1
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Ray A, Rai Y, Inamdar MS. The Endosomal Sorting Complex, ESCRT, has diverse roles in blood progenitor maintenance, lineage choice and immune response. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060412. [PMID: 38828842 PMCID: PMC11212638 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Most hematological malignancies are associated with reduced expression of one or more components of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT). However, the roles of ESCRT in stem cell and progenitor maintenance are not resolved. Parsing signaling pathways in relation to the canonical role of ESCRT poses a challenge. The Drosophila hematopoietic organ, the larval lymph gland, provides a path to dissect the roles of cellular trafficking pathways such as ESCRT in blood development and maintenance. Drosophila has 13 core ESCRT components. Knockdown of individual ESCRTs showed that only Vps28 and Vp36 were required in all lymph gland progenitors. Using the well-conserved ESCRT-II complex as an example of the range of phenotypes seen upon ESCRT depletion, we show that ESCRTs have cell-autonomous as well as non-autonomous roles in progenitor maintenance and differentiation. ESCRT depletion also sensitized posterior lobe progenitors to respond to immunogenic wasp infestation. We also identify key heterotypic roles for ESCRT in position-dependent control of Notch activation to suppress crystal cell differentiation. Our study shows that the cargo sorting machinery determines the identity of progenitors and their adaptability to the dynamic microenvironment. These mechanisms for control of cell fate may tailor developmental diversity in multiple contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ray
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Yashashwinee Rai
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Maneesha S. Inamdar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (DBT-inStem), GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
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2
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Goins LM, Girard JR, Mondal BC, Buran S, Su CC, Tang R, Biswas T, Kissi JA, Banerjee U. Wnt signaling couples G2 phase control with differentiation during hematopoiesis in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00341-1. [PMID: 38866012 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
During homeostasis, a critical balance is maintained between myeloid-like progenitors and their differentiated progeny, which function to mitigate stress and innate immune challenges. The molecular mechanisms that help achieve this balance are not fully understood. Using genetic dissection in Drosophila, we show that a Wnt6/EGFR-signaling network simultaneously controls progenitor growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Unlike G1-quiescence of stem cells, hematopoietic progenitors are blocked in G2 phase by a β-catenin-independent (Wnt/STOP) Wnt6 pathway that restricts Cdc25 nuclear entry and promotes cell growth. Canonical β-catenin-dependent Wnt6 signaling is spatially confined to mature progenitors through localized activation of the tyrosine kinases EGFR and Abelson kinase (Abl), which promote nuclear entry of β-catenin and facilitate exit from G2. This strategy combines transcription-dependent and -independent forms of both Wnt6 and EGFR pathways to create a direct link between cell-cycle control and differentiation. This unique combinatorial strategy employing conserved components may underlie homeostatic balance and stress response in mammalian hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Goins
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Juliet R Girard
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bama Charan Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sausan Buran
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chloe C Su
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Tang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Titash Biswas
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Kissi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Utpal Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Zhang Q, Zhang P, Yang M, Tian Y, Feng C, Wei W. Identifications of three novel alleles of Serrate in Drosophila. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203908. [PMID: 38403117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway, an evolutionarily highly conserved pathway, participates in various essential physiological processes in organisms. Activation of Notch signaling in the canonical manner requires the combination of ligand and receptor. There are two ligands of Notch in Drosophila: Delta (Dl) and Serrate (Ser). A mutation mf157 is identified for causing nicks of fly wings in genetic analysis from a mutant library (unpublished) that was established previously. Immunofluorescent staining illustrates that mf157 represses the expression of Cut and Wingless (Wg), the targets of Notch signaling. MARCM cloning analysis reveals that mf157 functions at the same level or the upstream of ligands of Notch in signaling sending cells. Sequencing demonstrates that mf157 is a novel allele of the Ser gene. Subsequently, mf553 and mf167 are also identified as new alleles of Ser from our library. Furthermore, the complementary assays and the examination of transcripts confirm the sequencing results. Besides, the repressed phenotypes of Notch signaling were reverted by transposon excision experiments of mf157. In conclusion, we identify three fresh alleles of Ser. Our works supply additional genetic resources for further study of functions of Ser and Notch signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Insects, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Department of Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Research Center for Basic Sciences of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Insects, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Department of Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yingxue Tian
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunxia Feng
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Multimedia Laboratory of Morphology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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4
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Ho KYL, Carr RL, Dvoskin AD, Tanentzapf G. Kinetics of blood cell differentiation during hematopoiesis revealed by quantitative long-term live imaging. eLife 2023; 12:e84085. [PMID: 37000163 PMCID: PMC10065797 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells typically reside in a specialized physical and biochemical environment that facilitates regulation of their behavior. For this reason, stem cells are ideally studied in contexts that maintain this precisely constructed microenvironment while still allowing for live imaging. Here, we describe a long-term organ culture and imaging strategy for hematopoiesis in flies that takes advantage of powerful genetic and transgenic tools available in this system. We find that fly blood progenitors undergo symmetric cell divisions and that their division is both linked to cell size and is spatially oriented. Using quantitative imaging to simultaneously track markers for stemness and differentiation in progenitors, we identify two types of differentiation that exhibit distinct kinetics. Moreover, we find that infection-induced activation of hematopoiesis occurs through modulation of the kinetics of cell differentiation. Overall, our results show that even subtle shifts in proliferation and differentiation kinetics can have large and aggregate effects to transform blood progenitors from a quiescent to an activated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yueh Lin Ho
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Rosalyn Leigh Carr
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- British Columbia Children’s HospitalVancouverCanada
| | | | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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5
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Peeling Back the Layers of Lymph Gland Structure and Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147767. [PMID: 35887113 PMCID: PMC9319083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 60 years, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has proven to be an excellent model to study the regulation of hematopoiesis. This is not only due to the evolutionarily conserved signalling pathways and transcription factors contributing to blood cell fate, but also to convergent evolution that led to functional similarities in distinct species. An example of convergence is the compartmentalization of blood cells, which ensures the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells and allows for the rapid reaction of the immune system upon challenges. The lymph gland, a widely studied hematopoietic organ of the Drosophila larva, represents a microenvironment with similar features and functions to classical hematopoietic stem cell niches of vertebrates. Lymph gland studies were effectively supported by the unparalleled toolkit developed in Drosophila, which enabled the high-resolution investigation of the cellular composition and regulatory interaction networks of the lymph gland. In this review, we summarize how our understanding of lymph gland structure and hematopoietic cell-to-cell communication evolved during the past decades and compare their analogous features to those of the vertebrate hematopoietic stem cell niche.
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6
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Kapoor A, Padmavathi A, Madhwal S, Mukherjee T. Dual control of dopamine in Drosophila myeloid-like progenitor cell proliferation and regulation of lymph gland growth. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52951. [PMID: 35476897 PMCID: PMC9171693 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, definitive haematopoiesis takes place in a specialized organ termed "lymph gland". It harbours multi-potent stem-like blood progenitor cells whose development controls overall growth of this haematopoietic tissue and formation of mature blood cells. With respect to its development, neurotransmitters have emerged as potent regulators of blood-progenitor cell development and function. In this study, we extend our understanding of neurotransmitters and show that progenitors are self-sufficient with regard to synthesizing dopamine, a well-established neurotransmitter. These cells also have modules for dopamine sensing through the receptor and transporter. We found that modulating expression of these components in progenitor cells affected lymph gland growth, which suggested growth-promoting function of dopamine in blood-progenitor cells. Cell-cycle analysis of developing lymph glands revealed an unexpected requirement for intracellular dopamine in moderating the progression of early progenitor cells from S to G2 phase of the cell cycle, while activation of dopamine receptor signalling later in development regulated their progression from G2 and entry into mitosis. The dual capacity in which dopamine operated, first intracellularly to coordinate S/G2 transition and later extracellularly in G2/M transition, was critical for the growth of the lymph gland. Overall, the data presented highlight a novel non-canonical use of dopamine in the myeloid system that reveals an uncharacterized function of intracellular dopamine in cell-cycle phasing with outcomes on haematopoietic growth and immunity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kapoor
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Achalla Padmavathi
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Sukanya Madhwal
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Tina Mukherjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
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7
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Koranteng F, Cho B, Shim J. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of Hematopoiesis in Drosophila. Mol Cells 2022; 45:101-108. [PMID: 35253654 PMCID: PMC8926866 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster lymph gland, the primary site of hematopoiesis, contains myeloid-like progenitor cells that differentiate into functional hemocytes in the circulation of pupae and adults. Fly hemocytes are dynamic and plastic, and they play diverse roles in the innate immune response and wound healing. Various hematopoietic regulators in the lymph gland ensure the developmental and functional balance between progenitors and mature blood cells. In addition, systemic factors, such as nutrient availability and sensory inputs, integrate environmental variabilities to synchronize the blood development in the lymph gland with larval growth, physiology, and immunity. This review examines the intrinsic and extrinsic factors determining the progenitor states during hemocyte development in the lymph gland and provides new insights for further studies that may extend the frontier of our collective knowledge on hematopoiesis and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bumsik Cho
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jiwon Shim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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8
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Girard JR, Goins LM, Vuu DM, Sharpley MS, Spratford CM, Mantri SR, Banerjee U. Paths and pathways that generate cell-type heterogeneity and developmental progression in hematopoiesis. eLife 2021; 10:e67516. [PMID: 34713801 PMCID: PMC8610493 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of Drosophila lymph gland hematopoiesis are limited by the availability of cell-type-specific markers. Using a combination of bulk RNA-Seq of FACS-sorted cells, single-cell RNA-Seq, and genetic dissection, we identify new blood cell subpopulations along a developmental trajectory with multiple paths to mature cell types. This provides functional insights into key developmental processes and signaling pathways. We highlight metabolism as a driver of development, show that graded Pointed expression allows distinct roles in successive developmental steps, and that mature crystal cells specifically express an alternate isoform of Hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif/Sima). Mechanistically, the Musashi-regulated protein Numb facilitates Sima-dependent non-canonical, and inhibits canonical, Notch signaling. Broadly, we find that prior to making a fate choice, a progenitor selects between alternative, biologically relevant, transitory states allowing smooth transitions reflective of combinatorial expressions rather than stepwise binary decisions. Increasingly, this view is gaining support in mammalian hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet R Girard
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Lauren M Goins
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Dung M Vuu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Mark S Sharpley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Carrie M Spratford
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Shreya R Mantri
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Utpal Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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9
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Morin-Poulard I, Tian Y, Vanzo N, Crozatier M. Drosophila as a Model to Study Cellular Communication Between the Hematopoietic Niche and Blood Progenitors Under Homeostatic Conditions and in Response to an Immune Stress. Front Immunol 2021; 12:719349. [PMID: 34484226 PMCID: PMC8415499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult mammals, blood cells are formed from hematopoietic stem progenitor cells, which are controlled by a complex cellular microenvironment called "niche". Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism to decipher the mechanisms controlling hematopoiesis, due both to its limited number of blood cell lineages and to the conservation of genes and signaling pathways throughout bilaterian evolution. Insect blood cells or hemocytes are similar to the mammalian myeloid lineage that ensures innate immunity functions. Like in vertebrates, two waves of hematopoiesis occur in Drosophila. The first wave takes place during embryogenesis. The second wave occurs at larval stages, where two distinct hematopoietic sites are identified: subcuticular hematopoietic pockets and a specialized hematopoietic organ called the lymph gland. In both sites, hematopoiesis is regulated by distinct niches. In hematopoietic pockets, sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system provide a microenvironment that promotes embryonic hemocyte expansion and differentiation. In the lymph gland blood cells are produced from hematopoietic progenitors. A small cluster of cells called Posterior Signaling Centre (PSC) and the vascular system, along which the lymph gland develops, act collectively as a niche, under homeostatic conditions, to control the balance between maintenance and differentiation of lymph gland progenitors. In response to an immune stress such as wasp parasitism, lymph gland hematopoiesis is drastically modified and shifts towards emergency hematopoiesis, leading to increased progenitor proliferation and their differentiation into lamellocyte, a specific blood cell type which will neutralize the parasite. The PSC is essential to control this emergency response. In this review, we summarize Drosophila cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the communication between the niche and hematopoietic progenitors, both under homeostatic and stress conditions. Finally, we discuss similarities between mechanisms by which niches regulate hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in Drosophila and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yushun Tian
- MCD/UMR5077, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vanzo
- MCD/UMR5077, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Toulouse, France
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10
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Ray A, Kamat K, Inamdar MS. A Conserved Role for Asrij/OCIAD1 in Progenitor Differentiation and Lineage Specification Through Functional Interaction With the Regulators of Mitochondrial Dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:643444. [PMID: 34295888 PMCID: PMC8290362 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.643444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose activity is an important determinant of blood stem and progenitor cell state. Mitochondrial morphology is maintained by continuous fission and fusion and affects stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and aging. However, the mechanism by which mitochondrial morphology and dynamics regulate cell differentiation and lineage choice remains incompletely understood. Asrij/OCIAD1 is a conserved protein that governs mitochondrial morphology, energy metabolism and human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation. To investigate the in vivo relevance of these properties, we compared hESC phenotypes with those of Drosophila hematopoiesis, where Asrij is shown to regulate blood progenitor maintenance by conserved mechanisms. In concordance with hESC studies, we found that Drosophila Asrij also localizes to mitochondria of larval blood cells and its depletion from progenitors results in elongated mitochondria. Live imaging of asrij knockdown hemocytes and of OCIAD1 knockout hESCs showed reduced mitochondrial dynamics. Since key regulators of mitochondrial dynamics actively regulate mitochondrial morphology, we hypothesized that mitochondrial fission and fusion may control progenitor maintenance or differentiation in an Asrij-dependent manner. Knockdown of the fission regulator Drp1 in Drosophila lymph gland progenitors specifically suppressed crystal cell differentiation whereas depletion of the fusion regulator Marf (Drosophila Mitofusin) increased the same with concomitant upregulation of Notch signaling. These phenotypes were stronger in anterior progenitors and were exacerbated by Asrij depletion. Asrij is known to suppress Notch signaling and crystal cell differentiation. Our analysis reveals that synergistic interactions of Asrij with Drp1 and Marf have distinct impacts on lymph gland progenitor mitochondrial dynamics and crystal cell differentiation. Taken together, using invertebrate and mammalian model systems we demonstrate a conserved role for Asrij/OCIAD1 in linking mitochondrial dynamics and progenitor differentiation. Our study sets the stage for deciphering how regulators of mitochondrial dynamics may contribute to functional heterogeneity and lineage choice in vertebrate blood progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ray
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kajal Kamat
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Maneesha S Inamdar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
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11
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Frankenreiter L, Gahr BM, Schmid H, Zimmermann M, Deichsel S, Hoffmeister P, Turkiewicz A, Borggrefe T, Oswald F, Nagel AC. Phospho-Site Mutations in Transcription Factor Suppressor of Hairless Impact Notch Signaling Activity During Hematopoiesis in Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658820. [PMID: 33937259 PMCID: PMC8079769 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved Notch signaling pathway controls a multitude of developmental processes including hematopoiesis. Here, we provide evidence for a novel mechanism of tissue-specific Notch regulation involving phosphorylation of CSL transcription factors within the DNA-binding domain. Earlier we found that a phospho-mimetic mutation of the Drosophila CSL ortholog Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] at Ser269 impedes DNA-binding. By genome-engineering, we now introduced phospho-specific Su(H) mutants at the endogenous Su(H) locus, encoding either a phospho-deficient [Su(H) S269A ] or a phospho-mimetic [Su(H) S269D ] isoform. Su(H) S269D mutants were defective of Notch activity in all analyzed tissues, consistent with impaired DNA-binding. In contrast, the phospho-deficient Su(H) S269A mutant did not generally augment Notch activity, but rather specifically in several aspects of blood cell development. Unexpectedly, this process was independent of the corepressor Hairless acting otherwise as a general Notch antagonist in Drosophila. This finding is in agreement with a novel mode of Notch regulation by posttranslational modification of Su(H) in the context of hematopoiesis. Importantly, our studies of the mammalian CSL ortholog (RBPJ/CBF1) emphasize a potential conservation of this regulatory mechanism: phospho-mimetic RBPJ S221D was dysfunctional in both the fly as well as two human cell culture models, whereas phospho-deficient RBPJ S221A rather gained activity during fly hematopoiesis. Thus, dynamic phosphorylation of CSL-proteins within the DNA-binding domain provides a novel means to fine-tune Notch signal transduction in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Frankenreiter
- Department of General Genetics (190g), Institute of Biology (190), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernd M Gahr
- Department of General Genetics (190g), Institute of Biology (190), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmid
- Department of General Genetics (190g), Institute of Biology (190), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mirjam Zimmermann
- Department of General Genetics (190g), Institute of Biology (190), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sebastian Deichsel
- Department of General Genetics (190g), Institute of Biology (190), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Hoffmeister
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franz Oswald
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja C Nagel
- Department of General Genetics (190g), Institute of Biology (190), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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12
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Csordás G, Gábor E, Honti V. There and back again: The mechanisms of differentiation and transdifferentiation in Drosophila blood cells. Dev Biol 2020; 469:135-143. [PMID: 33131706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation is a conversion of an already differentiated cell type into another cell type without the involvement of stem cells. This transition is well described in the case of vertebrate immune cells, as well as in Drosophila melanogaster, which therefore serves as a suitable model to study the process in detail. In the Drosophila larva, the latest single-cell sequencing methods enabled the clusterization of the phagocytic blood cells, the plasmatocytes, which are capable of transdifferentiation into encapsulating cells, the lamellocytes. Here we summarize the available data of the past years on the plasmatocyte-lamellocyte transition, and make an attempt to harmonize them with transcriptome-based blood cell clustering to better understand the underlying mechanisms of transdifferentiation in Drosophila, and in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Csordás
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Erika Gábor
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6701, P.O.Box 521, Hungary.
| | - Viktor Honti
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6701, P.O.Box 521, Hungary.
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13
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Poe AJ, Kulkarni M, Leszczynska A, Tang J, Shah R, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Wang J, Kramerov AA, Wohlschlegel J, Punj V, Ljubimov AV, Saghizadeh M. Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Role of miR-146a in Human Limbal Epithelium via Notch Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102175. [PMID: 32993109 PMCID: PMC7650592 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-146a is upregulated in the stem cell-enriched limbal region vs. central human cornea and can mediate corneal epithelial wound healing. The aim of this study was to identify miR-146a targets in human primary limbal epithelial cells (LECs) using genomic and proteomic analyses. RNA-seq combined with quantitative proteomics based on multiplexed isobaric tandem mass tag labeling was performed in LECs transfected with miR-146a mimic vs. mimic control. Western blot and immunostaining were used to confirm the expression of some targeted genes/proteins. A total of 251 differentially expressed mRNAs and 163 proteins were identified. We found that miR-146a regulates the expression of multiple genes in different pathways, such as the Notch system. In LECs and organ-cultured corneas, miR-146a increased Notch-1 expression possibly by downregulating its inhibitor Numb, but decreased Notch-2. Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed the regulatory role of miR-146a in several other processes, including anchoring junctions, TNF-α, Hedgehog signaling, adherens junctions, TGF-β, mTORC2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, which mediate wound healing, inflammation, and stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Our results provide insights into the regulatory network of miR-146a and its role in fine-tuning of Notch-1 and Notch-2 expressions in limbal epithelium, which could be a balancing factor in stem cell maintenance and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Poe
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.J.P.); (M.K.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (J.W.); (A.A.K.); (A.V.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mangesh Kulkarni
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.J.P.); (M.K.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (J.W.); (A.A.K.); (A.V.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aleksandra Leszczynska
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.J.P.); (M.K.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (J.W.); (A.A.K.); (A.V.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.J.P.); (M.K.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (J.W.); (A.A.K.); (A.V.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.J.-A.); (J.W.)
| | - Jason Wang
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.J.P.); (M.K.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (J.W.); (A.A.K.); (A.V.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andrei A. Kramerov
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.J.P.); (M.K.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (J.W.); (A.A.K.); (A.V.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - James Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.J.-A.); (J.W.)
| | - Vasu Punj
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Alexander V. Ljubimov
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.J.P.); (M.K.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (J.W.); (A.A.K.); (A.V.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.J.P.); (M.K.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (J.W.); (A.A.K.); (A.V.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-310-248-8696
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Lan W, Liu S, Zhao L, Su Y. Regulation of Drosophila Hematopoiesis in Lymph Gland: From a Developmental Signaling Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155246. [PMID: 32722007 PMCID: PMC7432643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila hematopoietic system is becoming increasingly attractive for its simple blood cell lineage and its developmental and functional parallels with the vertebrate system. As the dedicated organ for Drosophila larval hematopoiesis, the lymph gland harbors both multipotent stem-like progenitor cells and differentiated blood cells. The balance between progenitor maintenance and differentiation in the lymph gland must be precisely and tightly controlled. Multiple developmental signaling pathways, such as Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/Wingless, have been demonstrated to regulate the hematopoietic processes in the lymph gland. Focusing on blood cell maintenance and differentiation, this article summarizes the functions of several classic developmental signaling pathways for lymph gland growth and patterning, highlighting the important roles of developmental signaling during lymph gland development as well as Drosophila larval hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lan
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (W.L.); (S.L.)
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Sumin Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (W.L.); (S.L.)
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (W.L.); (S.L.)
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ying Su
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (W.L.); (S.L.)
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
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