1
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Linder S, Barcelona B. Get a grip: Podosomes as potential players in phagocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151356. [PMID: 37625234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes have been known for several decades as micron-sized, F-actin-rich structures that play a pivotal role in cell migration and invasion, as they are able to mediate both cell-matrix attachment as well as extracellular matrix degradation. Particularly in monocytic cells, podosomes have been shown to fulfill a variety of additional functions such as sensing of substrate rigidity and topography, or cell-cell fusion. Increasing evidence now points to the involvement of podosome-like structures also during phagocytosis by immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Here, we compare the different cell models and experimental set ups where "phagocytic podosomes" have been described. We also discuss the composition and architecture of these structures, their potential involvement in mechanosensing and particle disruption, as well as the pros and cons for addressing them as bona fide podosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bryan Barcelona
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Barbayianni I, Kanellopoulou P, Fanidis D, Nastos D, Ntouskou ED, Galaris A, Harokopos V, Hatzis P, Tsitoura E, Homer R, Kaminski N, Antoniou KM, Crestani B, Tzouvelekis A, Aidinis V. SRC and TKS5 mediated podosome formation in fibroblasts promotes extracellular matrix invasion and pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5882. [PMID: 37735172 PMCID: PMC10514346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation and accumulation of lung fibroblasts resulting in aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix components, is a pathogenic hallmark of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, a lethal and incurable disease. In this report, increased expression of TKS5, a scaffold protein essential for the formation of podosomes, was detected in the lung tissue of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis patients and bleomycin-treated mice. Τhe profibrotic milieu is found to induce TKS5 expression and the formation of prominent podosome rosettes in lung fibroblasts, that are retained ex vivo, culminating in increased extracellular matrix invasion. Tks5+/- mice are found resistant to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, largely attributed to diminished podosome formation in fibroblasts and decreased extracellular matrix invasion. As computationally predicted, inhibition of src kinase is shown to potently attenuate podosome formation in lung fibroblasts and extracellular matrix invasion, and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting pharmacological targeting of podosomes as a very promising therapeutic option in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilianna Barbayianni
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kanellopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Fanidis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Nastos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria-Dimitra Ntouskou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Galaris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaggelis Harokopos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Eliza Tsitoura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Robert Homer
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katerina M Antoniou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Department of Pulmonology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece.
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3
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Poh AR, Ernst M. Functional roles of SRC signaling in pancreatic cancer: Recent insights provide novel therapeutic opportunities. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02701-x. [PMID: 37120696 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignant disease with a 5-year survival rate of <10%. Aberrant activation or elevated expression of the tyrosine kinase c-SRC (SRC) is frequently observed in PDAC and is associated with a poor prognosis. Preclinical studies have revealed a multifaceted role for SRC activation in PDAC, including promoting chronic inflammation, tumor cell proliferation and survival, cancer cell stemness, desmoplasia, hypoxia, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Strategies to inhibit SRC signaling include suppressing its catalytic activity, inhibiting protein stability, or by interfering with signaling components of the SRC signaling pathway including suppressing protein interactions of SRC. In this review, we discuss the molecular and immunological mechanisms by which aberrant SRC activity promotes PDAC tumorigenesis. We also provide a comprehensive update of SRC inhibitors in the clinic, and discuss the clinical challenges associated with targeting SRC in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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4
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KIAA0319 influences cilia length, cell migration and mechanical cell-substrate interaction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:722. [PMID: 35031635 PMCID: PMC8760330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Following its association with dyslexia in multiple genetic studies, the KIAA0319 gene has been extensively investigated in different animal models but its function in neurodevelopment remains poorly understood. We developed the first human cellular knockout model for KIAA0319 in RPE1 retinal pigment epithelia cells via CRISPR-Cas9n to investigate its role in processes suggested but not confirmed in previous studies, including cilia formation and cell migration. We observed in the KIAA0319 knockout increased cilia length and accelerated cell migration. Using Elastic Resonator Interference Stress Microscopy (ERISM), we detected an increase in cellular force for the knockout cells that was restored by a rescue experiment. Combining ERISM and immunostaining we show that RPE1 cells exert highly dynamic, piconewton vertical pushing forces through actin-rich protrusions that are surrounded by vinculin-rich pulling sites. This protein arrangement and force pattern has previously been associated to podosomes in other cells. KIAA0319 depletion reduces the fraction of cells forming these actin-rich protrusions. Our results suggest an involvement of KIAA0319 in cilia biology and cell-substrate force regulation.
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5
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Dissecting the Inorganic Nanoparticle-Driven Interferences on Adhesome Dynamics. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt2030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles have emerged as an attractive theranostic tool applied to different pathologies such as cancer. However, the increment in inorganic nanoparticle application in biomedicine has prompted the scientific community to assess their potential toxicities, often preventing them from entering clinical settings. Cytoskeleton network and the related adhesomes nest are present in most cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and cell death. The nanoparticle treatment can interfere with the cytoskeleton and adhesome dynamics, thus inflicting cellular damage. Therefore, it is crucial dissecting the molecular mechanisms involved in nanoparticle cytotoxicity. This review will briefly address the main characteristics of different adhesion structures and focus on the most relevant effects of inorganic nanoparticles with biomedical potential on cellular adhesome dynamics. Besides, the review put into perspective the use of inorganic nanoparticles for cytoskeleton targeting or study as a versatile tool. The dissection of the molecular mechanisms involved in the nanoparticle-driven interference of adhesome dynamics will facilitate the future development of nanotheranostics targeting cytoskeleton and adhesomes to tackle several diseases, such as cancer.
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6
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Chen H, Li L, He S, Sa G. Podosome formation in the murine palatal mucosae: Its proteolytic role in rete peg formation. Ann Anat 2021; 235:151703. [PMID: 33600951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basement membrane remodeling is an indispensable factor for oral mucosal rete peg formation, but how the basement membrane is remodeled remains unclear. Our previous study indicated that keratinocyte growth factor induces the assembly of podosomes, which are dynamic organelles critical for matrix remodeling in human immortalized oral epithelial cells. This study explores podosome formation and its role in basement membrane remodeling during murine oral mucosal rete peg formation. METHODS Perinatal murine palatal tissue slices were obtained from embryonic day 17.5 (E 17.5) to postnatal day 10.5 (P 10.5) BALB/c mice. Rete peg formation was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Proteolysis of the basement membrane was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The assembly of podosomes and their correlation with basement membrane proteolysis were investigated by laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS The shape of basal layer keratinocytes at the sites of emerging rete pegs changed from typically polygonal to spindle-shaped. Basement membrane proteolysis, indicated by decreased type IV collagen (Col IV) staining, was detected during rete peg formation. Classical markers for podosomes, including cortactin/Tks5, WASP, and matrix metalloproteinase foci, were easily observed at the spindle-shaped cells. Podosomes were visible in regions where there was a significant decrease in Col IV staining. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicated that podosomes form at the front of the emerging rete peg and may play a pivotal role in basement membrane remodeling during rete peg formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sangang He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Guoliang Sa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Decotret LR, Wadsworth BJ, Li LV, Lim CJ, Bennewith KL, Pallen CJ. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPα) mediates MMP14 localization and facilitates triple-negative breast cancer cell invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:567-578. [PMID: 33566639 PMCID: PMC8101463 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to invade surrounding tissues requires degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invasive structures, such as invadopodia, form on the plasma membranes of cancer cells and secrete ECM-degrading proteases that play crucial roles in cancer cell invasion. We have previously shown that the protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPα) regulates focal adhesion formation and migration of normal cells. Here we report a novel role for PTPα in promoting triple-negative breast cancer cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. We show that PTPα knockdown reduces ECM degradation and cellular invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells through Matrigel. PTPα is not a component of TKS5-positive structures resembling invadopodia; rather, PTPα localizes with endosomal structures positive for MMP14, caveolin-1, and early endosome antigen 1. Furthermore, PTPα regulates MMP14 localization to plasma membrane protrusions, suggesting a role for PTPα in intracellular trafficking of MMP14. Importantly, we show that orthotopic MDA-MB-231 tumors depleted in PTPα exhibit reduced invasion into the surrounding mammary fat pad. These findings suggest a novel role for PTPα in regulating the invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Decotret
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Brennan J Wadsworth
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Ling Vicky Li
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Chinten J Lim
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Kevin L Bennewith
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Catherine J Pallen
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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8
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Michopoulou A, Montmasson M, Garnier C, Lambert E, Dayan G, Rousselle P. A novel mechanism in wound healing: Laminin 332 drives MMP9/14 activity by recruiting syndecan-1 and CD44. Matrix Biol 2020; 94:1-17. [PMID: 32621878 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Re-epithelialization describes the resurfacing of a skin wound with new epithelium. In response to various stimuli including that of growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix (ECM), wound edge epidermal keratinocytes undergo cytoskeleton rearrangements compatible with their motile behavior and develop protrusive adhesion contacts. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) expression is crucial for proper cell movement and ECM remodeling; however, their deposition mechanism is unknown in keratinocytes. Here, we show that similar to cytokine IL-1ß, the precursor laminin 332 pro-migratory fragment G45 induces expression of the MMP-9 pro-enzyme, which together with MMP-14, further exerts its proteolytic activity within epithelial podosomes. This event strictly depends on the expression of the proteoglycan receptor syndecan-1 that was found in a ring surrounding the podosome core, co-localised with CD44. Our findings uncover that by directly recruiting both syndecan-1 and CD44, the laminin-332 G45 domain plays a major role in regulating mechanisms underlying keratinocyte / ECM remodeling during wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michopoulou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Montmasson
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Garnier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Lambert
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Guila Dayan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France.
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9
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Kong L, Wang B, Yang X, He B, Hao D, Yan L. Integrin-associated molecules and signalling cross talking in osteoclast cytoskeleton regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3271-3281. [PMID: 32045092 PMCID: PMC7131929 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ageing skeleton, the balance of bone reconstruction could commonly be broken by the increasing of bone resorption and decreasing of bone formation. Consequently, the bone resorption gradually occupies a dominant status. During this imbalance process, osteoclast is unique cell linage act the bone resorptive biological activity, which is a highly differentiated ultimate cell derived from monocyte/macrophage. The erosive function of osteoclasts is that they have to adhere the bone matrix and migrate along it, in which adhesive cytoskeleton recombination of osteoclast is essential. In that, the podosome is a membrane binding microdomain organelle, based on dynamic actin, which forms a cytoskeleton superstructure connected with the plasma membrane. Otherwise, as the main adhesive protein, integrin regulates the formation of podosome and cytoskeleton, which collaborates with the various molecules including: c-Cbl, p130Cas , c-Src and Pyk2, through several signalling cascades cross talking, including: M-CSF and RANKL. In our current study, we discuss the role of integrin and associated molecules in osteoclastogenesis cytoskeletal, especially podosomes, regulation and relevant signalling cascades cross talking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Kong
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Baorong He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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10
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Akisaka T, Yoshida A. Scattered podosomes and podosomes associated with the sealing zone architecture in cultured osteoclasts revealed by cell shearing, quick freezing, and platinum-replica electron microscopy. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:303-321. [PMID: 31162808 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) can adhere to a variety of substrate surfaces by highly dynamic actin-based cytoskeletal structures termed podosomes. This tight attachment is established by a sealing zone (SZ), which is made of interconnected individual podosomes. Compared with scattered podosomes in various cell types, the architecture of the SZ is still unclear. Especially, ultrastructural studies on the details of the cytoskeletal structure of an OC have been challenging, because the high density of filaments in their podosomes obscure visualization of individual filaments. Therefore, to study this organization in more exact detail, we employed shearing open combined with replica electron microscopy. The present study provides several new details of the podosome and SZ structure, which were previously unrecognized: (a) the SZ consists of recognizable podosomes with a dense actin network of interpodosomal regions characterized by multiple layers of crossing, branching and anastomosing actin filament networks; (b) the Arp2/3 complex is distributed throughout the actin network of podosomes and SZ, indicating that actin polymerization is concentrated at these regions; (c) a close spatial relationship between the podosome and the dorsal membrane; and (d) a network of membranous organelles in close proximity to the podosomes in the SZ. Taken together, the present study reveals that a more complicated interpodosomal actin network among neighboring individual podosomes, which is more complicated than previously thought, appears to form the SZ. Indeed, individual podosomes are not an isolated structural unit from other organelles; and, in turn, their dynamism might affect the surrounding interpodosomal cytoskeletons, membranous organelles, and plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Akisaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) induces podosome formation via integrin-Erk1/2 signaling in human immortalized oral epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2019; 61:39-47. [PMID: 31082464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent study established the role of integrins in keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)-induced oral epithelial adhesion and rete peg elongation. However, how extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling cooperates with the increased epithelial adhesion during rete peg elongation has yet to be determined. Podosomes are cell-matrix contact structures that combine several abilities, including adhesion and matrix degradation. In the present study, we identified podosome formation at the ventral side of human immortalized oral epithelial cells (HIOECs) upon KGF treatment. Moreover, podosomal components including integrin α6,β4,α3,β1 and MMP14 colocalized with the F-actin-cortactin complex and matrix degradation assays demonstrated the ability of the F-actin-cortactin complex to degrade matrix. Inhibition both of integrin subunits β4 and β1 with specific blocking antibodies and inhibition of Erk1/2 abrogated the KGF-induced podosome formation. Notably, knockdown of integrin subunits β4 and β1 with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) downregulated the phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2. In contrast, inhibition of both Erk1/2 could upregulate the expression of integrin subunits β4 and β1. These results demonstrate that KGF induces podosome formation via integrin-Erk1/2 signaling in HIOECs, suggesting a novel mechanism by which integrins enhance oral epithelial adhesion and rete peg elongation.
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12
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Peláez R, Pariente A, Pérez-Sala Á, Larrayoz IM. Integrins: Moonlighting Proteins in Invadosome Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050615. [PMID: 31052560 PMCID: PMC6562994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions developed by transformed cells in 2D/3D environments that are implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and degradation. These structures have an undoubted association with cancer invasion and metastasis because invadopodium formation in vivo is a key step for intra/extravasation of tumor cells. Invadopodia are closely related to other actin-rich structures known as podosomes, which are typical structures of normal cells necessary for different physiological processes during development and organogenesis. Invadopodia and podosomes are included in the general term 'invadosomes,' as they both appear as actin puncta on plasma membranes next to extracellular matrix metalloproteinases, although organization, regulation, and function are slightly different. Integrins are transmembrane proteins implicated in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and other important processes such as molecular signaling, mechano-transduction, and cell functions, e.g., adhesion, migration, or invasion. It is noteworthy that integrin expression is altered in many tumors, and other pathologies such as cardiovascular or immune dysfunctions. Over the last few years, growing evidence has suggested a role of integrins in the formation of invadopodia. However, their implication in invadopodia formation and adhesion to the ECM is still not well known. This review focuses on the role of integrins in invadopodium formation and provides a general overview of the involvement of these proteins in the mechanisms of metastasis, taking into account classic research through to the latest and most advanced work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Peláez
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ana Pariente
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Pérez-Sala
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
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13
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Hemidesmosomes and Focal Adhesions Treadmill as Separate but Linked Entities during Keratinocyte Migration. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1876-1888.e4. [PMID: 30951704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes anchor the epidermal keratin filament cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. They are crucial for the mechanical integrity of skin. Their role in keratinocyte migration, however, remains unclear. Examining migrating primary human keratinocytes, we find that hemidesmosomes cluster as ordered arrays consisting of multiple chevrons that are flanked by actin-associated focal adhesions. These hemidesmosomal arrays with intercalated focal adhesions extend from the cell rear to the cell front. New hemidesmosomal chevrons form subsequent to focal adhesion assembly at the cell's leading front, whereas chevrons and associated focal adhesions disassemble at the cell rear in reverse order. The bulk of the hemidesmosome-focal adhesion composite, however, remains attached to the substratum during cell translocation. Similar hemidesmosome-focal adhesion patterns emerge on X-shaped fibronectin-coated micropatterns, during cell spreading and in leader cells during collective cell migration. We further find that hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions affect each other's distribution. We propose that both junctions are separate but linked entities, which treadmill coordinately to support efficient directed cell migration and cooperate to coordinate the dynamic interplay between the keratin and actin cytoskeleton.
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14
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Plotkin LI, Bruzzaniti A. Molecular signaling in bone cells: Regulation of cell differentiation and survival. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:237-281. [PMID: 31036293 PMCID: PMC7416488 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of proper bone mass and architecture, and their maintenance throughout life requires the concerted actions of osteoblasts, the bone forming cells, and osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells. The differentiation and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are regulated by molecules produced by matrix-embedded osteocytes, as well as by cross talk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts through secreted factors. In addition, it is likely that direct contact between osteoblast and osteoclast precursors, and the contact of these cells with osteocytes and cells in the bone marrow, also modulates bone cell differentiation and function. With the advancement of molecular and genetic tools, our comprehension of the intracellular signals activated in bone cells has evolved significantly, from early suggestions that osteoblasts and osteoclasts have common precursors and that osteocytes are inert cells in the bone matrix, to the very sophisticated understanding of a network of receptors, ligands, intracellular kinases/phosphatases, transcription factors, and cell-specific genes that are known today. These advances have allowed the design and FDA-approval of new therapies to preserve and increase bone mass and strength in a wide variety of pathological conditions, improving bone health from early childhood to the elderly. We have summarized here the current knowledge on selected intracellular signal pathways activated in osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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15
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Chellaiah MA, Ma T, Majumdar S. L-plastin phosphorylation regulates the early phase of sealing ring formation by actin bundling process in mouse osteoclasts. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:73-82. [PMID: 30244178 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The process of sealing ring formation requires major actin filament reorganization. We previously demonstrated that an actin-bundling protein L-plastin has a role in the cross-linking of actin filaments into tight bundles and forms actin aggregates (denoted as nascent sealing zones). These nascent sealing zones mature into fully functional sealing rings. We have shown here that TNF-alpha signaling regulates the phosphorylation of serine-5 and -7 in L-plastin which increases the actin bundling capacity of L-plastin and hence the formation of nascent sealing zones in mouse osteoclasts. Using the TAT-mediated transduction method, we confirmed the role of L-plastin in nascent sealing zones formation at the early phase of the sealing ring assembly. Transduction of TAT-fused full-length L-plastin peptide significantly increases the number of nascent sealing zones and therefore sealing rings. But, transduction of amino-terminal L-plastin peptides consisting of the serine-5 and -7 reduces the formation of both nascent sealing zones and sealing rings. Therefore, bone resorption in vitro was reduced considerably. The decrease was associated with the selective inhibition of cellular L-plastin phosphorylation by the transduced peptides. Neither the formation of podosomes nor the migration was affected in these osteoclasts. Phosphorylation of L- plastin on serine 5 and -7 residues increases the F-actin bundling capacity. The significance of our studies stands on laying the groundwork for a better understanding of L-plastin as a potential regulator at the early phase of sealing ring formation and could be a new therapeutic target to treat bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi A Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sunipa Majumdar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Sala K, Raimondi A, Tonoli D, Tacchetti C, de Curtis I. Identification of a membrane-less compartment regulating invadosome function and motility. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1164. [PMID: 29348417 PMCID: PMC5773524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depletion of liprin-α1, ERC1 or LL5 scaffolds inhibits extracellular matrix degradation by invasive cells. These proteins co-accumulate near invadosomes in NIH-Src cells, identifying a novel invadosome–associated compartment distinct from the core and adhesion ring of invadosomes. Depletion of either protein perturbs the organization of invadosomes without influencing the recruitment of MT1-MMP metalloprotease. Liprin-α1 is not required for de novo formation of invadosomes after their disassembly by microtubules and Src inhibitors, while its depletion inhibits invadosome motility, thus affecting matrix degradation. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching shows that the invadosome–associated compartment is dynamic, while correlative light immunoelectron microscopy identifies bona fide membrane–free invadosome–associated regions enriched in liprin-α1, which is virtually excluded from the invadosome core. The results indicate that liprin-α1, LL5 and ERC1 define a novel dynamic membrane-less compartment that regulates matrix degradation by affecting invadosome motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Sala
- Cell Adhesion Unit - Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Diletta Tonoli
- Cell Adhesion Unit - Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milano, Italy.,San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Ivan de Curtis
- Cell Adhesion Unit - Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milano, Italy. .,San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.
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17
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Peláez R, Morales X, Salvo E, Garasa S, Ortiz de Solórzano C, Martínez A, Larrayoz IM, Rouzaut A. β3 integrin expression is required for invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation in lung carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181579. [PMID: 28767724 PMCID: PMC5540285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer related deaths are primarily due to tumor metastasis. To facilitate their dissemination to distant sites, cancer cells develop invadopodia, actin-rich protrusions capable of degrading the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). We aimed to determine whether β3 integrin participates in invadopodia formed by lung carcinoma cells, based on our previous findings of specific TGF-β induction of β3 integrin dependent metastasis in animal models of lung carcinoma. In this study, we demonstrate that lung carcinoma cells form invadopodia in response to TGF-β exposure. Invadopodia formation and degradation activity is dependent on β3 integrin expression since β3 integrin deficient cells are not able to degrade gelatin-coated surfaces. Even more, transient over-expression of SRC did not restore invadopodia formation in β3 integrin deficient cells. Finally, we observed that blockade of PLC-dependent signaling leads to more intense labeling for β3 integrin in invadopodia. Our results suggest that β3 integrin function, and location, in lung cancer cells are essential for invadopodia formation, and this integrin regulates the activation of different signal pathways necessary for the invasive structure. β3 integrin has been associated with poor prognosis and increased metastasis in several carcinoma types, including lung cancer. Our findings provide new evidence to support the use of targeted therapies against this integrin to combat the onset of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Peláez
- Department of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, Logroño, Spain
| | - Xabier Morales
- Department of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratory of Preclinical Models and Analytical Tools, Division of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research and CIBERONC, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Salvo
- Department of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saray Garasa
- Department of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortiz de Solórzano
- Laboratory of Preclinical Models and Analytical Tools, Division of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research and CIBERONC, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ana Rouzaut
- Department of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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18
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Di Martino J, Henriet E, Ezzoukhry Z, Goetz JG, Moreau V, Saltel F. The microenvironment controls invadosome plasticity. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1759-68. [PMID: 27029343 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadosomes are actin-based structures involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Invadosomes is a term that includes podosomes and invadopodia, which decorate normal and tumour cells, respectively. They are mainly organised into dots or rosettes, and podosomes and invadopodia are often compared and contrasted. Various internal or external stimuli have been shown to induce their formation and/or activity. In this Commentary, we address the impact of the microenvironment and the role of matrix receptors on the formation, and dynamic and degradative activities of invadosomes. In particular, we highlight recent findings regarding the role of type I collagen fibrils in inducing the formation of a new linear organisation of invadosomes. We will also discuss invadosome plasticity more generally and emphasise its physio-pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Di Martino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Elodie Henriet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Zakaria Ezzoukhry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, Strasbourg 67200, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Violaine Moreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Frederic Saltel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
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19
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Alblazi KMO, Siar CH. Cellular protrusions--lamellipodia, filopodia, invadopodia and podosomes--and their roles in progression of orofacial tumours: current understanding. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2187-91. [PMID: 25824735 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.6.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protrusive structures formed by migrating and invading cells are termed lamellipodia, filopodia, invadopodia and podosomes. Lamellipodia and filopodia appear on the leading edges of migrating cells and function to command the direction of the migrating cells. Invadopodia and podosomes are special F-actin-rich matrix-degrading structures that arise on the ventral surface of the cell membrane. Invadopodia are found in a variety of carcinomatous cells including squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region whereas podosomes are found in normal highly motile cells of mesenchymal and myelomonocytic lineage. Invadopodia-associated protein markers consisted of 129 proteins belonging to different functional classes including WASP, NWASP, cortactin, Src kinase, Arp 2/3 complex, MT1-MMP and F-actin. To date, our current understanding on the role(s) of these regulators of actin dynamics in tumors of the orofacial region indicates that upregulation of these proteins promotes invasion and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma, is associated with poor/worst prognostic outcome in laryngeal cancers, contributes to the persistent growth and metastasis characteristics of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma, is a significant predictor of increased cancer risk in oral mucosal premalignant lesions and enhances local invasiveness in jawbone ameloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Mohamed Om Alblazi
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail :
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20
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Parekh A, Weaver AM. Regulation of invadopodia by mechanical signaling. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:89-95. [PMID: 26546985 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical rigidity in the tumor microenvironment is associated with a high risk of tumor formation and aggressiveness. Adhesion-based signaling driven by a rigid microenvironment is thought to facilitate invasion and migration of cancer cells away from primary tumors. Proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key component of this process and is mediated by subcellular actin-rich structures known as invadopodia. Both ECM rigidity and cellular traction stresses promote invadopodia formation and activity, suggesting a role for these structures in mechanosensing. The presence and activity of mechanosensitive adhesive and signaling components at invadopodia further indicates the potential for these structures to utilize myosin-dependent forces to probe and remodel their ECM environments. Here, we provide a brief review of the role of adhesion-based mechanical signaling in controlling invadopodia and invasive cancer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Parekh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
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21
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Ponceau A, Albigès-Rizo C, Colin-Aronovicz Y, Destaing O, Lecomte MC. αII-spectrin regulates invadosome stability and extracellular matrix degradation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120781. [PMID: 25830635 PMCID: PMC4382279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadosomes are actin-rich adhesion structures involved in tissue invasion and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. αII-Spectrin, an ubiquitous scaffolding component of the membrane skeleton and a partner of actin regulators (ABI1, VASP and WASL), accumulates highly and specifically in the invadosomes of multiple cell types, such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing SrcY527F, the constitutively active form of Src or activated HMEC-1 endothelial cells. FRAP and live-imaging analysis revealed that αII-spectrin is a highly dynamic component of invadosomes as actin present in the structures core. Knockdown of αII-spectrin expression destabilizes invadosomes and reduces the ability of the remaining invadosomes to digest the ECM and to promote invasion. The ECM degradation defect observed in spectrin-depleted-cells is associated with highly dynamic and unstable invadosome rings. Moreover, FRAP measurement showed the specific involvement of αII-spectrin in the regulation of the mobile/immobile β3-integrin ratio in invadosomes. Our findings suggest that spectrin could regulate invadosome function and maturation by modulating integrin mobility in the membrane, allowing the normal processes of adhesion, invasion and matrix degradation. Altogether, these data highlight a new function for spectrins in the stability of invadosomes and the coupling between actin regulation and ECM degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ponceau
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, INSERM UMR-S 665, Paris, France, Université Paris 7/Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Albigès-Rizo
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Université Joseph Fourier U823 Site Santé, Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Colin-Aronovicz
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, INSERM UMR-S 665, Paris, France, Université Paris 7/Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Université Joseph Fourier U823 Site Santé, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Christine Lecomte
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, INSERM UMR-S 665, Paris, France, Université Paris 7/Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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22
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Markwell SM, Weed SA. Tumor and stromal-based contributions to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:382-406. [PMID: 25734659 PMCID: PMC4381264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is typically diagnosed at advanced stages with evident loco-regional and/or distal metastases. The prevalence of metastatic lesions directly correlates with poor patient outcome, resulting in high patient mortality rates following metastatic development. The progression to metastatic disease requires changes not only in the carcinoma cells, but also in the surrounding stromal cells and tumor microenvironment. Within the microenvironment, acellular contributions from the surrounding extracellular matrix, along with contributions from various infiltrating immune cells, tumor associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells facilitate the spread of tumor cells from the primary site to the rest of the body. Thus far, most attempts to limit metastatic spread through therapeutic intervention have failed to show patient benefit in clinic trails. The goal of this review is highlight the complexity of invasion-promoting interactions in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment, focusing on contributions from tumor and stromal cells in order to assist future therapeutic development and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Scott A Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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23
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Fenton SE, Denning MF. FYNagling divergent adhesive functions for Fyn in keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2014; 24:81-5. [PMID: 24980626 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fyn, a member of the Src family kinases (SFKs), has been shown to play important yet contradictory roles in keratinocyte (KC) adhesion. During KC differentiation, physiological activation of Fyn results in the formation of adherens junctions, recruiting junctional components and inducing signaling pathways that control the differentiation program. However, in KC transformation and oncogenesis, increased Fyn activity has been implicated in the dissolution of adhesion structures and an increased migratory phenotype. Fyn activity is also associated with both the formation and dissolution of focal adhesions, and to a lesser extent hemidesmosomes and desmosomes. This viewpoint article aims to reconcile these disparate bodies of literature regarding Fyn's role in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion by proposing several alternative, testable hypotheses that unify Fyn's fractured functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Fenton
- Molecular Biology Program, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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24
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Le PT, Pearce MM, Zhang S, Campbell EM, Fok CS, Mueller ER, Brincat CA, Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L. IL22 regulates human urothelial cell sensory and innate functions through modulation of the acetylcholine response, immunoregulatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides: assessment of an in vitro model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111375. [PMID: 25354343 PMCID: PMC4213028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human urinary disorders are generally studied in rodent models due to limitations of functional in vitro culture models of primary human urothelial cells (HUCs). Current HUC culture models are often derived from immortalized cancer cell lines, which likely have functional characteristics differ from healthy human urothelium. Here, we described a simple explant culture technique to generate HUCs and assessed their in vitro functions. Using transmission electron microscopy, we assessed morphology and heterogeneity of the generated HUCs and characterized their intercellular membrane structural proteins relative to ex vivo urothelium tissue. We demonstrated that our cultured HUCs are free of fibroblasts. They are also heterogeneous, containing cells characteristic of both immature basal cells and mature superficial urothelial cells. The cultured HUCs expressed muscarinic receptors (MR1 and MR2), carnitine acetyltransferase (CarAT), immunoregulatory cytokines IL7, IL15, and IL23, as well as the chemokine CCL20. HUCs also expressed epithelial cell-specific molecules essential for forming intercellular structures that maintain the functional capacity to form the physiological barrier of the human bladder urothelium. A subset of HUCs, identified by the high expression of CD44, expressed the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) along with its co-receptor CD14. We demonstrated that HUCs express, at the mRNA level, both forms of the IL22 receptor, the membrane-associated (IL22RA1) and the secreted soluble (IL22RA2) forms; in turn, IL22 inhibited expression of MR1 and induced expression of CarAT and two antimicrobial peptides (S100A9 and lipocalin-2). While the cellular sources of IL22 have yet to be identified, the HUC cytokine and chemokine profiles support the concept that IL22-producing cells are present in the human bladder mucosa tissue and that IL22 plays a regulatory role in HUC functions. Thus, the described explant technique is clearly capable of generating functional HUCs suitable for the study of human urinary tract disorders, including interactions between urothelium and IL22-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong T. Le
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Meghan M. Pearce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shubin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Edward M. Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Cynthia S. Fok
- University of Minnesota, Department of Urology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Brincat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alan J. Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Linda Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
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Abstract
Remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental cell property that allows cells to alter their microenvironment and move through tissues. Invadopodia and podosomes are subcellular actin-rich structures that are specialized for matrix degradation and are formed by cancer and normal cells, respectively. Although initial studies focused on defining the core machinery of these two structures, recent studies have identified inputs from both growth factor and adhesion signaling as crucial for invasive activity. This Commentary will outline the current knowledge on the upstream signaling inputs to invadopodia and podosomes and their role in governing distinct stages of these invasive structures. We discuss invadopodia and podosomes as adhesion structures and highlight new data showing that invadopodia-associated adhesion rings promote the maturation of already-formed invadopodia. We present a model in which growth factor stimulation leads to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity and formation of invadopodia, whereas adhesion signaling promotes exocytosis of proteinases at invadopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hoshino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-6840, USA
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26
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Fortuitous birth, convivial baptism and early youth of podosomes. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:820-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Branch KM, Hoshino D, Weaver AM. Adhesion rings surround invadopodia and promote maturation. Biol Open 2012; 1:711-22. [PMID: 23213464 PMCID: PMC3507228 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are aggressive cancer phenotypes that are highly related to the ability of cancer cells to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM). At the cellular level, specialized actin-rich structures called invadopodia mediate focal matrix degradation by serving as exocytic sites for ECM-degrading proteinases. Adhesion signaling is likely to be a critical regulatory input to invadopodia, but the mechanism and location of such adhesion signaling events are poorly understood. Here, we report that adhesion rings surround invadopodia shortly after formation and correlate strongly with invadopodium activity on a cell-by-cell basis. By contrast, there was little correlation of focal adhesion number or size with cellular invadopodium activity. Prevention of adhesion ring formation by inhibition of RGD-binding integrins or knockdown (KD) of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) reduced the number of ECM-degrading invadopodia and reduced recruitment of IQGAP to invadopodium actin puncta. Furthermore, live cell imaging revealed that the rate of extracellular MT1-MMP accumulation at invadopodia was greatly reduced in both integrin-inhibited and ILK-KD cells. Conversely, KD of MT1-MMP reduced invadopodium activity and dynamics but not the number of adhesion-ringed invadopodia. These results suggest a model in which adhesion rings are recruited to invadopodia shortly after formation and promote invadopodium maturation by enhancing proteinase secretion. Since adhesion rings are a defining characteristic of podosomes, similar structures formed by normal cells, our data also suggest further similarities between invadopodia and podosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Branch
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN 37232 , USA
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Stölting M, Wiesner C, van Vliet V, Butt E, Pavenstädt H, Linder S, Kremerskothen J. Lasp-1 regulates podosome function. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35340. [PMID: 22514729 PMCID: PMC3325968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells form a variety of adhesive structures to connect with their environment and to regulate cell motility. In contrast to classical focal adhesions, podosomes, highly dynamic structures of different cell types, are actively engaged in matrix remodelling and degradation. Podosomes are composed of an actin-rich core region surrounded by a ring-like structure containing signalling molecules, motor proteins as well as cytoskeleton-associated proteins. Lasp-1 is a ubiquitously expressed, actin-binding protein that is known to regulate cytoskeleton architecture and cell migration. This multidomain protein is predominantely present at focal adhesions, however, a second pool of Lasp-1 molecules is also found at lamellipodia and vesicle-like microdomains in the cytosol.In this report, we show that Lasp-1 is a novel component and regulator of podosomes. Immunofluorescence studies reveal a localization of Lasp-1 in the podosome ring structure, where it colocalizes with zyxin and vinculin. Life cell imaging experiments demonstrate that Lasp-1 is recruited in early steps of podosome assembly. A siRNA-mediated Lasp-1 knockdown in human macrophages affects podosome dynamics as well as their matrix degradation capacity. In summary, our data indicate that Lasp-1 is a novel component of podosomes and is involved in the regulation of podosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Stölting
- Medizinische Klinik D, Abteilung für Molekulare Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christiane Wiesner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa van Vliet
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Butt
- Institut für Klinische Biochemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Medizinische Klinik D, Abteilung für Molekulare Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Kremerskothen
- Medizinische Klinik D, Abteilung für Molekulare Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ory S, Brazier H, Blangy A. Identification of a bipartite focal adhesion localization signal in RhoU/Wrch-1, a Rho family GTPase that regulates cell adhesion and migration. Biol Cell 2012; 99:701-16. [PMID: 17620058 DOI: 10.1042/bc20070058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Rho GTPases are important regulators of cytoskeleton dynamics and cell adhesion. RhoU/Wrch-1 is a Rho GTPase which shares sequence similarities with Rac1 and Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42), but has also extended N- and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal extension promotes binding to SH3 (Src homology 3)-domain-containing adaptors, whereas the C-terminal extension mediates membrane targeting through palmitoylation of its non-conventional CAAX box. RhoU/Wrch-1 possesses transforming activity, which is negatively regulated by its N-terminal extension and depends on palmitoylation. RESULTS In the present study, we have shown that RhoU is localized to podosomes in osteoclasts and c-Src-expressing cells, and to focal adhesions of HeLa cells and fibroblasts. The N-terminal extension and the palmitoylation site were dispensable, whereas the C-terminal extension and effector binding loop were critical for RhoU targeting to focal adhesions. Moreover, the number of focal adhesions was reduced and their distribution changed upon expression of activated RhoU. Conversely, RhoU silencing increased the number of focal adhesions. As RhoU was only transiently associated with adhesion structures, this suggests that RhoU may modify adhesion turnover and cell migration rate. Indeed, we found that migration distances were increased in cells expressing activated RhoU and decreased when RhoU was knocked-down. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that RhoU localizes to adhesion structures, regulates their number and distribution and increases cell motility. It also suggests that the RhoU effector binding and C-terminal domains are critical for these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Ory
- CRBM CNRS UMR5237, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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30
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Invadosome regulation by adhesion signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2011; 23:597-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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McInroy L, Määttä A. Plectin regulates invasiveness of SW480 colon carcinoma cells and is targeted to podosome-like adhesions in an isoform-specific manner. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2468-78. [PMID: 21821021 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Co-ordination of cytoskeletal networks and their dynamics is an essential feature of cell migration and cancer cell invasion. Plectin is a large cytolinker protein that influences tissue integrity, organisation of actin and intermediate filaments, and cell migration. Alternatively spliced plectin isoforms are targeted to different subcellular locations. Here, we show that plectin ablation by siRNA impaired migration, invasion and adhesion of SW480 colon carcinoma cells. A previously less well characterised plectin isoform, plectin-1k, co-localised with epithelial integrins, N-WASP, cortactin, and dynamin in podosome-like adhesions in invasive SW480 colon carcinoma cells. Transfection of alternative plectin N-terminal constructs demonstrated that the first exons of isoforms 1k, 1 and 1d can target the actin-binding domain of plectin to podosome-like adhesions. Finally, Plectin-1k N-terminus rescued adhesion site formation in plectin knock-down cells. Thus, plectin participates in actin assembly and invasiveness in carcinoma cells in an isoform-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna McInroy
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
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Kirkbride KC, Sung BH, Sinha S, Weaver AM. Cortactin: a multifunctional regulator of cellular invasiveness. Cell Adh Migr 2011; 5:187-98. [PMID: 21258212 DOI: 10.4161/cam.5.2.14773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched actin assembly is critical for a variety of cellular processes that underlie cell motility and invasion, including cellular protrusion formation and membrane trafficking. Activation of branched actin assembly occurs at various subcellular locations via site-specific activation of distinct WASp family proteins and the Arp2/3 complex. A key branched actin regulator that promotes cell motility and links signaling, cytoskeletal and membrane trafficking proteins is the Src kinase substrate and Arp2/3 binding protein cortactin. Due to its frequent overexpression in advanced, invasive cancers and its general role in regulating branched actin assembly at multiple cellular locations, cortactin has been the subject of intense study. Recent studies suggest that cortactin has a complex role in cellular migration and invasion, promoting both on-site actin polymerization and modulation of autocrine secretion. Diverse cellular activities may derive from the interaction of cortactin with site-specific binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellye C Kirkbride
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Eastman R, Leaf EM, Zhang D, True LD, Sweet RM, Seidel K, Siebert JR, Grady R, Mitchell ME, Bassuk JA. Fibroblast growth factor-10 signals development of von Brunn's nests in the exstrophic bladder. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 299:F1094-110. [PMID: 20719973 PMCID: PMC2980411 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00056.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
von Brunn's nests have long been recognized as precursors of benign lesions of the urinary bladder mucosa. We report here that von Brunn's nests are especially prevalent in the exstrophic bladder, a birth defect that predisposes the patient to formation of bladder cancer. Cells of von Brunn's nest were found to coalesce into a stratified, polarized epithelium which surrounds itself with a capsule-like structure rich in types I, III, and IV collagen. Histocytochemical analysis and keratin profiling demonstrated that nested cells exhibited a phenotype similar, but not identical, to that of urothelial cells of transitional epithelium. Immunostaining and in situ hybridization analysis of exstrophic tissue demonstrated that the FGF-10 receptor is synthesized and retained by cells of von Brunn's nest. In contrast, FGF-10 is synthesized and secreted by mesenchymal fibroblasts via a paracrine pathway that targets basal epithelial cells of von Brunn's nests. Small clusters of 10pRp cells, positive for both FGF-10 and its receptor, were observed both proximal to and inside blood vessels in the lamina propria. The collective evidence points to a mechanism where von Brunn's nests develop under the control of the FGF-10 signal transduction system and suggests that 10pRp cells may be the original source of nested cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocky Eastman
- Program in Human Urothelial Biology, Center for Tissue and Cell Sciences, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave., Mailstop C9S-5, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Kelley LC, Ammer AG, Hayes KE, Martin KH, Machida K, Jia L, Mayer BJ, Weed SA. Oncogenic Src requires a wild-type counterpart to regulate invadopodia maturation. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:3923-32. [PMID: 20980387 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.075200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene Src tyrosine kinase (Src) is overexpressed in human cancers and is currently a target of anti-invasive therapies. Activation of Src is an essential catalyst of invadopodia production. Invadopodia are cellular structures that mediate extracellular matrix (ECM) proteolysis, allowing invasive cell types to breach confining tissue barriers. Invadopodia assembly and maturation is a multistep process, first requiring the targeting of actin-associated proteins to form pre-invadopodia, which subsequently mature by recruitment and activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) that facilitate ECM degradation. We demonstrate that active, oncogenic Src alleles require the presence of a wild-type counterpart to induce ECM degradation at invadopodia sites. In addition, we identify the phosphorylation of the invadopodia regulatory protein cortactin as an important mediator of invadopodia maturation downstream of wild-type Src. Distinct phosphotyrosine-based protein-binding profiles in cells forming pre-invadopodia and mature invadopodia were identified by SH2-domain array analysis. These results indicate that although elevated Src kinase activity is required to target actin-associated proteins to pre-invadopodia, regulated Src activity is required for invadopodia maturation and matrix degradation activity. Our findings describe a previously unappreciated role for proto-oncogenic Src in enabling the invasive activity of constitutively active Src alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Kelley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9300, USA
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Destaing O, Planus E, Bouvard D, Oddou C, Badowski C, Bossy V, Raducanu A, Fourcade B, Albiges-Rizo C, Block MR. β1A integrin is a master regulator of invadosome organization and function. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:4108-19. [PMID: 20926684 PMCID: PMC2993740 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-07-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of patterned surfaces, reverse genetics, and time-controlled photoinactivation showed that β1 but not β3 integrins are required for invadosome formation, self-assembly, and stabilization into a ring structure. The activation state of β1 as well as its phosphorylation by protein kinase C on Ser785 control these process and link to the degradative function. Invadosomes are adhesion structures involved in tissue invasion that are characterized by an intense actin polymerization–depolymerization associated with β1 and β3 integrins and coupled to extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation activity. We induced the formation of invadosomes by expressing the constitutive active form of Src, SrcYF, in different cell types. Use of ECM surfaces micropatterned at the subcellular scale clearly showed that in mesenchymal cells, integrin signaling controls invadosome activity. Using β1−/− or β3−/− cells, it seemed that β1A but not β3 integrins are essential for initiation of invadosome formation. Protein kinase C activity was shown to regulate autoassembly of invadosomes into a ring-like metastructure (rosette), probably by phosphorylation of Ser785 on the β1A tail. Moreover, our study clearly showed that β1A links actin dynamics and ECM degradation in invadosomes. Finally, a new strategy based on fusion of the photosensitizer KillerRed to the β1A cytoplasmic domain allowed specific and immediate loss of function of β1A, resulting in disorganization and disassembly of invadosomes and formation of focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Destaing
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Université Joseph Fourier U823 Site Santé BP 170, Grenoble 38042, Cedex 9, France
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Monypenny J, Chou HC, Bañón-Rodríguez I, Thrasher AJ, Antón IM, Jones GE, Calle Y. Role of WASP in cell polarity and podosome dynamics of myeloid cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 90:198-204. [PMID: 20609498 PMCID: PMC3037472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin-dependent migration of myeloid cells requires tight coordination between actin-based cell membrane protrusion and integrin-mediated adhesion to form a stable leading edge. Under this mode of migration, polarised myeloid cells including dendritic cells, macrophages and osteoclasts develop podosomes that sustain the extending leading edge. Podosome integrity and dynamics vary in response to changes in the physical and biochemical properties of the cell environment. In the current article we discuss the role of various factors in initiation and stability of podosomes and the roles of the Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) in this process. We discuss recent data indicating that in a cellular context WASP is crucial not only for localised actin polymerisation at the leading edge and in podosome cores but also for coordination of integrin clustering and activation during podosome formation and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Monypenny
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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37
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Isaac BM, Ishihara D, Nusblat LM, Gevrey JC, Dovas A, Condeelis J, Cox D. N-WASP has the ability to compensate for the loss of WASP in macrophage podosome formation and chemotaxis. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:3406-16. [PMID: 20599953 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and its homologue neural-WASP (N-WASP) are nucleation promoting factors that integrate receptor signaling with actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. While hematopoietic cells express both WASP and N-WASP, WASP deficiency results in altered cell morphology, loss of podosomes and defective chemotaxis. It was determined that cells from a mouse derived monocyte/macrophage cell line and primary cells of myeloid lineage expressed approximately 15-fold higher levels of WASP relative to N-WASP. To test whether N-WASP can compensate for the loss of WASP and restore actin cytoskeleton integrity, N-WASP was overexpressed in macrophages, in which endogenous WASP expression was reduced by short hairpin RNA (shWASP cells). Many of the defects associated with the loss of WASP, such as podosome-dependent matrix degradation and chemotaxis were corrected when N-WASP was expressed at equimolar level to that of the wild-type WASP. Furthermore, the ability of N-WASP to partially compensate for the loss of WASP may be physiologically relevant since activated murine WASP-deficient peritoneal macrophages, which show enhanced N-WASP expression, also show an increase in matrix degradation. Our study suggests that expression levels of WASP and N-WASP may influence their roles in actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and shed light to the complex intertwining roles WASP and N-WASP play in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M Isaac
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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38
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Liu S, Yamashita H, Weidow B, Weaver AM, Quaranta V. Laminin-332-beta1 integrin interactions negatively regulate invadopodia. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:134-42. [PMID: 20039268 PMCID: PMC3150482 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of epithelial cells to basement membranes (BM) occurs through two major structures: actin-associated focal contacts and keratin-associated hemidesmosomes, both of which form on laminin-332 (Ln-332). In epithelial-derived cancer cells, additional actin-linked structures with putative adhesive properties, invadopodia, are frequently present and mediate BM degradation. A recent study proposed that BM invasion requires a proper combination of focal contacts and invadopodia for invading cells to gain traction through degraded BM, and suggested that these structures may compete for common molecular components such as Src kinase. In this study, we tested the role of the Ln-332 in regulating invadopodia in 804G rat bladder carcinoma cells, a cell line that secretes Ln-332 and forms all three types of adhesions. Expression of shRNA to Ln-332 gamma2 chain (gamma2-kd) led to increased numbers of invadopodia and enhanced extracellular matrix degradation. Replating gamma2-kd cells on Ln-332 or collagen-I fully recovered cell spreading and inhibition of invadopodia. Inhibition of alpha3 or beta1, but not alpha6 or beta4, phenocopied the effect of gamma2-kd, suggesting that alpha3beta1-mediated focal contacts, rather than alpha6beta4-mediated hemidesmosome pathways, intersect with invadopodia regulation. gamma2-kd cells exhibited alterations in focal contact-type structures and in activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src kinase. Inhibition of FAK also increased invadopodia number, which was reversible with Src inhibition. These data are consistent with a model whereby actin-based adhesions can limit the availability of active Src that is capable of invadopodia initiation and identifies Ln-332-beta1 interactions as a potent upstream regulator that limits cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Hironobu Yamashita
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Brandy Weidow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Alissa M. Weaver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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Orenes-Piñero E, Barderas R, Rico D, Casal JI, Gonzalez-Pisano D, Navajo J, Algaba F, Piulats JM, Sanchez-Carbayo M. Serum and tissue profiling in bladder cancer combining protein and tissue arrays. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:164-73. [PMID: 19883059 DOI: 10.1021/pr900273u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at identifying biomarkers for bladder cancer, the serum proteome was explored in a pilot study through a profiling approach using protein arrays. Supervised analyses identified a panel 171 immunogenic proteins differentially expressed between patients with bladder cancer (n = 12) and controls without the disease (n = 10). The microanatomical expression patterns of novel immunogenic proteins, especially dynamin and clusterin, were found significantly associated with histopathologic variables and overall survival, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry using an independent series of bladder tumors contained in tissue microarrays (n = 289). Thus, the protein arrays approach has identified a panel of immunogenic candidates that may potentially play a role as diagnostic biomarkers, especially for muscle invasive disease. Moreover, the protein expression patterns of dynamin and clusterin in bladder tumors were shown to adjunct for histopathologic staging and clinical outcome prognosis.
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40
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Podosomes are present in a postsynaptic apparatus and participate in its maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:18373-8. [PMID: 19822767 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910391106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical step in synapse formation is the clustering of neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic membrane, directly opposite the nerve terminal. At the neuromuscular junction, a widely studied model synapse, acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) initially aggregate to form an ovoid postsynaptic plaque. As the synapse matures, the plaque becomes perforated and is eventually transformed into a complex, branched structure. We found that this transformation also occurs in myotubes cultured in the absence of neurons, and used this system to seek machinery that orchestrates postsynaptic maturation. We show that perforations in the AChR aggregate bear structures resembling podosomes, dynamic actin-rich adhesive organelles involved in matrix remodeling in non-neuronal cells but not described in neural structures. The location and dynamics of synaptic podosomes are spatiotemporally correlated with changes in AChR aggregate topology, and pharmacological disruption of podosomes leads to rapid alterations in AChR organization. Our results indicate that synaptic podosomes play critical roles in maturation of the postsynaptic membrane.
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Sextius P, Marionnet C, Bon FX, de La Chapelle AL, Tacheau C, Lahfa M, Mauviel A, Bernard BA, Leclaire J, Bernerd F, Dubertret L. Large scale study of epidermal recovery after stratum corneum removal: dynamics of genomic response. Exp Dermatol 2009; 19:259-68. [PMID: 19765057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The stratum corneum (SC) is a superficial skin compartment that protects the body from the outside environment. Any disturbance of this function induces cascading steps of molecular and cellular repair in the whole epidermis. The aim of this study was to investigate epidermal gene expression following SC removal by tape stripping. Twenty-nine healthy male volunteers were included (27 +/- 4 years old). Tape stripping was processed on one inner forearm, the other unstripped forearm served as a control. Epidermis samples were collected at 2, 6, 19, 30 and 72 h after tape stripping. Trans-epidermal water loss measurements were performed at each step to monitor barrier restoration. Total RNA was extracted from collected epidermis samples and analysed by using DermArray cDNA microarrays. Among 4000 genes under investigation, we found that the expression of 370 genes varied significantly at least once during the time following stripping. Using an original clustering method, the modulated genes were gathered into eight groups. A functional characterization of the clusters enabled us to get a dynamic and global view of the main molecular processes taking place during epidermal recovery.
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42
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Weaver AM. Regulation of cancer invasion by reactive oxygen species and Tks family scaffold proteins. Sci Signal 2009; 2:pe56. [PMID: 19755707 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.288pe56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly recognized as important signaling regulators. The family of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Nox's) is responsible for the production of most signaling ROS in cells. An emerging paradigm is that individual Nox family members are organized and activated at distinct subcellular locations for specific functions. Tyrosine kinase substrate (Tks) family adaptor proteins have now been identified as Nox organizer proteins that enhance the production of ROS at invadopodia and podosomes, which are subcellular adhesion structures associated with extracellular matrix degradation. ROS production is also shown to be required for invadopodia and podosome formation. These findings broaden the known signaling roles of ROS and identify a potential mechanism for the correlation of ROS production with cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Buccione R, Caldieri G, Ayala I. Invadopodia: specialized tumor cell structures for the focal degradation of the extracellular matrix. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2009; 28:137-49. [PMID: 19153671 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Invasive tumor-derived or transformed cells, cultured on a flat extracellular matrix substratum, extend specialized proteolytically active plasma membrane protrusions. These structures, termed invadopodia, are responsible for the focal degradation of the underlying substrate. Considerable progress has been made in recent years towards understanding the basic molecular components and regulatory circuits and the ultrastructural features of invadopodia. This has generated substantial interest in invadopodia as a paradigm to study the complex interactions between the intracellular trafficking, signal transduction and cytoskeleton regulation machineries; hopes are high that they may also represent valid biological targets to help advance the anti-cancer drug discovery process. Current knowledge will be reviewed here with an emphasis on the many open questions in invadopodia biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Buccione
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Tumor Cell Invasion Laboratory, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro, (Chieti), 66030, Italy.
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Takkunen M, Hukkanen M, Liljeström M, Grenman R, Virtanen I. Podosome-like structures of non-invasive carcinoma cells are replaced in epithelial-mesenchymal transition by actin comet-embedded invadopodia. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:1569-93. [PMID: 19656240 PMCID: PMC3829022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes and invadopodia are actin-based structures at the ventral cell membrane, which have a role in cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Little is known about the differences and dynamics underlying these structures. We studied podosome-like structures of oral squamous carcinoma cells and invadopodia of their invasive variant that has undergone a spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In 3D imaging, podosomes were relatively large structures that enlarged in time, whereas invadopodia of invasive cells remained small, but were more numerous, degraded more extracellular matrix (ECM) and were morphologically strikingly different from podosomes. In live-cell imaging, highly dynamic, invadopodia-embedded actin tails were frequently released and rocketed through the cytoplasm. Resembling invadopodia, we found new club-ended cell extensions in EMT-experienced cells, which contained actin, cortactin, vinculin and MT1-matrix metalloproteinase. These dynamic cell extensions degraded ECM and, in field emission scanning electron microscopy, protruded from the dorsal cell membrane. Plectin, αII-spectrin, talin and focal adhesion kinase immunoreactivities were detected in podosome rings, whereas they were absent from invadopodia. Tensin potentially replaced talin in invadopodia. Integrin α3β1 surrounded both podosomes and invadopodia, whereas integrin αvβ5 localized only to invadopodia heads. Pacsin 2, in conjunction with filamin A, was detected early in podosomes, whereas pacsin 2 was not found in invadopodia and filamin A showed delayed accumulation. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching indicated faster reorganization of actin, cortactin and filamin A in podosomes compared to invadopodia. In conclusion, EMT affects the invasion machinery of oral squamous carcinoma cells. Non-invasive squamous carcinoma cells constitutively organize podosomes, whereas invasive cells form invadopodia. The club-ended cell extensions, or externalized invadopodia, are involved in ECM degradation and maintenance of contact to adhesion substrate and surrounding cells during invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Takkunen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Parekh A, Weaver AM. Regulation of cancer invasiveness by the physical extracellular matrix environment. Cell Adh Migr 2009; 3:288-92. [PMID: 19458499 DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.3.8888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term clinical outcomes are dependent on whether carcinoma cells leave the primary tumor site and invade through adjacent tissue. Recent evidence links tissue rigidity to alterations in cancer cell phenotype and tumor progression. We found that rigid extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates promote invasiveness of tumor cells via increased activity of invadopodia, subcellular protrusions with associated ECM-degrading proteinases. Although the subcellular mechanism by which substrate rigidity promotes invadopodia function remains to be determined, force sensing does appear to occur through myosin-based contractility and the mechanosensing proteins FAK and p130(Cas). In addition to rigidity, a number of ECM characteristics may regulate the ability of cells to invade through tissues, including matrix density and crosslinking. 3-D biological hydrogels based on type I collagen and reconstituted basement membrane are commonly used to study invasive behavior; however, these models lack some of the tissue-specific properties found in vivo. Thus, new in vitro organotypic and synthetic polymer ECM substrate models will be useful to either mimic the properties of specific ECM microenvironments encountered by invading cancer cells or to manipulate ECM substrate properties and independently test the role of rigidity, integrin ligands, pore size and proteolytic activity in cancer invasion of various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Parekh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6840, USA
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Bazou D, Foster GA, Ralphs JR, Coakley WT. Molecular adhesion development in a neural cell monolayer forming in an ultrasound trap. Mol Membr Biol 2009; 22:229-40. [PMID: 16096265 DOI: 10.1080/09687860500093396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 2-dimensional aggregate of C6 neural cells was formed rapidly (within 30 s) in suspension in a recently developed 1.5 MHz ultrasound standing wave trap. A typical 1 mm diameter aggregate contained about 3,500 cells. Spreading of membrane occurred between the aggregated cells. The rate of spreading of the tangentially developing intercellular contact area was 0.19 microm/min. The form of the suspended aggregate changed from one of a hexagonal arrangement of cells to one of a cell-monolayer-like continuous sheet of mostly quadrilateral and pentagonal cells as in a cell monolayer on a solid substratum. A range of fluorescent indicators showed that the >99% viability of the cells did not change during 1 h exposures; therefore cell viability was not compromised during the monolayer development. The average integral intensities from stained actin filaments at the spreading cell-cell interfaces after 1, 8 and 30 min were 14, 25 and 46 microm(2) respectively. The cells in this work progressed from physical aggregation, through molecular adhesion, to displaying the intracellular consequences of receptor interactions. The ability to form mechanically strong confluent monolayer structures that can be monitored in situ or harvested from the trap provides a technique with general potential for monitoring the synchronous development of cell responses to receptor-triggered adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Bazou
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3TL, Wales, UK
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Crimaldi L, Courtneidge SA, Gimona M. Tks5 recruits AFAP-110, p190RhoGAP, and cortactin for podosome formation. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:2581-92. [PMID: 19540230 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Podosome formation in vascular smooth muscle cells is characterized by the recruitment of AFAP-110, p190RhoGAP, and cortactin, which have specific roles in Src activation, local down-regulation of RhoA activity, and actin polymerization, respectively. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies their specific recruitment to podosomes remains unknown. The scaffold protein Tks5 is localized to podosomes in Src-transformed fibroblasts and in smooth muscle cells, and may serve as a specific recruiting adapter for various components during podosome formation. We show here that induced mislocalization of Tks5 to the surface of mitochondria leads to a major subcellular redistribution of AFAP-110, p190RhoGAP, and cortactin, and to inhibition of podosome formation. Analysis of a series of similarly mistargeted deletion mutants of Tks5 indicates that the fifth SH3 domain is essential for this recruitment. A Tks5 mutant lacking the PX domain also inhibits podosome formation and induces the redistribution of AFAP-110, p190RhoGAP, and cortactin to the perinuclear area. By expressing a catalytically inactive point mutant and by siRNA-mediated expression knock-down we also provide evidence that p190RhoGAP is required for podosome formation. Together our findings demonstrate that Tks5 plays a central role in the recruitment of AFAP-110, p190RhoGAP, and cortactin to drive podosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Crimaldi
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale, Santa Maria, Imbaro, Chieti, Italy.
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Chan KT, Cortesio CL, Huttenlocher A. FAK alters invadopodia and focal adhesion composition and dynamics to regulate breast cancer invasion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 185:357-70. [PMID: 19364917 PMCID: PMC2700377 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200809110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is important for breast cancer progression and invasion and is necessary for the dynamic turnover of focal adhesions. However, it has not been determined whether FAK also regulates the dynamics of invasive adhesions formed in cancer cells known as invadopodia. In this study, we report that endogenous FAK functions upstream of cellular Src (c-Src) as a negative regulator of invadopodia formation and dynamics in breast cancer cells. We show that depletion of FAK induces the formation of active invadopodia but impairs invasive cell migration. FAK-deficient MTLn3 breast cancer cells display enhanced assembly and dynamics of invadopodia that are rescued by expression of wild-type FAK but not by FAK that cannot be phosphorylated at tyrosine 397. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that FAK depletion switches phosphotyrosine-containing proteins from focal adhesions to invadopodia through the temporal and spatial regulation of c-Src activity. Collectively, our findings provide novel insight into the interplay between FAK and Src to promote invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keefe T Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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NIP1/DUOXA1 expression in epithelial breast cancer cells: regulation of cell adhesion and actin dynamics. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 119:773-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Xiao H, Eves R, Yeh C, Kan W, Xu F, Mak AS, Liu M. Phorbol ester-induced podosomes in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2009; 218:366-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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