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Han XQ, Cui ZW, Ma ZY, Wang J, Hu YZ, Li J, Ye JM, Tafalla C, Zhang YA, Zhang XJ. Phagocytic Plasma Cells in Teleost Fish Provide Insights into the Origin and Evolution of B Cells in Vertebrates. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:730-742. [PMID: 38984862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Teleost IgM+ B cells can phagocytose, like mammalian B1 cells, and secrete Ag-specific IgM, like mammalian B2 cells. Therefore, teleost IgM+ B cells may have the functions of both mammalian B1 and B2 cells. To support this view, we initially found that grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IgM+ plasma cells (PCs) exhibit robust phagocytic ability, akin to IgM+ naive B cells. Subsequently, we sorted grass carp IgM+ PCs into two subpopulations: nonphagocytic (Pha-IgM+ PCs) and phagocytic IgM+ PCs (Pha+IgM+ PCs), both of which demonstrated the capacity to secrete natural IgM with LPS and peptidoglycan binding capacity. Remarkably, following immunization of grass carp with an Ag, we observed that both Pha-IgM+ PCs and Pha+IgM+ PCs could secrete Ag-specific IgM. Furthermore, in vitro concatenated phagocytosis experiments in which Pha-IgM+ PCs from an initial phagocytosis experiment were sorted and exposed again to beads confirmed that these cells also have phagocytic capabilities, thereby suggesting that all teleost IgM+ B cells have phagocytic potential. Additionally, we found that grass carp IgM+ PCs display classical phenotypic features of macrophages, providing support for the hypothesis that vertebrate B cells evolved from ancient phagocytes. These findings together reveal that teleost B cells are a primitive B cell type with functions reminiscent of both mammalian B1 and B2 cells, providing insights into the origin and evolution of B cells in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-You Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Science and Medicine, Lake Superior State University, Sault Sainte Marie, MI
| | - Jian-Min Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Wang R, Li H, Ling C, Zhang X, Lu J, Luan W, Zhang J, Shi L. A novel phenotype of B cells associated with enhanced phagocytic capability and chemotactic function after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2413-2423. [PMID: 37282471 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the involvement of B cells in neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration. However, the role of B cells in ischemic stroke remains unclear. In this study, we identified a novel phenotype of macrophage-like B cells in brain-infiltrating immune cells expressing a high level of CD45. Macrophage-like B cells characterized by co-expression of B-cell and macrophage markers, showed stronger phagocytic and chemotactic functions compared with other B cells and showed upregulated expression of phagocytosis-related genes. Gene Ontology analysis found that the expression of genes associated with phagocytosis, including phagosome- and lysosome-related genes, was upregulated in macrophage-like B cells. The phagocytic activity of macrophage-like B cells was verified by immunostaining and three-dimensional reconstruction, in which TREM2-labeled macrophage-like B cells enwrapped and internalized myelin debris after cerebral ischemia. Cell-cell interaction analysis revealed that macrophage-like B cells released multiple chemokines to recruit peripheral immune cells mainly via CCL pathways. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that the transdifferentiation to macrophage-like B cells may be induced by specific upregulation of the transcription factor CEBP family to the myeloid lineage and/or by downregulation of the transcription factor Pax5 to the lymphoid lineage. Furthermore, this distinct B cell phenotype was detected in brain tissues from mice or patients with traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and glioblastoma. Overall, these results provide a new perspective on the phagocytic capability and chemotactic function of B cells in the ischemic brain. These cells may serve as an immunotherapeutic target for regulating the immune response of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenhan Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weimin Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University; Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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3
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Zhu LY, Shao T, Nie L, Zhu LY, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. Evolutionary implication of B-1 lineage cells from innate to adaptive immunity. Mol Immunol 2015; 69:123-30. [PMID: 26573260 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The paradigm that B cells mainly play a central role in adaptive immunity may have to be reevaluated because B-1 lineage cells have been found to exhibit innate-like functions, such as phagocytic and bactericidal activities. Therefore, the evolutionary connection of B-1 lineage cells between innate and adaptive immunities have received much attention. In this review, we summarized various innate-like characteristics of B-1 lineage cells, such as natural antibody production, antigen-presenting function in primary adaptive immunity, and T cell-independent immune responses. These characteristics seem highly conserved between fish B cells and mammalian B-1 cells during vertebrate evolution. We proposed an evolutionary outline of B cells by comparing biological features, including morphology, phenotype, ontogeny, and functional activity between B-1 lineage cells and macrophages or B-2 cells. The B-1 lineage may be a transitional cell type between phagocytic cells (e.g., macrophages) and B-2 cells that functionally connects innate and adaptive immunities. Our discussion would contribute to the understanding on the origination of B cells specialized in adaptive immunity from innate immunity. The results might provide further insight into the evolution of the immune system as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv-yun Zhu
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-yun Zhu
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-xin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Gao J, Ma X, Gu W, Fu M, An J, Xing Y, Gao T, Li W, Liu Y. Novel functions of murine B1 cells: active phagocytic and microbicidal abilities. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:982-92. [PMID: 22531922 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
B1 cells are evolutionarily conserved innate-like cells that share many features with macrophages. It has also been established that B1 cells have a close developmental relationship with macrophages. However, whether B1 cells are able to act as professional phagocytic cells is not clear. In this study, we report that mouse peritoneal cavity (PerC) B cells demonstrate in vivo and in vitro phagocytic activities for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and polystyrene fluorescent microspheres. Approximately 5% of PerC B cells, mainly B1b cells, showed phagocytic activity. Ingested microbes were killed efficiently in the phagolysosome. The antigen-specific B-cell antigen receptor promoted B-cell phagocytosis, resulting in antigen presentation to T cells after uptake of bacteria. Our results reveal for the first time that mouse B1 cells have active phagocytic capabilities and thereby act as a bridge linking innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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5
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Chung EY, Psathas JN, Yu D, Li Y, Weiss MJ, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. CD19 is a major B cell receptor-independent activator of MYC-driven B-lymphomagenesis. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2257-66. [PMID: 22546857 DOI: 10.1172/jci45851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX5, a B cell-specific transcription factor, is overexpressed through chromosomal translocations in a subset of B cell lymphomas. Previously, we had shown that activation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) proteins and B cell receptor (BCR) signaling by PAX5 contributes to B-lymphomagenesis. However, the effect of PAX5 on other oncogenic transcription factor-controlled pathways is unknown. Using a MYC-induced murine lymphoma model as well as MYC-transformed human B cell lines, we found that PAX5 controls c-MYC protein stability and steady-state levels. This promoter-independent, posttranslational mechanism of c-MYC regulation was independent of ITAM/BCR activity. Instead it was controlled by another PAX5 target, CD19, through the PI3K-AKT-GSK3β axis. Consequently, MYC levels in B cells from CD19-deficient mice were sharply reduced. Conversely, reexpression of CD19 in murine lymphomas with spontaneous silencing of PAX5 boosted MYC levels, expression of its key target genes, cell proliferation in vitro, and overall tumor growth in vivo. In human B-lymphomas, CD19 mRNA levels were found to correlate with those of MYC-activated genes. They also negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with lymphoma in the same way that MYC levels do. Thus, CD19 is a major BCR-independent regulator of MYC-driven neoplastic growth in B cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y Chung
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104-4399, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Pan X, Jones M, Jiang J, Zaprazna K, Yu D, Pear W, Maillard I, Atchison ML. Increased expression of PcG protein YY1 negatively regulates B cell development while allowing accumulation of myeloid cells and LT-HSC cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30656. [PMID: 22292011 PMCID: PMC3264595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ying Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional Polycomb Group (PcG) transcription factor that binds to multiple enhancer binding sites in the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci and plays vital roles in early B cell development. PcG proteins have important functions in hematopoietic stem cell renewal and YY1 is the only mammalian PcG protein with DNA binding specificity. Conditional knock-out of YY1 in the mouse B cell lineage results in arrest at the pro-B cell stage, and dosage effects have been observed at various YY1 expression levels. To investigate the impact of elevated YY1 expression on hematopoetic development, we utilized a mouse in vivo bone marrow reconstitution system. We found that mouse bone marrow cells expressing elevated levels of YY1 exhibited a selective disadvantage as they progressed from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to pro-B, pre-B, immature B and re-circulating B cell stages, but no disadvantage of YY1 over-expression was observed in myeloid lineage cells. Furthermore, mouse bone marrow cells expressing elevated levels of YY1 displayed enrichment for cells with surface markers characteristic of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). YY1 expression induced apoptosis in mouse B cell lines in vitro, and resulted in down-regulated expression of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-xl and NFκB2, while no impact was observed in a mouse myeloid line. B cell apoptosis and LT-HSC enrichment induced by YY1 suggest that novel strategies to induce YY1 expression could have beneficial effects in the treatment of B lineage malignancies while preserving normal HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pan
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary, University of Pennsylvania, Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Morgan Jones
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Medicine & Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary, University of Pennsylvania, Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kristina Zaprazna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary, University of Pennsylvania, Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Duonan Yu
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Warren Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Medicine & Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Atchison
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary, University of Pennsylvania, Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Zwollo P. Dissecting teleost B cell differentiation using transcription factors. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:898-905. [PMID: 21251922 PMCID: PMC3107362 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
B cell developmental pathways in teleost fishes are poorly understood. In the absence of serological reagents, an alternative approach to dissecting teleost B cell development is to use transcription factors that are differentially expressed during B cell development. This review discusses the structure and function of six transcription factors that play essential roles during teleost B cell development: Ikaros, E2A, EBF, Pax5, Blimp1, and XbpI. Research on alternative splicing of both the Ikaros and Pax5 genes in rainbow trout is presented, including their functional significance. An application is discussed that should aid in elucidating teleost B cell development and activation, by using transcription factors as developmental markers in flow cytometric analysis. Possible future studies in teleost B cell development are suggested in the context of gene regulation. Lastly, broader impacts and practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty Zwollo
- The College of William and Mary, Department of Biology, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
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8
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Zeng W, Meck J, Cheson BD, Ozdemirli M. Histiocytic sarcoma transdifferentiated from follicular lymphoma presenting as a cutaneous tumor. J Cutan Pathol 2011; 38:999-1003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2011.01769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Chung EY, Dews M, Cozma D, Yu D, Wentzel EA, Chang TC, Schelter JM, Cleary MA, Mendell JT, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. c-Myb oncoprotein is an essential target of the dleu2 tumor suppressor microRNA cluster. Cancer Biol Ther 2008; 7:1758-64. [PMID: 18708755 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.7.11.6722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The dleu2 tumor suppressor locus encodes two microRNAs, miR-15a and miR-16, which are thought to play an important role in B-cell neoplasms. However, relatively little is known about proteins that regulate or are regulated by this microRNA cluster. Here we demonstrate that the Pax5 oncoprotein downregulates the dleu2 gene and at the same time boosts expression of its own heterodimeric partner c-Myb. Interestingly, c-Myb upregulation occurs primarily at a post-transcriptional level, suggesting that it might be a target for microRNAs such as miR-15a/16. Indeed, miR-15a/16 have predicted binding sites in the c-Myb 3'-UTR and through them diminish protein output in luciferase sensor assays. Moreover, forced overexpression of miR-15a/16 reduces endogenous c-Myb levels and compromises Pax5 function. Conversely, restoration of c-Myb levels partly alleviates tumors suppressive effects of miR-15a/16, suggesting that c-Myb is a key downstream target of this microRNA cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y Chung
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factors regulate B-cell development and survival. However, whether they also have a role during early steps of B-cell differentiation is largely unclear. Here, we show that constitutive activation of the alternative NF-kappaB pathway in p100(-/-) knockin mice resulted in a block of early B-cell development at the transition from the pre-pro-B to the pro-B-cell stage due to enhanced RelB activity. Expression of the essential B-cell transcription factors EBF and in particular Pax5 was reduced in p100(-/-) B-cell precursors in a RelB-dependent manner, resulting in reduced mRNA levels of B lineage-specific genes. Moreover, enhanced RelB function in p100(-/-) B-cell precursors was accompanied by increased expression of B lineage-inappropriate genes, such as C/EBP alpha, correlating with a markedly increased myeloid differentiation potential of p100(-/-) progenitor B cells. Ectopic expression of Pax5 in hematopoietic progenitors restored early B-cell development in p100(-/-) bone marrow, suggesting that impaired early B lymphopoiesis in mice lacking the p100 inhibitor may be due to down-regulation of Pax5 expression. Thus, tightly controlled p100 processing and RelB activation is essential for normal B lymphopoiesis and lymphoid/myeloid lineage decision in bone marrow.
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11
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Thomas-Tikhonenko A, Cozma D. PAX5 and B-cell neoplasms: transformation through presentation. Future Oncol 2008; 4:5-9. [PMID: 18240995 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.4.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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12
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Cozma D, Yu D, Hodawadekar S, Azvolinsky A, Grande S, Tobias JW, Metzgar MH, Paterson J, Erikson J, Marafioti T, Monroe JG, Atchison ML, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. B cell activator PAX5 promotes lymphomagenesis through stimulation of B cell receptor signaling. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:2602-10. [PMID: 17717600 PMCID: PMC1950455 DOI: 10.1172/jci30842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The presumed involvement of paired box gene 5 (PAX5) in B-lymphomagenesis is based largely on the discovery of Pax5-specific translocations and somatic hypermutations in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Yet mechanistically, the contribution of Pax5 to neoplastic growth remains undeciphered. Here we used 2 Myc-induced mouse B lymphoma cell lines, Myc5-M5 and Myc5-M12, which spontaneously silence Pax5. Reconstitution of these cells with Pax5-tamoxifen receptor fusion protein (Pax5ER(TAM)) increased neoplastic growth in a hormone-dependent manner. Conversely, expression of dominant-negative Pax5 in murine lymphomas and Pax5 knockdown in human lymphomas negatively affected cell expansion. Expression profiling revealed that Pax5 was required to maintain mRNA levels of several crucial components of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, including CD79a, a protein with the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). In contrast, expression of 2 known ITAM antagonists, CD22 and PIR-B, was suppressed. The key role of BCR/ITAM signaling in Pax5-dependent lymphomagenesis was corroborated in Syk, an ITAM-associated tyrosine kinase. Moreover, we observed consistent expression of phosphorylated BLNK, an activated BCR adaptor protein, in human B cell lymphomas. Thus, stimulation of neoplastic growth by Pax5 occurs through BCR and is sensitive to genetic and pharmacological inhibitors of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cozma
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Duonan Yu
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Suchita Hodawadekar
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Azvolinsky
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon Grande
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John W. Tobias
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michele H. Metzgar
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Paterson
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Erikson
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John G. Monroe
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. Atchison
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, and
Biomedical Informatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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