1
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Peraldi R, Kmita M. 40 years of the homeobox: mechanisms of Hox spatial-temporal collinearity in vertebrates. Development 2024; 151:dev202508. [PMID: 39167089 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Animal body plans are established during embryonic development by the Hox genes. This patterning process relies on the differential expression of Hox genes along the head-to-tail axis. Hox spatial collinearity refers to the relationship between the organization of Hox genes in clusters and the differential Hox expression, whereby the relative order of the Hox genes within a cluster mirrors the spatial sequence of expression in the developing embryo. In vertebrates, the cluster organization is also associated with the timing of Hox activation, which harmonizes Hox expression with the progressive emergence of axial tissues. Thereby, in vertebrates, Hox temporal collinearity is intimately linked to Hox spatial collinearity. Understanding the mechanisms contributing to Hox temporal and spatial collinearity is thus key to the comprehension of vertebrate patterning. Here, we provide an overview of the main discoveries pertaining to the mechanisms of Hox spatial-temporal collinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigue Peraldi
- Genetics and Development Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Programme de Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie Kmita
- Genetics and Development Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Programme de Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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2
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Condemi L, Mocavini I, Aranda S, Di Croce L. Polycomb function in early mouse development. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01340-3. [PMID: 38997437 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic factors are crucial for ensuring proper chromatin dynamics during the initial stages of embryo development. Among these factors, the Polycomb group (PcG) of proteins plays a key role in establishing correct transcriptional programmes during mouse embryogenesis. PcG proteins are classified into two complexes: Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2. Both complexes decorate histone proteins with distinct post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are predictive of a silent transcriptional chromatin state. In recent years, a critical adaptation of the classical techniques to analyse chromatin profiles and to study biochemical interactions at low-input resolution has allowed us to deeply explore PcG molecular mechanisms in the very early stages of mouse embryo development- from fertilisation to gastrulation, and from zygotic genome activation (ZGA) to specific lineages differentiation. These advancements provide a foundation for a deeper understanding of the fundamental role Polycomb complexes play in early development and have elucidated the mechanistic dynamics of PRC1 and PRC2. In this review, we discuss the functions and molecular mechanisms of both PRC1 and PRC2 during early mouse embryo development, integrating new studies with existing knowledge. Furthermore, we highlight the molecular functionality of Polycomb complexes from ZGA through gastrulation, with a particular focus on non-canonical imprinted and bivalent genes, and Hox cluster regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Condemi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivano Mocavini
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Sergi Aranda
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Rekaik H, Duboule D. A CTCF-dependent mechanism underlies the Hox timer: relation to a segmented body plan. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 85:102160. [PMID: 38377879 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
During gastrulation, Hox genes are activated in a time-sequence that follows the order of the genes along their clusters. This property, which is observed in all animals that develop following a progressive rostral-to-caudal morphogenesis, is associated with changes in the chromatin structure and epigenetic profiles of Hox clusters, suggesting a process at least partly based on sequential gene accessibility. Here, we discuss recent work on this issue, as well as a possible mechanism based on the surprising conservation in both the distribution and orientation of CTCF sites inside vertebrate Hox clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocine Rekaik
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France. https://twitter.com/@hocine_Rekaik
| | - Denis Duboule
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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4
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Lozovska A, Korovesi AG, Duarte P, Casaca A, Assunção T, Mallo M. The control of transitions along the main body axis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 159:272-308. [PMID: 38729678 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Although vertebrates display a large variety of forms and sizes, the mechanisms controlling the layout of the basic body plan are substantially conserved throughout the clade. Following gastrulation, head, trunk, and tail are sequentially generated through the continuous addition of tissue at the caudal embryonic end. Development of each of these major embryonic regions is regulated by a distinct genetic network. The transitions from head-to-trunk and from trunk-to-tail development thus involve major changes in regulatory mechanisms, requiring proper coordination to guarantee smooth progression of embryonic development. In this review, we will discuss the key cellular and embryological events associated with those transitions giving particular attention to their regulation, aiming to provide a cohesive outlook of this important component of vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Casaca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tereza Assunção
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Moises Mallo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, Oeiras, Portugal.
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5
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Rekaik H, Lopez-Delisle L, Hintermann A, Mascrez B, Bochaton C, Mayran A, Duboule D. Sequential and directional insulation by conserved CTCF sites underlies the Hox timer in stembryos. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1164-1175. [PMID: 37322110 PMCID: PMC10335938 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During development, Hox genes are temporally activated according to their relative positions on their clusters, contributing to the proper identities of structures along the rostrocaudal axis. To understand the mechanism underlying this Hox timer, we used mouse embryonic stem cell-derived stembryos. Following Wnt signaling, the process involves transcriptional initiation at the anterior part of the cluster and a concomitant loading of cohesin complexes enriched on the transcribed DNA segments, that is, with an asymmetric distribution favoring the anterior part of the cluster. Chromatin extrusion then occurs with successively more posterior CTCF sites acting as transient insulators, thus generating a progressive time delay in the activation of more posterior-located genes due to long-range contacts with a flanking topologically associating domain. Mutant stembryos support this model and reveal that the presence of evolutionary conserved and regularly spaced intergenic CTCF sites controls the precision and the pace of this temporal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocine Rekaik
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucille Lopez-Delisle
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Hintermann
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Mascrez
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Célia Bochaton
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Mayran
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denis Duboule
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Collège de France, Paris, France.
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6
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Shao Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Yuan Y, Xing D. Growth differentiation factor 11: A new hope for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 71-72:82-93. [PMID: 37414617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that has garnered significant attention due to its anti-cardiac aging properties. Many studies have revealed that GDF11 plays an indispensable role in the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Consequently, it has emerged as a potential target and novel therapeutic agent for CVD treatment. However, currently, no literature reviews comprehensively summarize the research on GDF11 in the context of CVDs. Therefore, herein, we comprehensively described GDF11's structure, function, and signaling in various tissues. Furthermore, we focused on the latest findings concerning its involvement in CVD development and its potential for clinical translation as a CVD treatment. We aim to provide a theoretical basis for the prospects and future research directions of the GDF11 application regarding CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Shao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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7
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Tekguc M, Gaal RCVAN, Uzel SGM, Gupta N, Riella LV, Lewis JA, Morizane R. Kidney organoids: a pioneering model for kidney diseases. Transl Res 2022; 250:1-17. [PMID: 35750295 PMCID: PMC9691572 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is a vital organ that regulates the bodily fluid and electrolyte homeostasis via tailored urinary excretion. Kidney injuries that cause severe or progressive chronic kidney disease have driven the growing population of patients with end-stage kidney disease, leading to substantial patient morbidity and mortality. This irreversible kidney damage has also created a huge socioeconomical burden on the healthcare system, highlighting the need for novel translational research models for progressive kidney diseases. Conventional research methods such as in vitro 2D cell culture or animal models do not fully recapitulate complex human kidney diseases. By contrast, directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells enables in vitro generation of patient-specific 3D kidney organoids, which can be used to model acute or chronic forms of hereditary, developmental, and metabolic kidney diseases. Furthermore, when combined with biofabrication techniques, organoids can be used as building blocks to construct vascularized kidney tissues mimicking their in vivo counterpart. By applying gene editing technology, organoid building blocks may be modified to minimize the process of immune rejection in kidney transplant recipients. In the foreseeable future, the universal kidney organoids derived from HLA-edited/deleted induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines may enable the supply of bioengineered organotypic kidney structures that are immune-compatible for the majority of the world population. Here, we summarize recent advances in kidney organoid research coupled with novel technologies such as organoids-on-chip and biofabrication of 3D kidney tissues providing convenient platforms for high-throughput drug screening, disease modelling, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Tekguc
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald C VAN Gaal
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sebastien G M Uzel
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Navin Gupta
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, Massachusetts; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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8
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Cooper F, Gentsch GE, Mitter R, Bouissou C, Healy LE, Rodriguez AH, Smith JC, Bernardo AS. Rostrocaudal patterning and neural crest differentiation of human pre-neural spinal cord progenitors in vitro. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:894-910. [PMID: 35334218 PMCID: PMC9023813 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord emerges from a niche of neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) formed and maintained by WNT/fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals at the posterior end of the embryo. NMPs can be generated from human pluripotent stem cells and hold promise for spinal cord replacement therapies. However, NMPs are transient, which compromises production of the full range of rostrocaudal spinal cord identities in vitro. Here we report the generation of NMP-derived pre-neural progenitors (PNPs) with stem cell-like self-renewal capacity. PNPs maintain pre-spinal cord identity for 7-10 passages, dividing to self-renew and to make neural crest progenitors, while gradually adopting a more posterior identity by activating colinear HOX gene expression. The HOX clock can be halted through GDF11-mediated signal inhibition to produce a PNP and NC population with a thoracic identity that can be maintained for up to 30 passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Cooper
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - George E Gentsch
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Camille Bouissou
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lyn E Healy
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ana Hernandez Rodriguez
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James C Smith
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andreia S Bernardo
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
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9
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Needham J, Metzis V. Heads or tails: Making the spinal cord. Dev Biol 2022; 485:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Kidney development to kidney organoids and back again. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 127:68-76. [PMID: 34627669 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Kidney organoid technology has led to a renaissance in kidney developmental biology. The complex underpinnings of mammalian kidney development have provided a framework for the generation of kidney cells and tissues from human pluripotent stem cells. Termed kidney organoids, these 3-dimensional structures contain kidney-specific cell types distributed similarly to in vivo architecture. The adult human kidney forms from the reciprocal induction of two disparate tissues, the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) and ureteric bud (UB), to form nephrons and collecting ducts, respectively. Although nephrons and collecting ducts are derived from the intermediate mesoderm (IM), their development deviates in time and space to impart distinctive inductive signaling for which separate differentiation protocols are required. Here we summarize the directed differentiation protocols which generate nephron kidney organoids and collecting duct kidney organoids, making note of similarities as much as differences. We discuss limitations of these present approaches and discuss future directions to improve kidney organoid technology, including a greater understanding of anterior IM and its derivatives to enable an improved differentiation protocol to collecting duct organoids for which historic and future developmental biology studies will be instrumental.
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11
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Diaz-Cuadros M, Pourquié O, El-Sherif E. Patterning with clocks and genetic cascades: Segmentation and regionalization of vertebrate versus insect body plans. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009812. [PMID: 34648490 PMCID: PMC8516289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory and sequential processes have been implicated in the spatial patterning of many embryonic tissues. For example, molecular clocks delimit segmental boundaries in vertebrates and insects and mediate lateral root formation in plants, whereas sequential gene activities are involved in the specification of regional identities of insect neuroblasts, vertebrate neural tube, vertebrate limb, and insect and vertebrate body axes. These processes take place in various tissues and organisms, and, hence, raise the question of what common themes and strategies they share. In this article, we review 2 processes that rely on the spatial regulation of periodic and sequential gene activities: segmentation and regionalization of the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of animal body plans. We study these processes in species that belong to 2 different phyla: vertebrates and insects. By contrasting 2 different processes (segmentation and regionalization) in species that belong to 2 distantly related phyla (arthropods and vertebrates), we elucidate the deep logic of patterning by oscillatory and sequential gene activities. Furthermore, in some of these organisms (e.g., the fruit fly Drosophila), a mode of AP patterning has evolved that seems not to overtly rely on oscillations or sequential gene activities, providing an opportunity to study the evolution of pattern formation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Diaz-Cuadros
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ezzat El-Sherif
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Wang DX, Zhu XD, Ma XR, Wang LB, Dong ZJ, Lin RR, Cao YN, Zhao JW. Loss of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 Shortens Telomere Length by Downregulating Telomerase Activity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:726345. [PMID: 34588995 PMCID: PMC8473905 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.726345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of telomere length is essential to delay replicative cellular senescence. It is controversial on whether growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) can reverse cellular senescence, and this work aims to establish the causality between GDF11 and the telomere maintenance unequivocally. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technique and a long-term in vitro culture model of cellular senescence, we show here that in vitro genetic deletion of GDF11 causes shortening of telomere length, downregulation of telomeric reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomeric RNA component (TERC), the key enzyme and the RNA component for extension of the telomere, and reduction of telomerase activity. In contrast, both recombinant and overexpressed GDF11 restore the transcription of TERT in GDF11KO cells to the wild-type level. Furthermore, loss of GDF11-induced telomere shortening is likely caused by enhancing the nuclear entry of SMAD2 which inhibits the transcription of TERT and TERC. Our results provide the first proof-of-cause-and-effect evidence that endogenous GDF11 plays a causal role for proliferative cells to maintain telomere length, paving the way for potential rejuvenation of the proliferative cells, tissues, and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Xian Wang
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Ma
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Dong
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong Lin
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Na Cao
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Tsujimoto H, Kasahara T, Sueta SI, Araoka T, Sakamoto S, Okada C, Mae SI, Nakajima T, Okamoto N, Taura D, Nasu M, Shimizu T, Ryosaka M, Li Z, Sone M, Ikeya M, Watanabe A, Osafune K. A Modular Differentiation System Maps Multiple Human Kidney Lineages from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107476. [PMID: 32268094 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have developed protocols to induce kidney-lineage cells and reconstruct kidney organoids. However, the separate generation of metanephric nephron progenitors (NPs), mesonephric NPs, and ureteric bud (UB) cells, which constitute embryonic kidneys, in in vitro differentiation culture systems has not been fully investigated. Here, we create a culture system in which these mesoderm-like cell types and paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm-like cells are separately generated from hPSCs. We recapitulate nephrogenic niches from separately induced metanephric NP-like and UB-like cells, which are subsequently differentiated into glomeruli, renal tubules, and collecting ducts in vitro and further vascularized in vivo. Our selective differentiation protocols should contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying human kidney development and disease and also supply cell sources for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Tsujimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kasahara
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sueta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Araoka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chihiro Okada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Mitsubishi Space Software, 5-4-36 Tsukaguchi-honmachi, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0001, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Mae
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taiki Nakajima
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Natsumi Okamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Nasu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Ryosaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Zhongwei Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR 618, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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14
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Mouilleau V, Vaslin C, Robert R, Gribaudo S, Nicolas N, Jarrige M, Terray A, Lesueur L, Mathis MW, Croft G, Daynac M, Rouiller-Fabre V, Wichterle H, Ribes V, Martinat C, Nedelec S. Dynamic extrinsic pacing of the HOX clock in human axial progenitors controls motor neuron subtype specification. Development 2021; 148:148/6/dev194514. [PMID: 33782043 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rostro-caudal patterning of vertebrates depends on the temporally progressive activation of HOX genes within axial stem cells that fuel axial embryo elongation. Whether the pace of sequential activation of HOX genes, the 'HOX clock', is controlled by intrinsic chromatin-based timing mechanisms or by temporal changes in extrinsic cues remains unclear. Here, we studied HOX clock pacing in human pluripotent stem cell-derived axial progenitors differentiating into diverse spinal cord motor neuron subtypes. We show that the progressive activation of caudal HOX genes is controlled by a dynamic increase in FGF signaling. Blocking the FGF pathway stalled induction of HOX genes, while a precocious increase of FGF, alone or with GDF11 ligand, accelerated the HOX clock. Cells differentiated under accelerated HOX induction generated appropriate posterior motor neuron subtypes found along the human embryonic spinal cord. The pacing of the HOX clock is thus dynamically regulated by exposure to secreted cues. Its manipulation by extrinsic factors provides synchronized access to multiple human neuronal subtypes of distinct rostro-caudal identities for basic and translational applications.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mouilleau
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France.,I-STEM, UMR 861, Inserm, UEPS, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Célia Vaslin
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Robert
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Simona Gribaudo
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nour Nicolas
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, UMR 967, INSERM, CEA/DSV/iRCM/SCSR, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses F-92265, France
| | - Margot Jarrige
- I-STEM, UMR 861, Inserm, UEPS, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Angélique Terray
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Léa Lesueur
- I-STEM, UMR 861, Inserm, UEPS, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Mackenzie W Mathis
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gist Croft
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mathieu Daynac
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Rouiller-Fabre
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, UMR 967, INSERM, CEA/DSV/iRCM/SCSR, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses F-92265, France
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vanessa Ribes
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Martinat
- I-STEM, UMR 861, Inserm, UEPS, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Stéphane Nedelec
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France .,Inserm, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Saito S, Suzuki T. How do signaling and transcription factors regulate both axis elongation and Hox gene expression along the anteroposterior axis? Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:363-375. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Saito
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
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16
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a unique cell type that has unusual plasticity controlled by environmental stimuli. As an abnormal increase of VSMC proliferation is associated with various vascular diseases, tight regulation of VSMC phenotypes is essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis. Hypoxia is one environmental stress that stimulates VSMC proliferation. Emerging evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators in the hypoxic responses of VSMCs. Therefore, we previously investigated miRNAs modulated by hypoxia in VSMCs and found that miR-1260b is one of the most upregulated miRNAs under hypoxia. However, the mechanism that underlies the regulation of VSMCs via miR-1260b in response to hypoxia has not been explored. Here we demonstrated that hypoxia-induced miR-1260b promotes VSMC proliferation. We also identified growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, as a novel target of miR-1260b. miR-1260b directly targets the 3’UTR of GDF11. Downregulation of GDF11 inhibited Smad signaling and consequently enhanced the proliferation of VSMCs. Our findings suggest that miR-1260b-mediated GDF11-Smad-dependent signaling is an essential regulatory mechanism in the proliferation of VSMCs, and this axis is modulated by hypoxia to promote abnormal VSMC proliferation. Therefore, our study unveils a novel function of miR-1260b in the pathological proliferation of VSMCs under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyeong Seong
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Hara Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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17
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Simoni-Nieves A, Gerardo-Ramírez M, Pedraza-Vázquez G, Chávez-Rodríguez L, Bucio L, Souza V, Miranda-Labra RU, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC. GDF11 Implications in Cancer Biology and Metabolism. Facts and Controversies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1039. [PMID: 31681577 PMCID: PMC6803553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the super family of the Transforming Growth Factor β, has gained more attention in the last few years due to numerous reports regarding its functions in other systems, which are different to those related to differentiation and embryonic development, such as age-related muscle dysfunction, skin biology, metabolism, and cancer. GDF11 is expressed in many tissues, including skeletal muscle, pancreas, kidney, nervous system, and retina, among others. GDF11 circulating levels and protein content in tissues are quite variable and are affected by pathological conditions or age. Although, GDF11 biology had a lot of controversies, must of them are only misunderstandings regarding the variability of its responses, which are independent of the tissue, grade of cellular differentiation or pathologies. A blunt fact regarding GDF11 biology is that its target cells have stemness feature, a property that could be found in certain adult cells in health and in disease, such as cancer cells. This review is focused to present and analyze the recent findings in the emerging research field of GDF11 function in cancer and metabolism, and discusses the controversies surrounding the biology of this atypical growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Simoni-Nieves
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Gerardo-Ramírez
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gibrán Pedraza-Vázquez
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lisette Chávez-Rodríguez
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Bucio
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Souza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana U Miranda-Labra
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis E Gomez-Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Aires R, de Lemos L, Nóvoa A, Jurberg AD, Mascrez B, Duboule D, Mallo M. Tail Bud Progenitor Activity Relies on a Network Comprising Gdf11, Lin28, and Hox13 Genes. Dev Cell 2019; 48:383-395.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Reassessing the Role of Hox Genes during Vertebrate Development and Evolution. Trends Genet 2018; 34:209-217. [PMID: 29269261 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery Hox genes have been at the core of the established models explaining the development and evolution of the vertebrate body plan as well as its paired appendages. Recent work brought new light to their role in the patterning processes along the main body axis. These studies show that Hox genes do not control the basic layout of the vertebrate body plan but carry out region-specific patterning instructions loaded on the derivatives of axial progenitors by Hox-independent processes. Furthermore, the finding that Hox clusters are embedded in functional chromatin domains, which critically impacts their expression, has significantly altered our understanding of the mechanisms of Hox gene regulation. This new conceptual framework has broadened our understanding of both limb development and the evolution of vertebrate paired appendages.
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20
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Zhang YH, Cheng F, Du XT, Gao JL, Xiao XL, Li N, Li SL, Dong DL. GDF11/BMP11 activates both smad1/5/8 and smad2/3 signals but shows no significant effect on proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12063-74. [PMID: 26919250 PMCID: PMC4914269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
GDF11/BMP11, a member of TGF-β superfamily, was reported to rejuvenate heart, skeletal muscle and blood vessel architecture in aged mice. However, the rejuvenative effects of GDF11 were questioned recently. Here, we investigated the effects of GDF11 on smad and non-smad signals in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the effects of GDF11 on proliferation and migration of HUVECs and primary rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). GDF11 factor purchased from two different companies (PeproTech and R&D Systems) was comparatively studied. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions. The cell viability and migration were examined by using MTT and wound healing assays. Results showed that GDF11 activated both smad1/5/8 and smad2/3 signals in HUVECs. GDF11 increased protein expression of NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4) in HUVECs. GDF11 showed no significant effect on the protein level of p38, p-p38, ERK, p-ERK, Akt, p-Akt (Ser473) and p-Akt(Thr308), but increased the protein level of p-JNK and p-AMPK in HUVECs, and these increases were inhibited by antioxidant mitoTEMPO treatment. GDF11 slightly increased cell viability after short-term treatment and slightly decreased cell viability after long-term treatment. GDF11 showed no significant effect on cell proliferation and migration. These data indicated that the notion of GDF11 as a rejuvenation-related factor for endothelial cells needs to be cautious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Xue-Ting Du
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Jin-Lai Gao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Lin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Shan-Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - De Li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
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21
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Abstract
Collinear regulation of Hox genes in space and time has been an outstanding question ever since the initial work of Ed Lewis in 1978. Here we discuss recent advances in our understanding of this phenomenon in relation to novel concepts associated with large-scale regulation and chromatin structure during the development of both axial and limb patterns. We further discuss how this sequential transcriptional activation marks embryonic stem cell-like axial progenitors in mammals and, consequently, how a temporal genetic system is further translated into spatial coordinates via the fate of these progenitors. In this context, we argue the benefit and necessity of implementing this unique mechanism as well as the difficulty in evolving an alternative strategy to deliver this critical positional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Deschamps
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Denis Duboule
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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22
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Abstract
In addition to its roles in embryonic development, Growth and Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF 11) has recently drawn much interest about its roles in other processes, such as aging. GDF 11 has been shown to play pivotal roles in the rescue of the proliferative and regenerative capabilities of skeletal muscle, neural stem cells and cardiomyocytes. We would be remiss not to point that some controversy exists regarding the role of GDF 11 in biological processes and whether it will serve as a therapeutic agent. The latest studies have shown that the level of circulating GDF 11 correlates with the outcomes of patients with cardiovascular diseases, cancer and uremia. Based on these studies, GDF 11 is a promising candidate to serve as a novel biomarker of diseases. This brief review gives a detailed and concise view of the regulation and functions of GDF 11 and its roles in development, neurogenesis and erythropoiesis as well as the prospect of using this protein as an indicator of cardiac health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jamaiyar
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - W Wan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - D M Janota
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - M K Enrick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - W M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - L Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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23
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Morizane R, Bonventre JV. Kidney Organoids: A Translational Journey. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:246-263. [PMID: 28188103 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are attractive sources for regenerative medicine and disease modeling in vitro. Directed hPSC differentiation approaches have derived from knowledge of cell development in vivo rather than from stochastic cell differentiation. Moreover, there has been great success in the generation of 3D organ-buds termed 'organoids' from hPSCs; these consist of a variety of cell types in vitro that mimic organs in vivo. The organoid bears great potential in the study of human diseases in vitro, especially when combined with CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing. We summarize the current literature describing organoid studies with a special focus on kidney organoids, and discuss goals and future opportunities for organoid-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Morizane
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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24
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Jin M, Song S, Guo L, Jiang T, Lin ZY. Increased serum GDF11 concentration is associated with a high prevalence of osteoporosis in elderly native Chinese women. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:1145-1147. [PMID: 27557752 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Jin
- Department of Orthopedics; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
- Department of Endocrinology; The Heji Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Shumin Song
- Department of Endocrinology; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Tiejian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhang-Yuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
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25
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Morizane R, Lam AQ. Directed Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells into Kidney. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:147-52. [PMID: 26417199 PMCID: PMC4571990 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), represent an ideal substrate for regenerating kidney cells and tissue lost through injury and disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability to differentiate PSCs into populations of nephron progenitor cells that can organize into kidney epithelial structures in three-dimensional contexts. While these findings are highly encouraging, further studies need to be performed to improve the efficiency and specificity of kidney differentiation. The identification of specific markers of the differentiation process is critical to the development of protocols that effectively recapitulate nephrogenesis in vitro. In this review, we summarize the current studies describing the differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs into cells of the kidney lineage. We also present an analysis of the markers relevant to the stages of kidney development and differentiation and propose a new roadmap for the directed differentiation of PSCs into nephron progenitor cells of the metanephric mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Morizane
- Division of Kidney Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Q Lam
- Division of Kidney Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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26
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Abstract
Yu et al. report that in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) cells, TGF-β potently induces expression of DOCK4, but not other DOCK family members, via the Smad pathway. TGF-β-induced DOCK4 stimulates lung ADC cell protrusion, motility, and invasion without affecting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These processes are driven by DOCK4-mediated Rac1 activation, unveiling a novel link between TGF-β and Rac1. The mechanisms by which TGF-β promotes lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) metastasis are largely unknown. Here, we report that in lung ADC cells, TGF-β potently induces expression of DOCK4, but not other DOCK family members, via the Smad pathway and that DOCK4 induction mediates TGF-β’s prometastatic effects by enhancing tumor cell extravasation. TGF-β-induced DOCK4 stimulates lung ADC cell protrusion, motility, and invasion without affecting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These processes, which are fundamental to tumor cell extravasation, are driven by DOCK4-mediated Rac1 activation, unveiling a novel link between TGF-β and Rac1. Thus, our findings uncover the atypical Rac1 activator DOCK4 as a key component of the TGF-β/Smad pathway that promotes lung ADC cell extravasation and metastasis.
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