receptor endocytosis mediated by the Itch E3 ubiquitin ligase. Genes Cancer 2017; 8:613-627. [PMID: 28966723 PMCID: PMC5620007 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The LOW-density lipoprotein related protein 6 (LRP6) receptor is an important effector of canonical Wnt signaling, a developmental pathway, whose dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases including cancer. The membrane proximal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor repeats in LRP6 exhibit homology to ligand binding repeats in the LDL receptor (LDLR), but lack known function. We generated single amino acid substitutions of LRP6-LDLR repeat residues, which are highly conserved in the human LDLR and mutated in patients with Familial Hypercholesteremia (FH). These substitutions negatively impacted LRP6 internalization and activation of Wnt signaling. By mass spectrometry, we observed that the Itch E3 ubiquitin ligase associated with and ubiquitinated wild type LRP6 but not the LDLR repeat mutants. These findings establish the involvement of LRP6-LDLR repeats in the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling.
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Zhu S, He H, Zhang C, Wang H, Gao C, Yu X, He C. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 38:406-424. [PMID: 28665487 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is considered to be a well-defined subject that has caused high morbidity and mortality. In elderly women diagnosed with PMOP, low bone mass and fragile bone strength have been proven to significantly increase risk of fragility fractures. Currently, various anabolic and anti-resorptive therapies have been employed in an attempt to retain healthy bone mass and strength. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs), first applied in treating patients with delayed fracture healing and nonunions, may turn out to be another potential and effective therapy for PMOP. PEMFs can enhance osteoblastogenesis and inhibit osteoclastogenesis, thus contributing to an increase in bone mass and strength. However, accurate mechanisms of the positive effects of PEMFs on PMOP remain to be further elucidated. This review attempts to summarize recent advances of PEMFs in treating PMOP based on clinical trials, and animal and cellular studies. Possible mechanisms are also introduced, and the future possibility of application of PEMFs on PMOP are further explored and discussed. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:406-424, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Zhu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hongchen He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chengfei Gao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chengqi He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Droscha CJ, Diegel CR, Ethen NJ, Burgers TA, McDonald MJ, Maupin KA, Naidu AS, Wang P, Teh BT, Williams BO. Osteoblast-specific deletion of Hrpt2/Cdc73 results in high bone mass and increased bone turnover. Bone 2017; 98:68-78. [PMID: 28384511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations that lead to loss of heterozygosity within the HRPT2/Cdc73 gene are directly linked to the development of primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid adenomas, and ossifying fibromas of the jaw (HPT-JT). The protein product of the Cdc73 gene, parafibromin, is a core member of the polymerase-associated factors (PAF) complex, which coordinates epigenetic modifiers and transcriptional machinery to control gene expression. We conditionally deleted Cdc73 within mesenchymal progenitors or within mature osteoblasts and osteocytes to determine the consequences of parafibromin loss within the mesenchymal lineage. Homozygous deletion of Cdc73 via the Dermo1-Cre driver resulted in embryos which lacked mesenchymal organ development of internal organs, including the heart and fetal liver. Immunohistochemical detection of cleaved caspase-3 revealed extensive apoptosis within the progenitor pools of developing organs. Unexpectedly, when Cdc73 was homozygously deleted within mature osteoblasts and osteocytes (via the Ocn-Cre driver), the mice had a normal life span but increased cortical and trabecular bone. OCN-Cre;Cdc73flox/flox bones displayed large cortical pores actively undergoing bone remodeling. Additionally the cortical bone of OCN-Cre;Cdc73flox/flox femurs contained osteocytes with marked amounts of cytoplasmic RNA and a high rate of apoptosis. Transcriptional analysis via RNA-seq within OCN-Cre;Cdc73flox/flox osteoblasts showed that loss of Cdc73 led to a derepression of osteoblast-specific genes, specifically those for collagen and other bone matrix proteins. These results aid in our understanding of the role parafibromin plays within transcriptional regulation, terminal differentiation, and bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Droscha
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Cassandra R Diegel
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nicole J Ethen
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Travis A Burgers
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Mitchell J McDonald
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kevin A Maupin
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Agni S Naidu
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - PengFei Wang
- OB/GYN Department, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bin T Teh
- National Cancer Center of Singapore and SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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Pohlkamp T, Wasser CR, Herz J. Functional Roles of the Interaction of APP and Lipoprotein Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:54. [PMID: 28298885 PMCID: PMC5331069 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological fates of the key initiator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and a family of lipoprotein receptors, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related proteins (LRPs) and their molecular roles in the neurodegenerative disease process are inseparably interwoven. Not only does APP bind tightly to the extracellular domains (ECDs) of several members of the LRP group, their intracellular portions are also connected through scaffolds like the one established by FE65 proteins and through interactions with adaptor proteins such as X11/Mint and Dab1. Moreover, the ECDs of APP and LRPs share common ligands, most notably Reelin, a regulator of neuronal migration during embryonic development and modulator of synaptic transmission in the adult brain, and Agrin, another signaling protein which is essential for the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and which likely also has critical, though at this time less well defined, roles for the regulation of central synapses. Furthermore, the major independent risk factors for AD, Apolipoprotein (Apo) E and ApoJ/Clusterin, are lipoprotein ligands for LRPs. Receptors and ligands mutually influence their intracellular trafficking and thereby the functions and abilities of neurons and the blood-brain-barrier to turn over and remove the pathological product of APP, the amyloid-β peptide. This article will review and summarize the molecular mechanisms that are shared by APP and LRPs and discuss their relative contributions to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Pohlkamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Catherine R Wasser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
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A single nucleotide variant in microRNA-1269a promotes the occurrence and process of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting to oncogenes SPATS2L and LRP6. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:311-320. [PMID: 28081866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant and lethal cancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs(miRNAs) can affect the expression and target identification of miRNAs and lead to the formation of malignant tumors. However, little is known about whether microRNA-1269a (miR-1269a) SNPs affect the susceptibility and progression of HCC or their specific mechanism. The association between microRNA-1269a rs73239138 and the susceptibility to HCC was verified by MassARRAY assay in a large case-control sample. The effect of miR-1269a and the variant on the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells was examined by flow cytometry (FCM), CCK8 assay and Western blot. The target of miR-1269a was identified by bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR and its role on cell proliferative capacity was examined by CCK8 assay. The expression level of miR-1269a was analyzed by qRT-PCR in HCC cells transfected with wild or variant type pre-miR-1269a plasmid.MiR-1269a produced a tumor suppressor effect by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis of human HCC cells, possibly via inhibiting the expression of its target genes SPATS2L and LRP6, which were tumor promoters. While, rs73239138 (G>A) in miR-1269a reduced the anticancer effect of miR-1269a possibly by attenuating its total amount in HCC cells or its target recognition, reduce its inhibition on target genes and promoted the susceptibility to HCC. Our findings for the first time proved that miR-1269a SNP plays a role in the occurrence and process of HCC and the relevant mechanism, in accompany with the discovery of the novel target genes of miR-1269a.
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Wo D, Peng J, Ren DN, Qiu L, Chen J, Zhu Y, Yan Y, Yan H, Wu J, Ma E, Zhong TP, Chen Y, Liu Z, Liu S, Ao L, Liu Z, Jiang C, Peng J, Zou Y, Qian Q, Zhu W. Opposing Roles of Wnt Inhibitors IGFBP-4 and Dkk1 in Cardiac Ischemia by Differential Targeting of LRP5/6 and β-catenin. Circulation 2016; 134:1991-2007. [PMID: 27803037 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, triggering irreversible myocardial cell damage and heart failure. The role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) as coreceptors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the adult heart remain unknown. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 and dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1) are 2 secreted LRP5/6 binding proteins that play a crucial role in heart development through preventing Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. However, their roles in the adult heart remain unexplored.
Methods:
To understand the role of LRP5/6 and β-catenin in the adult heart, we constructed conditional cardiomyocyte-specific LRP5/6 and β-catenin knockout mice and induced surgical myocardial infarction. We also directly injected recombinant proteins of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 and Dkk1 into the heart immediately following myocardial infarction to further examine the mechanisms through which these proteins regulate LRP5/6 and β-catenin.
Results:
Deletion of LRP5/6 promoted cardiac ischemic insults. Conversely, deficiency of β-catenin, a downstream target of LRP5/6, was beneficial in ischemic injury. It is interesting to note that although both insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 and Dkk1 are secreted Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 protected the ischemic heart by inhibiting β-catenin, whereas Dkk1 enhanced the injury response mainly through inducing LRP5/6 endocytosis and degradation.
Conclusions:
Our findings reveal previously unidentified dual roles of LRP5/6 involved in the cardiomyocyte response to ischemic injury. These findings suggest new therapeutic strategies in ischemic heart disease by fine-tuning LRP5/6 and β-catenin signaling within the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wo
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Jinhui Peng
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Dan-ni Ren
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Liman Qiu
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Jinxiao Chen
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Ye Zhu
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Yingjing Yan
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Hongwei Yan
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Jian Wu
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - En Ma
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Tao P. Zhong
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Yihan Chen
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Luoquan Ao
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Zhenping Liu
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Jun Peng
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Qirong Qian
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
| | - Weidong Zhu
- From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory
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