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Bonilla-Jaime H, Zeleke H, Rojas A, Espinosa-Garcia C. Sleep Disruption Worsens Seizures: Neuroinflammation as a Potential Mechanistic Link. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12531. [PMID: 34830412 PMCID: PMC8617844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness, are common in people diagnosed with epilepsy. These disturbances can be attributed to nocturnal seizures, psychosocial factors, and/or the use of anti-epileptic drugs with sleep-modifying side effects. Epilepsy patients with poor sleep quality have intensified seizure frequency and disease progression compared to their well-rested counterparts. A better understanding of the complex relationship between sleep and epilepsy is needed, since approximately 20% of seizures and more than 90% of sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy occur during sleep. Emerging studies suggest that neuroinflammation, (e.g., the CNS immune response characterized by the change in expression of inflammatory mediators and glial activation) may be a potential link between sleep deprivation and seizures. Here, we review the mechanisms by which sleep deprivation induces neuroinflammation and propose that neuroinflammation synergizes with seizure activity to worsen neurodegeneration in the epileptic brain. Additionally, we highlight the relevance of sleep interventions, often overlooked by physicians, to manage seizures, prevent epilepsy-related mortality, and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Área de Biología Conductual y Reproductiva, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico CP 09340, Mexico;
| | - Helena Zeleke
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Asheebo Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Seizure-Induced Oxidative Stress in Status Epilepticus: Is Antioxidant Beneficial? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111029. [PMID: 33105652 PMCID: PMC7690410 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder which affects patients physically and mentally and causes a real burden for the patient, family and society both medically and economically. Currently, more than one-third of epilepsy patients are still under unsatisfied control, even with new anticonvulsants. Other measures may be added to those with drug-resistant epilepsy. Excessive neuronal synchronization is the hallmark of epileptic activity and prolonged epileptic discharges such as in status epilepticus can lead to various cellular events and result in neuronal damage or death. Unbalanced oxidative status is one of the early cellular events and a critical factor to determine the fate of neurons in epilepsy. To counteract excessive oxidative damage through exogenous antioxidant supplements or induction of endogenous antioxidative capability may be a reasonable approach for current anticonvulsant therapy. In this article, we will introduce the critical roles of oxidative stress and further discuss the potential use of antioxidants in this devastating disease.
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Macáková K, Afonso R, Saso L, Mladěnka P. The influence of alkaloids on oxidative stress and related signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:429-444. [PMID: 30703480 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids have always attracted scientific interest due to either their positive or negative effects on human beings. This review aims to summarize their antioxidant effects by both classical in vitro scavenging assay and at the cellular level. Since most in vitro studies used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, the results from those studies are summed up in the first part of the article. In the second part, available data on the effect of alkaloids on NADPH-oxidase, the key enzyme for reactive oxygen species production, at the cellular level, are summarized. More than 130 alkaloids were tested by DPPH assay. However, due to methodological differences, a direct comparison is hardly possible. It can be at least concluded that some of them were either similar to or even more active than standard antioxidants and the number of aromatic hydroxyl groups seems to be the major determinant for the activity. The data on inhibition of NADPH-oxidase activity by alkaloids demonstrated that there is little relationship to the DPPH assay. The mechanism seems to be based on inhibition of synthesis, activation or translocation of NADPH-oxidase subunits. In some alkaloids, activation of the nuclear factor Nrf2 pathway was documented to be the grounds for inhibition of NADPH-oxidase. Interestingly, many alkaloids can behave both as anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants depending on conditions and pro-oxidation might be the reason for activation of Nrf2. Available data on other "antioxidant" transcription factors FOXOs and PPARs are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Rita Afonso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Lahtinen A, Puttonen S, Vanttola P, Viitasalo K, Sulkava S, Pervjakova N, Joensuu A, Salo P, Toivola A, Härmä M, Milani L, Perola M, Paunio T. A distinctive DNA methylation pattern in insufficient sleep. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1193. [PMID: 30718923 PMCID: PMC6362278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Short sleep duration or insomnia may lead to an increased risk of various psychiatric and cardio-metabolic conditions. Since DNA methylation plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression, studies of differentially methylated positions (DMPs) might be valuable for understanding the mechanisms underlying insomnia. We performed a cross-sectional genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in relation to self-reported insufficient sleep in individuals from a community-based sample (79 men, aged 39.3 ± 7.3), and in relation to shift work disorder in an occupational cohort (26 men, aged 44.9 ± 9.0). The analysis of DNA methylation data revealed that genes corresponding to selected DMPs form a distinctive pathway: "Nervous System Development" (FDR P value < 0.05). We found that 78% of the DMPs were hypomethylated in cases in both cohorts, suggesting that insufficient sleep may be associated with loss of DNA methylation. A karyoplot revealed clusters of DMPs at various chromosomal regions, including 12 DMPs on chromosome 17, previously associated with Smith-Magenis syndrome, a rare condition comprising disturbed sleep and inverse circadian rhythm. Our findings give novel insights into the DNA methylation patterns associated with sleep loss, possibly modifying processes related to neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lahtinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 590, FIN-00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sampsa Puttonen
- Work Ability and Working Career, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, FI-00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Vanttola
- Work Ability and Working Career, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, FI-00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sonja Sulkava
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 590, FIN-00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia Pervjakova
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Anni Joensuu
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Salo
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Toivola
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Work Ability and Working Career, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, FI-00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 590, FIN-00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
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Yuan F, Yang F, Jia R, Li W, Jiang Y, Zhao J, Jiang W. Multimodal Predictions of Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus and Outcome in Status Epilepticus Due to Acute Encephalitis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:832. [PMID: 30349506 PMCID: PMC6186801 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most critical symptoms of encephalitis. Studies on early predictions of progression to super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) and poor outcome in SE due to acute encephalitis are scarce. We aimed to investigate the values of neuroimaging and continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) in the multimodal prediction. Methods: Consecutive patients with convulsive SE due to acute encephalitis were included in this study. Demographics, clinical features, neuro-imaging characteristics, medical interventions, and anti-epileptic treatment responses were collected. All the patients had EEG monitoring for at least 24 h. We determined the early predictors of SRSE and prognostic factors of 3-month outcome using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: From March 2008 to February 2018, 570 patients with acute encephalitis were admitted to neurological intensive care unit (N-ICU) of Xijing hospital. Among them, a total of 94 patients with SE were included in this study. The percentage of non-SRSE and SRSE were 76.6 and 23.4%. Cortical or hippocampal abnormality on neuroimaging (p = 0.002, OR 20.55, 95% CI 3.16-133.46) and END-IT score (p < 0.001, OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.91-8.67) were independent predictors of the progression to SRSE. At 3 months after N-ICU discharge, 56 (59.6%) patients attained good outcomes, and 38 (40.4%) patients had poor outcomes. The recurrence of clinical or EEG seizures within 2 h after the infusion rate of a single anesthetic drug >50% proposed maximal dose (p = 0.044, OR 4.52, 95% CI 1.04-19.68), tracheal intubation (p = 0.011, OR 4.99, 95% CI 1.37-11.69) and emergency resuscitation (p = 0.040, OR 9.80, 95% 1.11-86.47) predicted poor functional outcome. Interpretation: Initial neuro-imaging findings assist early identification of the progression to SRSE. Continuous EEG monitoring contributes to outcome prediction in SE due to acute encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruihua Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongli Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Brianza-Padilla M, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Vázquez-Palacios G, Huang F, Almanza-Pérez JC, Bojalil R, Bonilla-Jaime H. Cytokine and microRNA levels during different periods of paradoxical sleep deprivation and sleep recovery in rats. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5567. [PMID: 30225174 PMCID: PMC6139242 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep has a fundamental role in the regulation of homeostasis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different periods of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and recovery on serum levels of cytokines and miRNAs related to inflammatory responses. Methods Male Wistar rats were submitted to a PSD of 24, 96, or 192 h, or of 192 h followed by 20 days of recovery (192 h PSD+R). The concentrations of corticosterone, cytokines (IL-6, TNF, IL-10, Adiponectin) and miRNAs (miR-146a, miR-155, miR-223, miR-16, miR-126, miR-21) in serum were evaluated. Results At PSD 24 h a significant increase of IL-6 and decrease of IL-10 were observed. At PSD 96h adiponectin increased. At 192 h of PSD IL-6 increased significantly again, accompanied by a threefold increase of IL-10 and an increase of serum corticosterone. After 20 days of recovery (192 h PSD+R) corticosterone, IL-6 and TNF levels increased significantly, while IL-10 decreased also significantly. Regarding the miRNAs at 24 h of PSD serum miR-146a, miR-155, miR-223, and miR-16 levels all increased. At 96 h of PSD miR-223 decreased. At 192 h of PSD decreases in miR-16 and miR-126 were observed. After recovery serum miR-21 increased and miR-16 decreased. Conclusion PSD induces a dynamic response likely reflecting the induced cellular stress and manifested as variating hormonal and inflammatory responses. Sleep deprivation disturbed corticosterone, cytokine and miRNA levels in serum related to the duration of sleep deprivation, as short-term PSD produced effects similar to those of an acute inflammatory response and long-term PSD induced long-lasting disturbances of biological mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malinalli Brianza-Padilla
- Posgrado en Biologia Experimental, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Vázquez-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Farmacología y Toxicología, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Julio César Almanza-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rafael Bojalil
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biologia de la Reproducción, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Carmona-Aparicio L, Zavala-Tecuapetla C, González-Trujano ME, Sampieri AI, Montesinos-Correa H, Granados-Rojas L, Floriano-Sánchez E, Coballase-Urrutía E, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N. Status epilepticus: Using antioxidant agents as alternative therapies. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1957-1962. [PMID: 27698680 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epileptic state, or status epilepticus (SE), is the most serious situation manifested by individuals with epilepsy, and SE events can lead to neuronal damage. An understanding of the molecular, biochemical and physiopathological mechanisms involved in this type of neurological disease will enable the identification of specific central targets, through which novel agents may act and be useful as SE therapies. Currently, studies have focused on the association between oxidative stress and SE, the most severe epileptic condition. A number of these studies have suggested the use of antioxidant compounds as alternative therapies or adjuvant treatments for the epileptic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Zavala-Tecuapetla
- Laboratory of Physiology of The Reticular Formation Reticular, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Aristides Iii Sampieri
- Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04150, Mexico
| | | | - Leticia Granados-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Esaú Floriano-Sánchez
- Military School of Graduate of Health, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Secretariat of National Defense, Mexico City 11270, Mexico
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Sleep deprivation and oxidative stress in animal models: a systematic review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:234952. [PMID: 25945148 PMCID: PMC4402503 DOI: 10.1155/2015/234952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Because the function and mechanisms of sleep are partially clear, here we applied a meta-analysis to address the issue whether sleep function includes antioxidative properties in mice and rats. Given the expansion of the knowledge in the sleep field, it is indeed ambitious to describe all mammals, or other animals, in which sleep shows an antioxidant function. However, in this paper we reviewed the current understanding from basic studies in two species to drive the hypothesis that sleep is a dynamic-resting state with antioxidative properties. We performed a systematic review of articles cited in Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2015 using the following search terms: Sleep or sleep deprivation and oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, nitric oxide, catalase or superoxide dismutase. We found a total of 266 studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 44 articles were included, which are presented and discussed in this study. The complex relationship between sleep duration and oxidative stress is discussed. Further studies should consider molecular and genetic approaches to determine whether disrupted sleep promotes oxidative stress.
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Pecorelli A, Natrella F, Belmonte G, Miracco C, Cervellati F, Ciccoli L, Mariottini A, Rocchi R, Vatti G, Bua A, Canitano R, Hayek J, Forman H, Valacchi G. NADPH oxidase activation and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal/aquaporin-4 adducts as possible new players in oxidative neuronal damage presents in drug-resistant epilepsy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:507-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Matos G, Scorza FA, Mazzotti DR, Guindalini C, Cavalheiro EA, Tufik S, Andersen ML. The effects of sleep deprivation on microRNA expression in rats submitted to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 51:159-65. [PMID: 24530830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder with significant prevalence and the individuals affected by this disease have a great probability of occurrence of a lethal phenomenon known as Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). SUDEP occurs mainly during the night and probably during sleep. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this lethal phenomenon are still obscure and new evidences that could corroborate in this area are warranted. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sleep deprivation in the expression of microRNA (miRNA) in the frontal cortex and heart tissues of adult male rats after 50days of saline (SAL) or pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (PILO). Initially 389 miRNA expressions were evaluated between SAL and PILO groups by microarray. Subsequently, 3 differentially expressed miRNAs of each tissue were investigated after total sleep deprivation (TSD 6h) and paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD 24h). Still, it was analyzed that the effects of sleep rebound with equivalent duration of PSD and TSD. There was a significant increase of miR-146a expression, an important inflammatory modulator in the frontal cortex of PILO rats when compared to SAL animals. Animals treated with pilocarpine were affected by TSD (through overexpression of miRNAs related to inflammatory process) and these changes were maintained even after a sleep window of 6h. In contrast, miRNAs associated with heart diseases were down-regulated in PSD rebound, suggesting a possible restoration of homeostasis in cardiovascular system of SAL and PILO groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Matos
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Departamento de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego R Mazzotti
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Guindalini
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper A Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pineda E, Jentsch JD, Shin D, Griesbach G, Sankar R, Mazarati A. Behavioral impairments in rats with chronic epilepsy suggest comorbidity between epilepsy and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 31:267-75. [PMID: 24262783 PMCID: PMC3946735 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is encountered among patients with epilepsy at a significantly higher rate than in the general population. Mechanisms of epilepsy-ADHD comorbidity remain largely unknown. We investigated whether a model of chronic epilepsy in rats produces signs of ADHD, and thus, whether it can be used for studying mechanisms of this comorbidity. Epilepsy was induced in male Wistar rats via pilocarpine status epilepticus. Half of the animals exhibited chronic ADHD-like abnormalities, particularly increased impulsivity and diminished attention in the lateralized reaction-time task. These impairments correlated with the suppressed noradrenergic transmission in locus coeruleus outputs. The other half of animals exhibited depressive behavior in the forced swimming test congruently with the diminished serotonergic transmission in raphe nucleus outputs. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depressive behavior appeared mutually exclusive. Therefore, the pilocarpine model of epilepsy affords a system for reproducing and studying mechanisms of comorbidity between epilepsy and both ADHD and/or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pineda
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - J. David Jentsch
- Department of Psychology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Don Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Grace Griesbach
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Raman Sankar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute
| | - Andrey Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA; UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, USA.
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