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Jiang N, Li YB, Jin JY, Guo JY, Ding QR, Meng D, Zhi XL. Structural and functional insights into the epigenetic regulator MRG15. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:879-889. [PMID: 38191914 PMCID: PMC11053006 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
MORF4-related gene on chromosome 15 (MRG15), a chromatin remodeller, is evolutionally conserved and ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and cells. MRG15 plays vital regulatory roles in DNA damage repair, cell proliferation and division, cellular senescence and apoptosis by regulating both gene activation and gene repression via associations with specific histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase complexes. Recently, MRG15 has also been shown to rhythmically regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and suppress carcinoma progression. The unique N-terminal chromodomain and C-terminal MRG domain in MRG15 synergistically regulate its interaction with different cofactors, affecting its functions in various cell types. Thus, how MRG15 elaborately regulates target gene expression and performs diverse functions in different cellular contexts is worth investigating. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of how MRG15 controls multiple physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Bo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Yu Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie-Yu Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiu-Rong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Lv J, Ren L, Han S, Zhang J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Fang H, Zhang L, Yang H, Wang S, Yang J, Cui X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Gao F. Peripheral blood hsa-circRNA5333-4: A novel biomarker for myasthenia gravis. Clin Immunol 2021; 224:108676. [PMID: 33465495 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of specific Circular RNAs (circRNAs) as novel peripheral blood biomarkers for myasthenia gravis (MG) was explored. We analyzed circRNAs in the peripheral blood of three normal controls and three MG patients using RNA microarray. Candidate circRNAs were validated in three independent cohorts by Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Eleven differentially expressed circRNAs were initially identified and four were confirmed in the first independent cohort. Hsa_circ_0076490 and hsa-circ_5333-4 had the largest areas under the curve (AUCs) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and were validated in the second cohort. In the third cohort, hsa-circRNA5333-4 had a larger AUC: 0.864 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.801-0.928, P < 0.001), a stronger correlation with the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score (qMG): r = 0.505 (P < 0.001) and was correlated with gender and acetylcholine receptor antibody levels (P < 0.05). So hsa-circRNA5333-4 represents a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lv
- Department of Neuroimmunology, BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China; Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Pingdingshan City, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Sensen Han
- Department of Neuroimmunology, BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Neuroimmunology, BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yingna Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Haonan Yang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Junhong Yang
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xinzheng Cui
- Myasthenia gravis comprehensive diagnosis and treatment center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Qingyong Zhang
- Myasthenia gravis comprehensive diagnosis and treatment center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yunke Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuroimmunology, BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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de la Ballina NR, Villalba A, Cao A. Differences in proteomic profile between two haemocyte types, granulocytes and hyalinocytes, of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:456-466. [PMID: 32205190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Haemocytes play a dominant role in shellfish immunity, being considered the main defence effector cells in molluscs. These cells are known to be responsible for many functions, including chemotaxis, cellular recognition, attachment, aggregation, shell repair and nutrient transport and digestion. There are two basic cell types of bivalve haemocytes morphologically distinguishable, hyalinocytes and granulocytes; however, functional differences and specific abilities are poorly understood: granulocytes are believed to be more efficient in killing microorganisms, while hyalinocytes are thought to be more specialised in clotting and wound healing. A proteomic approach was implemented to find qualitative differences in the protein profile between granulocytes and hyalinocytes of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, as a way to evaluate functional differences. Oyster haemolymph cells were differentially separated by Percoll® density gradient centrifugation. Granulocyte and hyalinocyte proteins were separated by 2D-PAGE and their protein profiles were analysed and compared with PD Quest software; the protein spots exclusive for each haemocyte type were excised from gels and analysed by MALDI-TOF/TOF with a combination of mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS for sequencing and protein identification. A total of 34 proteins were identified, 20 unique to granulocytes and 14 to hyalinocytes. The results suggested differences between the haemocyte types in signal transduction, apoptosis, oxidation reduction processes, cytoskeleton, phagocytosis and pathogen recognition. These results contribute to identify differential roles of each haemocyte type and to better understand the oyster immunity mechanisms, which should help to fight oyster diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria R de la Ballina
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Asunción Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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Bach SV, Hegde AN. The proteasome and epigenetics: zooming in on histone modifications. Biomol Concepts 2017; 7:215-27. [PMID: 27522625 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is a structural complex of many proteins that degrades substrates marked by covalent linkage to ubiquitin. Many years of research has shown a role for ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis in synaptic plasticity and memory mainly in degrading synaptic, cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. Recent work indicates that the proteasome has wider proteolytic and non-proteolytic roles in processes such as histone modifications that affect synaptic plasticity and memory. In this review, we assess the evidence gathered from neuronal as well as non-neuronal cell types regarding the function of the proteasome in positive or negative regulation of posttranslational modifications of histones, such as acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination. We discuss the critical roles of the proteasome in clearing excess histone proteins in various cellular contexts and the possible non-proteolytic functions in regulating transcription of target genes. In addition, we summarize the current literature on diverse chromatin-remodeling machineries, such as histone acetyltransferases, deacetylates, methyltransferases and demethylases, as targets for proteasomal degradation across experimental models. Lastly, we provide a perspective on how proteasomal regulation of histone modifications may modulate synaptic plasticity in the nervous system.
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Zou C, Li J, Xiong S, Chen Y, Wu Q, Li X, Weathington NM, Han S, Snavely C, Chen BB, Mallampalli RK. Mortality factor 4 like 1 protein mediates epithelial cell death in a mouse model of pneumonia. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:311ra171. [PMID: 26511508 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Unchecked epithelial cell death is fundamental to the pathogenesis of pneumonia. The recognition of unique signaling pathways that preserve epithelial cell viability may present new opportunities for interventional strategies. We describe that mortality factor 4 like 1 (Morf4l1), a protein involved in chromatin remodeling, is constitutively expressed at low levels in the lung because of its continuous degradation mediated by an orphan ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit, Fbxl18. Expression of Morf4l1 increases in humans with pneumonia and is up-regulated in lung epithelia after exposure to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or lipopolysaccharide. In a mouse model of pneumonia induced by P. aeruginosa, Morf4l1 is stabilized by acetylation that protects it from Fbxl18-mediated degradation. After P. aeruginosa infection of mice, overexpression of Morf4l1 resulted in lung epithelial cell death, whereas its depletion restored cell viability. Using in silico modeling and drug-target interaction studies, we identified that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved thrombin inhibitor argatroban is a Morf4l1 antagonist. Argatroban inhibited Morf4l1-dependent histone acetylation, reduced its cytotoxicity, and improved survival of mice with experimental lung injury at doses that had no anticoagulant activity. These studies uncover a previously unrecognized biological mechanism whereby pathogens subvert cell viability by extending the life span of a cytotoxic host protein. Morf4l1 may be a potential molecular target for non-antibiotic pharmacotherapy during severe pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbin Zou
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sheng Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Weathington
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - SeungHye Han
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Courtney Snavely
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bill B Chen
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA. Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Gupta P, Leahul L, Wang X, Wang C, Bakos B, Jasper K, Hansen D. Proteasome regulation of the chromodomain protein MRG-1 controls the balance between proliferative fate and differentiation in the C. elegans germ line. Development 2015; 142:291-302. [PMID: 25564623 DOI: 10.1242/dev.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The level of stem cell proliferation must be tightly controlled for proper development and tissue homeostasis. Multiple levels of gene regulation are often employed to regulate stem cell proliferation to ensure that the amount of proliferation is aligned with the needs of the tissue. Here we focus on proteasome-mediated protein degradation as a means of regulating the activities of proteins involved in controlling the stem cell proliferative fate in the C. elegans germ line. We identify five potential E3 ubiquitin ligases, including the RFP-1 RING finger protein, as being involved in regulating proliferative fate. RFP-1 binds to MRG-1, a homologue of the mammalian chromodomain-containing protein MRG15 (MORF4L1), which has been implicated in promoting the proliferation of neural precursor cells. We find that C. elegans with reduced proteasome activity, or that lack RFP-1 expression, have increased levels of MRG-1 and a shift towards increased proliferation in sensitized genetic backgrounds. Likewise, reduction of MRG-1 partially suppresses stem cell overproliferation. MRG-1 levels are controlled independently of the spatially regulated GLP-1/Notch signalling pathway, which is the primary signal controlling the extent of stem cell proliferation in the C. elegans germ line. We propose a model in which MRG-1 levels are controlled, at least in part, by the proteasome, and that the levels of MRG-1 set a threshold upon which other spatially regulated factors act in order to control the balance between the proliferative fate and differentiation in the C. elegans germ line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Lindsay Leahul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Chris Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Brendan Bakos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Katie Jasper
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Dave Hansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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Zou C, Mallampalli RK. Regulation of histone modifying enzymes by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:694-702. [PMID: 24389248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Histone post-translational modification is a key step that may result in an epigenetic mark that regulates chromatin structure and gene transcriptional activity thereby impacting many fundamental aspects of human biology. Subtypes of post-translational modification such as acetylation and methylation are executed by a variety of distinct modification enzymes. The cytoplasmic and nuclear concentrations of these enzymes are dynamically and tightly controlled at the protein level to precisely fine-tune transcriptional activity in response to environmental clues and during pathophysiological states. Recent data have emerged demonstrating that the life span of these critical nuclear enzymes involved in histone modification that impact chromatin structure and gene expression are controlled at the level of protein turnover by ubiquitin-proteasomal processing. This review focuses on the recent progress on mechanisms for ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of histone modification enzymes and the potential pathophysiological significance of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbin Zou
- Department of Medicine, The Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, The Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
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Liao H, Liu XJ, Blank JL, Bouck DC, Bernard H, Garcia K, Lightcap ES. Quantitative proteomic analysis of cellular protein modulation upon inhibition of the NEDD8-activating enzyme by MLN4924. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M111.009183. [PMID: 21873567 PMCID: PMC3226404 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.009183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are responsible for the ubiquitination of many cellular proteins, thereby targeting them for proteasomal degradation. In most cases the substrates of the CRLs have not been identified, although many of those that are known have cancer relevance. MLN4924, an investigational small molecule that is a potent and selective inhibitor of the Nedd8-activating enzyme (NAE), is currently being explored in Phase I clinical trials. Inhibition of Nedd8-activating enzyme by MLN4924 prevents the conjugation of cullin proteins with NEDD8, resulting in inactivation of the entire family of CRLs. We have performed stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture analysis of A375 melanoma cells treated with MLN4924 to identify new CRL substrates, confidently identifying and quantitating 5122-6012 proteins per time point. Proteins such as MLX, EID1, KLF5, ORC6L, MAGEA6, MORF4L2, MRFAP1, MORF4L1, and TAX1BP1 are rapidly stabilized by MLN4924, suggesting that they are novel CRL substrates. Proteins up-regulated at later times were also identified and siRNA against their corresponding genes were used to evaluate their influence on MLN4924-induced cell death. Thirty-eight proteins were identified as being particularly important for the cytotoxicity of MLN4924. Strikingly, these proteins had roles in cell cycle, DNA damage repair, and ubiquitin transfer. Therefore, the combination of RNAi with stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture provides a paradigm for understanding the mechanism of action of novel agents affecting the ubiquitin proteasome system and a path to identifying mechanistic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liao
- ‡From the Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Xiaozhen J. Liu
- ‡From the Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jonathan L. Blank
- ‡From the Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - David C. Bouck
- ‡From the Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hugues Bernard
- ‡From the Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Khristofer Garcia
- ‡From the Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Eric S. Lightcap
- ‡From the Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139
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Chen M, Tominaga K, Pereira-Smith OM. Emerging role of the MORF/MRG gene family in various biological processes, including aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1197:134-41. [PMID: 20536842 PMCID: PMC2918256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the dominant phenotype over immortality. In our studies to identify senescence-related genes, we cloned Morf4, which induced senescence in a subset of tumor cells. Morf4 is a member of a family of seven genes, and Morf-related genes (Mrg) on chromosomes 15 (Mrg15) and X (MrgX) are also expressed. In contrast to MORF4, MRG15 and MRGX are positive regulators of cell division. All three proteins interact with histone deacetylases and acetyltransferases, suggesting that they function in regulation of chromatin dynamics. Mrg15 knockout mice are embryonic lethal, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Mrg15 null embryos proliferate poorly, enter senescence rapidly, and have impaired DNA repair compared to the wild type. Mrg15 null embryonic neural stem and progenitor cells also have a decreased capacity for proliferation and differentiation. Further studies are needed to determine the function of this gene family in various biological processes, including neural stem and progenitor cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Chen
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Kinjo T, Ham-Terhune J, Peloponese JM, Jeang KT. Induction of reactive oxygen species by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax correlates with DNA damage and expression of cellular senescence marker. J Virol 2010; 84:5431-7. [PMID: 20219913 PMCID: PMC2863840 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02460-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax affects cellular genomic stability and senescence. As yet, the mechanism(s) for these events caused by Tax is incompletely understood. Here, we show that Tax expression in primary human cells induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which elicits DNA damage and the expression of senescence marker. Treatment with a ROS scavenger or knockdown of Tax expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated Tax-induced DNA damage and the expression of senescence marker. Our data suggest that ROS induction explains Tax-induced cellular DNA damage and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kinjo
- Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Division of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan, Division of Morphological Pathology, Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan, CNRS and Université Montpellier 1, UM5236, Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), Montpellier F-34965, France, CPBS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Julia Ham-Terhune
- Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Division of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan, Division of Morphological Pathology, Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan, CNRS and Université Montpellier 1, UM5236, Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), Montpellier F-34965, France, CPBS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Jean-Marie Peloponese
- Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Division of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan, Division of Morphological Pathology, Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan, CNRS and Université Montpellier 1, UM5236, Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), Montpellier F-34965, France, CPBS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Kuan-Teh Jeang
- Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Division of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan, Division of Morphological Pathology, Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan, CNRS and Université Montpellier 1, UM5236, Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), Montpellier F-34965, France, CPBS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier F-34095, France
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