1
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Calvillo-Robledo A, Samson-Soleil, Marichal-Cancino BA, Medina-Pizaño MY, Ibarra-Martínez D, Ventura-Juárez J, Muñoz-Ortega M. Rapid liver self-recovery: A challenge for rat models of tissue damage. Life Sci 2024:122975. [PMID: 39142508 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Animal models, mainly murine, stay as a fundamental resource in diverse research pursuits, notably contributing to significant strides in discovering novel treatments for therapeutic applications. Preclinical assays must consider the existence of self-recovery mechanisms in the murine species to achieve a well-designed control group. This study focuses on unveiling the innate rapid regenerative capacity of rat liver by utilizing the thioacetamide-induced sub-chronic liver injury model. Employing histopathological, biochemical, and molecular liver function tests, we assessed the recovery of liver tissue functionality. Moreover, animals were housed with voluntary running wheels and locomotory activity was recorded and employed as an indirect index of overall animal recuperation. Remarkably, basal locomotory activity reestablished to normal levels only two weeks post-thioacetamide exposure. Our results raise vital considerations about the importance of temporal synchronicity in comparative assays to validate the real action of treatments, emphasizing the role of the rapid rat liver endogenous self-recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argelia Calvillo-Robledo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Samson-Soleil
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - David Ibarra-Martínez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Martin Muñoz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
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2
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Jimenez-Guri E, Paganos P, La Vecchia C, Annona G, Caccavale F, Molina MD, Ferrández-Roldán A, Donnellan RD, Salatiello F, Johnstone A, Eliso MC, Spagnuolo A, Cañestro C, Albalat R, Martín-Durán JM, Williams EA, D'Aniello E, Arnone MI. Developmental toxicity of pre-production plastic pellets affects a large swathe of invertebrate taxa. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141887. [PMID: 38583530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics pose risks to marine organisms through ingestion, entanglement, and as carriers of toxic additives and environmental pollutants. Plastic pre-production pellet leachates have been shown to affect the development of sea urchins and, to some extent, mussels. The extent of those developmental effects on other animal phyla remains unknown. Here, we test the toxicity of environmental mixed nurdle samples and new PVC pellets for the embryonic development or asexual reproduction by regeneration of animals from all the major animal superphyla (Lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa, Deuterostomia and Cnidaria). Our results show diverse, concentration-dependent impacts in all the species sampled for new pellets, and for molluscs and deuterostomes for environmental samples. Embryo axial formation, cell specification and, specially, morphogenesis seem to be the main processes affected by plastic leachate exposure. Our study serves as a proof of principle for the potentially catastrophic effects that increasing plastic concentrations in the oceans and other ecosystems can have across animal populations from all major animal superphyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jimenez-Guri
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy; Center for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK.
| | - Periklis Paganos
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia La Vecchia
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annona
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caccavale
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Dolores Molina
- Department of Genetica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alfonso Ferrández-Roldán
- Department of Genetica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Rory Daniel Donnellan
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Salatiello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Adam Johnstone
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Concetta Eliso
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristian Cañestro
- Department of Genetica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ricard Albalat
- Department of Genetica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - José María Martín-Durán
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Williams
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico D'Aniello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ina Arnone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
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3
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Ascanelli C, Dahir R, Wilson CH. Manipulating Myc for reparative regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1357589. [PMID: 38577503 PMCID: PMC10991803 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1357589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Myc family of proto-oncogenes is a key node for the signal transduction of external pro-proliferative signals to the cellular processes required for development, tissue homoeostasis maintenance, and regeneration across evolution. The tight regulation of Myc synthesis and activity is essential for restricting its oncogenic potential. In this review, we highlight the central role that Myc plays in regeneration across the animal kingdom (from Cnidaria to echinoderms to Chordata) and how Myc could be employed to unlock the regenerative potential of non-regenerative tissues in humans for therapeutic purposes. Mastering the fine balance of harnessing the ability of Myc to promote transcription without triggering oncogenesis may open the door to many exciting opportunities for therapeutic development across a wide array of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine H. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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4
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Verma SK, Nandi A, Sinha A, Patel P, Mohanty S, Jha E, Jena S, Kumari P, Ghosh A, Jerman I, Chouhan RS, Dutt A, Samal SK, Mishra YK, Varma RS, Panda PK, Kaushik NK, Singh D, Suar M. The posterity of Zebrafish in paradigm of in vivo molecular toxicological profiling. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116160. [PMID: 38237351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The aggrandised advancement in utility of advanced day-to-day materials and nanomaterials has raised serious concern on their biocompatibility with human and other biotic members. In last few decades, understanding of toxicity of these materials has been given the centre stage of research using many in vitro and in vivo models. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater fish and a member of the minnow family has garnered much attention due to its distinct features, which make it an important and frequently used animal model in various fields of embryology and toxicological studies. Given that fertilization and development of zebrafish eggs take place externally, they serve as an excellent model organism for studying early developmental stages. Moreover, zebrafish possess a comparable genetic composition to humans and share almost 70% of their genes with mammals. This particular model organism has become increasingly popular, especially for developmental research. Moreover, it serves as a link between in vitro studies and in vivo analysis in mammals. It is an appealing choice for vertebrate research, when employing high-throughput methods, due to their small size, swift development, and relatively affordable laboratory setup. This small vertebrate has enhanced comprehension of pathobiology and drug toxicity. This review emphasizes on the recent developments in toxicity screening and assays, and the new insights gained about the toxicity of drugs through these assays. Specifically, the cardio, neural, and, hepatic toxicology studies inferred by applications of nanoparticles have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Aditya Nandi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Ealisha Jha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Snehasmita Jena
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Puja Kumari
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Aishee Ghosh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Shailesh Kumar Samal
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Deobrat Singh
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
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5
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Mehta AS, Teymoori S, Recendez C, Fregoso D, Gallegos A, Yang HY, Aslankoohi E, Rolandi M, Isseroff RR, Zhao M, Gomez M. Quantifying innervation facilitated by deep learning in wound healing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16885. [PMID: 37803028 PMCID: PMC10558471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nerves (PNs) innervate the dermis and epidermis, and are suggested to play an important role in wound healing. Several methods to quantify skin innervation during wound healing have been reported. Those usually require multiple observers, are complex and labor-intensive, and the noise/background associated with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) images could cause quantification errors/user bias. In this study, we employed the state-of-the-art deep neural network, Denoising Convolutional Neural Network (DnCNN), to perform pre-processing and effectively reduce the noise in the IHC images. Additionally, we utilized an automated image analysis tool, assisted by Matlab, to accurately determine the extent of skin innervation during various stages of wound healing. The 8 mm wound is generated using a circular biopsy punch in the wild-type mouse. Skin samples were collected on days 3, 7, 10 and 15, and sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were stained against pan-neuronal marker- protein-gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) antibody. On day 3 and day 7, negligible nerve fibers were present throughout the wound with few only on the lateral boundaries of the wound. On day 10, a slight increase in nerve fiber density appeared, which significantly increased on day 15. Importantly, we found a positive correlation (R2 = 0.926) between nerve fiber density and re-epithelization, suggesting an association between re-innervation and re-epithelization. These results established a quantitative time course of re-innervation in wound healing, and the automated image analysis method offers a novel and useful tool to facilitate the quantification of innervation in the skin and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abijeet Singh Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Sam Teymoori
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Cynthia Recendez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daniel Fregoso
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Anthony Gallegos
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hsin-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | | | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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6
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Bergamini G, Sacchi S, Ferri A, Franchi N, Montanari M, Ahmad M, Losi C, Nasi M, Cocchi M, Malagoli D. Clodronate Liposome-Mediated Phagocytic Hemocyte Depletion Affects the Regeneration of the Cephalic Tentacle of the Invasive Snail, Pomacea canaliculata. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:992. [PMID: 37508422 PMCID: PMC10376890 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
After amputation, granular hemocytes infiltrate the blastema of regenerating cephalic tentacles of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. Here, the circulating phagocytic hemocytes were chemically depleted by injecting the snails with clodronate liposomes, and the effects on the cephalic tentacle regeneration onset and on Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-transglutaminase (Pc-TG) and Pc-Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 (Pc-AIF-1) gene expressions were investigated. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that clodronate liposomes targeted large circulating hemocytes, resulting in a transient decrease in their number. Corresponding with the phagocyte depletion, tentacle regeneration onset was halted, and it resumed at the expected pace when clodronate liposome effects were no longer visible. In addition to the regeneration progress, the expressions of Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-TG, and Pc-AIF-1, which are markers of hemocyte-mediated functions like oxygen transport and immunity, clotting, and inflammation, were modified. After the injection of clodronate liposomes, a specific computer-assisted image analysis protocol still evidenced the presence of granular hemocytes in the tentacle blastema. This is consistent with reports indicating the large and agranular hemocyte population as the most represented among the professional phagocytes of P. canaliculata and with the hypothesis that different hemocyte morphologies could exert diverse biological functions, as it has been observed in other invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bergamini
- Department Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Zoological Station "Anton Dohrn", 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Sacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anita Ferri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Franchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Montanari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Mohamad Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- LASIRE, Université de Lille, Cité Scientifique, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Chiara Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marina Cocchi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Malagoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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7
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Mehta AS, Teymoori S, Recendez C, Fregoso D, Gallegos A, Yang HY, Isseroff R, Zhao M, Gomez M, Aslankoohi E, Rolandi M. Quantifying innervation facilitated by deep learning in wound healing. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3088471. [PMID: 37461461 PMCID: PMC10350234 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3088471/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral nerves (PNs) innervate the dermis and epidermis, which have been suggested to play an important role in wound healing. Several methods to quantify skin innervation during wound healing have been reported. Those usually require multiple observers, are complex and labor-intensive, and noise/background associated with the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) images could cause quantification errors/user bias. In this study, we employed the state-of-the-art deep neural network, DnCNN, to perform pre-processing and effectively reduce the noise in the IHC images. Additionally, we utilized an automated image analysis tool, assisted by Matlab, to accurately determine the extent of skin innervation during various stages of wound healing. The 8mm wound is generated using a circular biopsy punch in the wild-type mouse. Skin samples were collected on days 3,7,10 and 15, and sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were stained against pan-neuronal marker- protein-gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) antibody. On day 3 and day 7, negligible nerve fibers were present throughout the wound with few only on the lateral boundaries of the wound. On day 10, a slight increase in nerve fiber density appeared, which significantly increased on day 15. Importantly we found a positive correlation (R 2 = 0.933) between nerve fiber density and re-epithelization, suggesting an association between re-innervation and re-epithelization. These results established a quantitative time course of re-innervation in wound healing, and the automated image analysis method offers a novel and useful tool to facilitate the quantification of innervation in the skin and other tissues.
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8
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Mehta AS, Teymoori S, Recendez C, Fregoso D, Gallegos A, Yang HY, Isseroff RR, Zhao M, Gomez M. Quantifying innervation facilitated by deep learning in wound healing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544960. [PMID: 37398108 PMCID: PMC10312705 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral nerves (PNs) innervate the dermis and epidermis, which have been suggested to play an important role in wound healing. Several methods to quantify skin innervation during wound healing have been reported. Those usually require multiple observers, are complex and labor-intensive, and noise/background associated with the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) images could cause quantification errors/user bias. In this study, we employed the state-of-the-art deep neural network, DnCNN, to perform pre-processing and effectively reduce the noise in the IHC images. Additionally, we utilized an automated image analysis tool, assisted by Matlab, to accurately determine the extent of skin innervation during various stages of wound healing. The 8mm wound is generated using a circular biopsy punch in the wild-type mouse. Skin samples were collected on days 3,7,10 and 15, and sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were stained against pan-neuronal marker- protein-gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) antibody. On day 3 and day 7, negligible nerve fibers were present throughout the wound with few only on the lateral boundaries of the wound. On day 10, a slight increase in nerve fiber density appeared, which significantly increased on day 15. Importantly we found a positive correlation (R- 2 = 0.933) between nerve fiber density and re-epithelization, suggesting an association between re-innervation and re-epithelization. These results established a quantitative time course of re-innervation in wound healing, and the automated image analysis method offers a novel and useful tool to facilitate the quantification of innervation in the skin and other tissues.
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9
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De Sio F, Imperadore P. Deciphering regeneration through non-model animals: A century of experiments on cephalopod mollusks and an outlook at the future. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1072382. [PMID: 36699008 PMCID: PMC9868252 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1072382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of marine stations in the last quarter of the 19th Century has given biologists the possibility of observing and experimenting upon myriad marine organisms. Among them, cephalopod mollusks have attracted great attention from the onset, thanks to their remarkable adaptability to captivity and a great number of biologically unique features including a sophisticate behavioral repertoire, remarkable body patterning capacities under direct neural control and the complexity of nervous system rivalling vertebrates. Surprisingly, the capacity to regenerate tissues and complex structures, such as appendages, albeit been known for centuries, has been understudied over the decades. Here, we will first review the limited in number, but fundamental studies on the subject published between 1920 and 1970 and discuss what they added to our knowledge of regeneration as a biological phenomenon. We will also speculate on how these relate to their epistemic and disciplinary context, setting the base for the study of regeneration in the taxon. We will then frame the peripherality of cephalopods in regeneration studies in relation with their experimental accessibility, and in comparison, with established models, either simpler (such as planarians), or more promising in terms of translation (urodeles). Last, we will explore the potential and growing relevance of cephalopods as prospective models of regeneration today, in the light of the novel opportunities provided by technological and methodological advances, to reconsider old problems and explore new ones. The recent development of cutting-edge technologies made available for cephalopods, like genome editing, is allowing for a number of important findings and opening the way toward new promising avenues. The contribution offered by cephalopods will increase our knowledge on regenerative mechanisms through cross-species comparison and will lead to a better understanding of the complex cellular and molecular machinery involved, shedding a light on the common pathways but also on the novel strategies different taxa evolved to promote regeneration of tissues and organs. Through the dialogue between biological/experimental and historical/contextual perspectives, this article will stimulate a discussion around the changing relations between availability of animal models and their specificity, technical and methodological developments and scientific trends in contemporary biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Sio
- Heinrich Heine Universität, Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Centre for Health and Society, Medizinische Fakultät, Düsseldorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Fabio De Sio, ; Pamela Imperadore, ,
| | - Pamela Imperadore
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy,Association for Cephalopod Research—CephRes, Napoli, Italy,*Correspondence: Fabio De Sio, ; Pamela Imperadore, ,
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10
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Crucianelli C, Jaiswal J, Vijayakumar Maya A, Nogay L, Cosolo A, Grass I, Classen AK. Distinct signaling signatures drive compensatory proliferation via S-phase acceleration. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010516. [PMID: 36520882 PMCID: PMC9799308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration relies on cell proliferation to restore damaged tissues. Multiple signaling pathways activated by local or paracrine cues have been identified to promote regenerative proliferation. How different types of tissue damage may activate distinct signaling pathways and how these differences converge on regenerative proliferation is less well defined. To better understand how tissue damage and proliferative signals are integrated during regeneration, we investigate models of compensatory proliferation in Drosophila imaginal discs. We find that compensatory proliferation is associated with a unique cell cycle profile, which is characterized by short G1 and G2 phases and, surprisingly, by acceleration of the S-phase. S-phase acceleration can be induced by two distinct signaling signatures, aligning with inflammatory and non-inflammatory tissue damage. Specifically, non-autonomous activation of JAK/STAT and Myc in response to inflammatory damage, or local activation of Ras/ERK and Hippo/Yki in response to elevated cell death, promote accelerated nucleotide incorporation during S-phase. This previously unappreciated convergence of different damaging insults on the same regenerative cell cycle program reconciles previous conflicting observations on proliferative signaling in different tissue regeneration and tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Crucianelli
- Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janhvi Jaiswal
- Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ananthakrishnan Vijayakumar Maya
- Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics, and Metabolism, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Liyne Nogay
- Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics, and Metabolism, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Cosolo
- Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Grass
- Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Classen
- Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Stemness Activity Underlying Whole Brain Regeneration in a Basal Chordate. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233727. [PMID: 36496987 PMCID: PMC9738451 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how neurons regenerate following injury remains a central challenge in regenerative medicine. Adult mammals have a very limited ability to regenerate new neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, the basal chordate Polycarpa mytiligera can regenerate its entire CNS within seven days of complete removal. Transcriptome sequencing, cellular labeling, and proliferation in vivo essays revealed that CNS regeneration is mediated by a newly formed neural progeny and the activation of neurodevelopmental pathways that are associated with enhanced stem-cell activity. Analyzing the expression of 239 activated pathways enabled a quantitative understanding of gene-set enrichment patterns at key regeneration stages. The molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling the regenerative ability that this study reveals can be used to develop innovative approaches to enhancing neurogenesis in closely-related chordate species, including humans.
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12
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Harris RE. Regeneration enhancers: a field in development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1548-C1554. [PMID: 36252130 PMCID: PMC9829460 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00403.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to regenerate tissues and organs following damage is not equally distributed across metazoans, and even highly related species can vary considerably in their regenerative capacity. Studies of animals with high regenerative potential have shown that factors expressed during normal development are often reactivated upon damage and required for successful regeneration. As such, regenerative potential may not be dictated by the presence or absence of the necessary genes, but whether such genes are appropriately activated following injury. The identification of damage-responsive enhancers that regulate regenerative gene expression in multiple species and tissues provides possible mechanistic insight into this phenomenon. Enhancers that are reused from developmental programs, and those that are potentially unique to regeneration, have been characterized individually and at a genome-wide scale. A better understanding of the regulatory events that, direct and in some cases limit, regenerative capacity is an important step in developing new methods to manipulate and augment regeneration, particularly in tissues that do not have this ability, including those of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Harris
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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13
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Wang Q, Mao Z, Liu Z, Xu M, Huang S, Wang Y, Xu Y, Qi L, Liu M, Liu Y. Akt/mTOR integrate energy metabolism with Wnt signal to influence wound epithelium growth in Gekko Japonicus. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1018. [PMID: 36167813 PMCID: PMC9515156 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of wound epithelium initiates regeneration of amputated tail in Gekko japonicus. Energy metabolism is indispensable for the growth of living creatures and typically influenced by temperature. In this study, we reveal that low temperature lowers energy metabolism level and inhibits the regeneration of amputated tails of Gekko japonicus. We further find that low temperature attenuates the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in regenerated tissues upon injury signals, and the inhibition of Akt hinders proliferation of the wound epithelium. Additionally, wingless/integrated (Wnt) inhibition suppresses epithelium proliferation and formation by inhibiting Akt activation. Finally, low temperature elevates the activity of adenylate-activated kinase (AMPK) pathway and in turn attenuates wound epithelium formation. Meanwhile, either mTOR downregulation or AMPK upregulation is associated with worse wound epithelium formation. Summarily, low temperature restricts wound epithelium formation by influencing energy sensory pathways including Akt/mTOR and AMPK signaling, which is also modulated by injury induced Wnt signal. Our results provide a mechanism that incorporates the injury signals with metabolic pathway to facilitate regeneration. Low temperature inhibits the regeneration of amputated tails of Gekko japonicus by influencing the energy sensory Akt/mTOR pathway, which is also modulated by injury-induced Wnt signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.,Comparative Medicine Research Institution, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zuming Mao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Man Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yanran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Longju Qi
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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14
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Zebrafish: A Model to Study and Understand the Diabetic Nephropathy and Other Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070312. [PMID: 35878329 PMCID: PMC9323928 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications are a worldwide public health problem, affecting people from all developed and developing countries. Hyperglycemia can cause damage to the vascular system and dysfunction of organs, such as the kidneys, heart, retina of the eyes, and nerves. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe micro-vascular complications, which can lead to ESRD (end-stage renal disease). Zebrafish are ideal for wide-scale analysis or screening, due to their small size, quick growth, transparent embryos, vast number of offspring, and gene similarity with humans, which combine to make zebrafish an ideal model for diabetes. The readily available tools for gene editing using morpholinos or CRISPR/Cas9, as well as chemical/drug therapy by microinjection or skin absorption, enable zebrafish diabetes mellitus models to be established in a number of ways. In this review, we emphasize the physiological and pathological processes relating to micro-vascular problems in zebrafish, as well as the many experimental zebrafish models used to research DN, and the DN-related outcomes and mechanisms observed in zebrafish. This study specifies the benefits and drawbacks and future perspective of using zebrafish as a disease model. Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic illness that has had a worldwide impact and placed an unsustainable load on both developed and developing countries’ health care systems. According to the International Diabetes Federation, roughly 537 million individuals had diabetes in 2021, with type 2 diabetes mellitus accounting for the majority of cases (T2DM). T2DM is a chronic illness defined by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic islet cells. T2DM generates various micro and macrovascular problems, with diabetic nephropathy (DN) being one of the most serious microvascular consequences, and which can lead to end-stage renal disease. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has set the way for its future as a disease model organism. As numerous essential developmental processes, such as glucose metabolism and reactive metabolite production pathways, have been identified in zebrafish that are comparable to those seen in humans, it is a good model for studying diabetes and its consequences. It also has many benefits over other vertebrate models, including the permeability of its embryos to small compounds, disease-driven therapeutic target selection, in vivo validation, and deconstruction of biological networks. The organism can also be utilized to investigate and understand the genetic abnormalities linked to the onset of diabetes problems. Zebrafish may be used to examine and visualize the growth, morphology, and function of organs under normal physiological and diabetic settings. The zebrafish has become one of the most useful models for studying DN, especially when combined with genetic alterations and/or mutant or transgenic fish lines. The significant advancements of CRISPR and next-generation sequencing technology for disease modelling in zebrafish, as well as developments in molecular and nano technologies, have advanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of several human diseases, including DN. In this review, we emphasize the physiological and pathological processes relating to microvascular problems in zebrafish, as well as the many experimental zebrafish models used to research DN, and the DN-related outcomes and mechanisms observed in zebrafish.
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15
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Guo B, Qi M, Huang S, Zhuo R, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Xu M, Liu M, Guan T, Liu Y. Cadherin-12 Regulates Neurite Outgrowth Through the PKA/Rac1/Cdc42 Pathway in Cortical Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:768970. [PMID: 34820384 PMCID: PMC8606577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.768970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins play an important role in tissue homeostasis, as they are responsible for cell-cell adhesion during embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, and differentiation. In this study, we identified Cadherin-12 (CDH12), which encodes a type II classical cadherin, as a gene that promotes neurite outgrowth in an in vitro model of neurons with differentiated intrinsic growth ability. First, the effects of CDH12 on neurons were evaluated via RNA interference, and the results indicated that the knockdown of CDH12 expression restrained the axon extension of E18 neurons. The transcriptome profile of neurons with or without siCDH12 treatment revealed a set of pathways positively correlated with the effect of CDH12 on neurite outgrowth. We further revealed that CDH12 affected Rac1/Cdc42 phosphorylation in a PKA-dependent manner after testing using H-89 and 8-Bromo-cAMP sodium salt. Moreover, we investigated the expression of CDH12 in the brain, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during development using immunofluorescence staining. After that, we explored the effects of CDH12 on neurite outgrowth in vivo. A zebrafish model of CDH12 knockdown was established using the NgAgo-gDNA system, and the vital role of CDH12 in peripheral neurogenesis was determined. In summary, our study is the first to report the effect of CDH12 on axonal extension in vitro and in vivo, and we provide a preliminary explanation for this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mengwei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Run Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Man Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tuchen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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16
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Mehta AS, Deshpande P, Chimata AV, Tsonis PA, Singh A. Newt regeneration genes regulate Wingless signaling to restore patterning in Drosophila eye. iScience 2021; 24:103166. [PMID: 34746690 PMCID: PMC8551474 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newts utilize their unique genes to restore missing parts by strategic regulation of conserved signaling pathways. Lack of genetic tools poses challenges to determine the function of such genes. Therefore, we used the Drosophila eye model to demonstrate the potential of 5 unique newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) gene(s), viropana1-viropana5 (vna1-vna5), which were ectopically expressed in L 2 mutant and GMR-hid, GMR-GAL4 eye. L 2 exhibits the loss of ventral half of early eye and head involution defective (hid) triggers cell-death during later eye development. Surprisingly, newt genes significantly restore missing photoreceptor cells both in L 2 and GMR>hid background by upregulating cell-proliferation and blocking cell-death, regulating evolutionarily conserved Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway and exhibit non-cell-autonomous rescues. Further, Wg/Wnt signaling acts downstream of newt genes. Our data highlights that unique newt proteins can regulate conserved pathways to trigger a robust restoration of missing photoreceptor cells in Drosophila eye model with weak restoration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, USA
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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17
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Ribeiro AO, de Oliveira AC, Costa JM, Nachtigall PG, Herkenhoff ME, Campos VF, Delella FK, Pinhal D. MicroRNA roles in regeneration: Multiple lessons from zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:556-576. [PMID: 34547148 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs with pivotal roles in the control of gene expression. By comparing the miRNA profiles of uninjured vs. regenerating tissues and structures, several studies have found that miRNAs are potentially involved in the regenerative process. By inducing miRNA overexpression or inhibition, elegant experiments have directed regenerative responses validating relevant miRNA-to-target interactions. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been the epicenter of regenerative research because of its exceptional capability to self-repair damaged tissues and body structures. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries that have improved our understanding of the impact of gene regulation mediated by miRNAs in the context of the regeneration of fins, heart, retina, and nervous tissue in zebrafish. We compiled what is known about the miRNA control of regeneration in these tissues and investigated the links among up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs, their putative or validated targets, and the regenerative process. Finally, we briefly discuss the forthcoming prospects, highlighting directions and the potential for further development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório Genômica e Evolução Molecular (LGEM), Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Casulli de Oliveira
- Laboratório Genômica e Evolução Molecular (LGEM), Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mara Costa
- Laboratório Genômica e Evolução Molecular (LGEM), Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Gabriel Nachtigall
- Laboratório Genômica e Evolução Molecular (LGEM), Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório Especial de Toxicologia Aplicada (LETA), CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff
- Laboratório Genômica e Evolução Molecular (LGEM), Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia Karina Delella
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Danillo Pinhal
- Laboratório Genômica e Evolução Molecular (LGEM), Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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18
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Sahu R, Sahu SK, Nishank SS. de novo transcriptome profile of two earthworms Lampito mauritii and Drawida calebi during regeneration. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101092. [PMID: 34409173 PMCID: PMC8361223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworms have remarkable ability to regenerate its tail and head region. However the list of genes expressed in this regeneration process has been less explored baring a few species. The current study involves the de novo transcriptome sequencing of intact tail and regenerating tail (15 day post amputation) of earthworms belonging to two different genera Lampito mauritii (Kinberg, 1867) and Drawida calebi (Gates, 1945). This study contains one de-novo and one reference based transcriptome analysis each from one genus of two earthworm genera. From a total of 119.92 million (150 × 2) reads, 112.95 million high quality adapter free reads were utilized in analysis. Assembly of high-quality reads was performed separately for Lampito mauritii (LM sample) and Drawida calebi (DC sample) that resulted in 66368 and 1,61,289 transcripts respectively. About 25.21% of transcripts were functionally annotated for DC sample and 38.27% for LM samples against Annelida sequences. A total of 239 genes were expressed exclusively in regenerated tissue compared to intact sample in DC whereas about 241 genes were exclusively expressed in regenerated tissue of LM compared to its intact sample. Majority of genes in Drawida and Lampito were dedicated to immune response, maintenance of cytoskeleton, resisting oxidative stress and promoting neuronal regeneration for cell-cell communication during tail regeneration. Upregulation of genes such as beta catenin, Sox, notch, FGF, frizzled. Similarity with annelid worm Capitella telesta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Sahu
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjat Kumar Sahu
- Dept. of Environment Science, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, 768019, Odisha, India
| | - Sudhansu Sekhar Nishank
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India
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19
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Gordon T, Upadhyay AK, Manni L, Huchon D, Shenkar N. And Then There Were Three…: Extreme Regeneration Ability of the Solitary Chordate Polycarpa mytiligera. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652466. [PMID: 33937252 PMCID: PMC8083962 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive regenerative ability is a common trait of animals capable of asexual development. The current study reveals the extraordinary regeneration abilities of the solitary ascidian Polycarpa mytiligera. Dissection of a single individual into separate fragments along two body axes resulted in the complete regeneration of each fragment into an independent, functional individual. The ability of a solitary ascidian, incapable of asexual development, to achieve bidirectional regeneration and fully regenerate all body structures and organs is described here for the first time. Amputation initiated cell proliferation in proximity to the amputation line. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the close affinity of P. mytiligera to colonial species. This evolutionary proximity suggests the ability for regeneration as an exaptation feature for colonial lifestyle. P. mytiligera’s exceptional regenerative abilities and phylogenetic position highlight its potential to serve as a new comparative system for studies seeking to uncover the evolution of regeneration and coloniality among the chordates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Gordon
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnav Kumar Upadhyay
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lucia Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Dorothée Huchon
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Shenkar
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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20
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Dong Z, Coates D. Bioactive Molecular Discovery Using Deer Antlers as a Model of Mammalian Regeneration. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2167-2181. [PMID: 33769828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to activate and regulate stem cells during wound healing and tissue regeneration is a promising field that is resulting in innovative approaches in the field of regenerative medicine. The regenerative capacity of invertebrates has been well documented; however, in mammals, stem cells that drive organ regeneration are rare. Deer antlers are the only known mammalian structure that can annually regenerate to produce a tissue containing dermis, blood vessels, nerves, cartilage, and bone. The neural crest derived stem cells that drive this process result in antlers growing at up to 2 cm/day. Deer antlers thus provide superior attributes compared to lower-order animal models, when investigating the regulation of stem cell-based regeneration. Antler stem cells can therefore be used as a model to investigate the bioactive molecules, biological processes, and pathways involved in the maintenance of a stem cell niche, and their activation and differentiation during organ formation. This review examines stem cell-based regeneration with a focus on deer antlers, a neural crest stem cell-based mammalian regenerative structure. It then discusses the omics technical platforms highlighting the proteomics approaches used for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell regulation in antler tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Dawn Coates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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21
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Elchaninov A, Sukhikh G, Fatkhudinov T. Evolution of Regeneration in Animals: A Tangled Story. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.621686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of regenerative capacity in multicellular animals represents one of the most complex and intriguing problems in biology. How could such a seemingly advantageous trait as self-repair become consistently attenuated by the evolution? This review article examines the concept of the origin and nature of regeneration, its connection with the processes of embryonic development and asexual reproduction, as well as with the mechanisms of tissue homeostasis. The article presents a variety of classical and modern hypotheses explaining different trends in the evolution of regenerative capacity which is not always beneficial for the individual and notably for the species. Mechanistically, these trends are driven by the evolution of signaling pathways and progressive restriction of differentiation plasticity with concomitant advances in adaptive immunity. Examples of phylogenetically enhanced regenerative capacity are considered as well, with appropriate evolutionary reasoning for the enhancement and discussion of its molecular mechanisms.
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22
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Luz BLP, Miller DJ, Kitahara MV. High regenerative capacity is a general feature within colonial dendrophylliid corals (Anthozoa, Scleractinia). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 336:281-292. [PMID: 33503321 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of cnidarians plays an essential role in the maintenance and restoration of coral reef ecosystems by allowing faster recovery from disturbances and more efficient small-scale dispersal. However, in the case of invasive species, this property may contribute to their dispersal and success in nonnative habitats. Given that four Indo-Pacific members of the coral genus Tubastraea have invaded the Atlantic, here we evaluated the ability of three of these species (Tubastraea coccinea, Tubastraea diaphana, and Tubastraea micranthus) to regenerate from fragments of undifferentiated coral tissue to fully functional polyps in response to differences in food supply and fragment size. For comparative purposes, another colonial dendrophylliid (Dendrophyllia sp.) was included in the analyses. All dendrophylliids displayed regenerative ability and high survival rates that were independent of whether or not food was supplied or fragment size. However, regeneration rates varied between species and were influenced by fragment size. Temporal expression of key genes of the regenerative process (Wnt and FGF) was profiled during whole-body regeneration of T. coccinea, suggesting a remarkable regenerative ability of T. coccinea that points to its potential use as a laboratory model for the investigation of regeneration in colonial calcified anthozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Louise Pereira Luz
- Coastal and Ocean Systems Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.,Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, Praia do Cabelo Gordo, São Sebastião, Brazil.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David John Miller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcelo Visentini Kitahara
- Coastal and Ocean Systems Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.,Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, Praia do Cabelo Gordo, São Sebastião, Brazil.,Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Massoz L, Dupont MA, Manfroid I. Zebra-Fishing for Regenerative Awakening in Mammals. Biomedicines 2021; 9:65. [PMID: 33445518 PMCID: PMC7827770 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is defined as the ability to regrow an organ or a tissue destroyed by degeneration or injury. Many human degenerative diseases and pathologies, currently incurable, could be cured if functional tissues or cells could be restored. Unfortunately, humans and more generally mammals have limited regenerative capabilities, capacities that are even further declining with age, contrary to simpler organisms. Initially thought to be lost during evolution, several studies have revealed that regenerative mechanisms are still present in mammals but are latent and thus they could be stimulated. To do so there is a pressing need to identify the fundamental mechanisms of regeneration in species able to efficiently regenerate. Thanks to its ability to regenerate most of its organs and tissues, the zebrafish has become a powerful model organism in regenerative biology and has recently engendered a number of studies attesting the validity of awakening the regenerative potential in mammals. In this review we highlight studies, particularly in the liver, pancreas, retina, heart, brain and spinal cord, which have identified conserved regenerative molecular events that proved to be beneficial to restore murine and even human cells and which helped clarify the real clinical translation potential of zebrafish research to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Manfroid
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (L.M.); (M.A.D.)
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24
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Gogia N, Chimata AV, Deshpande P, Singh A, Singh A. Hippo signaling: bridging the gap between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:643-652. [PMID: 33063715 PMCID: PMC8067938 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, regulation of organ size requires a balance between cell proliferation, growth and cell death. Dysregulation of these fundamental processes can cause a variety of diseases. Excessive cell proliferation results in cancer whereas excessive cell death results in neurodegenerative disorders. Many signaling pathways known-to-date have a role in growth regulation. Among them, evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway is unique as it controls both cell proliferation and cell death by a variety of mechanisms during organ sculpture and development. Neurodegeneration, a complex process of progressive death of neuronal population, results in fatal disorders with no available cure to date. During normal development, cell death is required for sculpting of an organ. However, aberrant cell death in neuronal cell population can result in neurodegenerative disorders. Hippo pathway has gathered major attention for its role in growth regulation and cancer, however, other functions like its role in neurodegeneration are also emerging rapidly. This review highlights the role of Hippo signaling in cell death and neurodegenerative diseases and provide the information on the chemical inhibitors employed to block Hippo pathway. Understanding Hippo mediated cell death mechanisms will aid in development of reliable and effective therapeutic strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gogia
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Aditi Singh
- Medical Candidate, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology; Premedical Program; Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND); The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH; Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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25
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Mehta AS, Ha P, Zhu K, Li S, Ting K, Soo C, Zhang X, Zhao M. Physiological electric fields induce directional migration of mammalian cranial neural crest cells. Dev Biol 2020; 471:97-105. [PMID: 33340512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During neurulation, cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) migrate long distances from the neural tube to their terminal site of differentiation. The pathway traveled by the CNCCs defines the blueprint for craniofacial construction, abnormalities of which contribute to three-quarters of human birth defects. Biophysical cues like naturally occurring electric fields (EFs) have been proposed to be one of the guiding mechanisms for CNCC migration from the neural tube to identified position in the branchial arches. Such endogenous EFs can be mimicked by applied EFs of physiological strength that has been reported to guide the migration of amphibian and avian neural crest cells (NCCs), namely galvanotaxis or electrotaxis. However, the behavior of mammalian NCCs in external EFs has not been reported. We show here that mammalian CNCCs migrate towards the anode in direct current (dc) EFs. Reversal of the field polarity reverses the directedness. The response threshold was below 30 mV/mm and the migration directedness and displacement speed increased with increase in field strength. Both CNCC line (O9-1) and primary mouse CNCCs show similar galvanotaxis behavior. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the mammalian CNCCs respond to physiological EFs by robust directional migration towards the anode in a voltage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abijeet Singh Mehta
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Suite 1630, Room 1617, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pin Ha
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Suite 1630, Room 1617, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - ShiYu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Suite 1630, Room 1617, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kang Ting
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Suite 1630, Room 1617, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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26
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Tare M, Chimata AV, Gogia N, Narwal S, Deshpande P, Singh A. An E3 ubiquitin ligase, cullin-4 regulates retinal differentiation in Drosophila eye. Genesis 2020; 58:e23395. [PMID: 32990387 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During organogenesis, cell proliferation is followed by the differentiation of specific cell types to form an organ. Any aberration in differentiation can result in developmental defects, which can result in a partial to a near-complete loss of an organ. We employ the Drosophila eye model to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the process of differentiation. In a forward genetic screen, we identified, cullin-4 (cul-4), which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to play an important role in retinal differentiation. During development, cul-4 is known to be involved in protein degradation, regulation of genomic stability, and regulation of cell cycle. Previously, we have reported that cul-4 regulates cell death during eye development by downregulating Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway. We found that loss-of-function of cul-4 results in a reduced eye phenotype, which can be due to onset of cell death. However, we found that loss-of-function of cul-4 also affects retinal development by downregulating retinal determination (RD) gene expression. Early markers of retinal differentiation are dysregulated in cul-4 loss of function conditions, indicating that cul-4 is necessary for differentiation. Furthermore, loss-of-function of cul-4 ectopically induces expression of negative regulators of eye development like Wg and Homothorax (Hth). During eye development, Wg is known to block the progression of a synchronous wave of differentiation referred to as Morphogenetic furrow (MF). In cul-4 loss-of-function background, expression of dpp-lacZ, a MF marker, is significantly downregulated. Our data suggest a new role of cul-4 in retinal differentiation. These studies may have significant bearings on our understanding of early eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Tare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, India
| | | | - Neha Gogia
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Sonia Narwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, India
| | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA.,Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA.,Center for Tissue Regeneration & Engineering (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA.,The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA.,Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA
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27
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Dong Z, Haines S, Coates D. Proteomic Profiling of Stem Cell Tissues during Regeneration of Deer Antler: A Model of Mammalian Organ Regeneration. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1760-1775. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Haines
- Proteins & Metabolites, AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Dawn Coates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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28
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Guzmán-Herrera A, Mao Y. Polarity during tissue repair, a multiscale problem. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 62:31-36. [PMID: 31514044 PMCID: PMC7036748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair is essential for all organisms, as it protects the integrity and function of tissues and prevents infections and diseases. It takes place at multiple scales, from macroscopic to microscopic levels. Most mechanisms driving tissue repair rely on the correct polarisation of collective cell behaviours, such as migration and proliferation, and polarisation of cytoskeletal and junctional components. Furthermore, re-establishment and maintenance of cell polarity are fundamental for a tissue to be fully repaired and for withstanding mechanical stress during homeostasis and repair. Recent evidence highlights an important role for the interplay between cell polarity and tissue mechanics that are critical in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Guzmán-Herrera
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK; College of Information and Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Arjmand B, Tayanloo-Beik A, Foroughi Heravani N, Alaei S, Payab M, Alavi-Moghadam S, Goodarzi P, Gholami M, Larijani B. Zebrafish for Personalized Regenerative Medicine; A More Predictive Humanized Model of Endocrine Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:396. [PMID: 32765420 PMCID: PMC7379230 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to determine different factors and develop various methods to regenerate impaired tissues, organs, and cells in the disease and impairment conditions. When treatment procedures are specified according to the individual's information, the leading role of personalized regenerative medicine will be revealed in developing more effective therapies. In this concept, endocrine disorders can be considered as potential candidates for regenerative medicine application. Diabetes mellitus as a worldwide prevalent endocrine disease causes different damages such as blood vessel damages, pancreatic damages, and impaired wound healing. Therefore, a global effort has been devoted to diabetes mellitus investigations. Hereupon, the preclinical study is a fundamental step. Up to now, several species of animals have been modeled to identify the mechanism of multiple diseases. However, more recent researches have been demonstrated that animal models with the ability of tissue regeneration are more suitable choices for regenerative medicine studies in endocrine disorders, typically diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, zebrafish has been introduced as a model that possesses the capacity to regenerate different organs and tissues. Especially, fine regeneration in zebrafish has been broadly investigated in the regenerative medicine field. In addition, zebrafish is a suitable model for studying a variety of different situations. For instance, it has been used for developmental studies because of the special characteristics of its larva. In this review, we discuss the features of zebrafish that make it a desirable animal model, the advantages of zebrafish and recent research that shows zebrafish is a promising animal model for personalized regenerative diseases. Ultimately, we conclude that as a newly introduced model, zebrafish can have a leading role in regeneration studies of endocrine diseases and provide a good perception of underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Foroughi Heravani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Alaei
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Bagher Larijani
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30
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Genetic Reprogramming of Positional Memory in a Regenerating Appendage. Curr Biol 2019; 29:4193-4207.e4. [PMID: 31786062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Certain vertebrates such as salamanders and zebrafish are able to regenerate complex tissues (e.g., limbs and fins) with remarkable fidelity. However, how positional information of the missing structure is recalled by appendage stump cells has puzzled researchers for centuries. Here, we report that sizing information for adult zebrafish tailfins is encoded within proliferating blastema cells during a critical period of regeneration. Using a chemical mutagenesis screen, we identified a temperature-sensitive allele of the gene encoding DNA polymerase alpha subunit 2 (pola2) that disrupts fin regeneration in zebrafish. Temperature shift assays revealed a 48-h window of regeneration, during which positional identities could be disrupted in pola2 mutants, leading to regeneration of miniaturized appendages. These fins retained memory of the new size in subsequent rounds of amputation and regeneration. Similar effects were observed upon transient genetic or pharmacological disruption of progenitor cell proliferation after plucking of zebrafish scales or head or tail amputation in amphioxus and annelids. Our results provide evidence that positional information in regenerating tissues is not hardwired but malleable, based on regulatory mechanisms that appear to be evolutionarily conserved across distantly related phyla.
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31
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Cassar S, Adatto I, Freeman JL, Gamse JT, Iturria I, Lawrence C, Muriana A, Peterson RT, Van Cruchten S, Zon LI. Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:95-118. [PMID: 31625720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted human safety events in clinical trials for new drugs are costly in terms of human health and money. The drug discovery industry attempts to minimize those events with diligent preclinical safety testing. Current standard practices are good at preventing toxic compounds from being tested in the clinic; however, false negative preclinical toxicity results are still a reality. Continual improvement must be pursued in the preclinical realm. Higher-quality therapies can be brought forward with more information about potential toxicities and associated mechanisms. The zebrafish model is a bridge between in vitro assays and mammalian in vivo studies. This model is powerful in its breadth of application and tractability for research. In the past two decades, our understanding of disease biology and drug toxicity has grown significantly owing to thousands of studies on this tiny vertebrate. This Review summarizes challenges and strengths of the model, discusses the 3Rs value that it can deliver, highlights translatable and untranslatable biology, and brings together reports from recent studies with zebrafish focusing on new drug discovery toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cassar
- Preclinical Safety , AbbVie , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Joshua T Gamse
- Drug Safety Evaluation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | | | - Christian Lawrence
- Aquatic Resources Program , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | | | - Randall T Peterson
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | | | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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32
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West MD, Sternberg H, Labat I, Janus J, Chapman KB, Malik NN, de Grey ADNJ, Larocca D. Toward a unified theory of aging and regeneration. Regen Med 2019; 14:867-886. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of mammalian aging. Accordingly, changes in gene expression following the pluripotency transition, and subsequent transitions such as the embryonic–fetal transition, while providing tumor suppressive and antiviral survival benefits also result in a loss of regenerative potential leading to age-related fibrosis and degenerative diseases. However, reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency demonstrates the possibility of restoring telomerase and embryonic regeneration pathways and thus reversing the age-related decline in regenerative capacity. A unified model of aging and loss of regenerative potential is emerging that may ultimately be translated into new therapeutic approaches for establishing induced tissue regeneration and modulation of the embryo-onco phenotype of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Labat
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | | | | | - Nafees N Malik
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
- Juvenescence Ltd, London, UK
| | - Aubrey DNJ de Grey
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
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33
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Mehta AS, Luz-Madrigal A, Li JL, Tsonis PA, Singh A. Comparative transcriptomic analysis and structure prediction of novel Newt proteins. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220416. [PMID: 31419228 PMCID: PMC6697330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Notophthalmus viridescens (Red-spotted Newt) possess amazing capabilities to regenerate their organs and other tissues. Previously, using a de novo assembly of the newt transcriptome combined with proteomic validation, our group identified a novel family of five protein members expressed in adult tissues during regeneration in Notophthalmus viridescens. The presence of a putative signal peptide suggests that all these proteins are secretory in nature. Here we employed iterative threading assembly refinement (I-TASSER) server to generate three-dimensional structure of these novel Newt proteins and predicted their function. Our data suggests that these proteins could act as ion transporters, and be involved in redox reaction(s). Due to absence of transgenic approaches in N. viridescens, and conservation of genetic machinery across species, we generated transgenic Drosophila melanogaster to misexpress these genes. Expression of 2775 transcripts were compared between these five newly identified Newt genes. We found that genes involved in the developmental process, cell cycle, apoptosis, and immune response are among those that are highly enriched. To validate the RNA Seq. data, expression of six highly regulated genes were verified using real time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). These graded gene expression patterns provide insight into the function of novel protein family identified in Newt, and layout a map for future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abijeet Singh Mehta
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Agustin Luz-Madrigal
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Panagiotis A Tsonis
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
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