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Jin Z, Zhang P, Huang H, Liu J, Jiang C, Zhang H, Ren L, Sun B, Chang X, Gao T, Sun W. Food-derived skin-care ingredient as a promising strategy for skin aging: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 244:114170. [PMID: 39180992 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Skin aging involves complex biochemical reactions and has attracted a growing concern recently. For it, there is a great desire to replace the hazardous and easy-recurring "therapy means" with "daily care" based on some natural and healthy ingredients. According to a novel theory called "homology of cosmetic and food", the safety, efficacy and accessibility of food-derived skin-care ingredients offer an attractive option for combating skin aging, which will be an inevitable trend of dermatology in the future. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major trigger of skin aging. It acts on the skin and generates reactive oxygen species, which causing oxidative stress. More, matrix metalloproteinase and melanin levels are also upregulated by the UV-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and tyrosinase, respectively, resulting in collagen degradation and melanin deposition in the extracellular matrix. Through the existing studies, the relevant key biomarkers and biochemical pathways can be effectively controlled by skin-care ingredients from animal-derived and plant-derived foods as well as traditional herbs, thus preserving human skin from UV-induced aging in terms of antioxidant, collagen protection and melanin inhibition. To extend their application potential, some carriers represented by nanoliposomes can facilitate the transdermal absorption of food-derived skin-care ingredients by the variation of molecular weight and lipid solubility. The present review will provide an overview of the trigger mechanisms of skin aging, and focus on the molecular biology aspects of food-derived skin-care ingredients in skin matrix and the critical summarize of their research state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Huan Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Chaoping Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Hanyuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Lu Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Bingkun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Xianghan Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Tingyue Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.
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Wang L, Xue Z, Tian Y, Zeng W, Zhang T, Lu H. A single-cell transcriptome atlas of Lueyang black-bone chicken skin. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103513. [PMID: 38350389 PMCID: PMC10875617 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
As the largest organ of the body, the skin participates in various physiological activities, such as barrier function, sensory function, and temperature regulation, thereby maintaining the balance between the body and the natural environment. To date, compositional and transcriptional profiles in chicken skin cells have not been reported. Here, we report detailed transcriptome analyses of cell populations present in the skin of a black-feather chicken and a white-feather chicken using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). By analyzing cluster-specific gene expression profiles, we identified 12 cell clusters, and their corresponding cell types were also characterized. Subsequently, we characterized the subpopulations of keratinocytes, myocytes, mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, and melanocytes. It is worth noting that we have identified a subpopulation of keratinocytes involved in pigment granule capture and a subpopulation of melanocytes involved in pigment granule deposition, both of which have a higher cell abundance in black-feather chicken compared to white-feather chicken. Meanwhile, we also compared the cellular heterogeneity features of Lueyang black-bone chicken skin with different feather colors. In addition, we also screened out 12 genes those could be potential markers of melanocytes. Finally, we validated the specific expression of SGK1, WNT5A, CTSC, TYR, and LAPTM5 in black-feather chicken, which may be the key candidate genes determining the feather color differentiation of Lueyang black-bone chicken. In summary, this study first revealed the transcriptome characteristics of chicken skin cells via scRNA-seq technology. These datasets provide valuable information for the study of avian skin characteristics and have important implications for future poultry breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Yingmin Tian
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Hongzhao Lu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
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3
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Shahbazi A, Zargar SJ, Aghdami N, Habibi M. The story of melanocyte: a long way from bench to bedside. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:143-157. [PMID: 37046149 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Skin is composed of major layers, namely a superficial epidermis and a deeper dermis. The color of skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, which is produced by cells called melanocytes. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal. A number of more noticeable disorders, namely albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs. Vitiligo is associated with significant psycho-social morbidity and a major effect on quality of life. Topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy and surgery are the most common treatments for melanoma. However, there are many patients who do not respond to any of these modalities. The transplantation of cultured or non-cultured melanocyte is the most important treatment for hypopigmentory disorders. This study aims at reviewing the history of melanocyte cultivation, and evaluating the effectiveness of transplantation of cultured cells. For this purpose, the authors examined the initial process of isolation, characterization, and transplantation of epidermal cells. This review, thus, summarizes the current understanding of the cutaneous pigmentary system from the start of synthesis in the pigment cells, along with the response of repigmentation. During the production of melanin, melanosomes are transferred to neighboring keratinocyte in order to form perinuclear melanin caps. The objective of this review is to analyze the melanocytes transplantation in the last century to date, and explore the methods epidermal cells can increase pigmentation in hypo-pigmented areas in skin disorders. Moreover, the focus is on the story of the melanocyte back to 1950s. In addition, prior systemic therapy was associated with a significant increase, based on combined additional therapy, achieving desired results and improved outcomes. Despite the short study of a long way of melanocyte assessment and following up patient treatment, results of the all reports confirmed the efficacy of the method used in the treatment of stable vitiligo patients, who did not respond to the common algorithms of non-invasive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Shahbazi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Enghelab Street, PO Box: 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Zargar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Enghelab Street, PO Box: 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Aghdami
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Habibi
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Madkour FA, Abdellatif AM, Osman YA, Kandyel RM. Histological and ultrastructural characterization of the dorso-ventral skin of the juvenile and the adult starry puffer fish (Arothron stellatus, Anonymous 1798). BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:221. [PMID: 37875870 PMCID: PMC10598996 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The starry puffer fish (Arothron stellatus, Anonymous, 1798) is a poisonous tetradontidae fish inhabiting the Red sea. The skin constitutes an important defense against any external effects. The study aims to characterize the dorso-ventral skin of the juvenile and the adult starry puffer fish using light and scanning electron microscopies. Twenty specimens of juvenile and adult fresh fishes were used. RESULTS The scanning electron microarchitecture of the skin of the juvenile and adult fish showed delicate irregular-shaped protrusions, and well-defined bricks-like elevations on the dorsal side and interrupted folds as well as irregular-shaped protrusions on the ventral side. In adult fish, the patterned microridges of the superficial and deep epithelial cells (keratinocytes) were larger and well-defined in the dorsal skin than in the ventral side, the contrary was seen in the juvenile fish. The microridges were arranged in a fingerprint or honeycomb patterns. The openings of the mucous cells were more numerous in the dorsal skin in both age stages but more noticeable in adult. Furthermore, the sensory cells were more dominant in the juveniles than the adults. The odontic spines were only seen in adult. Histologically, few taste buds were observed in the epidermis of the dorsal skin surface of the adult fish. Both mucous and club cells were embedded in the epidermis of the juvenile and adult fish with different shapes and sizes. Melanophores were observed at the dorsal skin of both juvenile and adult fishes while fewer numbers were noticed at the ventral surfaces. Several dermal bony plates with different shapes and sizes were demonstrated in the skin of both adult and juvenile fishes. CONCLUSION The structural variations of skin of the juvenile and adult fishes may reflect the various environmental difficulties that they confront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A Madkour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Abdellatif
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Yassein A Osman
- Department of Fisheries, Fish Population Dynamic Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt
| | - Ramadan M Kandyel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Epidermal modifications in a hill stream catfish, Hara hara in relation to its natural habitat: A scanning electron microscope and histochemical investigation. J Morphol 2023; 284:e21615. [PMID: 37458088 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the epidermis of the hill stream fish Hara hara has been investigated employing scanning electron microscope, histology, histochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. The epidermis is characteristically differentiated into plaques separated from each other by deep furrows. In plaques, the epidermis is keratinized. In contrast, in furrows, it is mucogenic. Surface epithelial cells in plaques get modified into characteristic spine-like unculi. At the distal ends of these unculi, we find tree-like branched dendritic structures. The keratinized epithelial cells in plaques together with unculi frequently exfoliate at the surface. The epidermis in furrows is equipped with secretory glandular cells, that is, mucous goblet cells, sacciform cells and club cells; and sensory structures, that is, the taste buds. These glandular cells are involved in the elaboration of different types of carbohydrate and protein moieties. Further, in the epidermis of both, plaques and furrows, melanophores are frequently interspersed between the epithelial cells. In the plaque epidermis, in addition to melanophores, melanin granules are observed in epithelial cells undergoing keratinization as well as in those sloughing at the surface. Sloughing of keratinized epithelial cells together with spine-like unculi at the surface of the plaques; the secretions of the glandular cells, the distribution of melanophore and the taste buds interspersed between the epithelial cells and the presence of melanin granules in the keratinized epithelial cells have been associated with different functional roles. These include hydrodynamic advantage, protection from mechanical stress, pathogens, UV radiation, localization of food accurately and so on in relation to the natural habitat of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Kumari
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay K Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Wang H, Guo H, Yuan B, Zhang J. Transcriptome sequencing of black and white hair follicles in the giant panda. Integr Zool 2022; 18:552-568. [PMID: 35500067 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the completion of the draft assembly of the giant panda genome sequence, RNA sequencing technology has been widely used in genetic research on giant pandas. We used RNA-seq to examine black and white hair follicle samples from adult pandas. By comparison with the giant panda genome, 75 963 SNP loci were labeled, 2 426 differentially expressed genes were identified, and 2 029 new genes were discovered, among which 631 were functionally annotated. A cluster analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that they were mainly related to the Wnt signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, the p53 signaling pathway and ribosome processing. The enrichment results showed that there were significant differences in the regulatory networks of hair follicles with different colors during the transitional stage of hair follicle resting growth, which may play a regulatory role in melanin synthesis during growth. In conclusion, our results provide new insights and more data support for research on the color formation in giant pandas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingmin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haoqi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haixiang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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7
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Lakhanova K, Kedelbaev B, Yeleugaliyeva N, Korazbekova K. Study of melanin distribution in the hair cells of Karakul lambs of different colours. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Guo S, Zhang Q. Paeonol protects melanocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:861-869. [PMID: 33491230 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Paeonol, a phenolic compound found in the root bark of Cortex Moutan, has been suggested to have therapeutic effects on various diseases through nuclear factor Nrf2 mediated antioxidant pathways. However, the therapeutic effects of paeonol on vitiligo have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated whether paeonol could protect melanocytes against oxidative stress through Nrf2 activation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was used to mimic the oxidative stress. PIG1 cells were pretreated with paeonol for 24 h, and then were treated with H2 O2 for 24 h. To detect the role of Nrf2, siRNA method was used to knockdown the Nrf2 expression. After that, cell viability, melanin content, tyrosinase activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes activities, nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and mRNA expression of Nrf2 downstream antioxidant genes were detected. Paeonol improved cell viability and melanogenesis in PIG1 cells treated with H2 O2 . Paeonol also alleviated oxidative stress by restoring the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Paeonol promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the expression of its downstream-regulated antioxidative genes under oxidative stress. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown by siRNA abolished the protective effects of paeonol on PIG1 cells against oxidative damage. Paeonol protected melanocytes against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress by Nrf2 mediated antioxidant pathways. Paeonol is a potential therapeutic drug for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Dermatological Department, Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Dermatological Department, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
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9
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Isogawa K, Asano M, Hayazaki M, Koga K, Watanabe M, Suzuki K, Kobayashi T, Kawaguchi K, Ishizuka A, Kato S, Ito H, Hamamoto A, Koyama H, Furuta K, Takemori H. Thioxothiazolidin derivative, 4-OST, inhibits melanogenesis by enhancing the specific recruitment of tyrosinase-containing vesicles to lysosome. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:667-678. [PMID: 33480093 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in melanin synthesis. Melanin is synthesized from l-tyrosin in the melanosomes, where tyrosinase and other melanogenic factors are recruited via the vesicle transport system. Genetic and biochemical approaches have revealed a correlation between impairments in the vesicle transport system and albinism. However, the specificity of the individual transport systems for the corresponding melanogenic factors has not been well elucidated yet. Here, we report that the thioxothiazolidin derivative, 4-OST (4-[(5E)-5-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-4-azatricyclo [5.2.1.02 ,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione: CAS RN. 477766-87-3) strongly inhibited melanogenesis in mouse melanoma B16F10 cells. 4-OST reduces tyrosinase protein levels without affecting its messenger RNA levels or enzymatic activity. Although a reduction in tyrosinase protein level was observed in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor, the reduction may be coupled with protein synthesis. Similarly, GIF-2202 (a derivative of 4-OST) lowers tyrosinase protein levels without affecting the levels of another melanogenic enzyme, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) level. The reduction in tyrosinase protein level is associated with an increase in the levels of the lysosomal proteinase cathepsin S. Chloroquine, a lysosome inhibitor, restored the tyrosinase protein level downregulated by GIF-2202, although no effects of other inhibitors (against proteasome, autophagy, or exocytosis) were observed. In addition, GIF-2202 segregated the immunofluorescence signals of tyrosinase from those of TYRP1. Chloroquine treatment resulted in co-localization of tyrosinase and cathepsin S signals near the perinuclear region, suggesting that 4-OST and GIF-2202 may alter the destination of the tyrosinase vesicle from the melanosome to the lysosome. 4-OST and GIF-2202 can be new tools for studying the tyrosinase-specific vesicle transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Isogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masataka Asano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masumi Hayazaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Koga
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Miyu Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kyoka Kawaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akane Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinya Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hironari Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akie Hamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kyoji Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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10
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Juhl AD, Lund FW, Jensen MLV, Szomek M, Heegaard CW, Guttmann P, Werner S, McNally J, Schneider G, Kapishnikov S, Wüstner D. Niemann Pick C2 protein enables cholesterol transfer from endo-lysosomes to the plasma membrane for efflux by shedding of extracellular vesicles. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105047. [PMID: 33422548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Niemann-Pick C2 protein (NPC2) is a sterol transfer protein in the lumen of late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/LYSs). Absence of functional NPC2 leads to endo-lysosomal buildup of cholesterol and other lipids. How NPC2's known capacity to transport cholesterol between model membranes is linked to its function in living cells is not known. Using quantitative live-cell imaging combined with modeling of the efflux kinetics, we show that NPC2-deficient human fibroblasts can export the cholesterol analog dehydroergosterol (DHE) from LE/LYSs. Internalized NPC2 accelerated sterol efflux extensively, accompanied by reallocation of LE/LYSs containing fluorescent NPC2 and DHE to the cell periphery. Using quantitative fluorescence loss in photobleaching of TopFluor-cholesterol (TF-Chol), we estimate a residence time for a rapidly exchanging sterol pool in LE/LYSs localized in close proximity to the plasma membrane (PM), of less than one min and observed non-vesicular sterol exchange between LE/LYSs and the PM. Excess sterol was released from the PM by shedding of cholesterol-rich vesicles. The ultrastructure of such vesicles was analyzed by combined fluorescence and cryo soft X-ray tomography (SXT), revealing that they can contain lysosomal cargo and intraluminal vesicles. Treating cells with apoprotein A1 and with nuclear receptor liver X-receptor (LXR) agonists to upregulate expression of ABC transporters enhanced cholesterol efflux from the PM, at least partly by accelerating vesicle release. We conclude that NPC2 inside LE/LYSs facilitates non-vesicular sterol exchange with the PM for subsequent sterol efflux to acceptor proteins and for shedding of sterol-rich vesicles from the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dupont Juhl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Frederik W Lund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Maria Louise V Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Maria Szomek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Christian W Heegaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Guttmann
- Department X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Werner
- Department X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - James McNally
- Department X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Schneider
- Department X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey Kapishnikov
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.
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11
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Abstract
Melanin pigments are responsible for human skin and hair color, and they protect the body from harmful ultraviolet light. The black and brown melanin pigments are synthesized in specialized lysosome-related organelles called melanosomes in melanocytes. Mature melanosomes are transported within melanocytes and transferred to adjacent keratinocytes, which constitute the principal part of human skin. The melanosomes are then deposited inside the keratinocytes and darken the skin (a process called tanning). Owing to their dark color, melanosomes can be seen easily with an ordinary light microscope, and melanosome research dates back approximately 150 years; since then, biochemical studies aimed at isolating and purifying melanosomes have been conducted. Moreover, in the last two decades, hundreds of molecules involved in regulating melanosomal functions have been identified by analyses of the genes of coat-color mutant animals and patients with genetic diseases characterized by pigment abnormalities, such as hypopigmentation. In recent years, dynamic analyses by more precise microscopic observations have revealed specific functions of a variety of molecules involved in melanogenesis. This review article focuses on the latest findings with regard to the steps (or mechanisms) involved in melanosome formation and transport of mature melanosomes within epidermal melanocytes. Finally, we will touch on current topics in melanosome research, particularly on the "melanosome transfer" and "post-transfer" steps, and discuss future directions in pigment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Ohbayashi
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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