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Badawi GA, Shokr MM, Elshazly SM, Zaki HF, Mohamed AF. "Sigma-1 receptor modulation by clemastine highlights its repurposing as neuroprotective agent against seizures and cognitive deficits in PTZ-kindled rats". Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176851. [PMID: 39084454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures alongside other neurological comorbidities. Cognitive impairment is the most frequent comorbidity secondary to progressive neurologic changes in epilepsy. Sigma 1 receptors (σ1 receptors) are involved in the neuroprotection and pathophysiology of both conditions and targeting these receptors may have the potential to modulate both seizures and comorbidities. The current research demonstrated the effect of clemastine (10 mg/kg, P.O.), a non-selective σ1 receptor agonist, on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (35 mg/kg, i.p., every 48 h for 14 doses)-kindling rats by acting on σ1 receptors through its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant capacity. Clemastine and phenytoin (30 mg/kg, P.O.) or their combination were given once daily. Clemastine treatment showed a significant effect on neurochemical, behavioural, and histopathological analyses through modulation of σ1 receptors. It protected the kindling animals from seizures and attenuated their cognitive impairment in the Morris water maze test by reversing the PTZ hippocampal neuroinflammation/oxidative stress state through a significant increase in inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), along with a reduction of total reactive oxygen species (TROS) and amyloid beta protein (Aβ). The involvement of σ1 receptors in the protective effects of clemastine was confirmed by their abrogation when utilizing NE-100, a selective σ1 receptor antagonist. In light of our findings, modulating σ1 receptors emerges as a compelling therapeutic strategy for epilepsy and its associated cognitive impairments. The significant neuroprotective effects observed with clemastine underscore the potential of σ1 receptor-targeted treatments to address both the primary symptoms and comorbidities of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Badawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University- Arish Branch, Arish, 45511, Egypt
| | - Mustafa M Shokr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University- Arish Branch, Arish, 45511, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa M Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, 46612, Egypt
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Ergul Erkec O, Yunusoglu O, Huyut Z. Evaluation of repeated ghrelin administration on seizures, oxidative stress and neurochemical parameters in pentyleneterazole induced kindling in rats. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:420-428. [PMID: 35903909 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Epileptic seizures are thought to be caused by the impaired balance between excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitor [gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)] neurotransmitters in the brain. Neuropeptides have potent modulator properties on these neurotransmitters.Objective: Ghrelin exerts anticonvulsant effects in an acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model. However, the effect of repeated ghrelin injections in chronic pentylenetetrazole kindling model is not known. In this study, the effects of repeated ghrelin administration on seizure scores, working memory, locomotor activity, oxidative biomarkers, and neurochemical parameters in PTZ kindling in rats was examined.Methods: For this purpose, 35 mg/kg of PTZ was administered intraperitoneally to the experimental groups. The rats also received physiological saline/diazepam or ghrelin before each PTZ injection. After behavioural analysis (Y-maze, rotarod, and locomotor activity tests), biochemical and neurochemical analyses were conducted using ELISA.Results: PTZ administration induced progression in the seizure scores and all of the rats in the PS + PTZ group were kindled with the 20th injection. Ghrelin treatment significantly reduced the seizure scores. The difference among the groups in terms of the Y-maze, locomotor activity, and rotarod tests was nonsignificant. PTZ administration significantly decreased the brain GABA, CAT, and AChE levels, and increased the MDA, NO, and protein carbonyl levels. Repeated ghrelin treatment ameliorated the GABA, AChE, CAT, MDA, NO, and protein carbonyl levels.Conclusion: Taken together, the results indicated that repeated ghrelin treatment had antioxidant, and anticonvulsant activity on PTZ kindling in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ergul Erkec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Oruc Yunusoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Jain A, Ralta A, Batra G, Joshi R, Garg N, Bhatia A, Medhi B, Chakrabarti A, Prakash A. SEW2871 reduces seizures via the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 pathway in the pentylenetetrazol and phenobarbitone kindling model of drug-refractory epilepsy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13839. [PMID: 38302080 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by neuronal hypersynchronous discharge in the brain, leading to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Despite the availability of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), resistance to AEDs is the greatest challenge in treating epilepsy. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate-receptor 1 (S1PR1) in drug-resistant epilepsy is unexplored. This study investigated the effects of SEW2871, a potent S1PR1 agonist, on a phenobarbitone (PHB)-resistant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled Wistar rat model. We measured the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of multi-drug resistance 1 (MDR1) and multi-drug resistance protein 5 (MRP5) as indicators for drug resistance. Rats received PHB + PTZ for 62 days to develop a drug-resistant epilepsy model. From day 48, SEW2871 (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) was administered for 14 days. Seizure scoring, behaviour, oxidative markers like reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, inflammatory markers like interleukin 1 beta tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma and mRNA expression (MDR1 and MRP5) were assessed, and histopathological assessments were conducted. SEW2871 demonstrated dose-dependent improvements in seizure scoring and neurobehavioral parameters with a reduction in oxidative and inflammation-induced neuronal damage. The S1PR1 agonist also downregulated MDR1 and MRP5 gene expression and significantly decreased the number of dark-stained pyknotic nuclei and increased cell density with neuronal rearrangement in the rat brain hippocampus. These findings suggest that SEW2871 might ameliorate epileptic symptoms by modulating drug resistance through downregulation of MDR1 and MRP5 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Jain
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arti Ralta
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gitika Batra
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupa Joshi
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Ambala, India
| | - Nitika Garg
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amitava Chakrabarti
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Danduga RCSR, Shaik HB, Polopalli S, Kola PK, Kanakaraju VK, Kandaswamy S. Tetramethylpyrazine contributes to the neuroprotection in a rodent epileptic model of pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:1163-1176. [PMID: 37100619 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was evaluated for its therapeutic potential as an alternative therapy for epileptogenesis and its associated comorbidities in rats. METHODS The sub-convulsant dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was injected on alternative days to produce kindling for 32 days and observed for seizure score percent of kindled animals in each group. After kindling, the animals were evaluated in models of anxiety, memory and predictive of depression. The neuroprotective effect of TMP was assessed by estimating the biochemical parameters in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. Histopathological alterations were also observed in the cortex and hippocampus (CA1, CA3 and DG). KEY FINDINGS The administration of TMP reduced the seizure score and percentage of kindled animals dose-dependently. Furthermore, TMP significantly improved the behavioural parameters measured in the predictive models of depression but not in the anxiety and cognitive performances of the animals. The oxidative-nitrosative stress, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and histological alterations in the brain induced by PTZ were significantly mitigated by administering the TMP high dose of 60 mg/kg. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the TMP attenuated the depression behaviour in the PTZ-induced kindled rats, and reduced the oxidative-nitrosative stress, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and histological alterations of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chandra Sekhara Reddy Danduga
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Habbeb Banu Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Subramanyam Polopalli
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Phani Kumar Kola
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijaya Kishore Kanakaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Surabhi Kandaswamy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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Khatoon S, Samim M, Dahalia M. Fisetin provides neuroprotection in pentylenetetrazole-induced cognition impairment by upregulating CREB/BDNF. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175583. [PMID: 36764352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fisetin is a flavonoid molecule known to be neuroprotective by its multiple mechanisms. The present study was designed to explore the effect of fisetin in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. METHODS Kindling was established by the intraperitoneal administration of PTZ in a subconvulsive dose (25 mg/kg). Mice were administered fisetin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) to study its probable cognition-enhancing effect. The kindled mice were evaluated for cognition using behavioral tests-elevated plus maze and passive avoidance response. Then, the oxidative stress markers, gene expressions and neurotransmitters levels were estimated in the hippocampus and cortex of mice. RESULTS Passive avoidance response and elevated plus maze paradigms showed that fisetin administration improved the cognitive function in kindled mice. The increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl were modulated upon fisetin administration through increasing the levels of antioxidants (reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) in the hippocampus and cortex of kindled mice. Upregulated gene expressions of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were observed in the hippocampus and cortex of fisetin-administered mice which play a crucial role in cognitive function. Furthermore, alterations of neurotransmitter levels (dopamine, GABA, and glutamate) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were ameliorated by fisetin administration in the hippocampus and cortex of kindled mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a therapeutic potential of fisetin against cognitive dysfunction associated with PTZ-induced kindling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Khatoon
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mansi Dahalia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Shi R, Gao D, Stoika R, Liu K, Sik A, Jin M. Potential implications of polyphenolic compounds in neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5491-5514. [PMID: 36524397 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2155106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are common chronic diseases related to progressive damage to the nervous system. Current neurodegenerative diseases present difficulties and despite extensive research efforts to develop new disease-modifying therapies, there is still no effective treatment for halting the neurodegenerative process. Polyphenols are biologically active organic compounds abundantly found in various plants. It has been reported that plant-derived dietary polyphenols may improve some disease states and promote health. Emerging pieces of evidence indicate that polyphenols are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to overview the potential neuroprotective roles of polyphenols in most common neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidie Shi
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daili Gao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Cardoso-Vera JD, Gómez-Oliván LM, Islas-Flores H, García-Medina S, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Orozco-Hernández JM, Heredia-García G, Rosales-Pérez KE, Galar-Martínez M. Multi-biomarker approach to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of phenytoin on adult zebrafish Danio rerio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155359. [PMID: 35460791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the presence of phenytoin (PHE) in wastewater treatment plant effluents, hospital effluents, surface water, and even drinking water. However, published studies on the toxic effects of PHE at environmentally relevant concentrations in aquatic organisms are scarce. The present study aimed to determine the effect of three environmentally relevant concentrations of PHE (25, 282, and 1500 ng L-1) on behavioral parameters using the novel tank test. Moreover, we also aimed to determine whether or not these concentrations of PHE may impair acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative status in the brain of Danio rerio adults. Behavioral responses suggested an anxiolytic effect in PHE-exposed organisms, mainly observed in organisms exposed to 1500 ng L-1, with a significant decrease in fish mobility and a significant increase in activity at the top of the tank. Besides the behavioral impairment, PHE-exposed fish also showed a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation, hydroperoxides, and protein carbonyl content compared to the control group. Moreover, a significant increase in brain AChE levels was observed in fish exposed to 282 and 1500 ng L-1. The results obtained in the present study show that PHE triggers a harmful response in the brain of fish, which in turn generates fish have an anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Daniel Cardoso-Vera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP 07700, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Heredia-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Karina Elisa Rosales-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP 07700, Mexico
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Bayrak G, Turkyilmaz IB, Yanardag R. The protective effect of vitamin U on pentylenetetrazole-induced brain damage in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23169. [PMID: 35833322 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is preferred for experimental epilepsy induction. PTZ damages brain and other organs by elevating oxidative substances. Vitamin U (Vit U) is sulfur derivative substance that proved to be an excellent antioxidant. The current study was intended to determine the protective role of Vit U on PTZ-induced brain damage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into four groups. The Control group (Group I), was given saline for 7 days intraperitoneally (i.p); Vit U (Group II) was given as 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days by gavage; PTZ was injected into animals (Group III) at a single dose of 60 mg/kg, by i.p; PTZ + Vit U group (Group IV) was administered PTZ and Vit U in same dose and time as aforementioned. After the experiment was terminated, brain tissues were taken for the preparation of homogenates. In the PTZ group, glutathione and lipid peroxidation levels, alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, acetylcholine esterase, antioxidant enzyme activities, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide levels were increased. However, total antioxidant capacity was decreased in the PTZ group. Vit U ameliorated these effects in the PTZ-induced brain damage. Consequently, we can suggest that Vit U protected brain tissue via its antioxidant feature against PTZ kindling epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hosseinzadeh A, Dehdashtian E, Jafari-Sabet M, Mehrzadi S. The effects of vitamin D3 and melatonin combination on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:118-124. [PMID: 35507790 DOI: 10.2174/1871524922666220429121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epileptic seizures are associated with the overproduction of free radicals in the brain leading to neuronal cell death. Therefore, reduction of oxidative stress may inhibit seizure-induced neuronal cell damage. Current study evaluated the effects of Vit D3 and melatonin and their combination on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced tonic clonic seizures in mice. METHODS Animals were divided into six groups. Group I was administrated with normal saline (0.5 ml, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) on the 15th day of experiment. Group II was injected with PTZ (60 mg/kg dissolved in 0.5 ml normal saline, i.p) on the 15th day. Groups III-IV were treated with diazepam (4 mg/kg/day), Vit D3 (6000 IU/kg/day), melatonin (20 mg/kg/day) and Vit D3 (6000 IU/kg/day)/melatonin (20 mg/kg/day), respectively, and were then injected with PTZ (60 mg/kg) on the 15th day of experiment. Immediately after the injection of PTZ on the 15th day, mice were observed for a 30-min period for the measurement of seizure latency and duration. For determination of oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in mouse brains. RESULTS Treatment with Vit D3, melatonin, and Vit D3/melatonin significantly increased seizure latency and decreased seizure duration. The brain level of MDA was lower and SOD activity was greater than the PTZ group. Mice treated with Vit D3/melatonin had lower seizure duration compared to other treated groups. CONCLUSIONS Combination of Vit D3 and melatonin may reduce seizure frequency in epileptic patients; this effect may result from various mechanisms including inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsanz Dehdashtian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari-Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Badawi GA, Shokr MM, Zaki HF, Mohamed AF. Pentoxifylline prevents epileptic seizure via modulating HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signalling pathway and improves memory in pentylenetetrazol kindling rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1111-1124. [PMID: 33899956 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic widely prevalent neurologic disorder, affecting brain functions with a broad spectrum of deleterious consequences. High mobility group box1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear non-histone protein that targets vital cell receptor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and advanced glycation end products (RAGE). HMGB1 mediated TLR4/RAGE cascade has been scored as a key culprit in neuroinflammatory signalling that critically evokes development of impaired cognition and epilepsy. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindling rats by its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant capacity and its impact on memory and cognition were investigated, too. PTZ was intraperitoneally injected 35 mg/kg, every 48 h, for 14 doses, to evoke kindling model. Phenytoin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and PTX (60 mg/kg, i.p.) or their combination were given once daily for 27 days. PTX treatment showed a statistically significant effect on behavioural, histopathological and neurochemical analysis. PTX protected the PTZ kindling rats from epileptic seizures and improved memory and cognitive impairment through the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Furthermore, PTX reversed PTZ hippocampal neuronal loss by decreasing protein expression of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), Tau and β site-amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), associated with a marked reduction in expression of inflammatory mediators such as HMGB1, TL4, and RAGE proteins. Furthermore, PTX inhibited hippocampal apoptotic caspase 1 protein, total reactive oxygen species (TROS) along with upregulated erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) content. In conclusion, PTX or its combination with phenytoin represent a promising drug to inhibit the epilepsy progression via targeting the HMGB1/TLR4/RAGE signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Badawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, EL-Arish, Egypt
| | - Mustafa M Shokr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, EL-Arish, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Lin CH, Hsieh CL. Chinese Herbal Medicine for Treating Epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682821. [PMID: 34276290 PMCID: PMC8284486 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine has a long history of use for treating epilepsy. Because of the side effects of Western antiepileptic therapy and the quest for more accessible treatment, complementary and alternative medicines have become popular. Traditional Chinese medical diet therapy appears to be safe and effective. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library through November 2020 for the use of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical settings, including plants, fungi, and animals. Combinations of keywords included “epilepsy,” “seizure,” “antiepileptic,” “anticonvulsive,” “Chinese herbal medicine,” “Chinese herb,” and each of the Latin names, English names, and scientific names of herbs. We also summarized the sources and functions of these herbs in Chinese medicine. Different herbs can be combined to increase antiepileptic effects through various mechanisms, including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, GABAergic effect enhancement, modulation of NMDA channels and sodium channel, and neuroprotection. Despite reports of their anticonvulsive effects, adequate experimental evidence and randomized controlled clinical trials are required to confirm their antiepileptic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Kumar R, Arora R, Sarangi SC, Ganeshan N S, Agarwal A, Kaleekal T, Gupta YK. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Centella asiatica with valproate and phenytoin in experimental models of epilepsy in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113784. [PMID: 33429032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Centella asiatica (CA) is commonly used herbal medicine for treatment of epilepsy. CA has CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes inhibition property and used as an adjuvant therapy with conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). That may be responsible for herb-drug interaction. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was planned to evaluate interactions profile of hydroalcoholic extract Centella asiatica (HECA) with antiepileptic drugs in experimental models of epilepsy in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats (175-200 g) were used. In the pharmacodynamic interaction study, seizures were induced using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and maximal electroshock seizure (MES) (70 mA for 0.2 s). The therapeutic and sub-therapeutic doses of valproate (VPA) and phenytoin (PHT) were co-administrated with HECA in PTZ and MES model of seizures respectively. Behavioural parameters were assessed using elevated plus maze test and passive avoidance paradigm. Rat brain oxidative stress parameters were also assessed. In the pharmacokinetic interaction study, the serum levels of the VPA and PHT were estimated at different time intervals by HPLC and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by WinNonlin software. RESULTS The VPA and PHT produced complete protection against seizures in their therapeutic doses but not with sub-therapeutic doses. However, co-administration of HECA with a sub-therapeutic dose of VPA and PHT enhanced the protection of seizures and significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated the seizure induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment. It also significantly increased (p < 0.001) serum levels of VPA and PHT. The alterations in pharmacokinetic parameters (maximum serum concentration, area under the curve, clearance) of AEDs were also found with co-administration of HECA. CONCLUSION The results suggested that co-administration of HECA could improve the therapeutic efficacy of VPA and PHT. But, alteration in pharmacokinetic parameters revel that needs critical medical supervision to avoid any toxic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shankar Ganeshan N
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Thomas Kaleekal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India.
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13
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He LY, Hu MB, Li RL, Zhao R, Fan LH, He L, Lu F, Ye X, Huang YL, Wu CJ. Natural Medicines for the Treatment of Epilepsy: Bioactive Components, Pharmacology and Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:604040. [PMID: 33746751 PMCID: PMC7969896 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.604040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disease that can cause temporary brain dysfunction as a result of sudden abnormal discharge of the brain neurons. The seizure mechanism of epilepsy is closely related to the neurotransmitter imbalance, synaptic recombination, and glial cell proliferation. In addition, epileptic seizures can lead to mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and the disorder of sugar degradation. Although the mechanism of epilepsy research has reached up to the genetic level, the presently available treatment and recovery records of epilepsy does not seem promising. Recently, natural medicines have attracted more researches owing to their low toxicity and side-effects as well as the excellent efficacy, especially in chronic diseases. In this study, the antiepileptic mechanism of the bioactive components of natural drugs was reviewed so as to provide a reference for the development of potential antiepileptic drugs. Based on the different treatment mechanisms of natural drugs considered in this review, it is possible to select drugs clinically. Improving the accuracy of medication and the cure rate is expected to compensate for the shortage of the conventional epilepsy treatment drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying He
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Bian Hu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Hong Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin He
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Liang Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Afzal O, Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, Altamimi ASA, Yang Z. Neuroprotective role of chrysin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle against kindling-induced epilepsy through Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22634. [PMID: 32991785 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin is the major bioactive compound of blue passionflower, an important medicinal plant used in traditional herbal formulations since ancient times. In the present study, we report that chrysin nanoparticles (chrysin NPs) protect Wistar rats against kindling-induced epilepsy. Nanoparticles of sizes less than 150 nm with a spherical shape were prepared using poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) and polyvinyl alcohol, respectively, as polymer and stabilizer. Rats were injected with subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) every second day, with 22 injections in total, and on the same days, they received protective doses of the chrysin NPs (5 and 10 µg/mL, PO), respectively, 45 min before each PTZ injection. After the last PTZ injection, an average of thirteen seizure scores was recorded. Animals were killed by decapitation 24 h after a seizure. The cortex and hippocampus were removed and stored in liquid nitrogen for determining oxidative stress terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, histopathology, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for messenger RNA expression. The result showed chrysin NPs treatment has counteracted oxidative stress, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective effect of chrysin NPs against kindling-induced epilepsy might be escorted by the alleviation of oxidative stress through the Nrf2/antioxidant response element/HO-1 pathway signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Management of antiepileptic drug-induced nutrition-related adverse effects. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:3491-3502. [PMID: 32661886 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are mainstay of the treatment of epilepsy, they are associated with significant adverse effects. The present study reviews the adverse effects of AEDs on some of the nutrition-related issues, including bone health, body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, vitamin homeostasis, antioxidant defense system, and pregnancy. This paper also provides some nutritional recommendations for people with epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy should be regularly evaluated with regard to their nutrition status and any possible nutritional problems. Daily intake of adequate amounts of all nutrients from various sources should be encouraged, especially for vulnerable groups such as children, adolescents, elderly, and pregnant women. When necessary, preventative or therapeutic supplementation with appropriate micronutrients could be helpful. Graphical abstract.
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Zhang J, He Y, Jiang X, Jiang H, Shen J. Nature brings new avenues to the therapy of central nervous system diseases—An overview of possible treatments derived from natural products. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1332-1367. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Therapeutic potential of naringin in neurological disorders. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110646. [PMID: 31252025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurological illnesses are multifactorial incurable debilitating disorders that may cause neurodegeneration. These diseases influence approximately 30 million people around the world. Despite several therapies, effective management of such disorders remains a global challenge. Thus, natural products might offer an alternative therapy for the treatment of various neurological disorders. Polyphenols, such as curcumin, resveratrol, myricetin, mangiferin and naringin (NRG) have been shown to possess promising potential in the treatment of neurogenerative illness. In this review, we have targeted the therapeutic potential of naringin as a neuroprotective agent. The overall neuroprotective effects and different possible underlying mechanisms related to NRG are discussed. In light of the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of NRG in various experimental paradigms, it is concluded that this molecule should be further considered and studied as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics, focusing on mechanistic and clinical trials to ascertain its efficacy.
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