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Li DM, Zhu FC, Wei J, Xie JX, He JH, Wei DM, Li Y, Lai KD, Liu LM, Su QB, Wei GN, Wang B, Liu YC. The Active Fraction of Polyrhachis vicina Roger (AFPR) activates ERK to cause necroptosis in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116454. [PMID: 37059246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polyrhachis vicina Roger (P. vicina), a traditional Chinese medicinal animal, has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, cancer, and other conditions. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, our previous pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that it is effective against cancer, depression, and hyperuricemia. Nevertheless, the key active components and targets of P. vicina in cancers are still unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological treatment mechanism of the active fraction of P. vicina (AFPR) in treating colorectal cancer (CRC) and to further reveal its active ingredients and key targets. METHODS To examine the inhibitory impact of AFPR on CRC growth, tumorigenesis assays, cck-8 assays, colony formation assays, and MMP detection were utilized. The primary components of AFPR were identified by GC-MS analysis. The network pharmacology, molecular docking, qRT-PCR, western blotting, CCK-8 assays, colony formation assay, Hoechst staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, and MMP detection were performed to pick out the active ingredients and potential key targets of AFPR. The function of Elaidic acid on necroptosis was investigated through siRNA interference and the utilization of inhibitors. Elaidic acid's effectiveness to suppress CRC growth in vivo was assessed using a tumorigenesis experiment. RESULTS Studies confirmed that AFPR prevented CRC from growing and evoked cell death. Elaidic acid was the main bioactive ingredient in AFPR that targeted ERK. Elaidic acid greatly affected the ability of SW116 cells to form colonies, produce MMP, and undergo necroptosis. Additionally, Elaidic acid promoted necroptosis predominantly by activating ERK/RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL. CONCLUSION According to our findings, Elaidic acid is the main active component of AFPR, which induced necroptosis in CRC through the activation of ERK. It represents a promising alternative therapeutic option for CRC. This work provided experimental support for the therapeutic application of P. vicina Roger in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Li
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China; Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Fu-Cui Zhu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Jia-Xiu Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Jun-Hui He
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Ke-Dao Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Li-Min Liu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qi-Biao Su
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gui-Ning Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu No.2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215500, China.
| | - Yan-Cheng Liu
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Scherbakov AM, Basharina AA, Sorokin DV, Mikhaevich EI, Mizaeva IE, Mikhaylova AL, Bogush TA, Krasil’nikov MA. Targeting hormone-resistant breast cancer cells with docetaxel: a look inside the resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:103-115. [PMID: 37065867 PMCID: PMC10099602 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The study aims to analyze the effect of long-term incubation of ERα-positive MCF7 breast cancer cells with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (HT) on their sensitivity to tubulin polymerization inhibitor docetaxel. Methods: The analysis of cell viability was performed by the MTT method. The expression of signaling proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. ERα activity was evaluated by gene reporter assay. To establish hormone-resistant subline MCF7, breast cancer cells were treated with 4-hydroxytamoxifen for 12 months. Results: The developed MCF7/HT subline has lost sensitivity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and the resistance index was 2. Increased Akt activity (2.2-fold) and decreased ERα expression (1.5-fold) were revealed in MCF7/HT cells. The activity of the estrogen receptor α was reduced (1.5-fold) in MCF7/HT. Evaluation of class III β-tubulin expression (TUBB3), a marker associated with metastasis, revealed the following trends: higher expression of TUBB3 was detected in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells compared to hormone-responsive MCF7 cells (P < 0.05). The lowest expression of TUBB3 was found in hormone-resistant MCF7/HT cells (MCF7/HT < MCF7 < MDA-MB-231, approximately 1:2:4). High TUBB3 expression strongly correlated with docetaxel resistance: IC50 value of docetaxel for MDA-MB-231 cells was greater than that for MCF7 cells, whereas resistant MCF7/HT cells were the most sensitive to the drug. The accumulation of cleaved PARP (a 1.6-fold increase) and Bcl-2 downregulation (1.8-fold) were more pronounced in docetaxel-treated resistant cells (P < 0.05). The expression of cyclin D1 decreased (2.8-fold) only in resistant cells after 4 nM docetaxel treatment, while this marker was unchanged in parental MCF7 breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Further development of taxane-based chemotherapy for hormone-resistant cancer looks highly promising, especially for cancers with low TUBB3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
- Correspondence to: Dr. Alexander M. Scherbakov, Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye shosse 24 bldg.15, Moscow 115522, Russia. E-mail:
| | - Anna A. Basharina
- Group of Molecular Tumor Markers, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Danila V. Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina I. Mikhaevich
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Iman E. Mizaeva
- Group of Molecular Tumor Markers, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra L. Mikhaylova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A. Bogush
- Group of Molecular Tumor Markers, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Krasil’nikov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
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Discovery of derivatives of 6(7)-amino-3-phenylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides: novel, hypoxia-selective HIF-1α inhibitors with strong antiestrogenic potency. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Imipramine Inhibits Migration and Invasion in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells via AKT-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204619. [PMID: 33050597 PMCID: PMC7587212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Imipramine (IMI) is a tricyclic synthetic antidepressant that is used to treat chronic psychiatric disorders, including depression and neuropathic pain. IMI also has inhibitory effects against various cancer types, including prostate cancer; however, the mechanism of its anticancer activity is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the antimetastatic and anti-invasive effects of IMI in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells, with an emphasis on the serine/threonine protein kinase AKT-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. While IMI did not induce cell death, it attenuated PC-3 cell proliferation. According to the wound healing assay and invasion assay, migration and invasion in PC-3 cells were significantly inhibited by IMI in a dose-dependent manner. IMI significantly downregulated p-AKT protein expression but upregulated phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1)/2 protein expression levels. Furthermore, IMI treatment resulted in decreased AKT-mediated downstream signaling, including p-inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK)α/β, p-inhibitor of κB (IκBα), and p-p65. Inhibited NF-κB signaling reduced the secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine by PC-3 cells. Overall, our study explored the negative correlation between the use of antidepressants and prostate cancer progression, showing that IMI attenuated cell viability, migration, and invasion of PC-3 cells by suppressing the expression of AKT and NF-κB-related signaling proteins and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).
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Shanmugapriya, Othman N, Sasidharan S. Prediction of genes and protein-protein interaction networking for miR-221-5p using bioinformatics analysis. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Novel steroidal 1,3,4-thiadiazines: Synthesis and biological evaluation in androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103142. [PMID: 31400555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A flexible approach to previously unknown spirofused and linked 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives of steroids with selective control of heterocyclization patterns is disclosed. (N-Arylcarbamoyl)spiroandrostene-17,6' [1,3,4]thiadiazines and (N-arylcarbamoyl)17-[1',3',4']thiadiazine-substituted androstenes, novel types of heterosteroids, were prepared from 16β,17β-epoxypregnenolone and 21-bromopregna-5,16-dien-20-one in good to high yields by the treatment with oxamic acid thiohydrazides. The synthesized compounds were screened for antiproliferative activity against the human androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer cell line 22Rv1. Most of (N-arylcarbamoyl)17-[1',3',4']thiadiazine-substituted androstenes exhibit better antiproliferative potency (IC50 = 2.1-6.6 µM) than the antiandrogen bicalutamide. Compounds 7d with IC50 = 3.0 μM and 7j with IC50 = 2.1 μM proved to be the most active in the series under study. Lead synthesized compound 7j downregulates AR expression and activity in 22Rv1 cells. NF-κB activity is also blocked in 7j-treated 22Rv1 cells. Apoptosis is considered as a possible mechanism of 7j-induced cell death.
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7
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Youn DH, Park J, Kim HL, Jung Y, Kang J, Lim S, Song G, Kwak HJ, Um JY. Berberine Improves Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia via Suppression of 5 Alpha Reductase and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Vivo and in Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:773. [PMID: 30061836 PMCID: PMC6054997 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in elderly men, characterized by proliferated prostate and urinary tract symptoms. The hormonal cascade starting by the action of 5-alpha-reductase (5AR) is known to be one of the pathways responsible for the pathogenesis of BPH. Present investigation evaluated the capacity of berberine (BBR), a nature-derived compound abundant in Coptis japonica, in testosterone-induced BPH rats. Experimental BPH was induced by inguinal injection with testosterone propionate (TP) for 4 weeks. BBR or finasteride, a 5AR inhibitor as positive control, was treated for 4 weeks during BPH. BPH induced by TP evoked weight gaining and histological changes of prostate and BBR treatment improved all the detrimental effects not only weight reduction and histological changes but also suppression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which is elevated during BPH. Additionally, BBR suppressed TP-associated increase of 5AR, androgen receptor (AR) and steroid coactivator-1 (SRC-1), the key factors in the pathogenesis of BPH. To evaluate the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for beneficial effects of BBR, we investigated whether these effects were associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. BPH induced by TP showed increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas this was suppressed by BBR treatment. On the other hand, c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was not changed in BPH rats. In in vitro study using RWPE-1 cells, a human prostate epithelial cell line. TP increased cell proliferation and BPH-related key factors such as PSA, AR, and 5AR in RWPE-1 cells, and those factors were significantly decreased in the presence of BBR. Furthermore, these proliferative effects in RWPE-1cells were attenuated by treatment with U0126, an ERK inhibitor, confirming BBR can relieve overgrowth of prostate via ERK-dependent signaling. The cotreatment of U0126 and BBR did not affect the change of 5AR nor proliferation compared with U0126 alone, suggesting that the effect of BBR was dependent on the action of ERK. In conclusion, this study shows that BBR can be used as a therapeutic agent for BPH by controlling hyperplasia of prostate through suppression of ERK mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Youn
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seona Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gahee Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Li H, Sun L, Li H, Lv X, Semukunzi H, Li R, Yu J, Yuan S, Lin S. DT-13, a saponin monomer 13 of the Dwarf lilyturf tuber, synergized with vinorelbine to induce mitotic arrest via activation of ERK signaling pathway in NCI-H1299 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1277-1285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Oxidative Stress Triggered by Apigenin Induces Apoptosis in a Comprehensive Panel of Human Cervical Cancer-Derived Cell Lines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1512745. [PMID: 28191273 PMCID: PMC5278229 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1512745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the cytotoxic effects of apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), particularly its marked inhibition of cancer cell viability both in vitro and in vivo, have attracted the attention of the anticancer drug discovery field. Despite this, there are few studies of apigenin in cervical cancer, and these studies have mostly been conducted using HeLa cells. To evaluate the possibility of apigenin as a new therapeutic candidate for cervical cancer, we evaluated its cytotoxic effects in a comprehensive panel of human cervical cancer-derived cell lines including HeLa (human papillomavirus/HPV 18-positive), SiHa (HPV 16-positive), CaSki (HPV 16 and HPV 18-positive), and C33A (HPV-negative) cells in comparison to a nontumorigenic spontaneously immortalized human epithelial cell line (HaCaT). Our results demonstrated that apigenin had a selective cytotoxic effect and could induce apoptosis in all cervical cancer cell lines which were positively marked with Annexin V, but not in HaCaT (control cells). Additionally, apigenin was able to induce mitochondrial redox impairment, once it increased ROS levels and H2O2, decreased the Δψm, and increased LPO. Still, apigenin was able to inhibit migration and invasion of cancer cells. Thus, apigenin appears to be a promising new candidate as an anticancer drug for cervical cancer induced by different HPV genotypes.
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Lim W, Park S, Bazer FW, Song G. Apigenin Reduces Survival of Choriocarcinoma Cells by Inducing Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 MAPK Pathways. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2690-9. [PMID: 26970256 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is a flavonoid found in parsley, onions, oranges, tea, chamomile, wheat, and sprouts. It has a variety of biological properties including anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-spasmodic effects. Based on epidemiological and case-control studies, apigenin is regarded as a novel chemotherapeutic agent against various cancer types. However, little is known about the effects of apigenin on choriocarcinoma cells. Therefore, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of apigenin on choriocarcinoma cells (JAR and JEG3) in the present study. Apigenin reduced viability and migratory properties, increased apoptosis, and suppressed mitochondrial membrane potential in both the JAR and JEG3 cells. In addition, apigenin predominantly decreased phosphorylation of AKT, P70RSK, and S6 whereas the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P90RSK was increased by apigenin treatment of JAR and JEG3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment of JAR and JEG3 cells with both apigenin and pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K/AKT (LY294002) and ERK1/2 (U0126) revealed synergistic anti-proliferative effects. Collectively, these results indicated that the apigenin is an invaluable chemopreventive agent that inhibits progression and metastasis of choriocarcinoma cells through regulation of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 MAPK signal transduction mechanism. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2690-2699, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whasun Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Apigenin Attenuates Melanoma Cell Migration by Inducing Anoikis through Integrin and Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition. Molecules 2015; 20:21157-66. [PMID: 26633318 PMCID: PMC6332386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a nonmutagenic flavonoid, has been found to have antitumor properties and is therefore particularly relevant for the development of chemotherapeutic agents for cancers. In this study, time- and dose-dependent cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed to determine the effects of apigenin on A2058 and A375 melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were pretreated with different concentrations of apigenin and analyzed for morphological changes, anoikis induction, cell migration, and levels of proteins associated with apoptosis. Apigenin reduced integrin protein levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), which induce anoikis in human cutaneous melanoma cells. Apigenin exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of melanoma cell migration, unlike untreated controls. Furthermore, apigenin treatment increased apoptotic factors such as caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating the metastasis of melanoma cells. Our results provide a new insight into the mechanisms by which apigenin prevents melanoma metastasis by sensitizing anoikis induced by the loss of integrin proteins in the FAK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These findings elucidate the related mechanisms and suggest the potential of apigenin in developing clinical treatment strategies against malignant melanoma.
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Lee YM, Lee G, Oh TI, Kim BM, Shim DW, Lee KH, Kim YJ, Lim BO, Lim JH. Inhibition of glutamine utilization sensitizes lung cancer cells to apigenin-induced apoptosis resulting from metabolic and oxidative stress. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:399-408. [PMID: 26573871 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown anticancer activity of apigenin by suppressing glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in cultured cancer cells; however, it is not clear whether apigenin can suppress glucose metabolism in lung cancer cells or sensitize them to inhibition of glutamine utilization-mediated apoptosis through metabolic and oxidative stress. We show that apigenin significantly decreases GLUT1 expression in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that apigenin induces growth retardation and apoptosis through metabolic and oxidative stress caused by suppression of glucose utilization in lung cancer cells. The underlying mechanisms were defined that the anticancer effects of apigenin were reversed by ectopic GLUT1 overexpression and galactose supplementation, through activation of pentose phosphate pathway-mediated NADPH generation. Importantly, we showed that severe metabolic stress using a glutaminase inhibitor, compound 968, was involved in the mechanism of sensitization by apigenin. Taken together, the combination of apigenin with inhibitors of glutamine metabolism may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Mi Lee
- Department of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-In Oh
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Wan Shim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
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Barcelos RC, Pelizzaro-Rocha KJ, Pastre JC, Dias MP, Ferreira-Halder CV, Pilli RA. A new goniothalamin N-acylated aza-derivative strongly downregulates mediators of signaling transduction associated with pancreatic cancer aggressiveness. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:745-58. [PMID: 25305718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel concise series of molecules based on the structure of goniothalamin (1) was synthesized and evaluated against a highly metastatic human pancreatic cancer cell line (Panc-1). Among them, derivative 8 displayed a low IC50 value (2.7 μM) and its concentration for decreasing colony formation was 20-fold lower than goniothalamin (1). Both compounds reduced the levels of the receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) and cyclin D1 which are known to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells. Importantly, despite the fact that goniothalamin (1) and derivative 8 caused pancreatic cancer cell cycle arrest and cell death, only derivative 8 was able to downregulate pro-survival and proliferation pathways mediated by mitogen activated protein kinase ERK1/2. Another interesting finding was that Panc-1 cells treated with derivative 8 displayed a strong decrease in the transcription factor (c-Myc), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels. Notably, the molecular effects caused by derivative 8 might not be related to ROS generation, since no significant production of ROS was observed in low concentrations of this compound (from 1.5 up to 3 μM). Therefore, the downregulation of important mediators of pancreatic cancer aggressiveness by derivative 8 reveals its great potential for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosimeire Coura Barcelos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Cezar Pastre
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Pereira Dias
- Department of Biochemistry, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Shukla S, MacLennan GT, Fu P, Gupta S. Apigenin attenuates insulin-like growth factor-I signaling in an autochthonous mouse prostate cancer model. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1506-17. [PMID: 22139534 PMCID: PMC4017263 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deregulation of IGF signaling plays an important role in prostate cancer and contributes to invasion and metastasis. We determined the effect of apigenin, a plant flavone, on IGF signaling and its downstream targets in TRAMP mice. METHODS Mice received p.o. apigenin at 20 and 50 μg/day dose for 20 weeks. ELISA, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the IGF-axis and its regulated pathway in response to apigenin intake. RESULTS Increased serum levels of IGF-I, VEGF, uPA and concomitant decrease in IGFBP-3 were observed; p-Akt (Ser473), p-ERK1 (T202/Y204) and p-ERK2 (T185/Y187) expression increased in the dorso-lateral prostate of TRAMP mice during the course of cancer progression as a function of age. P.o. administration of apigenin resulted in substantial reduction in the levels of IGF-I and increase in the levels of IGFBP-3 in the serum and the dorso-lateral prostate. This modulation of IGF/IGFBP-3 was associated with an inhibition of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2. Apigenin intake resulted in marked inhibition of VEGF, uPA, MMP-2 and MMP-9 which coincided with tumor growth inhibition and complete absence of metastasis in TRAMP mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that apigenin effectively suppressed prostate cancer progression in TRAMP mice by attenuating IGF-I/IGFBP-3 signaling and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
| | - Gregory T MacLennan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
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15
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Kramerov AA, Golub AG, Bdzhola VG, Yarmoluk SM, Ahmed K, Bretner M, Ljubimov AV. Treatment of cultured human astrocytes and vascular endothelial cells with protein kinase CK2 inhibitors induces early changes in cell shape and cytoskeleton. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 349:125-37. [PMID: 21125314 PMCID: PMC3426611 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous protein kinase CK2 is a key regulator of cell migration, proliferation and tumor growth. CK2 is abundant in retinal astrocytes, and its inhibition suppresses retinal neovascularization in a mouse retinopathy model. In human astrocytes, CK2 co-distributes with GFAP-containing intermediate filaments, which implies its association with cytoskeleton. Contrary to astrocytes, CK2 is co-localized in microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVEC) with microtubules and actin stress fibers, but not with vimentin-containing intermediate filaments. Specific CK2 inhibitors (TBB, TBI, TBCA and DMAT) and nine novel CK2 inhibiting compounds (TID43, TID46, Quinolone-7, Quinolone-39, FNH28, FNH62, FNH64, FNH68 and FNH74) were tested at 10-200 μM for their ability to induce morphological alterations in cultured human astrocytes (HAST-40), and HBMVEC (For explanation of the inhibitor names, see "Methods" section). CK2 inhibitors caused dramatic changes in shape of cultured cells with effective inhibitor concentrations between 50 and 100 μM. Attached cells retracted, acquired shortened processes, and eventually rounded up and detached. CK2 inhibitor-induced morphological alterations were completely reversible and were not blocked by caspase inhibition. However, longer treatment or higher inhibitor concentration did cause apoptosis. The speed and potency of the CK2 inhibitors effects on cell shape and adhesion were inversely correlated with serum concentration. Western analyses showed that TBB and TBCA elicited a significant (about twofold) increase in the activation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases that may be involved in cytoskeleton regulation. This novel early biological cell response to CK2 inhibition may underlie the anti-angiogenic effect of CK2 suppression in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kramerov
- Ophthalmology Research Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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16
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Betapudi V, Gokulrangan G, Chance MR, Egelhoff TT. A proteomic study of myosin II motor proteins during tumor cell migration. J Mol Biol 2011; 407:673-86. [PMID: 21316371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Myosin II motor proteins play important roles in cell migration. Although myosin II filament assembly plays a key role in the stabilization of focal contacts at the leading edge of migrating cells, the mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating the localized assembly of lamellipodial myosin II filaments are poorly understood. We performed a proteomic analysis of myosin heavy chain (MHC) phosphorylation sites in MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells to identify MHC phosphorylation sites that are activated during integrin engagement and lamellar extension on fibronectin. Fibronectin-activated MHC phosphorylation was identified on novel and previously recognized consensus sites for phosphorylation by protein kinase C and casein kinase II (CK-II). S1943, a CK-II consensus site, was highly phosphorylated in response to matrix engagement, and phosphoantibody staining revealed phosphorylation on myosin II assembled into leading-edge lamellae. Surprisingly, neither pharmacological reduction nor small inhibitory RNA reduction in CK-II activity reduced this stimulated S1943 phosphorylation. Our data demonstrate that S1943 phosphorylation is upregulated during lamellar protrusion, and that CK-II does not appear to be the kinase responsible for this matrix-induced phosphorylation event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkaiah Betapudi
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Molecular targets of apigenin in colorectal cancer cells: involvement of p21, NAG-1 and p53. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:3365-74. [PMID: 20709524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Persuasive epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that dietary flavonoids have anti-cancer activity. Since conventional therapeutic and surgical approaches have not been able to fully control the incidence and outcome of most cancer types, including colorectal neoplasia, there is an urgent need to develop alternative approaches for the management of cancer. We sought to develop the best flavonoids for the inhibition of cell growth, and apigenin (flavone) proved to be the most promising compound in colorectal cancer cell growth arrest. Subsequently, we found that pro-apoptotic proteins (NAG-1 and p53) and cell cycle inhibitor (p21) were induced in the presence of apigenin, and kinase pathways, including PKCδ and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), play an important role in activating these proteins. The data generated by in vitro experiments were confirmed in an animal study using APC(MIN+) mice. Apigenin is able to reduce polyp numbers, accompanied by increasing p53 activation through phosphorylation in animal models. Our data suggest apparent beneficial effects of apigenin on colon cancer.
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18
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Shin GC, Kim C, Lee JM, Cho WS, Lee SG, Jeong M, Cho J, Lee K. Apigenin-induced apoptosis is mediated by reactive oxygen species and activation of ERK1/2 in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 182:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Cagnol S, Chambard JC. ERK and cell death: mechanisms of ERK-induced cell death--apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. FEBS J 2009; 277:2-21. [PMID: 19843174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 976] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in almost all cell functions and therefore requires exquisite control of its spatiotemporal activity. Depending on the cell type and stimulus, ERK activity will mediate different antiproliferative events, such as apoptosis, autophagy and senescence in vitro and in vivo. ERK activity can promote either intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways by induction of mitochondrial cytochrome c release or caspase-8 activation, permanent cell cycle arrest or autophagic vacuolization. These unusual effects require sustained ERK activity in specific subcellular compartments and could depend on the presence of reactive oxygen species. We will summarize the mechanisms involved in Ras/Raf/ERK antiproliferative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Cagnol
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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20
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Shukla S, Gupta S. Apigenin suppresses insulin-like growth factor I receptor signaling in human prostate cancer: an in vitro and in vivo study. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:243-252. [PMID: 18726972 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/IGF-IR signaling has been implicated in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Agents that can suppress the mitogenic activity of the IGF/IGF-IR growth axis may be of preventive or therapeutic value. We have previously demonstrated that apigenin, a plant flavone, modulates IGF signaling through upregulation of IGFBP-3. In this study, we investigated the mechanism(s) of apigenin action on the IGF/IGF-IR signaling pathway. Exposure of human prostate cancer DU145 cells to apigenin markedly reduced IGF-I-stimulated cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Apigenin inhibited IGF-I-induced activation of IGF-IR and Akt in DU145 cells. Similar growth inhibitory and apoptotic responses were observed in PC-3 cells, which constitutively overexpress this pathway. This effect of apigenin appears to be due partially to reduced autophosphorylation of IGF-IR. Inhibition of p-Akt by apigenin resulted in decreased phosphorylation of GSK-3beta along with decreased expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of p27/kip1. In vivo administration of apigenin to PC-3 tumor xenografts inhibited tumor growth, resulted in IGF-IR inactivation and dephosphorylation of Akt and its downstream signaling. These results suggest that inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by apigenin are mediated, at least in part, by its ability to inhibit IGF/IGF-IR signaling and the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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Shukla S, Gupta S. Apigenin-induced prostate cancer cell death is initiated by reactive oxygen species and p53 activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1833-45. [PMID: 18342637 PMCID: PMC2538676 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, a plant flavone, potentially activates wild-type p53 and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. We conducted detailed studies to understand its mechanism of action. Exposure of human prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells, harboring wild-type p53, to growth-suppressive concentrations (10-80 microM) of apigenin resulted in the stabilization of p53 by phosphorylation on critical serine sites, p14ARF-mediated downregulation of MDM2 protein, inhibition of NF-kappaB/p65 transcriptional activity, and induction of p21/WAF-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apigenin at these doses resulted in ROS generation, which was accompanied by rapid glutathione depletion, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and apoptosis. Interestingly, we observed accumulation of a p53 fraction to the mitochondria, which was rapid and occurred between 1 and 3 h after apigenin treatment. All these effects were significantly blocked by pretreatment of cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha, and enzyme catalase. Apigenin-mediated p53 activation and apoptosis were further attenuated by p53 antisense oligonucleotide treatment. Exposure of cells to apigenin led to a decrease in the levels of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 and increase in Bax, triggering caspase activation. Treatment with the caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK and DEVD-CHO partially rescued these cells from apigenin-induced apoptosis. In vivo, apigenin administration demonstrated p53-mediated induction of apoptosis in 22Rv1 tumors. These results indicate that apigenin-induced apoptosis in 22Rv1 cells is initiated by a ROS-dependent disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential through transcriptional-dependent and -independent p53 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- *Corresponding author. Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Fax: +1 216 368 0213. E-mail address: (S. Gupta)
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Saracino MR, Lampe JW. Phytochemical regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: implications for cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer 2008; 59:121-41. [PMID: 18001207 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701458178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are Phase II biotransformation enzymes that metabolize endogenous and exogenous compounds, some of which have been associated with cancer risk. Many phytochemicals have been shown to induce UGTs in humans, rodents, and cell culture systems. Because UGTs maintain hormone balance and facilitate excretion of potentially carcinogenic compounds, regulation of their expression and activity may affect cancer risk. Phytochemicals regulate transcription factors such as the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), aryl hydrocarbon, and pregnane X receptors as well as proteins in several signal transduction cascades that converge on Nrf2 to stimulate UGT expression. This induction can be modified by several factors, including phytochemical dose and bioavailability and interindividual variation in enzyme expression. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of dietary modulation of UGTs, particularly by phytochemicals, and discuss the potential mechanisms by which phytochemicals regulate UGT transcription.
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23
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors protect mouse kidney cells from cyclosporine-induced cell death. Kidney Int 2008; 73:77-85. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Balasubramanian S, Zhu L, Eckert RL. Apigenin Inhibition of Involucrin Gene Expression Is Associated with a Specific Reduction in Phosphorylation of Protein Kinase Cδ Tyr311. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:36162-72. [PMID: 16982614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605368200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a plant-derived flavanoid that has significant promise as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent. In the present study, we examine the mechanism whereby apigenin regulates normal human keratinocyte differentiation. Expression of involucrin (hINV), a marker of keratinocyte differentiation, is increased by differentiating agents via a protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), Ras, MEKK1, MEK3 cascade that increases AP1 factor level and AP1 factor binding to DNA elements in the hINV promoter. We show that apigenin inhibits this response. Apigenin suppresses the 12-O-tetradeconylphorbol-13-acetate-dependent increase in AP1 factor expression and binding to the hINV promoter and the increase in hINV promoter activity. Apigenin also inhibits the increase in promoter activity observed following overexpression of PKCdelta, constitutively active Ras, or MEKK1. The suppression of PKCdelta activity is associated with reduced phosphorylation of PKCdelta-Y311. The physiological importance of this phosphorylation event was confirmed by showing that the PKCdelta phosphorylation-defective mutant, PKCdelta-Y311F, is less able to increase hINV promoter activity. Activation of hINV promoter activity by the green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigellocathecin-3-gallate, is also inhibited by apigenin, suggesting that the two chemopreventive agents can produce opposing actions in keratinocytes. Additional studies show that the apigenin-dependent suppression of differentiation is associated with reduced cell proliferation but that there is no evidence of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprakasam Balasubramanian
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4970, USA
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25
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Shukla S, Gupta S. Molecular targets for apigenin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cell xenograft. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:843-52. [PMID: 16648554 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a promising chemopreventive agent abundantly present in fruits and vegetables that has been shown to promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various malignant cell lines. To determine whether pharmacologic intervention with apigenin has a direct growth inhibitory effect on human prostate tumors implanted in athymic nude mice, we examined cell cycle regulatory molecules as precise molecular targets of apigenin action. Apigenin feeding by gavage to these mice at doses of 20 and 50 microg/mouse/d in 0.2 mL of a vehicle containing 0.5% methyl cellulose and 0.025% Tween 20 resulted in significant decreases in tumor volume and mass of androgen-sensitive 22Rv1 and androgen-insensitive PC-3-implanted cells. Oral intake of apigenin resulted in dose-dependent (a) increase in the protein expression of WAF1/p21, KIP1/p27, INK4a/p16, and INK4c/p18; (b) down-modulation of the protein expression of cyclins D1, D2, and E; and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk), cdk2, cdk4, and cdk6; (c) decrease in retinoblastoma phosphorylation at serine 780; (d) increase in the binding of cyclin D1 toward WAF1/p21 and KIP1/p27; and (e) decrease in the binding of cyclin E toward cdk2 in both types of tumors. In addition, apigenin feeding resulted in stabilization of p53 by phosphorylation at serine 15 in 22Rv1 tumors, which seems to exhibit p53-dependent growth inhibitory responses. Apigenin intake by these mice also resulted in induction of apoptosis, which positively correlated with serum and tumor apigenin levels. Taken together, this is the first systematic in vivo study showing the involvement of cell cycle regulatory proteins as potential molecular targets of apigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, The James and Eilleen Dicke Research Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Rauter AP, Martins A, Borges C, Ferreira J, Jorge J, Bronze MR, Coelho AV, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Liquid chromatography–diode array detection–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry/nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the anti-hyperglycemic flavonoid extract of Genista tenera. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1089:59-64. [PMID: 16130772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The anti-hyperglycemic flavonoid extract obtained from Genista tenera was first studied by liquid chromatography (LC)-diode array detection (DAD) which showed the presence of two major compounds. One of them was identified as genistein-7-O-glucoside. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside was detected as a minor constituent, while luteolin-7,3'-di-O-glucoside and rutin were found in trace amounts. LC-DAD-ESI-MS and NMR were used to confirm the structure of these compounds and allowed the elucidation of the structure of the unknown major compound, which is the flavonoid 5,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone-8-C-glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia P Rauter
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed C8, 5 Piso, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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