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Liu Y, Niu R, Deng R, Wang Y, Song S, Zhang H. Multi-Enzyme Co-Expressed Nanomedicine for Anti-Metastasis Tumor Therapy by Up-Regulating Cellular Oxidative Stress and Depleting Cholesterol. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307752. [PMID: 37734072 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells movement and migration are inseparable from the integrity of lipid rafts and the formation of lamellipodia, and lipid rafts are also a prerequisite for the formation of lamellipodia. Therefore, destroying the lipid rafts is an effective strategy to inhibit tumor metastasis. Herein, a multi-enzyme co-expressed nanomedicine: cholesterol oxidase (CHO) loaded Co─PN3 single-atom nanozyme (Co─PN3 SA/CHO) that can up-regulate cellular oxidative stress, disrupt the integrity of lipid rafts, and inhibit lamellipodia formation to induce anti-metastasis tumor therapy, is developed. In this process, Co─PN3 SA can catalyze oxygen (O2 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via oxidase-like and Fenton-like properties. The doping of P atoms optimizes the adsorption process of the intermediate at the active site and enhances the ROS generation properties of nanomedicine. Meantime, O2 produced by catalase-like catalysis can combine with excess cholesterol to generate more H2 O2 under CHO catalysis, achieving enhanced oxidative damage to tumor cells. Most importantly, cholesterol depletion in tumor cells also disrupts the integrity of lipid rafts and inhibits the formation of lamellipodia, greatly inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. This strategy by up-regulating cellular oxidative stress and depleting cellular cholesterol constructs a new idea for anti-metastasis-oriented cancer therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Rui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ruiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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2
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Verhoeff TJ, Holloway AF, Dickinson JL. Non-coding RNA regulation of integrins and their potential as therapeutic targets in cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:239-250. [PMID: 36512308 PMCID: PMC10060301 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are integral to cell signalling and management of the extracellular matrix, and exquisite regulation of their expression is essential for a variety of cell signalling pathways, whilst disordered regulation is a key driver of tumour progression and metastasis. Most recently non-coding RNAs in the form of micro-RNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have emerged as a key mechanism by which tissue dependent gene expression is controlled. Whilst historically these molecules have been poorly understood, advances in 'omic' technologies and a greater understanding of non-coding regions of the genome have revealed that non-coding RNAs make up a large proportion of the transcriptome. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES This review examines the regulation of integrin genes by ncRNAs, provides and overview of their mechanism of action and highlights how exploitation of these discoveries is informing the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer. MiRNA molecules have been the most extensively characterised and negatively regulate most integrin genes, classically regulating genes through binding to recognition sequences in the mRNA 3'-untranslated regions of gene transcripts. LncRNA mechanisms of action are now being elucidated and appear to be more varied and complex, and may counter miRNA molecules, directly engage integrin mRNA transcripts, and guide or block both transcription factors and epigenetic machinery at integrin promoters or at other points in integrin regulation. Integrins as therapeutic targets are of enormous interest given their roles as oncogenes in a variety of tumours, and emerging therapeutics mimicking ncRNA mechanisms of action are already being trialled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Joseph Verhoeff
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart (Tasmania), Australia
| | - Adele F Holloway
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart (Tasmania), Australia
| | - Joanne L Dickinson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart (Tasmania), Australia.
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3
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Chen X, Chen Y, Wang C, Jiang Y, Chu X, Wu F, Wu Y, Cai X, Cao Y, Liu Y, Bu W. NIR‐Triggered Intracellular H
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Transients for Lamellipodia‐Collapsed Antimetastasis and Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Xu Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Yelin Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Cai
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200011 P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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4
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Chen X, Chen Y, Wang C, Jiang Y, Chu X, Wu F, Wu Y, Cai X, Cao Y, Liu Y, Bu W. NIR-Triggered Intracellular H + Transients for Lamellipodia-Collapsed Antimetastasis and Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21905-21910. [PMID: 34322970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In solid tumors, tumor invasion and metastasis account for 90 % of cancer-related deaths. Cell migration is steered by the lamellipodia formed at the leading edge. These lamellipodia can drive the cell body forward by its mechanical deformation regulated by cofilin. Inhibiting cofilin activity can cause significant defects in directional lamellipodia formation and the locomotory capacity of cell invasion, thus contributing to antimetastatic treatment. Herein, a near infrared light (NIR)-controlled nanoscale proton supplier was designed with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as a core coated in MIL-88B for interior photoacids loading; this photoacids loading can boost H+ transients in cells, which converts the cofilin to an inactive form. Strikingly, inactive cofilin loses the ability to mediate lamellipodia deformation for cell migration. Additionally, the iron, which serves as a catalyticaly active center in MIL-88B, initiates an enhanced Fenton reaction due to the increased H+ in the tumor, ultimately achieving intensive chemodynamic therapy (CDT). This work provides new insight into H+ transients in cells, which not only regulates cofilin protonation for antimetastatic treatment but also improves chemodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yelin Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Cai
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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5
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Werle SD, Schwab JD, Tatura M, Kirchhoff S, Szekely R, Diels R, Ikonomi N, Sipos B, Sperveslage J, Gress TM, Buchholz M, Kestler HA. Unraveling the Molecular Tumor-Promoting Regulation of Cofilin-1 in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:725. [PMID: 33578795 PMCID: PMC7916621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilin-1 (CFL1) overexpression in pancreatic cancer correlates with high invasiveness and shorter survival. Besides a well-documented role in actin remodeling, additional cellular functions of CFL1 remain poorly understood. Here, we unraveled molecular tumor-promoting functions of CFL1 in pancreatic cancer. For this purpose, we first show that a knockdown of CFL1 results in reduced growth and proliferation rates in vitro and in vivo, while apoptosis is not induced. By mechanistic modeling we were able to predict the underlying regulation. Model simulations indicate that an imbalance in actin remodeling induces overexpression and activation of CFL1 by acting on transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and aurora kinase A (AURKA). Moreover, we could predict that CFL1 impacts proliferation and apoptosis via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These initial model-based regulations could be substantiated by studying protein levels in pancreatic cancer cell lines and human datasets. Finally, we identified the surface protein CD44 as a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer patients with high CFL1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke D. Werle
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.D.W.); (J.D.S.); (R.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Julian D. Schwab
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.D.W.); (J.D.S.); (R.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Marina Tatura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.T.); (S.K.); (R.D.); (T.M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Sandra Kirchhoff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.T.); (S.K.); (R.D.); (T.M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Robin Szekely
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.D.W.); (J.D.S.); (R.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Ramona Diels
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.T.); (S.K.); (R.D.); (T.M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Nensi Ikonomi
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.D.W.); (J.D.S.); (R.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Sperveslage
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Thomas M. Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.T.); (S.K.); (R.D.); (T.M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.T.); (S.K.); (R.D.); (T.M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.D.W.); (J.D.S.); (R.S.); (N.I.)
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6
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Mierke CT. Mechanical Cues Affect Migration and Invasion of Cells From Three Different Directions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583226. [PMID: 33043017 PMCID: PMC7527720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion is a key driving factor for providing essential cellular functions under physiological conditions or the malignant progression of tumors following downward the metastatic cascade. Although there has been plentiful of molecules identified to support the migration and invasion of cells, the mechanical aspects have not yet been explored in a combined and systematic manner. In addition, the cellular environment has been classically and frequently assumed to be homogeneous for reasons of simplicity. However, motility assays have led to various models for migration covering only some aspects and supporting factors that in some cases also include mechanical factors. Instead of specific models, in this review, a more or less holistic model for cell motility in 3D is envisioned covering all these different aspects with a special emphasis on the mechanical cues from a biophysical perspective. After introducing the mechanical aspects of cell migration and invasion and presenting the heterogeneity of extracellular matrices, the three distinct directions of cell motility focusing on the mechanical aspects are presented. These three different directions are as follows: firstly, the commonly used invasion tests using structural and structure-based mechanical environmental signals; secondly, the mechano-invasion assay, in which cells are studied by mechanical forces to migrate and invade; and thirdly, cell mechanics, including cytoskeletal and nuclear mechanics, to influence cell migration and invasion. Since the interaction between the cell and the microenvironment is bi-directional in these assays, these should be accounted in migration and invasion approaches focusing on the mechanical aspects. Beyond this, there is also the interaction between the cytoskeleton of the cell and its other compartments, such as the cell nucleus. In specific, a three-element approach is presented for addressing the effect of mechanics on cell migration and invasion by including the effect of the mechano-phenotype of the cytoskeleton, nucleus and the cell's microenvironment into the analysis. In precise terms, the combination of these three research approaches including experimental techniques seems to be promising for revealing bi-directional impacts of mechanical alterations of the cellular microenvironment on cells and internal mechanical fluctuations or changes of cells on the surroundings. Finally, different approaches are discussed and thereby a model for the broad impact of mechanics on cell migration and invasion is evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Disintegrins extracted from totonacan rattlesnake (Crotalus totonacus) venom and their anti-adhesive and anti-migration effects on MDA-MB-231 and HMEC-1 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Giardino E, Catalano R, Barbieri AM, Treppiedi D, Mangili F, Spada A, Arosio M, Mantovani G, Peverelli E. Cofilin is a mediator of RET-promoted medullary thyroid carcinoma cell migration, invasion and proliferation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 495:110519. [PMID: 31352037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that originates from parafollicular thyroid C cells and accounts for 5% of thyroid cancers. In inherited cases of MTC, and in about 40% of sporadic cases, activating mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase proto-oncogene RET are found. Constitutively active RET triggers signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival and motility, but the mechanisms underlying malignant transformation of C-cells have been only partially elucidated. Cofilin is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. A crucial role of cofilin in tumor development, progression, invasion and metastasis has been demonstrated in different human cancers, but no data are available in MTC. Interestingly, RET activation upregulates cofilin gene expression. The aim of this study was to investigate cofilin contribution in invasiveness and growth of MTC cells, and its relevance in the context of mutant RET signaling. We found that cofilin transfection in human MTC cell line TT significantly increased migration (178 ± 44%, p < 0.001), invasion (165 ± 28%, p < 0.01) and proliferation (146 ± 18%, p < 0.001), accompanied by an increase of ERK1/2 phosphorylation (2.23-fold) and cyclin D1 levels (1.43-fold). Accordingly, all these responses were significantly reduced after genetic silencing of cofilin (-55 ± 10% migration, p < 0.001, -41 ± 8% invasion, p < 0.001, -17 ± 3% proliferation, p < 0.001). These results have been confirmed in primary cells cultures obtained from human MTCs. The inhibition of constitutively active RET in TT cells by both the RET pharmacological inhibitor RPI-1 and the transfection of dominant negative RET mutant (RETΔTK) resulted in a reduction of cofilin expression (-37 ± 8%, p < 0.001 and -31 ± 16%, p < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, RPI-1 inhibitory effects on TT cell migration (-57 ± 13%, p < 0.01), but not on cell proliferation, were completely abolished in cells transfected with cofilin. In conclusion, these data indicate that an unbalanced cofilin expression, induced by oncogenic RET, contributes to promote MTC invasiveness and growth, suggesting the possibility of targeting cofilin pathway for more effective treatment of MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giardino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - R Catalano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Endocrinological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Barbieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D Treppiedi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Mangili
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Spada
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - E Peverelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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9
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Xu H, Yuan Y, Wu W, Zhou M, Jiang Q, Niu L, Ji J, Liu N, Zhang L, Wang X. Hypoxia stimulates invasion and migration of human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa/SiHa through the Rab11 trafficking of integrin αvβ3/FAK/PI3K pathway-mediated Rac1 activation. J Biosci 2018; 42:491-499. [PMID: 29358562 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-017-9699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia plays a key role in tumour cell survival, invasion, and metastasis. An increasing number of studies have attempted to characterize the tumour response to hypoxia and to identify predictive markers of disease. Here we show that hypoxia increases tumour cell invasion and migration by the modulation of Rab11, an important molecule for vesicular trafficking. In our study, we found that Rab11, together with the activation of Rac1, could stimulate invasion and migration of cervical cancer cell lines HeLa/SiHa in hypoxia. Activation of Rac1 activity by hypoxia seems to be central to carcinoma invasion. We also found that these effects could be related to the integrin αvβ3. In addition, we studied the molecular pathway for this process. Our results showed that in cervical cancer cell lines HeLa/SiHa, Rac1 activation in hypoxia could stimulate invasion and migration, and this process was mediated by integrin αvβ3-mediated FAK and PI3K phosphorylation. Furthermore, hypoxia induced a dramatic increase in αvβ3 integrin surface expression, and this increase is dependent on Rab11. In conclusion, our study might provide a new mechanism for the effect of hypoxia on stimulating cervical carcinoma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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10
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da Costa Fernandes CJ, Ferreira MR, Bezerra FJB, Zambuzzi WF. Zirconia stimulates ECM-remodeling as a prerequisite to pre-osteoblast adhesion/proliferation by possible interference with cellular anchorage. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:41. [PMID: 29582191 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological response to zirconia (ZrO2) is not completely understood, which prompted us to address its effect on pre-osteoblastic cells in both direct and indirect manner. Our results showed that zirconia triggers important intracellular signaling mainly by governing survival signals which leads to cell adhesion and proliferation by modulating signaling cascade responsible for dynamic cytoskeleton rearrangement, as observed by fluorescence microscopy. The phosphorylations of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Rac1 decreased in response to ZrO2 enriched medium. This corroborates the result of the crystal violet assay, which indicated a significant decrease of pre-osteoblast adhesion in responding to ZrO2 enriched medium. However, we credit this decrease on pre-osteoblast adhesion to the need to govern intracellular repertory of intracellular pathways involved with cell cycle progression, because we found a significant up-phosphorylation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)-p38 and Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), while p15 (a cell cycle suppressor) decreased. Importantly, Protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) activity decreased, guaranteeing the significant up-phosphorylation of MAPK -p38 in response to ZrO2 enriched medium. Complementarily, there was a regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in response to Zirconia and this remodeling could affect cell phenotype by interfering on cell anchorage. Altogether, our results show a repertory of signaling molecules, which suggests that ECM remodel as a pre-requisite to pre-osteoblast phenotype by affecting their anchoring in responding to zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celio J da Costa Fernandes
- Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Lab, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Rodrigues Ferreira
- Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Lab, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio J B Bezerra
- Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Lab, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian F Zambuzzi
- Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Lab, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Gasparski AN, Ozarkar S, Beningo KA. Transient mechanical strain promotes the maturation of invadopodia and enhances cancer cell invasion in vitro. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1965-1978. [PMID: 28446539 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion is influenced by various biomechanical forces found within the microenvironment. We have previously found that invasion is enhanced in fibrosarcoma cells when transient mechanical stimulation is applied within an in vitro mechano-invasion assay. This enhancement of invasion is dependent on cofilin (CFL1), a known regulator of invadopodia maturation. Invadopodia are actin-rich structures present in invasive cancer cells that are enzymatically active and degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix to facilitate invasion. In this study, we examine changes in gene expression in response to tugging on matrix fibers. Interestingly, we find that integrin β3 expression is downregulated and leads to an increase in cofilin activity, as evidenced by a reduction in its Ser3 phosphorylation levels. As a result, invadopodia lengthen and have increased enzymatic activity, indicating that transient mechanical stimulation promotes the maturation of invadopodia leading to increased levels of cell invasion. Our results are unique in defining an invasive mechanism specific to the invasive process of cancer cells that is triggered by tugging forces in the microenvironment, as opposed to rigidity, compression or stretch forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Gasparski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202-3917, USA
| | - Snehal Ozarkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202-3917, USA
| | - Karen A Beningo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202-3917, USA
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12
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He X, Gao Q, Qiang Y, Guo W, Ma Y. Cucurbitacin E induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells via cofilin-1 and mTORC1. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4905-4910. [PMID: 28599494 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E is an important member of the cucurbitacin family and exhibits inhibitory effects in various types of cancer. Cucurbitacin is a potential antineoplastic drug; however, its anticancer effect in human prostate cancer (PC) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the effect of cucurbitacin E on the cell viability and apoptosis of the human PC cell line, LNCaP, was mediated by cofilin-1- and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The results of the present study demonstrated that cucurbitacin E significantly exhibited cytotoxicity, suppressed cell viability (P<0.0001) and induced apoptosis (P=0.0082) in LNCaP cells. In addition, it was demonstrated that treatment with cucurbitacin E significantly induced cofilin-1 (P=0.0031), p-mTOR (P=0.0022), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK; P=0.0048), cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53; P=0.0018) and caspase-9 (P=0.0026) protein expression in LNCaP cells, suggesting that cucurbitacin E exerts its effects on LNCaP cells through cofilin-1, mTOR, AMPK, p53 and caspase-9 signaling. These results suggested that cucurbitacin E maybe used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of human PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong He
- Department of Urology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Urology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Yayong Qiang
- Department of Urology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Urology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Ma
- Department of Urology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
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13
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Niu X, Pi SL, Baral S, Xia YP, He QW, Li YN, Jin HJ, Li M, Wang MD, Mao L, Hu B. P2Y 12 Promotes Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Through Cofilin Dephosphorylation During Atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:515-524. [PMID: 28062501 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE P2Y12 is a well-recognized receptor expressed on platelets and the target of thienopyridine-type antiplatelet drugs. However, recent evidence suggests that P2Y12 expressed in vessel wall plays a role in atherogenesis, but the mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms of how vessel wall P2Y12 mediates vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and promotes the progression of atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using a high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice model, we found that the expression of P2Y12 in VSMCs increased in a time-dependent manner and had a linear relationship with the plaque area. Moreover, administration of P2Y12 receptor antagonist for 12 weeks caused significant reduction in atheroma and decreased the abundance of VSMCs in plaque. In cultured VSMCs, we found that activation of P2Y12 receptor inhibited cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway, which induced cofilin dephosphorylation and filamentous actin disassembly, thereby enhancing VSMCs motility and migration. In addition, the number of P2Y12-positive VSMCs was decreased in the carotid artery plaque from patients receiving clopidogrel. CONCLUSIONS Vessel wall P2Y12 receptor, which promotes VSMCs migration through cofilin dephosphorylation, plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerotic lesion and may be used as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Niu
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Lan Pi
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suraj Baral
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Peng Xia
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan-Wei He
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Juan Jin
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Die Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- From the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Saviola AJ, Burns PD, Mukherjee AK, Mackessy SP. The disintegrin tzabcanin inhibits adhesion and migration in melanoma and lung cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:457-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Smith BN, Bhowmick NA. Role of EMT in Metastasis and Therapy Resistance. J Clin Med 2016; 5:E17. [PMID: 26828526 PMCID: PMC4773773 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex molecular program that regulates changes in cell morphology and function during embryogenesis and tissue development. EMT also contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Cells undergoing EMT expand out of and degrade the surrounding microenvironment to subsequently migrate from the primary site. The mesenchymal phenotype observed in fibroblasts is specifically important based on the expression of smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1), and collagen to enhance EMT. Although EMT is not completely dependent on EMT regulators such as Snail, Twist, and Zeb-1/-2, analysis of upstream signaling (i.e., TGF-β, EGF, Wnt) is necessary to understand tumor EMT more comprehensively. Tumor epithelial-fibroblast interactions that regulate tumor progression have been identified during prostate cancer. The cellular crosstalk is significant because these events influence therapy response and patient outcome. This review addresses how canonical EMT signals originating from prostate cancer fibroblasts contribute to tumor metastasis and recurrence after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany N Smith
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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16
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Liu L, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang F, Zhang R, Chen X, Brakebusch C, Wang Z, Liu X. Cofilin phosphorylation is elevated after F-actin disassembly induced by Rac1 depletion. Biofactors 2015; 41:352-9. [PMID: 26496994 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal reorganization is essential to keratinocyte function. Rac1 regulates cytoskeletal reorganization through signaling pathways such as the cofilin cascade. Cofilin severs actin filaments after activation by dephosphorylation. Rac1 was knocked out in mouse keratinocytes and it was found that actin filaments disassembled. In the epidermis of mice in which Rac1 was knocked out only in keratinocytes, cofilin phosphorylation was aberrantly elevated, corresponding to repression of the phosphatase slingshot1 (SSH1). These effects were independent of the signaling pathways for p21-activated kinase/LIM kinase (Pak/LIMK), protein kinase C, or protein kinase D or generation of reactive oxygen species. Similarly, when actin polymerization was specifically inhibited or Rac1 was knocked down, cofilin phosphorylation was enhanced and SSH1 was repressed. Repression of SSH1 partially blocked actin depolymerization induced by Rac1 depletion. Therefore, aberrant cofilin phosphorylation that induces actin polymerization might be a consequence of actin disassembly induced by the absence of Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liwang Zhang
- Scientific Research Department, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- BRIC Biomedical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyou Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Xu CS, Wang ZF, Huang XD, Dai LM, Cao CJ, Li ZQ. Involvement of ROS-alpha v beta 3 integrin-FAK/Pyk2 in the inhibitory effect of melatonin on U251 glioma cell migration and invasion under hypoxia. J Transl Med 2015; 13:95. [PMID: 25889845 PMCID: PMC4371719 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin, a well-known antioxidant, has been shown to possess anti-invasive properties for glioma. However, little is known about the effect of melatonin on glioma cell migration and invasion under hypoxia, which is a crucial microenvironment for tumor progress. In addition, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) are closely associated with cell migration and invasion. Therefore, we investigated the possible role of these kinases and its related signaling in the regulation of human U251 glioma cells behavior by melatonin under hypoxia. METHODS The abilities of migration and invasion of U251 glioma cells were determined by wound healing and transwell assay in vitro. The intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by using the fluorescent probe 6-carboxy-2', 7'-dichorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Immunofluorescence experiments and western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression level of protein. Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) was used to silence specific gene expression. RESULTS The pharmacologic concentration (1 mM) of melatonin significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of human U251 glioma cells under hypoxia. The inhibitory effect of melatonin was accompanied with the reduced phosphorylation of FAK and Pyk2, and decreased expression of alpha v beta 3 (αvβ3) integrin. Additionally, inhibition of αvβ3 integrin by siRNA reduced the phosphorylation of FAK/Pyk2 and demonstrated the similar anti-tumor effects as melatonin, suggesting the involvement of αvβ3 integrin- FAK/Pyk2 pathway in the anti-migratory and anti-invasive effect of melatonin. It was also found that melatonin treatment decreased the ROS levels in U251 glioma cells cultured under hypoxia. ROS inhibitor apocynin not only inhibited αvβ3 integrin expression and the phosphorylation levels of FAK and Pyk2, but also suppressed the migratory and invasive capacity of U251 glioma cells under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that melatonin exerts anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects on glioma cells in response to hypoxia via ROS-αvβ3 integrin-FAK/Pyk2 signaling pathways. This provides evidence that melatonin may be a potential therapeutic molecule targeting the hypoxic microenvironment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of basic medical science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital of Shiyan, Shiyan, 442000, PR China.
| | - Li-Ming Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Chang-Jun Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China. .,Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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18
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Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of recombinant CBD–HepII polypeptide of human fibronectin inhibits metastasis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 143:33-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Tahtamouni LH, Shaw AE, Hasan MH, Yasin SR, Bamburg JR. Non-overlapping activities of ADF and cofilin-1 during the migration of metastatic breast tumor cells. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:45. [PMID: 24093776 PMCID: PMC3850953 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADF/cofilin proteins are key modulators of actin dynamics in metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Here we focused on the roles of ADF and cofilin-1 individually in the development of polarized migration of rat mammary adenocarcinoma (MTLn3) cells, which express nearly equal amounts of each protein. Small interference RNA (siRNA) technology was used to knockdown (KD) the expression of ADF and cofilin-1 independently. RESULTS Either ADF KD or cofilin KD caused cell elongation, a reduction in cell area, a decreased ability to form invadopodia, and a decreased percentage of polarized cells after 180 s of epidermal growth factor stimulation. Moreover, ADF KD or cofilin KD increased the rate of cell migration and the time of lamellipodia protrusion but through different mechanisms: lamellipodia protrude more frequently in ADF KD cells and are more persistent in cofilin KD cells. ADF KD cells showed a significant increase in F-actin aggregates, whereas cofilin KD cells showed a significant increase in prominent F-actin bundles and increased cell adhesion. Focal adhesion area and cell adhesion in cofilin KD cells were returned to control levels by expressing exogenous cofilin but not ADF. Return to control rates of cell migration in ADF KD cells was achieved by expression of exogenous ADF but not cofilin, whereas in cofilin KD cells, expression of cofilin efficiently rescued control migration rates. CONCLUSION Although ADF and cofilin have many redundant functions, each of these isoforms has functional differences that affect F-actin structures, cell adhesion and lamellipodial dynamics, all of which are important determinants of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna H Tahtamouni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Alisa E Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Maram H Hasan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Salem R Yasin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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20
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Georgoulis A, Havaki S, Drosos Y, Goutas N, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Aleporou-Marinou V, Kittas C, Marinos E, Kouloukoussa M. RGD binding to integrin alphavbeta3 affects cell motility and adhesion in primary human breast cancer cultures. Ultrastruct Pathol 2012. [PMID: 23181508 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2012.681834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Integrin alphavbeta3 recognizes the RGD motif as a ligand-binding site and has been associated with high malignant potential in breast cancer cells, signaling the onset of widespread metastasis. In recent years, several antagonists of integrin alphavbeta3, including RGD peptides, have been used as potential anti-cancer agents. In the present work, the effect of the linear RGD hexapeptide GRGDSP was studied, for the first time, on breast tumor explants, as well as on well-spread human breast cancer cells from primary cultures, using the explant technique, to clarify the role of this peptide in the suppression of breast cancer cell migration. The results showed that incubation of breast tumor explants with RGD peptide at the beginning of culture development inhibited completely the migration of cancer cells out of the tissue fragment as revealed by electron microscopy. RGD incubation of well-spread breast cancer cells from primary culture resulted in rounding and shrinkage of the cells accompanied by altered distribution of integrin alphavbeta3 and concomitant F-actin cytoskeletal disorganization, as revealed by immunofluorescence. Electron immunocytochemistry showed aggregation of integrin alphavbeta3 at the cell periphery and its detection in noncoated vesicles. However, Western immunoblotting showed no change in beta3 subunit expression, despite the altered distribution of the integrin alphavbeta3. In light of the above, it appears that the RGD peptide plays an important role in the modulation of cell motility and in the perturbation of cell attachment affecting the malignant potential of breast cancer cells in primary cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Georgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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21
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Orgaz JL, Sanz-Moreno V. Emerging molecular targets in melanoma invasion and metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:39-57. [PMID: 23095214 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cutaneous melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths due to its aggressiveness and high resistance to current therapies. To efficiently metastasize, invasive melanoma cells need to change their cytoskeletal organization and alter contacts with the extracellular matrix and the surrounding stromal cells. Melanoma cells can use different migratory strategies depending on varying environments to exit the primary tumour mass and invade surrounding and later distant tissues. In this review, we have focused on tumour cell plasticity or the interconvertibility that melanoma cells have as one of the factors that contribute to melanoma metastasis. This has been an area of very intense research in the last 5 yr yielding a vast number of findings. We have therefore reviewed all the possible clinical opportunities that this new knowledge offers to both stratify and treat cutaneous malignant melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Orgaz
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
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22
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Pilkington-Miksa M, Arosio D, Battistini L, Belvisi L, De Matteo M, Vasile F, Burreddu P, Carta P, Rassu G, Perego P, Carenini N, Zunino F, De Cesare M, Castiglioni V, Scanziani E, Scolastico C, Casiraghi G, Zanardi F, Manzoni L. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel cRGD–Paclitaxel Conjugates for Integrin-Assisted Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1610-22. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300164t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pilkington-Miksa
- Centro Interdipartimentale
Studi Biomolecolari e Applicazioni Industriali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fantoli
16/15, I-20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - Marilenia De Matteo
- Centro Interdipartimentale
Studi Biomolecolari e Applicazioni Industriali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fantoli
16/15, I-20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Vasile
- Centro Interdipartimentale
Studi Biomolecolari e Applicazioni Industriali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fantoli
16/15, I-20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Burreddu
- Istituto
di Chimica
Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari,
Italy
| | - Paola Carta
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, I-07041 Tramariglio Alghero, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gloria Rassu
- Istituto
di Chimica
Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Li Punti, Sassari,
Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale
e Medicina Molecolare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nives Carenini
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale
e Medicina Molecolare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Zunino
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale
e Medicina Molecolare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michelandrea De Cesare
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale
e Medicina Molecolare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vittoria Castiglioni
- Dipartimento di
Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria
(DIPAV), Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milano,
Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology
Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Viale
Ortles 22/4, I-20139 Milano,
Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Dipartimento di
Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria
(DIPAV), Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milano,
Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology
Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Viale
Ortles 22/4, I-20139 Milano,
Italy
| | - Carlo Scolastico
- Centro Interdipartimentale
Studi Biomolecolari e Applicazioni Industriali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fantoli
16/15, I-20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casiraghi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Manzoni
- Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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23
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Wang LH, Xiang J, Yan M, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Yue CF, Xu J, Zheng FM, Chen JN, Kang Z, Chen TS, Xing D, Liu Q. The mitotic kinase Aurora-A induces mammary cell migration and breast cancer metastasis by activating the Cofilin-F-actin pathway. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9118-28. [PMID: 21045147 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic kinase Aurora-A (Aur-A) is required to form the bipolar spindle and ensure accurate chromosome segregation before cell division. Aur-A dysregulation represents an oncogenic event that promotes tumor formation. Here, we report that Aur-A promotes breast cancer metastasis. Aur-A overexpression enhanced mammary cell migration by dephosphorylation and activation of cofilin, which facilitates actin reorganization and polymerization. Cofilin knockdown impaired Aur-A-driven cell migration and protrusion of the cell membrane. Conversely, overexpression of activated cofilin abrogated the effects of Aur-A knockdown on cell migration. Moreover, Aur-A overexpession increased the expression of the cofilin phosphatase Slingshot-1 (SSH1), contributing to cofilin activation and cell migration. We found that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition blocked Aur-A-induced cofilin dephosphorylation, actin reorganization, and cell migration, suggesting crosstalk with PI3K signaling and a potential benefit of PI3K inhibition in tumors with deregulated Aur-A. Additionally, we found an association between Aur-A overexpression and cofilin activity in breast cancer tissues. Our findings indicate that activation of the cofilin-F-actin pathway contributes to tumor cell migration and metastasis enhanced by Aur-A, revealing a novel function for mitotic Aur-A kinase in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, and Sun Yat-sen Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Wang WS, Zhong HJ, Xiao DW, Huang X, Liao LD, Xie ZF, Xu XE, Shen ZY, Xu LY, Li EM. The expression of CFL1 and N-WASP in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological features. Dis Esophagus 2010; 23:512-21. [PMID: 20095995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2009.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin1 (CFL1) is an actin-modulating protein, which belongs to the ADF/Cofilin family. Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) is the key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, a member of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family. They have been suggested to be involved in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In this study, the expression patterns of CFL1 and N-WASP in normal esophageal mucosa and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their correlation with clinical characteristics were investigated. Immunohistochemical staining showed that CFL1 was expressed in nuclear and cytoplasm of cancer cells. However, N-WASP was mainly found in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells. There were significant evidences that proved that CFL1 is correlated with clinicopathological factors in ESCC, such as infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis and pathological staging (P < 0.05). It is also proved that N-WASP is related to lymph node metastasis and pathological staging in ESCC (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was no correlation between CFL1 and N-WASP protein expression and survival (P > 0.05). Moreover, the mRNA expression of CFL1 and N-WASP was detected by quantitative real time PCR in 70 tissue specimens. The results showed that CFL1 mRNA level was over-expressed in ESCC tissue (P < 0.05), while N-WASP mRNA expression level was not different between cancerous tissues and adjacent normal esophageal mucosa (P > 0.05). Also, CFL1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with regional lymph node metastasis and pathological staging (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was no correlation between CFL1 and N-WASP mRNA expression and survival (P > 0.05). Our findings suggested that CFL1 and N-WASP may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of ESCC, and to be the candidate novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC. These findings may have implications for targeted therapies in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
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Stress as a possible mechanism in melanoma progression. Dermatol Res Pract 2010; 2010:483493. [PMID: 20585601 PMCID: PMC2878675 DOI: 10.1155/2010/483493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma, the most aggressive type of cutaneous malignant tumor, is currently on the rise. Treatment in advanced stages is still unsuccessful compared with other malignant tumors, thus it is important to indentify the key mechanisms responsible for melanoma progression and metastasis. Genetic and molecular components, in particular, that are up- or downregulated in melanoma cells, affect the invasive potential of melanoma. Another possible important cofactor highlighted by recent studies is chronic stress, involving environmental and psychological factors, which can be an important cofactor in not only cancer progression in general but also in melanoma spreading. The negative effects of chronic stress have been evaluated epidemiologically in patients with breast and prostate cancer. In particular, the effects of stress mediators, namely, catecholamines have been studied on various human malignancies, including melanoma and have highlighted a significant increase of progression-related molecules. As such, this could be the starting point for a new approach in the treatment of advanced melanoma, in which the negative effects of stress are reduced or blocked.
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Ishikawa T, Kramer RH. Sdc1 negatively modulates carcinoma cell motility and invasion. Exp Cell Res 2009; 316:951-65. [PMID: 20036233 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During cancer progression, tumor cells eventually invade the surrounding collagen-rich extracellular matrix. Here we show that squamous cell carcinoma cells strongly adhere to Type I collagen substrates but display limited motility and invasion on collagen barriers. Further analysis revealed that in addition to the alpha2beta1 integrin, a second collagen receptor was identified as Syndecan-1 (Sdc1), a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan. We demonstrate that siRNA-mediated depletion of Sdc1 reduced adhesion efficiency to collagen I, whereas knockdown of Sdc4 was without effect. Importantly, silencing Sdc1 expression caused reduced focal adhesion plaque formation and enhanced cell spreading and motility on collagen I substrates, but did not alter cell motility on other ECM substrates. Sdc1 depletion ablated adhesion-induced RhoA activation. In contrast, Rac1 was strongly activated following Sdc1 knockdown, suggesting that Sdc1 may mediate the link between integrin-induced actin remodeling and motility. Taken together, these data substantiate the existence of a co-adhesion receptor system in tumor cells, whereby Sdc1 functions as a key regulator of cell motility and cell invasion by modulating RhoA and Rac activity. Downregulation of Sdc1 expression during carcinoma progression may represent a mechanism by which tumor cells become more invasive and metastatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ishikawa
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, Room C-640, San Francisco, CA 94143-0640, USA
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27
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Lumican core protein inhibits melanoma cell migration via alterations of focal adhesion complexes. Cancer Lett 2009; 283:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The transformation of normal melanocytes, or melanocyte stem cells, to melanoma, is a complex process involving multiple mechanisms. Loss of tumor suppressor proteins, which function as brakes on cell growth, migration, or cell survival, was recognized early on as an important mechanism for initiation and progression of melanoma. Semaphorins and their cognate receptors, Plexins and neuropilins, are involved in neuronal pathfinding, immune function, and tumor progression through effects on blood vessel growth and cell migration. Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) is a membrane-linked semaphorin that is expressed by human keratinocytes, and we have shown that Sema7A binds to human melanocytes through beta1-integrins and the Plexin C1 receptor. Functional studies showed that Sema7A stimulates cytoskeletal reorganization in human melanocytes, resulting in adhesion and dendrite formation. Downstream targets of Plexin C1 signaling in human melanocytes include cofilin and LIM kinase II, both of which are critical mediators of cell adhesion and migration. In this report, we analyzed the expression of Plexin C1 using immunohistochemistry on sections of primary and matched metastatic lesions from 19 subjects and in a large melanoma tumor microarray. Our data show a significant loss of Plexin C1 in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma, suggesting the possibility that the Plexin C1 receptor is a tumor suppressor protein for melanoma.
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Bigarella CL, Borges L, Costa FF, Saad STO. ARHGAP21 modulates FAK activity and impairs glioblastoma cell migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:806-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gruber-Olipitz M, Ströbel T, Kang SU, John JPP, Grotzer MA, Slavc I, Lubec G. Neurotrophin 3/TrkC-regulated proteins in the human medulloblastoma cell line DAOY. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:540-9. [PMID: 19156760 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and high neurotrophin (NP) receptor TrkC mRNA expression was identified as a powerful independent predictor of favorable survival outcome. In order to determine downstream effector proteins of TrkC signaling, the MB cell line DAOY was stably transfected with a vector containing the full-length TrkC cDNA sequence or an empty vector control. A proteomic approach was used to search for expressional changes by two mass spectrometric methods and immunoblotting for validation of significant results. Multiple time points for up to 48 h following NP-3-induced TrkC receptor activation were chosen. Thirteen proteins from several pathways (nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, stathmin, valosin-containing protein, annexin A1, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-3, DJ-1 protein, glutathione S-transferase P, lamin A/C, fascin, cofilin, vimentin, vinculin, and moesin) were differentially expressed and most have been shown to play a role in differentiation, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance, or oncogenesis. Knowledge on effectors of TrkC signaling may represent a first useful step for the identification of marker candidates or reflecting probable pharmacological targets for specific treatment of MB.
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Cofilin immunolabelling correlates with depth of invasion in gastrointestinal endocrine cell tumors. Acta Histochem 2008; 112:101-6. [PMID: 19004480 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal endocrine cell tumors are a heterogeneous population of lesions believed to arise from neuroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The current classification of these tumors is based on tumor size, microscopic features and clinical evidence of metastasis. Although diagnostic categories generally correlate with prognosis, molecular prognostic markers will be clinically useful adjuncts. Cofilin has been implicated in tumor invasion, and its immunolocalisation was studied in gastrointestinal endocrine cell tumors. The immunolocalisation of cofilin was studied by immunohistochemistry in 34 formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded gastrointestinal endocrine cell tumors using a tissue microarray platform. A significant correlation was found between high cofilin immunolabelling and the depth of invasion (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that cofilin might be useful clinically as a molecular prognostic adjunct in the evaluation of gastrointestinal endocrine cell tumors.
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Plexin C1, a receptor for semaphorin 7a, inactivates cofilin and is a potential tumor suppressor for melanoma progression. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:954-63. [PMID: 18987670 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanocytes are progenitor cells for melanoma, which arises through step-wise progression from dysplastic to invasive, to metastatic tumor. Our previous data showed that semaphorin 7A (Sema7A), a protein involved in axon guidance, stimulates melanocyte adhesion and dendricity through opposing actions of beta1-integrin and Plexin C1 receptors. We now show that Plexin C1 is diminished or absent in human melanoma cell lines; analysis of tissue microarrays of nevi, melanoma, and metastatic melanoma showed a decrease in Plexin C1 expression in metastatic melanoma, and an inverse correlation of Plexin C1 expression with depth of invasion. We examined the signaling intermediates of Sema7A and downstream targets of Plexin C1 in human melanocytes. Sema7A activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and inactivated cofilin, an actin-binding protein involved in cell migration. When Plexin C1 expression was silenced, Sema7A failed to phosphorylate cofilin, indicating that cofilin is downstream of Plexin C1. Further, Lim kinase II, a protein that phosphorylates cofilin, is upregulated by Sema7A in a Plexin C1-dependent manner. These data identify Plexin C1 as a potential tumor suppressor protein in melanoma progression, and suggest that loss of Plexin C1 expression may promote melanoma invasion and metastasis through loss of inhibitory signaling on cofilin activation.
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Van Troys M, Huyck L, Leyman S, Dhaese S, Vandekerkhove J, Ampe C. Ins and outs of ADF/cofilin activity and regulation. Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 87:649-67. [PMID: 18499298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin-binding proteins of the actin-depolymerisation factor (ADF)/cofilin family were first described more than three decades ago, but research on these proteins still occupies a front role in the actin and cell migration field. Moreover, cofilin activity is implicated in the malignant, invasive properties of cancer cells. The effects of ADF/cofilins on actin dynamics are diverse and their regulation is complex. In stimulated cells, multiple signalling pathways can be initiated resulting in different activation/deactivation switches that control ADF/cofilin activity. The output of this entire regulatory system, in combination with spatial and temporal segregation of the activation mechanisms, underlies the contribution of ADF/cofilins to various cell migration/invasion phenotypes. In this framework, we describe current views on how ADF/cofilins function in migrating and invading cells.
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Kabbage M, Chahed K, Hamrita B, Guillier CL, Trimeche M, Remadi S, Hoebeke J, Chouchane L. Protein alterations in infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast as detected by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. J Biomed Biotechnol 2008; 2008:564127. [PMID: 18401453 PMCID: PMC2288682 DOI: 10.1155/2008/564127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of breast-cancer detection through the identification of potential cancer biomarkers is considered as a promising strategy for effective assessment of the disease. The current study has used nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis with subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry to identify protein alterations in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast from Tunisian women. We have identified multiple protein alterations in tumor tissues that were picked, processed, and unambiguously assigned identities by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The proteins identified span a wide range of functions and are believed to have potential clinical applications as cancer biomarkers. They include glycolytic enzymes, molecular chaperones, cytoskeletal-related proteins, antioxydant enzymes, and immunologic related proteins. Among these proteins, enolase 1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, deoxyhemoglobin, Mn-superoxyde dismutase, alpha-B-crystallin, HSP27, Raf kinase inhibitor protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1, cofilin 1, and peptidylprolyl isomerase A were overexpressed in tumors compared with normal tissues. In contrast, the IGHG1 protein, the complement C3 component C3c, which are two newly identified protein markers, were downregulated in IDCA tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kabbage
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire,
Faculté de Médecine de Monastir,
5019 Monastir,
Tunisia
| | - Karim Chahed
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire,
Faculté de Médecine de Monastir,
5019 Monastir,
Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir,
5000 Monastir,
Tunisia
| | - Bechr Hamrita
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire,
Faculté de Médecine de Monastir,
5019 Monastir,
Tunisia
| | | | - Mounir Trimeche
- Departement de Pathologie,
Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Farhat-Hached,
4002 Sousse,
Tunisia
| | | | - Johan Hoebeke
- Immunologie et Chimie th_rapeutiques,
UPR 9021-CNRS,
Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire,
67084 Strasbourg,
France
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine,
Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, and Qatar Foundation,
Doha,
Qatar
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35
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Klein RM, Spofford LS, Abel EV, Ortiz A, Aplin AE. B-RAF regulation of Rnd3 participates in actin cytoskeletal and focal adhesion organization. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 19:498-508. [PMID: 18045987 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-09-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton controls multiple cellular functions, including cell morphology, movement, and growth. Accumulating evidence indicates that oncogenic activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MEK/ERK1/2) pathway is accompanied by actin cytoskeletal reorganization. However, the signaling events contributing to actin cytoskeleton remodeling mediated by aberrant ERK1/2 activation are largely unknown. Mutant B-RAF is found in a variety of cancers, including melanoma, and it enhances activation of the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway. We show that targeted knockdown of B-RAF with small interfering RNA or pharmacological inhibition of MEK increased actin stress fiber formation and stabilized focal adhesion dynamics in human melanoma cells. These effects were due to stimulation of the Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK)/LIM kinase-2 signaling pathway, cumulating in the inactivation of the actin depolymerizing/severing protein cofilin. The expression of Rnd3, a Rho antagonist, was attenuated after B-RAF knockdown or MEK inhibition, but it was enhanced in melanocytes expressing active B-RAF. Constitutive expression of Rnd3 suppressed the actin cytoskeletal and focal adhesion effects mediated by B-RAF knockdown. Depletion of Rnd3 elevated cofilin phosphorylation and stress fiber formation and reduced cell invasion. Together, our results identify Rnd3 as a regulator of cross talk between the RAF/MEK/ERK and Rho/ROCK signaling pathways, and a key contributor to oncogene-mediated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matthew Klein
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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36
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Havaki S, Kouloukoussa M, Amawi K, Drosos Y, Arvanitis LD, Goutas N, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Vassilaros SD, Katsantoni EZ, Voloudakis-Baltatzis I, Aleporou-Marinou V, Kittas C, Marinos E. Altered expression pattern of integrin alphavbeta3 correlates with actin cytoskeleton in primary cultures of human breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2007; 7:16. [PMID: 17910753 PMCID: PMC2116995 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are transmembrane adhesion receptors that provide the physical link between the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. It has been well established that integrins play a major role in various cancer stages, such as tumor growth, progression, invasion and metastasis. In breast cancer, integrin alphavbeta3 has been associated with high malignant potential in cancer cells, signaling the onset of widespread metastasis. Many preclinical breast cancer studies are based on established cell lines, which may not represent the cell behavior and phenotype of the primary tumor of origin, due to undergone genotypic and phenotypic changes. In the present study, short-term primary breast cancer cell cultures were developed. Integrin alphavbeta3 localization was studied in correlation with F-actin cytoskeleton by means of immunofluorescence and immunogold ultrastructural localization. Integrin fluorescence intensities were semi-quantitatively assessed by means of computerized image analysis, while integrin and actin expression was evaluated by Western immunoblotting. RESULTS In the primary breast cancer epithelial cells integrin alphavbeta3 immunofluorescence was observed in the marginal cytoplasmic area, whereas in the primary normal breast epithelial cells it was observed in the main cell body, i.e. in the ventrally located perinuclear area. In the former, F-actin cytoskeleton appeared well-formed, consisting of numerous and thicker stress fibers, compared to normal epithelial cells. Furthermore, electron microscopy showed increased integrin alphavbeta3 immunogold localization in epithelial breast cancer cells over the area of stress fibers at the basal cell surface. These findings were verified with Western immunoblotting by the higher expression of integrin beta3 subunit and actin in primary breast cancer cells, revealing their reciprocal relation, in response to the higher motility requirements, determined by the malignant potential of the breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION A model system of primary breast cancer cell cultures was developed, in an effort to maintain the closest resembling environment to the tumor of origin. Using the above system model as an experimental tool the study of breast tumor cell behavior is possible concerning the adhesion capacity and the migrating potential of these cells, as defined by the integrin alphavbeta3 distribution in correlation with F-actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Havaki
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Goudi, Greece
| | - Mirsini Kouloukoussa
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Goudi, Greece
| | - Kawther Amawi
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Goudi, Greece
| | - Yiannis Drosos
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, 15701 Ilissia, Greece
| | - Leonidas D Arvanitis
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakiriazi Str., 41222, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikos Goutas
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Goudi, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachodimitropoulos
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Goudi, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Z Katsantoni
- Hematology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Voloudakis-Baltatzis
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Cell Biology, Research Centre of Oncology "G. Papanikolaou", Saint Savvas Anticancer Hospital, Alexandras Av. 171, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Aleporou-Marinou
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, 15701 Ilissia, Greece
| | - Christos Kittas
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Goudi, Greece
| | - Evangelos Marinos
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Goudi, Greece
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Abstract
The acquisition of invasive behaviour is the key transition in the progression of benign melanocyte hyperplasia to life threatening melanoma. Understanding this transition and the mechanisms of invasion are the key to understanding why malignant melanoma is such a devastating disease and will aid treatment strategies. Underlying the invasive behaviour is increased cell motility caused by changes in cytoskeletal organization and altered contacts with the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). In addition, changes in the interactions of melanoma cells with keratinocytes and fibroblasts enable them to survive and proliferate outside their normal epidermal location. Proteomic and genomic initiatives are greatly increasing our knowledge of which gene products are deregulated in invasive and metastatic melanoma; however, the next challenge is to understand how these genes promote the invasion of melanoma cells. In recent years new models have been developed that more closely recapitulate the conditions of melanoma invasion in vivo. It is hoped that these models will give us a better understanding of how the genes implicated in melanoma progression affect the motility of melanoma cells and their interactions with the ECM, stromal cells and blood vessels. This review will summarise our current understanding of melanoma invasion and focus on the new model systems that can be used to study melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Gaggioli
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London, UK
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Saldanha RG, Molloy MP, Bdeir K, Cines DB, Song X, Uitto PM, Weinreb PH, Violette SM, Baker MS. Proteomic identification of lynchpin urokinase plasminogen activator receptor protein interactions associated with epithelial cancer malignancy. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:1016-28. [PMID: 17330942 DOI: 10.1021/pr060518n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its high affinity receptor (uPAR) play crucial proteolytic and non-proteolytic roles in cancer metastasis. In addition to promoting plasmin-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix barriers, cell surface engagement of uPA through uPAR binding results in the activation of a suite of diverse cellular signal transduction pathways. Because uPAR is bound to the plasma membrane through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor, these signalling sequelae are thought to occur through the formation of multi-protein cell surface complexes involving uPAR. To further characterize uPAR-driven protein complexes, we co-immunoprecipitated uPAR from the human ovarian cancer cell line, OVCA 429, and employed sensitive proteomic methods to identify the uPAR-associated proteins. Using this strategy, we identified several known, as well as numerous novel, uPAR associating proteins, including the epithelial restricted integrin, alphavbeta6. Reverse immunoprecipitation using anti-beta6 integrin subunit monoclonal antibodies confirmed the co-purification of this protein with uPAR. Inhibition of uPAR and/or beta6 integrin subunit using neutralizing antibodies resulted in the inhibition of uPA-mediated ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and subsequent cell proliferation. These data suggest that the association of beta6 integrin (and possibly other lynchpin cancer regulatory proteins) with uPAR may be crucial in co-transmitting uPA signals that induce cell proliferation. Our findings support the notion that uPAR behaves as a lynchpin in promoting tumorigenesis by forming functionally active multiprotein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit G Saldanha
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility Ltd and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW Australia
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Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that metastatic capacity is an inherent feature of breast tumours and not a rare, late acquired event. This has led to new models of metastasis. The interpretation of expression-profiling data in the context of these new models has identified the cofilin pathway as a major determinant of metastasis. Recent studies indicate that the overall activity of the cofilin pathway, and not that of any single gene within the pathway, determines the invasive and metastatic phenotype of tumour cells. These results predict that inhibitors directed at the output of the cofilin pathway will have therapeutic benefit in combating metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Wang
- Experimental Therapeutics, ImClone Systems Incorporated, New York, New York, USA
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40
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He D, Zhang XH. Roles of integrins in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:151-156. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins, serving as transmembrane proteins, play major roles in cell-extracellular matrix adhesions, and they can introduce extracellular signals into the cells, alter cellular morphology and influence cell motility as well as contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis. One of the major causes of low resection rates and extremely poor survival rates is its extraordinary local tumor progression and early systemic dissemination. Being a kind of adhesion molecules associating cells with extracellular matrix, integrins play a variety of roles in the process of invasion and metastasis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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