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Veschsanit N, Yang JL, Ngampramuan S, Viwatpinyo K, Pinyomahakul J, Lwin T, Chancharoen P, Rungruang S, Govitrapong P, Mukda S. Melatonin reverts methamphetamine-induced learning and memory impairments and hippocampal alterations in mice. Life Sci 2020; 265:118844. [PMID: 33278389 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Methamphetamine (METH) has become a major public health problem because of its abuse and profound neurotoxic effects, causing alterations in brain structure and function, and impairing cognitive functions, including attention, decision making, emotional memory, and working memory. This study aimed to determine whether melatonin (MEL), the circadian-control hormone, which has roles beyond circadian rhythm regulation, could restore METH-induced cognitive and neuronal impairment. MAIN METHODS Mice were treated with either METH (1 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days, followed by MEL (10 mg/kg) or saline for another 14 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed one day after the last saline or MEL injection. The hippocampal neuronal density, synaptic density, and receptors involved in learning and memory, along with downstream signaling molecules (NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A, GluN2B, and CaMKII) were investigated by immunoblotting. KEY FINDINGS METH administration significantly extended escape latency in learning phase and reduced the number of target crossings in memory test-phase as well as decreased the expression of BDNF, NMDA receptors, TrkB receptors, CaMKII, βIII tubulin, and synaptophysin. MEL treatment significantly ameliorated METH-induced increased escape latency, decreased the number of target crossings and decreased expression of BDNF, NMDA receptors, TrkB receptors, CaMKII, βIII tubulin and synaptophysin. SIGNIFICANCE METH administration impairs learning and memory in mice, and MEL administration restores METH-induced neuronal impairments which is probably through the changes in BDNF, NMDA receptors, TrkB receptors, CaMKII, βIII tubulin and synaptophysin. Therefore, MEL is potentially an innovative and promising treatment for learning and memory impairment of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisarath Veschsanit
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Sukonthar Ngampramuan
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Kittikun Viwatpinyo
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jitrapa Pinyomahakul
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Thit Lwin
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon, Yangon 11021, Myanmar
| | - Pongrung Chancharoen
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Seansuk, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Saowalak Rungruang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
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2
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Chung J, Marini S, Pera J, Norrving B, Jimenez-Conde J, Roquer J, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Tirschwell DL, Selim M, Brown DL, Silliman SL, Worrall BB, Meschia JF, Demel S, Greenberg SM, Slowik A, Lindgren A, Schmidt R, Traylor M, Sargurupremraj M, Tiedt S, Malik R, Debette S, Dichgans M, Langefeld CD, Woo D, Rosand J, Anderson CD. Genome-wide association study of cerebral small vessel disease reveals established and novel loci. Brain 2020; 142:3176-3189. [PMID: 31430377 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral haemorrhage and small vessel ischaemic stroke (SVS) are the most acute manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease, with no established preventive approaches beyond hypertension management. Combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) of these two correlated diseases may improve statistical power to detect novel genetic factors for cerebral small vessel disease, elucidating underlying disease mechanisms that may form the basis for future treatments. Because intracerebral haemorrhage location is an adequate surrogate for distinct histopathological variants of cerebral small vessel disease (lobar for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and non-lobar for arteriolosclerosis), we performed GWAS of intracerebral haemorrhage by location in 1813 subjects (755 lobar and 1005 non-lobar) and 1711 stroke-free control subjects. Intracerebral haemorrhage GWAS results by location were meta-analysed with GWAS results for SVS from MEGASTROKE, using 'Multi-Trait Analysis of GWAS' (MTAG) to integrate summary data across traits and generate combined effect estimates. After combining intracerebral haemorrhage and SVS datasets, our sample size included 241 024 participants (6255 intracerebral haemorrhage or SVS cases and 233 058 control subjects). Genome-wide significant associations were observed for non-lobar intracerebral haemorrhage enhanced by SVS with rs2758605 [MTAG P-value (P) = 2.6 × 10-8] at 1q22; rs72932727 (P = 1.7 × 10-8) at 2q33; and rs9515201 (P = 5.3 × 10-10) at 13q34. In the GTEx gene expression library, rs2758605 (1q22), rs72932727 (2q33) and rs9515201 (13q34) are significant cis-eQTLs for PMF1 (P = 1 × 10-4 in tibial nerve), NBEAL1, FAM117B and CARF (P < 2.1 × 10-7 in arteries) and COL4A2 and COL4A1 (P < 0.01 in brain putamen), respectively. Leveraging S-PrediXcan for gene-based association testing with the predicted expression models in tissues related with nerve, artery, and non-lobar brain, we found that experiment-wide significant (P < 8.5 × 10-7) associations at three genes at 2q33 including NBEAL1, FAM117B and WDR12 and genome-wide significant associations at two genes including ICA1L at 2q33 and ZCCHC14 at 16q24. Brain cell-type specific expression profiling libraries reveal that SEMA4A, SLC25A44 and PMF1 at 1q22 and COL4A1 and COL4A2 at 13q34 were mainly expressed in endothelial cells, while the genes at 2q33 (FAM117B, CARF and NBEAL1) were expressed in various cell types including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons. Our cross-phenotype genetic study of intracerebral haemorrhage and SVS demonstrates novel genome-wide associations for non-lobar intracerebral haemorrhage at 2q33 and 13q34. Our replication of the 1q22 locus previous seen in traditional GWAS of intracerebral haemorrhage, as well as the rediscovery of 13q34, which had previously been reported in candidate gene studies with other cerebral small vessel disease-related traits strengthens the credibility of applying this novel genome-wide approach across intracerebral haemorrhage and SVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoon Chung
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sandro Marini
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bo Norrving
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Jimenez-Conde
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Roquer
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Fernandez-Cadenas
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Sant Pau Institute of Research, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David L Tirschwell
- Stroke Center, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Magdy Selim
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Devin L Brown
- Stroke Program, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott L Silliman
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- Department of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Stacie Demel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Arne Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthew Traylor
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Steffen Tiedt
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Bordeaux University Hospital, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Woo
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Chen YC, Chang KH, Chen CM. Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123879. [PMID: 30518145 PMCID: PMC6321144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in the incidence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) between ethnicities exist, with an estimated 42% of the variance explained by ethnicity itself. Caucasians have a higher proportion of lobar ICH (LICH, 15.4% of all ICH) than do Asians (3.4%). Alterations in the causal factor exposure between countries justify part of the ethnic variance in ICH incidence. One third of ICH risk can be explained by genetic variation; therefore, genetic differences between populations can partly explain the difference in ICH incidence. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of genetic variants associated with ICH in multiple ethnicities. Candidate gene variants reportedly associated with ICH were involved in the potential pathways of hypertension, vessel wall integrity, lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, platelet function, and coagulopathy. Furthermore, variations in APOE (in multiple ethnicities), PMF1/SLC25A44 (in European), ACE (in Asian), MTHFR (in multiple ethnicities), TRHDE (in European), and COL4A2 (in European) were the most convincingly associated with ICH. The majority of the associated genes provide small contributions to ICH risk, with few of them being replicated in multiple ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Township, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Township, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Township, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan.
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4
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Singhakumar R, Boontem P, Ekthuwapranee K, Sotthibundhu A, Mukda S, Chetsawang B, Govitrapong P. Melatonin attenuates methamphetamine-induced inhibition of neurogenesis in the adult mouse hippocampus: An in vivo study. Neurosci Lett 2015; 606:209-14. [PMID: 26366944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), a highly addictive psychostimulant drug, is known to exert neurotoxic effects to the dopaminergic neural system. Long-term METH administration impairs brain functions such as cognition, learning and memory. Newly born neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus play an important role in spatial learning and memory. Previous in vitro studies have shown that METH inhibits cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. On the other hand, melatonin, a major indole secreted by the pineal gland, enhances neurogenesis in both the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus. In this study, adult C57BL/6 mice were used to study the beneficial effects of melatonin on METH-induced alterations in neurogenesis and post-synaptic proteins related to learning and memory functions in the hippocampus. The results showed that METH caused a decrease in neuronal phenotypes as determined by the expressions of nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and beta-III tubulin while causing an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. Moreover, METH inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling activity and altered expression of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B as well as calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). These effects could be attenuated by melatonin pretreatment. In conclusion, melatonin prevented the METH-induced reduction in neurogenesis, increase in astrogliogenesis and alteration of NMDA receptor subunit expression. These findings may indicate the beneficial effects of melatonin on the impairment of learning and memory caused by METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachen Singhakumar
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boontem
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Kasima Ekthuwapranee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Areechun Sotthibundhu
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Patumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Banthit Chetsawang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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5
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Woo D, Falcone GJ, Devan WJ, Brown WM, Biffi A, Howard TD, Anderson CD, Brouwers HB, Valant V, Battey TWK, Radmanesh F, Raffeld MR, Baedorf-Kassis S, Deka R, Woo JG, Martin LJ, Haverbusch M, Moomaw CJ, Sun G, Broderick JP, Flaherty ML, Martini SR, Kleindorfer DO, Kissela B, Comeau ME, Jagiella JM, Schmidt H, Freudenberger P, Pichler A, Enzinger C, Hansen BM, Norrving B, Jimenez-Conde J, Giralt-Steinhauer E, Elosua R, Cuadrado-Godia E, Soriano C, Roquer J, Kraft P, Ayres AM, Schwab K, McCauley JL, Pera J, Urbanik A, Rost NS, Goldstein JN, Viswanathan A, Stögerer EM, Tirschwell DL, Selim M, Brown DL, Silliman SL, Worrall BB, Meschia JF, Kidwell CS, Montaner J, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Delgado P, Malik R, Dichgans M, Greenberg SM, Rothwell PM, Lindgren A, Slowik A, Schmidt R, Langefeld CD, Rosand J. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies 1q22 as a susceptibility locus for intracerebral hemorrhage. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:511-21. [PMID: 24656865 PMCID: PMC3980413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the stroke subtype with the worst prognosis and has no established acute treatment. ICH is classified as lobar or nonlobar based on the location of ruptured blood vessels within the brain. These different locations also signal different underlying vascular pathologies. Heritability estimates indicate a substantial genetic contribution to risk of ICH in both locations. We report a genome-wide association study of this condition that meta-analyzed data from six studies that enrolled individuals of European ancestry. Case subjects were ascertained by neurologists blinded to genotype data and classified as lobar or nonlobar based on brain computed tomography. ICH-free control subjects were sampled from ambulatory clinics or random digit dialing. Replication of signals identified in the discovery cohort with p < 1 × 10(-6) was pursued in an independent multiethnic sample utilizing both direct and genome-wide genotyping. The discovery phase included a case cohort of 1,545 individuals (664 lobar and 881 nonlobar cases) and a control cohort of 1,481 individuals and identified two susceptibility loci: for lobar ICH, chromosomal region 12q21.1 (rs11179580, odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, p = 7.0 × 10(-8)); and for nonlobar ICH, chromosomal region 1q22 (rs2984613, OR = 1.44, p = 1.6 × 10(-8)). The replication included a case cohort of 1,681 individuals (484 lobar and 1,194 nonlobar cases) and a control cohort of 2,261 individuals and corroborated the association for 1q22 (p = 6.5 × 10(-4); meta-analysis p = 2.2 × 10(-10)) but not for 12q21.1 (p = 0.55; meta-analysis p = 2.6 × 10(-5)). These results demonstrate biological heterogeneity across ICH subtypes and highlight the importance of ascertaining ICH cases accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Woo
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Guido J Falcone
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William J Devan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - W Mark Brown
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Alessandro Biffi
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Timothy D Howard
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - H Bart Brouwers
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Valerie Valant
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Thomas W K Battey
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Farid Radmanesh
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Miriam R Raffeld
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Sylvia Baedorf-Kassis
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jessica G Woo
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mary Haverbusch
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Moomaw
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guangyun Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Joseph P Broderick
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Matthew L Flaherty
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sharyl R Martini
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Dawn O Kleindorfer
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Brett Kissela
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mary E Comeau
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jeremiasz M Jagiella
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow 31-008, Poland
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medical Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Paul Freudenberger
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medical Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Alexander Pichler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Christian Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Björn M Hansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund 221 85, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Bo Norrving
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund 221 85, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Jordi Jimenez-Conde
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-UPF, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Eva Giralt-Steinhauer
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-UPF, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-UPF, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-UPF, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Carolina Soriano
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-UPF, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jaume Roquer
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-UPF, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alison M Ayres
- The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kristin Schwab
- The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacob L McCauley
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow 31-008, Poland
| | - Andrzej Urbanik
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow 31-008, Poland
| | - Natalia S Rost
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Joshua N Goldstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anand Viswanathan
- The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - David L Tirschwell
- Stroke Center, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Magdy Selim
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Devin L Brown
- Stroke Program, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott L Silliman
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- Department of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - James F Meschia
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Chelsea S Kidwell
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Israel Fernandez-Cadenas
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain; Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútuaterrassa, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Arne Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund 221 85, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow 31-008, Poland
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.
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6
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Hopkins AM, Wheeler B, Staii C, Kaplan DL, Atherton TJ. Semi-automatic quantification of neurite fasciculation in high-density neurite images by the neurite directional distribution analysis (NDDA). J Neurosci Methods 2014; 228:100-9. [PMID: 24680908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bundling of neurite extensions occur during nerve development and regeneration. Understanding the factors that drive neurite bundling is important for designing biomaterials for nerve regeneration toward the innervation target and preventing nociceptive collateral sprouting. High-density neuron cultures including dorsal root ganglia explants are employed for in vitro screening of biomaterials designed to control directional outgrowth. Although some semi-automated image processing methods exist for quantification of neurite outgrowth, methods to quantify axonal fasciculation in terms of direction of neurite outgrowth are lacking. NEW METHOD This work presents a semi-automated program to analyze micrographs of high-density neurites; the program aims to quantify axonal fasciculation by determining the orientational distribution function of the tangent vectors of the neurites and calculating its Fourier series coefficients ('c' values). RESULTS We found that neurite directional distribution analysis (NDDA) of fasciculated neurites yielded 'c' values of ≥∼0.25 whereas branched outgrowth led to statistically significant lesser values of <∼0.2. The 'c' values correlated directly to the width of neurite bundles and indirectly to the number of branching points. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Information about the directional distribution of outgrowth is lost in simple counting methods or achieved laboriously through manual analysis. The NDDA supplements previous quantitative analyses of axonal bundling using a vector-based approach that captures new information about the directionality of outgrowth. CONCLUSION The NDDA is a valuable addition to open source image processing tools available to biomedical researchers offering a robust, precise approach to quantification of imaged features important in tissue development, disease, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Hopkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Brandon Wheeler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Cristian Staii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Timothy J Atherton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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7
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Electrical Stimulation Induces Calcium-Dependent Neurite Outgrowth and Immediate Early Genes Expressions of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:129-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Petralia RS. Distribution of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors on neurons. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:267120. [PMID: 22654580 PMCID: PMC3361219 DOI: 10.1100/2012/267120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors are found in both synaptic and extrasynaptic locations on neurons. NMDA receptors also can be found on neurons in early stages prior to synaptogenesis, where they may be involved in migration and differentiation. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors typically are associated with contacts with adjacent processes such as axons and glia. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptor clusters vary in size and may form associations with scaffolding proteins such as PSD-95 and SAP102. The best-characterized extrasynaptic NMDA receptors contain NR1 and NR2B subunits. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors may be activated by glutamate spillover from synapses or from ectopic release of glutamate. Consequently, extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation may occur under different circumstances than that for synaptic NMDA receptors, indicating different functional consequences for the neuron. In some cases, activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors may have a negative influence on the neuron, leading to cell damage and death, as may occur in some major diseases of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD/NIH, 50 South Drive 50/4142, Bethesda, MD 20892-8027, USA.
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9
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Choudhury PR, Lahiri S, Rajamma U. Glutamate mediated signaling in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 100:841-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Puntambekar SS, Davis DS, Hawel L, Crane J, Byus CV, Carson MJ. LPS-induced CCL2 expression and macrophage influx into the murine central nervous system is polyamine-dependent. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:629-39. [PMID: 21237263 PMCID: PMC3081407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased polyamine production is observed in a variety of chronic neuroinflammatory disorders, but in vitro and in vivo studies yield conflicting data on the immunomodulatory consequences of their production. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in endogenous polyamine production. To identify the role of polyamine production in CNS-intrinsic inflammatory responses, we defined CNS sites of ODC expression and the consequences of inhibiting ODC in response to intracerebral injection of LPS±IFNγ. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that both neurons and non-neuronal cells rapidly respond to LPS±IFNγ by increasing ODC expression. Inhibiting ODC by co-injecting DFMO decreased LPS-induced CCL2 expression and macrophage influx into the CNS, without altering LPS-induced microglial or macrophage activation. Conversely, intracerebral injection of polyamines was sufficient to trigger macrophage influx into the CNS of wild-type but not CCL2KO mice, demonstrating the dependence of macrophage influx on CNS expression of CCL2. Consistent with these data, addition of putrescine and spermine to mixed glial cultures dramatically increased CCL2 expression and to a much lesser extent, TNF expression. Addition of all three polyamines to mixed glial cultures also decreased the numbers and percentages of oligodendrocytes present. However, in vivo, inhibiting the basal levels of polyamine production was sufficient to induce expression of apolipoprotein D, a marker of oxidative stress, within white matter tracts. Considered together, our data indicate that: (1) CNS-resident cells including neurons play active roles in recruiting pro-inflammatory TREM1-positive macrophages into the CNS via polyamine-dependent induction of CCL2 expression and (2) modulating polyamine production in vivo may be a difficult strategy to limit inflammation and promote repair due to the dual homeostatic and pro-inflammatory roles played by polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta S. Puntambekar
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, USA,Graduate Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California Riverside, USA
| | - Deirdre S. Davis
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, USA,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, USA
| | - Leo Hawel
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, USA
| | - Janelle Crane
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, USA
| | - Craig V. Byus
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, USA
| | - Monica J. Carson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Monica J Carson Division of Biomedical Sciences Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions University of California Riverside 900 University Ave Riverside, CA 92521
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11
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Hussman JP, Chung RH, Griswold AJ, Jaworski JM, Salyakina D, Ma D, Konidari I, Whitehead PL, Vance JM, Martin ER, Cuccaro ML, Gilbert JR, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA. A noise-reduction GWAS analysis implicates altered regulation of neurite outgrowth and guidance in autism. Mol Autism 2011; 2:1. [PMID: 21247446 PMCID: PMC3035032 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) have proved invaluable for the identification of disease susceptibility genes. However, the prioritization of candidate genes and regions for follow-up studies often proves difficult due to false-positive associations caused by statistical noise and multiple-testing. In order to address this issue, we propose the novel GWAS noise reduction (GWAS-NR) method as a way to increase the power to detect true associations in GWAS, particularly in complex diseases such as autism. METHODS GWAS-NR utilizes a linear filter to identify genomic regions demonstrating correlation among association signals in multiple datasets. We used computer simulations to assess the ability of GWAS-NR to detect association against the commonly used joint analysis and Fisher's methods. Furthermore, we applied GWAS-NR to a family-based autism GWAS of 597 families and a second existing autism GWAS of 696 families from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) to arrive at a compendium of autism candidate genes. These genes were manually annotated and classified by a literature review and functional grouping in order to reveal biological pathways which might contribute to autism aetiology. RESULTS Computer simulations indicate that GWAS-NR achieves a significantly higher classification rate for true positive association signals than either the joint analysis or Fisher's methods and that it can also achieve this when there is imperfect marker overlap across datasets or when the closest disease-related polymorphism is not directly typed. In two autism datasets, GWAS-NR analysis resulted in 1535 significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks overlapping 431 unique reference sequencing (RefSeq) genes. Moreover, we identified the nearest RefSeq gene to the non-gene overlapping LD blocks, producing a final candidate set of 860 genes. Functional categorization of these implicated genes indicates that a significant proportion of them cooperate in a coherent pathway that regulates the directional protrusion of axons and dendrites to their appropriate synaptic targets. CONCLUSIONS As statistical noise is likely to particularly affect studies of complex disorders, where genetic heterogeneity or interaction between genes may confound the ability to detect association, GWAS-NR offers a powerful method for prioritizing regions for follow-up studies. Applying this method to autism datasets, GWAS-NR analysis indicates that a large subset of genes involved in the outgrowth and guidance of axons and dendrites is implicated in the aetiology of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - James M Jaworski
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daria Salyakina
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Deqiong Ma
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ioanna Konidari
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Patrice L Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - John R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Vanderbilt Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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12
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Requirement of both NR3A and NR3B subunits for dominant negative properties on Ca2+ mobilization mediated by acquired N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor channels into mitochondria. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:730-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Nakamichi N, Fukumori R, Takarada T, Kambe Y, Yamamoto T, Matsushima N, Moriguchi N, Yoneda Y. Preferential inhibition by antidiarrheic 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol of Ca(2+) influx across acquired N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels composed of NR1/NR2B subunit assembly. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:2483-93. [PMID: 20623618 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, particular phenolic ingredients, such as 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (2M4MP), of the antidiarrheic drug wood creosote significantly prevented cell death by both hydrogen peroxide and glutamate in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. In this study, we further evaluated the pharmacological properties of 2M4MP on Ca(2+) influx across native and acquired N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) channels. The addition of 2M4MP significantly prevented the loss of cellular viability and the increase in intracellular free Ca(2+) levels as determined by Fluo-3 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons briefly exposed to NMDA. Brief exposure to NMDA also led to a marked increase in mitochondrial free Ca(2+) levels determined by Rhod-2, in addition to intracellular free Ca(2+) levels, in HEK293 cells expressing either NR1/NR2A or NR1/NR2B subunit channels. The further addition of the general NMDAR channel blocker dizocilpine similarly inhibited the increase of intracellular Ca(2+) levels by NMDA in both types of acquired NMDAR channels, whereas the NR2B subunit selective antagonist ifenprodil drastically inhibited the increase by NMDA in HEK293 cells expressing NR1/NR2B, but not NR1/NR2A, subunits. Similarly, 2M4MP significantly and selectively inhibited the NMDA-induced influx of Ca(2+) across acquired NR1/NR2B channels in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, prior daily oral administration of 2M4MP significantly reduced the infarct volume in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion 1 day after reperfusion. These results suggest that 2M4MP may protect neurons from excitotoxicity through preferential inhibition of Ca(2+) influx across NMDAR channels composed of NR1/NR2B subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Nakamichi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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14
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Weick JP, Austin Johnson M, Zhang SC. Developmental regulation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons by calcium entry via transient receptor potential channels. Stem Cells 2010; 27:2906-16. [PMID: 19725137 DOI: 10.1002/stem.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous calcium (Ca(2+)) transients in the developing nervous system can affect proliferation, migration, neuronal subtype specification, and neurite outgrowth. Here, we show that telencephalic human neuroepithelia (hNE) and postmitotic neurons (PMNs) generated from embryonic stem cells display robust Ca(2+) transients. Unlike previous reports in animal models, transients occurred by a Gd(3+)/La(3+)-sensitive, but thapsigargin- and Cd(2+)-insensitive, mechanism, strongly suggestive of a role for transient receptor potential (Trp) channels. Furthermore, Ca(2+) transients in PMNs exhibited an additional sensitivity to the canonical Trp (TrpC) antagonist SKF96365 and shRNA-mediated knockdown of the TrpC1 subunit. Functionally, inhibition of Ca(2+) transients in dividing hNE cells led to a significant reduction in proliferation, whereas either pharmacological inhibition or shRNA-mediated knockdown of the TrpC1 and TrpC4 subunits significantly reduced neurite extension in PMNs. Primary neurons cultured from fetal human cortex displayed nearly identical Ca(2+) transients and pharmacological sensitivities to Trp channel antagonists. Together these data suggest that Trp channels present a novel mechanism for controlling Ca(2+) transients in human neurons and may offer a target for regulating proliferation and neurite outgrowth when engineering cells for therapeutic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Weick
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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15
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Fukumori R, Nakamichi N, Takarada T, Kambe Y, Matsushima N, Moriguchi N, Yoneda Y. Inhibition by 2-Methoxy-4-ethylphenol of Ca2+ Influx Through Acquired and Native N-Methyl-D-aspartate–Receptor Channels. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 112:273-81. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09294fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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16
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Wegner F, Kraft R, Busse K, Schaarschmidt G, Härtig W, Schwarz SC, Schwarz J. Glutamate receptor properties of human mesencephalic neural progenitor cells: NMDA enhances dopaminergic neurogenesisin vitro. J Neurochem 2009; 111:204-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Gu B, Nakamichi N, Zhang WS, Nakamura Y, Kambe Y, Fukumori R, Takuma K, Yamada K, Takarada T, Taniura H, Yoneda Y. Possible protection by notoginsenoside R1 against glutamate neurotoxicity mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors composed of an NR1/NR2B subunit assembly. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:2145-56. [PMID: 19224577 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (NTR1) is the main active ingredient in Panax notoginseng, a herbal medicine widely used in Asia for years. The purpose of this study was to investigate pharmacological properties of NTR1 on neurotoxicity of glutamate (Glu) in primary cultured mouse cortical neurons along with its possible mechanism of action. We found that NTR1 significantly protected neurons from the loss of cellular viability caused by brief exposure to 10 microM Glu for 1 hr in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations from 0.1 to 10 microM, without affecting the viability alone. NTR1 significantly inhibited the increased number of cells positive to propidium iodide (PI) staining, increase of intracellular free Ca(2+) ions, overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured neurons exposed to Glu, in addition to blocking decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax expression levels. We further evaluated the target site at which NTR1 protects neurons from Glu toxicity by using the acquired expression strategy of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. We found that 10 microM NTR1 protected NR1/NR2B subunit expressing cells from cell death by 100 microM NMDA, but not cells expressing NR1/NR2A subunits, when determined by PI staining. These results suggest that NTR1 may preferentially protect neurons from Glu excitotoxicity mediated by NMDA receptor composed of an NR1/NR2B subunit assembly in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa, Japan
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18
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Anji A, Kumari M. Differentiated P19 cells express N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 mRNA binding trans-acting proteins and four N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 splice variants comparable to those in cultured fetal cortical neurons. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:1591-601. [PMID: 19156858 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated P19 cells naturally express N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and serve as a good in vitro model system with which to study NMDA receptor regulation. Here we examined expression of NR1 mRNA binding trans-acting proteins and NR1 splice variants in P19 cells. After exposure to retinoic acid, P19 cells were differentiated for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days in vitro (DIV). Total RNA and protein extracts from differentiated P19 cells were utilized to examine NR1 and NR2B expression. A steady increase in NR1 and NR2B mRNA and protein levels was observed with respect to days of differentiation. NR2B mRNA was detected within 2 DIV. However, NR2B protein appeared only at 4 DIV. By contrast, minimal expression of NR1 mRNA could be detected in undifferentiated P19 cells, whereas NR1 protein was detected at 4 DIV. RT-PCR analysis identified expression of four of eight full-length NR1 splice variants, similar to the expression pattern seen in fetal cortical neurons (FCN). These data were confirmed by ribonuclease protection assays. RNA gel shift assays and Northwestern analysis revealed the expression of NR1 mRNA binding trans-acting proteins in P19 neurons comparable to those expressed in FCN. RNA super gel shift assays confirmed the presence of the NR1 mRNA binding trans-acting protein GIIbeta in the NR1-3'UTR-P19 protein complex. Levels of GIIbeta polypeptide increased with increase in days of differentiation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that differentiated P19 cells are comparable to FCN and hence provide an excellent in vitro model for studying NR1 mRNA regulation at the posttranscriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Anji
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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19
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Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha protects cultured cortical neurons from lipopolysaccharide-induced cell death via regulation of NR1 expression. J Neurosci 2009; 28:14259-70. [PMID: 19109507 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4258-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in some neurodegenerative disorders. NMDA glutamate receptors play an important role in neuronal development. Here, we show that NR1 expression in the cerebral cortex and primary neurons of rats was upregulated after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. This increase in NR1 expression was considered to be strongly associated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) activation because the treatment of primary neurons with either echinomycin or small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting HIF-1alpha could block NR1 expression. HIF-1alpha could be induced by an increase in the translational efficiency of the cells. After this, it was transported into the nucleus where it bound to the NR1 promoter and regulated the induction of NR1 transcriptional activity by LPS. LPS injection into the prefrontal cortex caused neuronal death, and this condition was aggravated by intracerebroventricular injection of echinomycin. Furthermore, knockdown of HIF-1alpha and NR1 by the appropriate siRNAs reduced the neurite outgrowth and viability of the primary neurons. These results suggest that NR1 expression is regulated by HIF-1alpha and plays a protective role in neurons during LPS challenge.
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