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Urushibara F, Shiozawa E, Miyachi H, Misawa M, Cho T, Takehara Y, Arai N, Funaki T, Tazawa S, Homma M, Norose T, Omatsu M, Yamochi T, Kunimura T, Tate G, Honda K, Fumio I, Kudo SE, Takimoto M. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 correlates with the invasion of T1 colorectal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3614-3620. [PMID: 29456729 PMCID: PMC5795909 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
T1 colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) are an initial site of metastatic spread. Various risk factors for lymph node metastasis have been investigated in T1 CRCs. However, the major step in the entire process of metastasis remains unclear. In terms of carcinoma invasion and metastasis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have recently gained increasing attention. Notably, MMP-7 is frequently overexpressed in CRCs, but its implication has not been determined in T1 CRCs yet. The present study aimed to clarify the associations between the pathological risk factors of T1 CRCs and MMP-7. In the current study, 211 lesions of T1 CRC that were resected endoscopically or surgically at Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital (Yokohama, Japan) between April 2008 and December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. MMP-7 was immunostained and evaluated by its frequency of expression. Pathological factors of T1 CRCs were analyzed in association with MMP-7 expression. Furthermore, the ultrastructural alterations of carcinoma invasion were examined using low vacuum-scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM). MMP-7 expression was associated with venous invasion (P=0.005), and LV-SEM revealed the disappearance of the normal structure of collagen and elastic fibers of veins invaded by tumor cells expressing MMP-7. At the invasive front, MMP-7 has a vital role in carcinoma invasion, correlating with venous invasion of T1 CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Urushibara
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Eisuke Shiozawa
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Miyachi
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Misawa
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tomonari Cho
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takehara
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Nana Arai
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Funaki
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tazawa
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mayumi Homma
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Norose
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Omatsu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiko Yamochi
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kunimura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Genshu Tate
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ishida Fumio
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Ei Kudo
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takimoto
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Merchant N, Nagaraju GP, Rajitha B, Lammata S, Jella KK, Buchwald ZS, Lakka SS, Ali AN. Matrix metalloproteinases: their functional role in lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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3
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Pereira MFN, Fernandes SAF, Nascimento AR, Siu ER, Hess RA, Oliveira CA, Porto CS, Lazari MFM. Effects of the oestrogen receptor antagonist Fulvestrant on expression of genes that affect organization of the epididymal epithelium. Andrology 2014; 2:559-71. [PMID: 24782439 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of oestrogens in epididymal function is still unclear. Knockout of the oestrogen receptor ESR1 (Esr1(-/-) ) or treatment with the anti-oestrogen Fulvestrant affect epididymal milieu and sperm motility. We investigated the effect of in vivo treatment of rats with Fulvestrant on: (i) expression of genes that may be important for the architecture and function of the epididymal epithelium: prominins 1 and 2, metalloproteinase 7, claudin 7, beta-catenin and cadherin 13, and (ii) levels of oestradiol and testosterone, and expression of oestrogen and androgen receptors, in the initial segment (IS), caput, corpus and cauda epididymis. Fulvestrant (i) reduced gene expression of prominin 1 (variant 1) in the caput, reduced prominin 1 protein content in the caput epididymis and in the efferent ductules, and increased the localization of prominin 1 in microvilli of the caput and corpus; (ii) reduced gene expression of prominin 2 in the corpus and cauda epididymis; (iii) increased the metalloproteinase 7 content in the apical region of principal cells from IS/caput; (iv) reduced in the corpus epididymis, but increased in the efferent ductules, the cadherin 13 mRNA level; (v) reduced testosterone but increased oestradiol levels in the corpus and cauda; (vi) increased the androgen receptor protein content in all regions of the epididymis, and the oestrogen receptor GPER in the corpus and cauda epididymis. In conclusion, treatment with Fulvestrant induced regional-specific changes in hormonal and steroid receptor content, and affected expression of proteins important for epithelial organization and absorption/secretion. The mechanisms of oestrogen action may differ among epididymal regions, which may contribute to determine region-specific sperm functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F N Pereira
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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4
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Thiolloy S, Edwards JR, Fingleton B, Rifkin DB, Matrisian LM, Lynch CC. An osteoblast-derived proteinase controls tumor cell survival via TGF-beta activation in the bone microenvironment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29862. [PMID: 22238668 PMCID: PMC3251607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast to bone metastases frequently induce a "vicious cycle" in which osteoclast mediated bone resorption and proteolysis results in the release of bone matrix sequestered factors that drive tumor growth. While osteoclasts express numerous proteinases, analysis of human breast to bone metastases unexpectedly revealed that bone forming osteoblasts were consistently positive for the proteinase, MMP-2. Given the role of MMP-2 in extracellular matrix degradation and growth factor/cytokine processing, we tested whether osteoblast derived MMP-2 contributed to the vicious cycle of tumor progression in the bone microenvironment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To test our hypothesis, we utilized murine models of the osteolytic tumor-bone microenvironment in immunocompetent wild type and MMP-2 null mice. In longitudinal studies, we found that host MMP-2 significantly contributed to tumor progression in bone by protecting against apoptosis and promoting cancer cell survival (caspase-3; immunohistochemistry). Our data also indicate that host MMP-2 contributes to tumor induced osteolysis (μCT, histomorphometry). Further ex vivo/in vitro experiments with wild type and MMP-2 null osteoclast and osteoblast cultures identified that 1) the absence of MMP-2 did not have a deleterious effect on osteoclast function (cd11B isolation, osteoclast differentiation, transwell migration and dentin resorption assay); and 2) that osteoblast derived MMP-2 promoted tumor survival by regulating the bioavailability of TGFβ, a factor critical for cell-cell communication in the bone (ELISA, immunoblot assay, clonal and soft agar assays). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these studies identify a novel "mini-vicious cycle" between the osteoblast and metastatic cancer cells that is key for initial tumor survival in the bone microenvironment. In conclusion, the findings of our study suggest that the targeted inhibition of MMP-2 and/or TGFβ would be beneficial for the treatment of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Thiolloy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James R. Edwards
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel B. Rifkin
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lynn M. Matrisian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Conor C. Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Human matrix metalloproteinases: an ubiquitarian class of enzymes involved in several pathological processes. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:119-208. [PMID: 22100792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn(2+) atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Various MMPs display different domain composition, which is very important for macromolecular substrates recognition. Substrate specificity is very different among MMPs, being often associated to their cellular compartmentalization and/or cellular type where they are expressed. An extensive review of the different MMPs structural and functional features is integrated with their pathological role in several types of diseases, spanning from cancer to cardiovascular diseases and to neurodegeneration. It emerges a very complex and crucial role played by these enzymes in many physiological and pathological processes.
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Thurgood LA, Sørensen ES, Ryall RL. The effect of intracrystalline and surface-bound osteopontin on the degradation and dissolution of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals in MDCKII cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 40:1-15. [PMID: 21932131 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-011-0423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, urinary crystals are associated with proteins located within the mineral bulk as well as upon their surfaces. Proteins incarcerated within the mineral phase of retained crystals could act as a defence against urolithiasis by rendering them more vulnerable to destruction by intracellular and interstitial proteases. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of intracrystalline and surface-bound osteopontin (OPN) on the degradation and dissolution of urinary calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals in cultured Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. [(14)C]-oxalate-labelled COD crystals with intracrystalline (IC), surface-bound (SB) and IC + SB OPN, were generated from ultrafiltered (UF) urine containing 0, 1 and 5 mg/L human milk OPN and incubated with MDCKII cells, using UF urine as the binding medium. Crystal size and degradation were assessed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and dissolution was quantified by the release of radioactivity into the culture medium. Crystal size decreased directly with OPN concentration. FESEM examination indicated that crystals covered with SB OPN were more resistant to cellular degradation than those containing IC OPN, whose degree of disruption appeared to be related to OPN concentration. Whether bound to the crystal surface or incarcerated within the mineral interior, OPN inhibited crystal dissolution in direct proportion to its concentration. Under physiological conditions OPN may routinely protect against stone formation by inhibiting the growth of COD crystals, which would encourage their excretion in urine and thereby perhaps partly explain why, compared with calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, COD crystals are more prevalent in urine, but less common in kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Thurgood
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Gomes GRO, Yasuhara F, Siu ER, Fernandes SAF, Avellar MCW, Lazari MFM, Porto CS. In vivo treatments with fulvestrant and anastrozole differentially affect gene expression in the rat efferent ductules. Biol Reprod 2010; 84:52-61. [PMID: 20826728 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.085340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays a key role in maintaining the morphology and function of the efferent ductules. We previously demonstrated that the antiestrogen fulvestrant markedly affected gene expression in the rat efferent ductules. The mechanism of fulvestrant action to modulate gene expression may involve not only the blockade of ESR1 and ESR2 estrogen receptors, but also the activation of ESR1 and ESR2 when the receptors are tethered to AP-1 or SP1 transcription factors, or the activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1. We therefore compared the effects of two strategies to interfere with estrogen action in the rat efferent ductules: treatment with fulvestrant or with the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole. Whereas fulvestrant markedly increased Mmp7 and Spp1, and reduced Nptx1 mRNA levels, no changes were observed with anastrozole. Fulvestrant caused changes in epithelial morphology that were not seen with anastrozole. Fulvestrant shifted MMP7 immunolocalization in the epithelial cells from the supranuclear to the apical region; this effect was less pronounced with anastrozole. In vitro studies of (35)S-methionine incorporation showed that protein release was increased, whereas tissue protein content in the efferent ductules of fulvestrant-treated rats was decreased. Although fulvestrant markedly affected gene expression, no changes were observed on AP-1 and SP1 DNA-binding activity. The blockade of ESRs seems to be the major reason explaining the differences between both treatments. At least some of the effects of fulvestrant appear to result from compensatory mechanisms activated by the dramatic changes caused by ESR1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Renata Oliveira Gomes
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto Nacional de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cleavage of E-Cadherin by Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Promotes Cellular Proliferation in Nontransformed Cell Lines via Activation of RhoA. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:530745. [PMID: 20628524 PMCID: PMC2902104 DOI: 10.1155/2010/530745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in cell-cell contact machinery occur frequently in epithelial cancers and result in increased cancer cell migration and invasion. Previously, we demonstrated that MMP-7, a protease implicated in mammary and intestinal tumor growth, can process the adherens junction component E-cadherin. This observation leads us to test whether MMP-7 processing of E-cadherin could directly impact cell proliferation in nontransformed epithelial cell lines (MDCK and C57MG). Our goal was to investigate the possibility that MMP-7 produced by cancer cells may have effects on adjacent normal epithelium. Here, we show that MMP-7 processing of E-cadherin mediates, (1) loss of cell-cell contact, (2) increased cell migration, (3) a loss of epithelial cell polarization and (4) increased cell proliferation via RhoA activation. These data demonstrate that MMP-7 promotes epithelial cell proliferation via the processing of E-cadherin and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that govern epithelial cell growth.
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Szarvas T, Becker M, vom Dorp F, Gethmann C, Tötsch M, Bánkfalvi A, Schmid KW, Romics I, Rübben H, Ergün S. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 as a marker of metastasis and predictor of poor survival in bladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1300-8. [PMID: 20180812 PMCID: PMC11158564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we investigated the prognostic relevance of MMP-7 in urinary bladder cancer. MMP-7 gene expression was measured in tissue samples of 101 patients using quantitative real-time PCR. Circulating MMP-7 serum levels of 98 individuals (79 patients and 19 controls) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared with the clinical follow-up data, performing Kaplan-Meier log-rank test as well as univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. In representative cases, immunohistochemical analysis for MMP-7 was performed. We detected significantly elevated MMP-7 levels both in tissue and serum samples of patients with metastatic disease (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that high MMP-7 tissue expression and serum concentration are stage- and grade-independent predictors of both metastasis-free (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.80, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-11.23, P = 0.016, and HR = 2.53, 95% CI, 1.01-6.37, P = 0.048) and disease-specific survival (HR = 1.89, 95% CI, 1.00-3.55, P = 0.050 and HR = 1.95, 95% CI, 1.03-3.71, P = 0.041). Based on these findings, we conclude that MMP-7 is a promising marker to detect present and to predict future metastasis. Serum MMP-7 analysis provides information about the risk of metastasis before surgery which could help to optimize therapeutic procedures. Furthermore, high MMP-7 tissue and/or serum levels could identify patients most likely to benefit from early adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Martínez-Fernandez A, García-Albeniz X, Pineda E, Visa L, Gallego R, Codony-Servat J, Augé JM, Longarón R, Gascón P, Lacy A, Castells A, Maurel J. Serum matrilysin levels predict outcome in curatively resected colorectal cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16:1412-20. [PMID: 19259740 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) is involved in invasion, metastasis, growth, and angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic role of serum MMP-7 in curatively resected colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients undergoing resection for CRC (n = 175) were recruited from July 2003 to December 2004. MMP-7 was determined using a quantitative solid phase sandwich ELISA. Cox analysis was used to assess the role of MMP-7 in predicting overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS The median length of follow-up was 45 months (range 1 to 59). Levels of MMP-7 are predictors of DFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.119, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.038-1.207) and of OS (HR 1.113, 95% CI 1.025-1.209). Patients with MMP-7 higher than the median (4.3 ng/ml) are more likely to relapse (29.5% vs 18.4%, P = .084); median time to progression in relapsed patients is 8 months if MMP-7 is > or =4.3 ng/ml and 18 months if MMP-7 is <4.3 ng/ml. Node-negative patients with low MMP-7 have a predicted probability of relapse-free survival at 4 years of 88% (95% CI 83-92%); if the MMP-7 is higher than the median value; this probability is 77% (95% CI 73-81%). CONCLUSION MMP-7 predicts recurrence in curatively resected CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Fernandez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Médica de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Epilysin (MMP-28) is deposited to the basolateral extracellular matrix of epithelial cells. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu H, Zhang T, Li X, Huang J, Wu B, Huang X, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Hou J. Predictive value of MMP-7 expression for response to chemotherapy and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:2185-92. [PMID: 18823373 PMCID: PMC11158233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental studies have suggested that matrix metalloproteinases-7 (MMP-7) expression is associated with chemoresistance and constitutes a prognostic factor in several solid tumors. The present study assessed the prognostic and predictive value of MMP-7 in tumors of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. In total, 159 patients with stage III and IV NSCLC were retrospectively enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of MMP-7, apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and FasL and the Ki-67 proliferation marker. The TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling) method was performed to investigate tumor apoptosis. Ninety carcinomas (56.6%) were identified as high expression of MMP-7. Overexpression of MMP-7 was more frequent in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.032). The expression of MMP-7 was positively related with Ki-67 index and Bcl-2, but not apoptosis index. MMP-7 status was correlated inversely with response to chemotherapy in overall patients (response rates, 20.0% and 35.8%, for patients with high-MMP-7 and low-MMP-7 tumors, respectively, P = 0.036), especially in adenocarcinoma (P = 0.021), but not in patients with squamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.373). The overall survival was significantly lower in NSCLC patients with high MMP-7 than in those with low MMP-7 (P < 0.001). A Cox regression analyses also demonstrated MMP-7 status to be a significant prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 5.49 P = 0.001). These findings suggest that the expression level of MMP-7 in tumor cells is predictive of response to chemotherapy and outcome in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Tamahashi U, Kumagai J, Takizawa T, Sekine M, Eishi Y. Expression and intracellular localization of matrix metalloproteinases in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Virchows Arch 2008; 453:79-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-008-0617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yasuhara F, Gomes GRO, Siu ER, Suenaga CI, Maróstica E, Porto CS, Lazari MFM. Effects of the antiestrogen fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) on gene expression of the rat efferent ductules. Biol Reprod 2008; 79:432-41. [PMID: 18495684 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.067413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The efferent ductules express the highest amount of estrogen receptors ESR1 (ERalpha) and ESR2 (ERbeta) within the male reproductive tract. Treatment of rats with the antiestrogen fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) causes inhibition of fluid reabsorption in the efferent ductules, leading to seminiferous tubule atrophy and infertility. To provide a more comprehensive knowledge about the molecular targets for estrogen in the rat efferent ductules, we investigated the effects of ICI 182,780 treatment on gene expression using a microarray approach. Treatment with ICI 182,780 increased or reduced at least 2-fold the expression of 263 and 98 genes, respectively. Not surprisingly, several genes that encode ion channels and macromolecule transporters were affected. Interestingly, treatment with ICI 182,780 markedly altered the expression of genes related to extracellular matrix organization. Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (Mmp7), osteopontin (Spp1), and neuronal pentraxin 1 (Nptx1) were among the most altered genes in this category. Upregulation of Mmp7 and Spp1 and downregulation of Nptx1 were validated by Northern blot. Increase in Mmp7 expression was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry and probably accounted for the decrease in collagen content observed in the efferent ductules of ICI 182,780-treated animals. Downregulation of Nptx1 probably contributed to the extracellular matrix changes and decreased amyloid deposition in the efferent ductules of ICI 182,780-treated animals. Identification of new molecular targets for estrogen action may help elucidate the regulatory role of this hormone in the male reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Yasuhara
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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Scherer RL, VanSaun MN, McIntyre JO, Matrisian LM. Optical Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Activity in Vivo Using a Proteolytic Nanobeacon. Mol Imaging 2008. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2008.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Randy L. Scherer
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Interdisciplinary Materials Science and Engineering, and Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael N. VanSaun
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Interdisciplinary Materials Science and Engineering, and Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - J. Oliver McIntyre
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Interdisciplinary Materials Science and Engineering, and Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Lynn M. Matrisian
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Interdisciplinary Materials Science and Engineering, and Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Liu H, Huang J, Wu B, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Zhang T. Matrilysin inhibits proliferation and modulates sensitivity of lung cancer cells to FasL-mediated apoptosis. Med Oncol 2008; 25:419-30. [PMID: 18340552 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-008-9057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family member MMP-7 (matrilysin) cleaves various cell-surface proteins to alter their effector functions in addition to a broad substrate specificity against extracellular matrix components. Matrilysin expression is closely associated with the advanced clinicopathological stages and unfavorable prognosis. The current study tried to describe the comprehensive impacts of matrilysin on proliferation, and focused on its influence on the susceptibility to FasL-induced apoptosis in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line. We also detected the expressions of apoptosis-relative genes to further clarify the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN The viability of A549 cells was determined by MTT and the apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit. The expressions of apoptosis-relative genes were evaluated by flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS Overall, matrilysin exhibited the inhibition of cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner by arresting in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis on A549 cells. Although it directly promoted apoptosis at high concentrations, a certain range of matrilysin might protect tumor cells from FasL-mediated death. The underlying mechanism may be due to the imbalance in the susceptibility of surface membrane-bound Fas receptor and ligand to proteolysis activity of matrilysin. CONCLUSION Our data indicated matrilysin may be multiple, multifarious, and multifaceted functions contributing to early tumor growth. A therapeutic key might be to modulate activity and function of matrilysin under diverse pathological conditions, but not completely eliminate the expression or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Street, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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Maurel J, Nadal C, Garcia-Albeniz X, Gallego R, Carcereny E, Almendro V, Mármol M, Gallardo E, Maria Augé J, Longarón R, Martínez-Fernandez A, Molina R, Castells A, Gascón P. Serum matrix metalloproteinase 7 levels identifies poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:1066-71. [PMID: 17487834 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) plays an important role in tumor growth, invasion and dissemination, and is secreted to the media. Because of the close implication of MMP-7 in cancer biology, we sought to define the prognostic significance of serum levels of MMP-7 in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and explore its possible impact in the daily clinical practice. MMP-7 expression was determined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. We assessed serum MMP-7 levels in 87 healthy controls, 96 patients with nonmetastatic CRC and 120 patients with advanced CRC. Clinical information was gathered from patient files. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess survival. MMP-7 and the variables associated with prognosis were entered and a backward elimination method was employed to adjust the model. Inclusion criteria was p </= 0.05 and exclusion criteria was p >/= 0.10. Advanced CRC patients have a significant higher mean serum MMP-7 levels (13.4 ng/ml) than those in nonmetastatic CRC (5.5 ng/ml; p < 0.001) and healthy controls (4.2 ng/ml; p < 0.001). In metastatic patients, after adjusting for other prognostic variables, MMP-7 (entered as a continuous variable) is associated with decreased survival (HR 1.016, IC 95% 1.002-1.031). Serum MMP-7 levels are significantly elevated in patients with advanced CRC. In conclusion, MMP-7 is an independent prognostic factor for survival in advanced CRC. In our sample, the risk of death associated to MMP-7 increase is much higher than the risk of death associated to lactate dehydrogenase elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Maurel
- Medical Oncology Service, Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd. Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Liu D, Nakano J, Ishikawa S, Yokomise H, Ueno M, Kadota K, Urushihara M, Huang CL. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) correlates with tumor proliferation, and a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2007; 58:384-91. [PMID: 17728005 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloporteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a member of the MMP family, and it has been reported to play an important role in tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. We performed a retrospective study on the MMP-7 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to the clinical characteristics, biological markers and the Wnt1 expression. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred forty-seven postsurgical NSCLC patients were investigated. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the MMP-7 expression, the Ki-67 proliferation index, tumor angiogenesis and the Wnt1 expression. The TUNEL method was performed to investigate tumor apoptosis. RESULTS Seventy-six carcinomas (51.7%) were MMP-7-positive. The MMP-7 expression was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas (P<0.0001). The Ki-67 proliferation index was significantly higher in MMP-7-positvie tumors than in MMP-7-negative tumors (P=0.0003). However, there was no difference in the MMP-7 expression in relation to apoptosis or angiogenesis. Regarding its regulation, the MMP-7 expression significantly correlated with the Wnt1 expression (r=0.426, P<0.0001). The overall survival was significantly lower in patients with MMP-7-positive NSCLCs than in those with MMP-7-negative NSCLCs (P=0.0018). A Cox regression analyses also demonstrated MMP-7 status to be a significant prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 2.187; P=0.0023). CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of MMP-7 was associated with tumor proliferation, and a poor prognosis in NSCLCs. In addition, Wnt1 may play a critical role in regulating the intratumoral MMP-7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dage Liu
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Hajj R, Lesimple P, Nawrocki-Raby B, Birembaut P, Puchelle E, Coraux C. Human airway surface epithelial regeneration is delayed and abnormal in cystic fibrosis. J Pathol 2007; 211:340-50. [PMID: 17186573 DOI: 10.1002/path.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) at an advanced stage of the disease is characterized by airway epithelial injury and remodelling. Whether CF remodelling is related to infection and inflammation or due to an abnormal regenerative process is still undecided. We have recently established the expression and secretion profiles of interleukin (IL)-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 during non-CF airway epithelial regeneration in a humanized nude mouse xenograft model. To enhance our understanding of CF remodelling, we compared the regeneration process of non-infected human CF and non-CF nasal epithelia. In both CF and non-CF situations, epithelial regeneration was characterized by successive steps of cell adhesion and migration, proliferation, pseudostratification, and terminal differentiation. However, histological examination of the grafts showed a delay in differentiation of the CF airway epithelium. Cell proliferation was higher in the regenerating CF epithelium, and the differentiated CF epithelium exhibited a pronounced height increase and basal cell hyperplasia in comparison with non-CF epithelium. In addition, while the number of goblet cells expressing MUC5AC was similar in CF and non-CF regenerated epithelia, the number of MUC5B-immunopositive goblet cells was lower in CF grafts. The expression of human IL-8, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 was enhanced in CF epithelium, especially early in the regenerative process. Together, our data strongly suggest that the regeneration of human CF airway surface epithelium is characterized by remodelling, delayed differentiation, and altered pro-inflammatory and MMP responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hajj
- INSERM U514, Reims, France; Université de Reims, IFR53, Reims, France
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Lotem J, Sachs L. Epigenetics and the plasticity of differentiation in normal and cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2006; 25:7663-72. [PMID: 16847453 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells are characterized by their differentiation to all cell types during embryogenesis. In adult life, different tissues also have somatic stem cells, called adult stem cells, which in specific niches can undergo multipotent differentiation. The use of these adult stem cells has considerable therapeutic potential for the regeneration of damaged tissues. In both embryonic and adult stem cells, differentiation is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms, and the plasticity of differentiation in these cells is associated with transcription accessibility for genes expressed in different normal tissues. Abnormalities in genetic and/or epigenetic controls can lead to development of cancer, which is maintained by self-renewing cancer stem cells. Although the genetic abnormalities produce defects in growth and differentiation in cancer stem cells, these cells have not always lost the ability to undergo differentiation through epigenetic changes that by-pass the genomic abnormalities, thus creating the basis for differentiation therapy. Like normal stem cells, cancer stem cells can show plasticity for differentiation. This plasticity of cancer stem cells is also associated with transcription accessibility for genes that are normally expressed in different tissues, including tissues other than those from which the cancers originated. This broad transcription accessibility can also contribute to the behavior of cancer cells by overexpressing genes that promote cell viability, growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lotem
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Ii M, Yamamoto H, Adachi Y, Maruyama Y, Shinomura Y. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (matrilysin) in human cancer invasion, apoptosis, growth, and angiogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2006; 231:20-7. [PMID: 16380641 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, also known as matrilysin, is a "minimal domain MMP" that exhibits proteolytic activity against components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrilysin is frequently overexpressed in human cancer tissues and is associated with cancer progression. Tumorigenesis is a multistep process involving cell growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Matrilysin has been shown to play important roles not only in degradation of ECM proteins, but also in the regulation of several biochemical processes such as activation, degradation, and shedding of non-ECM proteins. This minire-view provides a summary of the current literature on the roles of matrilysin in tumorigenesis with a focus on the roles of modifications of non-ECM proteins by matrilysin and other related MMPs in tumorigenesis. Proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein by matrilysin results in increased bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors and enhanced cellular proliferation. Matrilysin has also been implicated in the ectodomain shedding of several cell surface molecules. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor precursor (proHB-EGF) is cleaved by matrilysin into mature HB-EGF, which promotes cellular proliferation. Membrane-bound Fas ligand (FasL) is cleaved into soluble FasL, which increases apoptosis of cells adjacent to tumor cells. E-cadherin is converted to soluble E-cadherin to promote invasion. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha precursor is cleaved to release soluble TNF-alpha to increase apoptosis. We propose that these matrilysin-mediated pathways provide the necessary and logical mechanisms to promote cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ii
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
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McLaughlin JN, Shen L, Holinstat M, Brooks JD, Dibenedetto E, Hamm HE. Functional selectivity of G protein signaling by agonist peptides and thrombin for the protease-activated receptor-1. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:25048-59. [PMID: 15878870 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414090200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin activates protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) by cleavage of the amino terminus to unmask a tethered ligand. Although peptide analogs can activate PAR-1, we show that the functional responses mediated via PAR-1 differ between the agonists. Thrombin caused endothelial monolayer permeability and mobilized intracellular calcium with EC(50) values of 0.1 and 1.7 nm, respectively. The opposite order of activation was observed for agonist peptide (SFLLRN-CONH(2) or TFLLRNKPDK) activation. The addition of inactivated thrombin did not affect agonist peptide signaling, suggesting that the differences in activation mechanisms are intramolecular in origin. Although activation of PAR-1 or PAR-2 by agonist peptides induced calcium mobilization, only PAR-1 activation affected barrier function. Induced barrier permeability is likely to be Galpha(12/13)-mediated as chelation of Galpha(q)-mediated intracellular calcium with BAPTA-AM, pertussis toxin inhibition of Galpha(i/o), or GM6001 inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase had no effect, whereas Y-27632 inhibition of the Galpha(12/13)-mediated Rho kinase abrogated the response. Similarly, calcium mobilization is Galpha(q)-mediated and independent of Galpha(i/o) and Galpha(12/13) because pertussis toxin Y-27632 and had no effect, whereas U-73122 inhibition of phospholipase C-beta blocked the response. It is therefore likely that changes in permeability reflect Galpha(12/13) activation, and changes in calcium reflect Galpha(q) activation, implying that the pharmacological differences between agonists are likely caused by the ability of the receptor to activate Galpha(12/13) or Galpha(q). This functional selectivity was characterized quantitatively by a mathematical model describing each step leading to Rho activation and/or calcium mobilization. This model provides an estimate that peptide activation alters receptor/G protein binding to favor Galpha(q) activation over Galpha(12/13) by approximately 800-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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