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Paes LCF, Lima DB, Silva DMAD, Valentin JT, Aquino PEAD, García-Jareño AB, Orzaéz M, Fonteles MMDF, Martins AMC. Exploring the neuroprotective potential of antimicrobial peptides from Dinoponera quadriceps venom against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in vivo. Toxicon 2024; 237:107538. [PMID: 38030096 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy affects around 50 million people worldwide and 30% of patients have difficulty controlling the disease. The search for substances that can fill the existing gaps in the treatment of epilepsy is of great importance. Arthropod venoms are promising sources for this purpose due to the presence of small peptides that modulate the activity of ion channels and neuron receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate dinoponeratoxins from the Dinoponera quadriceps ant venom (M-PONTX-Dq3a, M-PONTX-Dq3b and M-PONTX-Dq3c) as potential anticonvulsants. We evaluated them in a seizure model induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male swiss mice. Interestingly, intraperitoneal treatment with each peptide increased the time until the first seizure and the percentage of survival, with M-PONTX-Dq3b showing the best results. M-PONTX-Dq3a was discarded due to the appearance of some signs of toxicity with the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the striatum. Both, M-PONTX-Dq3b and M-PONTX-Dq3c decreased iNOS and TNF-α in the hippocampus. Notably, M-PONTX-Dq3c treatment decreased the levels of MDA and nitrite in the cortex and hippocampus. Our results indicate that, M-PONTX-Dq3b and M-PONTX-Dq3c have anticonvulsant activity and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in epilepsy, offering new perspectives for biopharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Correia Fernandes Paes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430372, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Dânya Bandeira Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430372, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Moreira Alves da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430372, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Tiago Valentin
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430372, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Alicia Belén García-Jareño
- Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Lab and Peptide Synthesis Platform, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Mar Orzaéz
- Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Lab and Peptide Synthesis Platform, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Marta Maria de França Fonteles
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430372, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430372, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, Ceará, Brazil.
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Feng Y, Jiang X, Liu W, Lu H. The location, physiology, pathology of hippocampus Melatonin MT 2 receptor and MT 2-selective modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115888. [PMID: 37866336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland and regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, is synthesized and directly released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the third ventricle (3rdv), where it undergoes rapid absorption by surrounding tissues to exert its physiological function. The hippocampus, a vital structure in the limbic system adjacent to the ventricles, plays a pivotal role in emotional response and memory formation. Melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that primarily mediate melatonin's receptor-dependent effects. In comparison to the MT1 receptor, the widely expressed MT2 receptor is crucial for mediating melatonin's biological functions within the hippocampus. Specifically, MT2 receptor is implicated in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory processes, as well as neurogenesis and axogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of MT2 receptors in the pathophysiology and pharmacology of Alzheimer's disease, depression, and epilepsy. This review focuses on the anatomical localization of MT2 receptor in the hippocampus, their physiological function in this region, and their signal transduction and pharmacological roles in neurological disorders. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive review of MT2 receptor ligands used in psychopharmacology and other MT2-selective ligands over recent years. Ultimately, we provide an outlook on future research for selective MT2 receptor drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Taiwe GS, Ndieudieu Kouamou AL, Dabole B, Ambassa ARM, Mambou HMAY, Bila RB, Tchoya TB, Menanga JR, Djomeni Dzeufiet PD, Ngo Bum E. Protective Effects of Anthocleista djalonensis Extracts against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Epileptic Seizures and Neuronal Cell Loss: Role of Antioxidant Defense System. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5523705. [PMID: 34504535 PMCID: PMC8423543 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration are involved in the initiation of epileptogenesis and progression of epileptic seizures. This study was aimed at investigating the anticonvulsant, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of active fractions isolated from Anthocleista djalonensis root barks in pentylenetetrazole mouse models of epileptic seizures. Bioactive-guided fractionation of Anthocleista djalonensis (AFAD) extracts using acute pentylenetetrazole (90 mg/kg) induced generalised tonic-clonic seizures, which afforded a potent anticonvulsant fraction (FPool 5). Further fractionation of AFAD was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography, which yielded fifteen subfractions, which were chemically characterised. In addition, AFAD was tested against convulsions or spontaneous kindled seizures induced, respectively, by acute (50 mg/kg) or subchronic (30 mg/kg) injection of pentylenetetrazole. Finally, oxidative stress markers, brain GABA content, and neuronal cell loss were evaluated in AFAD-treated pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. Administration of AFAD significantly protected mice against acute pentylenetetrazole (90 mg/kg)-induced convulsions. In acute pentylenetetrazole (50 mg/kg)-induced hippocampal and cortical paroxysmal discharges, AFAD significantly decreased the number of crisis, the cumulative duration of crisis, and the mean duration of crisis. Additionally, AFAD significantly decreased the number of myoclonic jerks and improved the seizure score in subchronic pentylenetetrazole-induced kindled seizures. The pentylenetetrazole-induced alteration of oxidant-antioxidant balance, GABA concentration, and neuronal cells in the brain were attenuated by AFAD treatment. This study showed that AFAD protected mice against pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptic seizures possibly through the enhancement of antioxidant defence and GABAergic signalling. These events might be correlated with the amelioration of neuronal cell loss; hence, AFAD could be a potential candidate for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Sotoing Taiwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Bernard Dabole
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Raymond Bess Bila
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Thierry Bang Tchoya
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Renaud Menanga
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
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Akyuz E, Kullu I, Arulsamy A, Shaikh MF. Melatonin as an Antiepileptic Molecule: Therapeutic Implications via Neuroprotective and Inflammatory Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1281-1292. [PMID: 33813829 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a result of unprovoked, uncontrollable, and repetitive outburst of abnormal and excessive electrical discharges, known as seizures, in the neurons. Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition that affects 70 million people globally. Unfortunately, only two-thirds of epilepsy patients respond to antiepileptic drugs while others become drug resistant and may be more prone to epilepsy comorbidities such as SUDEP. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and neuroinflammation are some of the common pathologies of neurological disorders and epilepsy. Studies suggests that melatonin, a pineal hormone that governs sleep-wake cycles, may be neuroprotective against neurological disorders and thus may be translated as an antiepileptic as well. Melatonin has been shown to be an antioxidant, antiexcitotoxic, and anti-inflammatory hormone/molecule in neurodegenerative diseases, which may contribute to its antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties in epilepsy as well. In addition, melatonin has evidently been shown to play a regulatory role in the cardiorespiratory system and sleep-wake cycles, which may have positive implications toward epilepsy associated comorbidities, such as SUDEP. However, studies investigating the changes in melatonin release due to epilepsy and melatonin's antiepileptic role have been inconclusive and scarce, respectively. Thus, this comprehensive review aims to summarize and elucidate the potential role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and its comorbidities, in hopes to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that will improve the lives of epileptic patients, particularly those who are drug resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- University of Health Sciences, International Medicine Faculty, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Kullu
- Medical School, Yozgat Bozok University, 66100 Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Chan F, Liu J. Molecular regulation of brain metabolism underlying circadian epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62 Suppl 1:S32-S48. [PMID: 33395505 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive study has demonstrated that epilepsy occurs with greater frequency at certain times in the 24-h cycle. Although these findings implicate an overlap between the circadian rhythm and epilepsy, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this circadian regulation are poorly understood. Because the 24-h rhythm is generated by the circadian molecular system, it is not surprising that this system comprised of many circadian genes is implicated in epilepsy. We summarized evidence in the literature implicating various circadian genes such as Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Rev-erb⍺, and Ror⍺ in epilepsy. In various animal models of epilepsy, the circadian oscillation and the steady-state level of these genes are disrupted. The downstream pathway of these genes involves a large number of metabolic pathways associated with epilepsy. These pathways include pyridoxal metabolism, the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and the regulation of redox state. We propose that disruption of these metabolic pathways could mediate the circadian regulation of epilepsy. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism of circadian regulation of epilepsy would enable us to precisely target the circadian disruption in epilepsy for a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Chan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Judy Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Revisiting the role of neurotransmitters in epilepsy: An updated review. Life Sci 2020; 265:118826. [PMID: 33259863 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurologicaldisorder characterized by persistent predisposition to recurrent seizurescaused by abnormal neuronal activity in the brain. Epileptic seizures maydevelop due to a relative imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Expressional alterations of receptors and ion channelsactivated by neurotransmitters can lead to epilepsy pathogenesis. AIMS In this updated comprehensive review, we discuss the emerging implication of mutations in neurotransmitter-mediated receptors and ion channels. We aim to provide critical findings of the current literature about the role of neurotransmitters in epilepsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify and critically evaluate studies analyzing the possible relationship between epilepsy and neurotransmitters. The PubMed database was searched for related research articles. KEY FINDINGS Glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters playing a critical role in the pathophysiology of this balance, and irreversible neuronal damage may occur as a result of abnormal changes in these molecules. Acetylcholine (ACh), the main stimulant of the autonomic nervous system, mediates signal transmission through cholinergic and nicotinic receptors. Accumulating evidence indicates that dysfunction of nicotinic ACh receptors, which are widely expressed in hippocampal and cortical neurons, may be significantly implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The dopamine-norepinephrine-epinephrine cycle activates hormonal and neuronal pathways; serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine, and melatonin can act as both hormones and neurotransmitters. Recent reports have demonstrated that nitric oxide mediates cognitive and memory-related functions via stimulating neuronal transmission. SIGNIFICANCE The elucidation of the role of the main mediators and receptors in epilepsy is crucial for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Khan S, Khurana M, Vyas P, Vohora D. The role of melatonin and its analogues in epilepsy. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:/j/revneuro.ahead-of-print/revneuro-2019-0088/revneuro-2019-0088.xml. [PMID: 32950966 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has gone into proposing a promising link between melatonin administration and attenuation of epileptic activity, the majority of which suggest its propensity as an antiseizure with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In the past few years, a number of studies highlighting the association of the melatonergic ligands with epilepsy have also emerged. In this context, our review is based on discussing the recent studies and various mechanisms of action that the said category of drugs exhibit in the context of being therapeutically viable antiseizure drugs. Our search revealed several articles on the four major drugs i.e. melatonin, agomelatine, ramelteon and piromelatine along with other melatonergic agonists like tasimelteon and TIK-301. Our review is suggestive of antiseizure effects of both melatonin and its analogues; however, extensive research work is still required to study their implications in the treatment of persons with epilepsy. Further evaluation of melatonergic signaling pathways and mechanisms may prove to be helpful in the near future and might prove to be a significant advance in the field of epileptology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mallika Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Preeti Vyas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Smyk MK, van Luijtelaar G, Huysmans H, Drinkenburg WH. Spike-Wave Discharges and Sleep-Wake States during Circadian Desynchronization: No Effects of Agomelatine upon Re-Entrainment. Neuroscience 2019; 408:327-338. [PMID: 30978380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapid changes in the light-dark cycle cause circadian desynchronization between rhythms of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) and motor activity in genetic epileptic rats, and this is accompanied by an increase in epileptic activity. Given the close relationship between absence seizures and sleep-wake states, the present study assessed firstly a putative relationship between vigilance rhythms and SWDs during re-synchronization, and secondly sleep-wake patterns responsible for increased epileptic activity. Lastly, in a view of existing evidence that melatonin and its agonists accelerate re-synchronization, the effects of different doses of agomelatine upon the speed of re-synchronization of different sleep-wake states and SWDs were investigated. Simultaneous electroencephalographic and electromyographic recordings were made in symptomatic WAG/Rij rats, before, during and 10 days following an 8 h light phase delay. Agomelatine was orally administered acutely and sub-chronically, during 10 post-shift days. The magnitude of the advance after the shift and the speed of re-synchronization were specific for various rhythms. Most prominent change was the increase in REM sleep duration during the dark phase. A post-shift increase in passive wakefulness and a reduction in deep slow-wave sleep coincided with an aggravation of SWDs during the light phase. Agomelatine showed neither an effect on sleep-wake parameters and SWDs, nor affected re-synchronization. The same speed of re-synchronization of SWDs and light slow-wave sleep suggests that both are controlled by a common circadian mechanism. The redistribution of SWDs and their increase in the light phase after the shift may be of importance for patients with absence epilepsy planning long trans-meridian flight across time zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Smyk
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Chair of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Gilles van Luijtelaar
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525, HR, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Heidi Huysmans
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wilhelmus H Drinkenburg
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.
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Leite Góes Gitai D, de Andrade TG, Dos Santos YDR, Attaluri S, Shetty AK. Chronobiology of limbic seizures: Potential mechanisms and prospects of chronotherapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:122-134. [PMID: 30629979 PMCID: PMC7023906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE) characterized by progressive development of complex partial seizures originating from the hippocampus is the most prevalent and refractory type of epilepsy. One of the remarkable features of mTLE is the rhythmic pattern of occurrence of spontaneous seizures, implying a dependence on the endogenous clock system for seizure threshold. Conversely, circadian rhythms are affected by epilepsy too. Comprehending how the circadian system and seizures interact with each other is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of epilepsy as well as for developing innovative therapies that are efficacious for better seizure control. In this review, we confer how the temporal dysregulation of the circadian clock in the hippocampus combined with multiple uncoupled oscillators could lead to periodic seizure occurrences and comorbidities. Unraveling these associations with additional research would help in developing chronotherapy for mTLE, based on the chronobiology of spontaneous seizures. Notably, differential dosing of antiepileptic drugs over the circadian period and/or strategies that resynchronize biological rhythms may substantially improve the management of seizures in mTLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leite Góes Gitai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sahithi Attaluri
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans' Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA.
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Tchekalarova J, Atanasova D, Kortenska L, Lazarov N, Shishmanova-Doseva M, Galchev T, Marinov P. Agomelatine alleviates neuronal loss through BDNF signaling in the post-status epilepticus model induced by kainic acid in rat. Brain Res Bull 2019; 147:22-35. [PMID: 30738136 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have reported that while agomelatine (Ago) is unable to prevent development of epilepsy it exerts a strong neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory response in the KA post-status epilepticus (SE) rat model. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus is involved in the neuroprotective effect of Ago against the KA-induced SE and epileptiform activity four months later in rats. Lacosamide (LCM) was used as a positive control. The EEG-recorded seizure activity was also evaluated in two treatment protocols. In Experiment#1, Ago given repeatedly at a dose of 40 mg/kg during the course of SE was unable neither to modify EEG-recorded epileptiform activity nor the video- and EEG-recorded spontaneous seizures four months later compared to LCM (50 mg/kg). However, both Ago and LCM inhibited the expression of BDNF in the mossy fibers and also prevented neuronal loss in the dorsal hippocampal and the piriform cortex after SE. In Experiment#2, acute injection of Ago and LCM on epileptic rats, characterized by high seizure rates, did not prevent EEG-recorded paroxysmal events while only LCM decreased either absolute or relative powers of gamma (28-60 Hz) and high (HI) (60-120 Hz) frequency bands to baseline in the frontal and parietal cortex, respectively. Our results suggest that the protection against neuronal loss in specific limbic regions and overexpressed BDNF in the mossy fibers resulting from the repeated treatment with Ago and LCM, respectively, during SE is not a prerequisite for alleviation of epileptogenesis and development of epilepsy. In addition, a reduction of gamma and HI bands in the frontal and parietal cortex is not associated with EEG-recorded paroxysmal events after acute injection of LCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Dimitrinka Atanasova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Lidia Kortenska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Pencho Marinov
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Cavalcante TMB, De Melo JDMA, Lopes LB, Bessa MC, Santos JG, Vasconcelos LC, Vieira Neto AE, Borges LTN, Fonteles MMF, Chaves Filho AJM, Macêdo D, Campos AR, Aguiar CCT, Vasconcelos SMM. Ivabradine possesses anticonvulsant and neuroprotective action in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2499-2512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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Ethemoglu MS, Kutlu S, Seker FB, Erdogan CS, Bingol CA, Yilmaz B. Effects of agomelatine on electrocorticogram activity on penicillin-induced seizure model of rats. Neurosci Lett 2018; 690:120-125. [PMID: 30213622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Agomelatine is a new antidepressant drug acting as an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (5-HTR2C) and agonist of melatonergic receptors 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2). Because of this dual action, it is an atypical antidepressant. The aim of this study was to investigate chronic anticonvulsant effects of agomelatine on penicillin-induced epilepsy model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into four groups and were administered with tap water (vehicle), and agomelatine doses of 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for 14 days via oral gavage. After the last doses were given, epileptic seizures were induced by intracortical penicillin (500 IU/2.5 μl) application in rats under urethane (1.25 g/kg intraperitoneal) anesthesia. Electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings were obtained from the somatomotor cortex through 90 min, and spike frequencies and amplitudes were analyzed. The spike frequency analyses revealed that only 50 mg/kg agomelatine administration decreased the spike frequencies of hypersynchronous discharge of neurons caused by penicillin (p < 0.05). No significant differences in amplitudes between experimental groups were observed. In addition, mRNA expressions of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) and vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter (VGAT) in response to the agomelatine active dose, 50 mg/kg, showed no significant effect of agomelatine on the mRNA expression. Our results indicate that chronic treatment with agomelatine may have potential anticonvulsant effects. Agomelatine may be a promising drug for epilepsy patients having depression due to its antiepileptic and antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ethemoglu
- Yeditepe University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Ataşehir, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - S Kutlu
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - F B Seker
- Yeditepe University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Ataşehir, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - C S Erdogan
- Yeditepe University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Ataşehir, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - C A Bingol
- Yeditepe University, Medical School, Department of Neurology, Ataşehir, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - B Yilmaz
- Yeditepe University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Ataşehir, İstanbul, Turkey.
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13
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Taiwe GS, Kouamou ALN, Ambassa ARM, Menanga JR, Tchoya TB, Dzeufiet PDD. Evidence for the involvement of the GABA-ergic pathway in the anticonvulsant activity of the roots bark aqueous extract of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Loganiaceae). J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:425-435. [PMID: 28777735 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root bark of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Loganiaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine in Northern Cameroon to treat epilepsy and related conditions, such as migraine, insomnia, dementia, anxiety, and mood disorders. METHODS To investigate the anticonvulsant effects and the possible mechanisms of this plant, an aqueous extract of Anthocleista djalonensis (AEAD) was evaluated by using animal models of bicuculline-, picrotoxin-, pilocarpine-, and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions. Their effects on brain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration and GABA-T activity were also determined. RESULTS This extract significantly protected mice against bicuculline-induced motor seizures. It provided 80% protection against picrotoxin-induced tonic-clonic seizures, and strongly antagonized convulsions induced by pilocarpine. AEAD also protected 100% of mice against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Flumazenil, a central benzodiazepine receptor antagonist and FG7142, a partial inverse agonist in the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor complex, were found to have an inhibitory effect on the anticonvulsant action of AEAD in pentylenetetrazole test. Finally, the brain GABA concentration was significantly increased and GABA-T activity was inhibited by AEAD. CONCLUSIONS The effects of Anthocleista djalonensis suggested the presence of anticonvulsant properties that might involve an action on benzodiazepine and/or GABA sites in the GABAA receptor complex or by modulating GABA concentration in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Azim MS, Agarwal NB, Vohora D. Effects of agomelatine on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling, kindling-associated oxidative stress, and behavioral despair in mice and modulation of its actions by luzindole and 1-(m-chlorophenyl) piperazine. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 72:140-144. [PMID: 28578215 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In view of well-evidenced antiepileptic effects of melatonin and few reports of anticonvulsant action of agomelatine, the present study investigated whether agomelatine protects against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling in mice and kindling-associated oxidative stress, depression, and impairment of spatial memory. In order to explore whether effects are mediated by melatonergic or serotonergic mechanisms, 1-(m-chlorophenyl) piperazine (mCPP), selective 5HT2c receptor agonist and luzindole, melatonergic receptor antagonist, were taken as pharmacological tools. In view of few hepatotoxic reports on agomelatine, the study evaluated effects on hepatic enzyme levels. Swiss strain albino mice were injected with PTZ (25mg/kg, i.p.) once every two days for 5weeks to induce kindling. The effects of agomelatine (10mg/kg, p.o.) alone and in combination with luzindole (2.5mg/kg, i.p.) or mCPP (7mg/kg, i.p.) on seizure severity during induction and % incidence of animals kindled at the end of 5weeks were recorded. Modified forced swim test was used for studying depression-like behavior while spontaneous alternation behavior was used for studying effects on spatial memory. Serum AST and ALT concentrations, cortical and hippocampal malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione were measured. Agomelatine 10mg/kg, p.o. effectively delayed development of kindling, reduced seizure severity, and decreased % incidence. Luzindole reversed the protective effects of agomelatine while mCPP failed to show such a reversal, indicating melatonergic (and not serotonergic) mechanisms in the observed effects. Agomelatine also showed antioxidant effects that can partially contribute to its anticonvulsant action. In addition, it alleviated PTZ-kindling-associated behavioral despair and favorably modulated liver enzymes. Its effects on improvement of kindling-associated spatial memory could possibly be related to its effects on locomotor activity. Agomelatine, thus, could be explored as an adjunct to antiepileptic drugs for seizure control and for alleviating epilepsy-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suhaib Azim
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nidhi B Agarwal
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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15
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Rocha AKADA, de Lima E, Amaral F, Peres R, Cipolla-Neto J, Amado D. Altered MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors expression in the hippocampus of pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 71:23-34. [PMID: 28460319 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental findings show that melatonin may be used as an adjuvant to the treatment of epilepsy-related complications by alleviates sleep disturbances, circadian alterations and attenuates seizures alone or in combination with AEDs. In addition, it has been observed that there is a circadian component on seizures, which cause changes in circadian system and in melatonin production. Nevertheless, the dynamic changes of the melatoninergic system, especially with regard to its membrane receptors (MT1 and MT2) in the natural course of TLE remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 24-hour profile of MT1 and MT2 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus of rats submitted to the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model analyzing the influence of the circadian rhythm in the expression pattern during the acute, silent, and chronic phases. Melatonin receptor MT1 and MT2 mRNA expression levels were increased in the hippocampus of rats few hours after SE, with MT1 returning to normal levels and MT2 reducing during the silent phase. During the chronic phase, mRNA expression levels of both receptors return to levels close to control, however, presenting a different daily profile, showing that there is a circadian change during the chronic phase. Also, during the acute and silent phase it was possible to verify MT1 label only in CA2 hippocampal region with an increased expression only in the dark period of the acute phase. The MT2 receptor was present in all hippocampal regions, however, it was reduced in the acute phase and it was found in astrocytes. In chronic animals, there is a reduction in the presence of both receptors especially in regions where there is a typical damage derived from epilepsy. Therefore, we conclude that SE induced by pilocarpine is able to change melatonin receptor MT1 and MT2 protein and mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus of rats few hours after SE as well as in silent and chronic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliangela de Lima
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Amaral
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departament of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Peres
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Amado
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Tchekalarova J, Atanasova D, Nenchovska Z, Atanasova M, Kortenska L, Gesheva R, Lazarov N. Agomelatine protects against neuronal damage without preventing epileptogenesis in the kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 104:1-14. [PMID: 28438504 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies about the novel antidepressant agomelatine, which is a mixed MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor agonist and 5HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist possessing an anticonvulsant and neuroprotective action, suggest that it may have potential to contribute against epileptogenesis and epilepsy-induced memory impairment. In order to ascertain whether protection of some brain structures could suppress epileptogenesis, in the present study, we evaluated the effect of chronic post-status treatment with agomelatine on epileptogenesis, behavioral and neuronal damage induced by kainate acid (KA) status epilepticus (SE). Agomelatine/vehicle treatment (40mg/kg, i.p.) started one hour after SE and continued up to 10weeks in Wistar rats. Latency for onset of spontaneous motor seizures (SMS) and their frequency was detected by a 24-h video-recording. Locomotor activity, anxiety and hippocampus-dependent spatial memory in open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), light-dark test (LDT) and radial arm maze (RAM) test, respectively, were evaluated during the last two weeks after SE. Agomelatine significantly decreased the latency for onset of SMS and increased the seizure frequency during the 2nd and the 3rd week of treatment. The MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist and serotonin 5HT2C receptor antagonist exacerbated the KA-induced hyperlocomotion and impulsive behavior and it was unable to prevent spatial memory impairment of epileptic rats. However, agomelatine induced a neuroprotection in the dorsal hippocampus, specifically in the CA1, septal CA2 and partially in the CA3c region, the hilus of the dentate gyrus, piriform cortex and septo-temporal and temporal basolateral amygdala. Our findings suggest that the beneficial impact against SE-induced neuronal loss exerted by agomelatine is not crucial for the suppression of epileptogenesis and its deleterious consequences in KA model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Dimitrinka Atanasova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6003, Bulgaria
| | - Zlatina Nenchovska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Atanasova
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Pleven, Pleven 5800, Bulgaria
| | - Lidia Kortenska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Gesheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Lazarov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
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17
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Svob Strac D, Pivac N, Smolders IJ, Fogel WA, De Deurwaerdere P, Di Giovanni G. Monoaminergic Mechanisms in Epilepsy May Offer Innovative Therapeutic Opportunity for Monoaminergic Multi-Target Drugs. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:492. [PMID: 27891070 PMCID: PMC5102907 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of experimental and clinical evidence has strongly suggested that monoamines play an important role in regulating epileptogenesis, seizure susceptibility, convulsions, and comorbid psychiatric disorders commonly seen in people with epilepsy (PWE). However, neither the relative significance of individual monoamines nor their interaction has yet been fully clarified due to the complexity of these neurotransmitter systems. In addition, epilepsy is diverse, with many different seizure types and epilepsy syndromes, and the role played by monoamines may vary from one condition to another. In this review, we will focus on the role of serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, histamine, and melatonin in epilepsy. Recent experimental, clinical, and genetic evidence will be reviewed in consideration of the mutual relationship of monoamines with the other putative neurotransmitters. The complexity of epileptic pathogenesis may explain why the currently available drugs, developed according to the classic drug discovery paradigm of "one-molecule-one-target," have turned out to be effective only in a percentage of PWE. Although, no antiepileptic drugs currently target specifically monoaminergic systems, multi-target directed ligands acting on different monoaminergic proteins, present on both neurons and glia cells, may represent a new approach in the management of seizures, and their generation as well as comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilse J. Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussels, Belgium
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of MaltaMsida, Malta
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18
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Kasap M, Can ÖD. Opioid system mediated anti-nociceptive effect of agomelatine in mice. Life Sci 2016; 163:55-63. [PMID: 27590609 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was planned to examine the antinociceptive efficacy of agomelatine against acute mechanical, thermal, and chemical nociceptive stimuli, as well as to determine the opioid receptor subtypes mediating these effects. MAIN METHODS Tail-clip, hot-plate, and acetic acid-induced writhing tests were performed to evaluate anti-nociceptive effect. Besides, possible effect of agomelatine on the motor coordination of animals was assessed with a Rota-rod test. KEY FINDINGS Agomelatine (40mg/kg and 60mg/kg) significantly prolonged the reaction time of mice in both the tail-clip and hot-plate tests, suggesting the antinociceptive activity is related to both spinal and supraspinal mechanisms. This drug also reduced the number of writhing behaviors indicating the presence of a peripherally mediated antinociceptive effect. Rota-rod testing displayed no notable effect on the motor activity of the animal supporting the conclusion that the observed antinociceptive effect is specific. The agomelatine-induced antinociceptive activity abrogated following pretreatment with naloxone (a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, 5.48mg/kg, i.p.), which suggested the participation of opioid mechanisms to the antinociception. The possible contribution of μ, δ and ҡ subtypes of opioid receptors to the anti-nociceptive effect were evaluated using naloxonazine (7mg/kg, s.c.), naltrindole (0.99mg/kg, i.p.), and nor-binaltorphimine (1.03mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. Pretreatments using these antagonists abolished the antinociceptive activity of agomelatine in all of the nociceptive test paradigms used, which pointed out that μ, δ, and ҡ opioid receptors participated to the action of agomelatine on pain. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of agomelatine in the treatment of pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kasap
- Anadolu University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
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19
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Mosińska P, Socała K, Nieoczym D, Laudon M, Storr M, Fichna J, Wlaź P. Anticonvulsant activity of melatonin, but not melatonin receptor agonists Neu-P11 and Neu-P67, in mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 307:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Rocha AKADA, de Lima E, do Amaral FG, Peres R, Cipolla-Neto J, Amado D. Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy alters the expression and daily variation of the nuclear receptor RORα in the hippocampus of rats. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 55:38-46. [PMID: 26731717 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that there is an increase in the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Further, the seizures follow a circadian rhythmicity. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) is related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant enzyme expression and is part of the machinery of the biological clock and circadian rhythms. However, the participation of RORα in this neurological disorder has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the RORα mRNA and protein content profiles in the hippocampus of rats submitted to a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model at different time points throughout the 24-h light-dark cycle analyzing the influence of the circadian rhythm in the expression pattern during the acute, silent, and chronic phases of the experimental model. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry results showed that RORα mRNA and protein expressions were globally reduced in both acute and silent phases of the pilocarpine model. However, 60days after the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (chronic phase), the mRNA expression was similar to the control except for the time point 3h after the lights were turned off, and no differences were found in immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that the status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine is able to change the expression and daily variation of RORα in the rat hippocampal area during the acute and silent phases. These findings enhance our understanding of the circadian pattern present in seizures as well as facilitate strategies for the treatment of seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliangela de Lima
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Peres
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Amado
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Tchekalarova J, Moyanova S, Fusco AD, Ngomba RT. The role of the melatoninergic system in epilepsy and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Brain Res Bull 2015; 119:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Dastgheib M, Moezi L. Acute and chronic effects of agomelatine on intravenous penthylenetetrazol-induced seizure in mice and the probable role of nitric oxide. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 736:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Orban G, Bombardi C, Marino Gammazza A, Colangeli R, Pierucci M, Pomara C, Pessia M, Bucchieri F, Arcangelo B, Smolders I, De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G. Role(s) of the 5-HT2C receptor in the development of maximal dentate activation in the hippocampus of anesthetized rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:651-61. [PMID: 24935789 PMCID: PMC6493041 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Substantial evidence indicates that 5-HT2C receptors are involved in the control of neuronal network excitability and in seizure pathophysiology. Here, we have addressed the relatively unexplored relationship between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most frequent type of intractable epilepsy, and 5-HT2CRs. METHODS In this study, we investigated this issue using a model of partial complex (limbic) seizures in urethane-anesthetized rat, based on the phenomenon of maximal dentate activation (MDA) using 5-HT2C compounds, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting techniques. RESULTS The 5-HT2C agonists mCPP (1 mg/kg, i.p) and lorcaserin (3 mg/kg, i.p), but not RO60-0175 (1-3 mg/kg i.p.), were antiepileptogenic reducing the MDA response duration. The selective 5-HT2C antagonist SB242084 (2 mg/kg, i.p) unveiled antiepileptogenic effects of RO60-0175 (3 mg/kg, i.p) but did not alter those induced by mCPP and lorcaserin. Compared with control rats, electrically stimulated rats showed an increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase levels and a heterogeneous decrease in 5-HT2CR immunoreactivity in different hippocampal areas. CONCLUSIONS In our animal model of TLE, mCPP and lorcaserin were anticonvulsant; likely acting on receptor subtypes other than 5-HT2C. Epileptogenesis induced early adaptive changes and reorganization in the 5-HT2CR and GABA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Orban
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze ClinicheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
- Istituto Euro‐Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
| | - Cristiano Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze ClinicheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
- Istituto Euro‐Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
| | - Roberto Colangeli
- Department of Physiology and BiochemistryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
| | - Massimo Pierucci
- Istituto Euro‐Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
- Department of Physiology and BiochemistryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Department of AnatomyFaculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
- Department of Forensic PathologyUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Department of Internal MedicineSection of Human PhysiologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze ClinicheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
- Istituto Euro‐Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
| | - Benigno Arcangelo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze ClinicheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Center for Neurosciences C4NVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Istituto Euro‐Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST)PalermoItaly
- Department of Physiology and BiochemistryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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24
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Vimala PV, Bhutada PS, Patel FR. Therapeutic potential of agomelatine in epilepsy and epileptic complications. Med Hypotheses 2013; 82:105-10. [PMID: 24314750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder which often induces numerous adverse long-term neurologic effects, such as behavioral and cognitive deficits, increased predisposition to additional seizures, and cell injury or death. Cognitive dysfunction, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders are some of the highly prevalent and most disabling complications of epilepsy. The mechanisms that lead to the generation of epileptic comorbidities are poorly understood. Treatment for epileptic complications still remains a challenge because of the poor adherence and drug interactions associated with multi drug prescriptions and also for the fear of worsening seizures by the individual medications for complications. Melatonin, an endogenous hormone secreted by pineal gland has a prominent role in epilepsy. Agomelatine is a novel antidepressant which acts as melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist and serotonin 5Ht2C receptor antagonist. The combined action at MT1/2 and 5HT2C receptors, reduction in the depolarization-evoked release of glutamate, strong neuroprotective action and possible antioxidant properties of agomelatine could make it a potential agent in the treatment of epilepsy. The effect of agomelatine on hippocampal neuronal cell survival and neurogenesis, neuroprotective effect in hippocampus and frontal cortex and the antioxidant potential may contribute to the protective action of agomelatine against epilepsy induced memory decline. Agomelatine is proven to be an antidepressant and it has relieved anxiety symptoms and improved the quality of sleep in patients with depressive disorder. The action of agomelatine as a melatonin agonist and the consequent circadian resynchronizing property as well as its action as 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, could possibly suggest an antidepressant and anxiolytic action of agomelatine in epilepsy induced depressive behavior and anxiety. Since one of the many causes of sleep disruption in epilepsy is circadian rhythm disturbances and sleep promoting and circadian effects of melatonin is attributed to the MT1 and MT2 subtypes of human melatonin receptors, agomelatine may also have a promising effect on epilepsy induced sleep disruptions. Thus with all these potential pharmacological actions, agomelatine could be recommended as a potential drug to treat epilepsy and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Vimala
- Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Post-Graduate Research Department, Off Sinhgad Road, Vadgaon (Bk), Pune 411 041, Maharashtra, India.
| | - P S Bhutada
- Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Post-Graduate Research Department, Off Sinhgad Road, Vadgaon (Bk), Pune 411 041, Maharashtra, India
| | - F R Patel
- Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Post-Graduate Research Department, Off Sinhgad Road, Vadgaon (Bk), Pune 411 041, Maharashtra, India
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25
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Forcelli PA, Soper C, Duckles A, Gale K, Kondratyev A. Melatonin potentiates the anticonvulsant action of phenobarbital in neonatal rats. Epilepsy Res 2013; 107:217-23. [PMID: 24206906 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenobarbital is the most commonly utilized drug for neonatal seizures. However, questions regarding safety and efficacy of this drug make it particularly compelling to identify adjunct therapies that could boost therapeutic benefit. One potential adjunct therapy is melatonin. Melatonin is used clinically in neonatal and pediatric populations, and moreover, it exerts anticonvulsant actions in adult rats. However, it has not been previously evaluated for anticonvulsant effects in neonatal rats. Here, we tested the hypothesis that melatonin would exert anticonvulsant effects, either alone, or in combination with phenobarbital. Postnatal day (P)7 rats were treated with phenobarbital (0-40mg/kg) and/or melatonin (0-80mg/kg) prior to chemoconvulsant challenge with pentylenetetrazole (100mg/kg). We found that melatonin significantly potentiated the anticonvulsant efficacy of phenobarbital, but did not exert anticonvulsant effects on its own. These data provide additional evidence for the further examination of melatonin as an adjunct therapy in neonatal/pediatric epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Forcelli
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, United States.
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The effects of the Brazilian antDinoponera quadriceps venom on chemically induced seizure models. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:141-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effects of agomelatine on oxidative stress in the brain of mice after chemically induced seizures. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:825-35. [PMID: 23801192 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Agomelatine is a novel antidepressant drug with melatonin receptor agonist and 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist properties. We analyzed whether agomelatine has antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activity of agomelatine (25, 50, or 75 mg/kg, i.p.) or melatonin (50 mg/kg) was investigated by measuring lipid peroxidation levels, nitrite content, and catalase activities in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of Swiss mice pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (85 mg/kg, i.p.), pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p.), picrotoxin (PTX) (7 mg/kg, i.p.), or strychnine (75 mg/kg, i.p.) induced seizure models. In the pilocarpine-induced seizure model, all dosages of agomelatine or melatonin showed a significant decrease in TBARS levels and nitrite content in all brain areas when compared to controls. In the strychnine-induced seizure model, all dosages of agomelatine and melatonin decreased TBARS levels in all brain areas, and agomelatine at low doses (25 or 50 mg/kg) and melatonin decreased nitrite contents, but only agomelatine at 25 or 50 mg/kg showed a significant increase in catalase activity in three brain areas when compared to controls. Neither melatonin nor agomelatine at any dose have shown no antioxidant effects on parameters of oxidative stress produced by PTX- or PTZ-induced seizure models when compared to controls. Our results suggest that agomelatine has antioxidant activity as shown in strychnine- or pilocarpine-induced seizure models.
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Cardinali DP, Vidal MF, Vigo DE. Agomelatine: Its Role in the Management of Major Depressive Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4137/cmpsy.s7989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm abnormalities, as shown by sleep/wake cycle disturbances, constitute one the most prevalent signs of depressive illness; advances or delays in the circadian phase are documented in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder (SAD). The disturbances in the amplitude and phase of rhythm in melatonin secretion that occur in patients with depression resemble those seen in chronobiological disorders, thus suggesting a link between disturbed melatonin secretion and depressed mood. Based on this, agomelatine, the first MT1/MT2 melatonergic agonist displaying also 5-HT2C serotonergic antagonism, has been introduced as an antidepressant. Agomelatine has been shown to be effective in several animal models of depression and anxiety and it has beneficial effects in patients with MDD, bipolar disorder, or SAD. Among agomelatine's characteristics are a rapid onset of action and a pronounced effectiveness for correcting circadian rhythm abnormalities and improving the sleep/wake cycle. Agomelatine also improves the 3 functional dimensions of depression—emotional, cognitive, and social—thus aiding in the full recovery of patients to a normal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Cardinali
- Department of Teaching and Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F. Vidal
- Department of Teaching and Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel E. Vigo
- Department of Teaching and Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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