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Merta H, Isogai T, Paul B, Danuser G, Henne WM. Spatial proteomics of ER tubules reveals CLMN, an ER-actin tether at focal adhesions that promotes cell migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577043. [PMID: 38328045 PMCID: PMC10849733 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is structurally and functionally diverse, yet how its functions are organized within morphological subdomains is incompletely understood. Utilizing TurboID-based proximity labeling and CRISPR knock-in technologies, here we map the proteomic landscape of the human ER and nuclear envelope. Spatial proteomics reveals enrichments of proteins into ER tubules, sheets, and nuclear envelope. We uncover an ER-enriched actin-binding protein, Calmin (CLMN), and define it as an ER-actin tether that localizes to focal adhesions adjacent to ER tubules. CLMN depletion perturbs focal adhesion disassembly, actin dynamics, and cell movement. Mechanistically, CLMN-depleted cells also exhibit defects in calcium signaling near ER-actin interfaces, suggesting CLMN promotes calcium signaling near adhesions to facilitate their disassembly. Collectively, we map the sub-organelle proteome landscape of the ER, identify CLMN as an ER-actin tether, and describe a non-canonical mechanism by which ER tubules engage actin to regulate cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Merta
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Tadamoto Isogai
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Blessy Paul
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - W Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
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Chen J, Zhang JX, Lei HX, Li XY, Yan YX, Wang YL, Lv YH, Yan YL, Lei YH. 13-Cis Retinoic Acid Induces Neuronal Differentiation in Daoy (Medulloblastoma) Cells Through Epigenetic Regulation of Topoisomerase IIβ. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7429-7445. [PMID: 37000354 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant tumor of the cerebellum that occurs in children and infants. Abnormal neuronal differentiation can lead to brain tumors, and topoisomerase IIβ (Top IIβ) plays an important role in neuronal differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) promoting the expression of Top IIβ and inducing neuronal differentiation in human MB Daoy cells. The results showed that 13-cis RA inhibited the cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. The cells differentiated into a neuronal phenotype, with high expression of the neuronal marker microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and abundant Top IIβ, and obvious neurite growth. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) modification in Top IIβ promoter decreased after 13-cis RA-induced cell differentiation, while jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3) binding in Top IIβ promoter increased. These results suggest that H3K27me3 and JMJD3 can regulate the expression of Top IIβ gene, which is related to inducing neural differentiation. Our results provide new insights into understanding the regulatory mechanisms of Top IIβ during neuronal differentiation and imply the potential application of 13-cis RA in the clinical treatment of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xia Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shijiazhuang Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hai-Xia Lei
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xing-Yu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xin Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hua Lei
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Alameda L, Trotta G, Quigley H, Rodriguez V, Gadelrab R, Dwir D, Dempster E, Wong CCY, Forti MD. Can epigenetics shine a light on the biological pathways underlying major mental disorders? Psychol Med 2022; 52:1645-1665. [PMID: 35193719 PMCID: PMC9280283 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of the global burden of disease can be attributed to mental illness. Despite important advances in identifying risk factors for mental health conditions, the biological processing underlying causal pathways to disease onset remain poorly understood. This represents a limitation to implement effective prevention and the development of novel pharmacological treatments. Epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as mediators of environmental and genetic risk factors which might play a role in disease onset, including childhood adversity (CA) and cannabis use (CU). Particularly, human research exploring DNA methylation has provided new and promising insights into the role of biological pathways implicated in the aetio-pathogenesis of psychiatric conditions, including: monoaminergic (Serotonin and Dopamine), GABAergic, glutamatergic, neurogenesis, inflammatory and immune response and oxidative stress. While these epigenetic changes have been often studied as disease-specific, similarly to the investigation of environmental risk factors, they are often transdiagnostic. Therefore, we aim to review the existing literature on DNA methylation from human studies of psychiatric diseases (i) to identify epigenetic modifications mapping onto biological pathways either transdiagnostically or specifically related to psychiatric diseases such as Eating Disorders, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Bipolar and Psychotic Disorder, Depression, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anxiety Disorder, and (ii) to investigate a convergence between some of these epigenetic modifications and the exposure to known risk factors for psychiatric disorders such as CA and CU, as well as to other epigenetic confounders in psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Giulia Trotta
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harriet Quigley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Rodriguez
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Romayne Gadelrab
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniella Dwir
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emma Dempster
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Chloe C. Y. Wong
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Transcription of the Envelope Protein by 1-L Protein–RNA Recognition Code Leads to Genes/Proteins That Are Relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 Life Cycle and Pathogenesis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:791-816. [PMID: 35723340 PMCID: PMC8928949 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The theoretical protein–RNA recognition code was used in this study to research the compatibility of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (E) with mRNAs in the human transcriptome. According to a review of the literature, the spectrum of identified genes showed that the virus post-transcriptionally promotes or represses the genes involved in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. The identified genes/proteins are also involved in adaptive immunity, in the function of the cilia and wound healing (EMT and MET) in the pulmonary epithelial tissue, in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease and in type 2 diabetes. For example, the E-protein promotes BHLHE40, which switches off the IL-10 inflammatory “brake” and inhibits antiviral THαβ cells. In the viral cycle, E supports the COPII-SCAP-SREBP-HSP90α transport complex by the lowering of cholesterol in the ER and by the repression of insulin signaling, which explains the positive effect of HSP90 inhibitors in COVID-19 (geldanamycin), and E also supports importin α/β-mediated transport to the nucleus, which explains the positive effect of ivermectin, a blocker of importins α/β. In summary, transcription of the envelope protein by the 1-L protein–RNA recognition code leads to genes/proteins that are relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and pathogenesis.
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Methylomic Investigation of Problematic Adolescent Cannabis Use and Its Negative Mental Health Consequences. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1524-1532. [PMID: 33631312 PMCID: PMC8380262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of adolescent cannabis use is a pressing public health question owing to the high rates of use and links to negative outcomes. This study considered the association between problematic adolescent cannabis use and methylation. METHOD Using an enrichment-based sequencing approach, a methylome-wide association study (MWAS) was performed of problematic adolescent cannabis use in 703 adolescent samples from the Great Smoky Mountain Study. Using epigenomic deconvolution, MWASs were performed for the main cell types in blood: granulocytes, T cells, B cells, and monocytes. Enrichment testing was conducted to establish overlap between cannabis-associated methylation differences and variants associated with negative mental health effects of adolescent cannabis use. RESULTS Whole-blood analyses identified 45 significant CpGs, and cell type-specific analyses yielded 32 additional CpGs not identified in the whole-blood MWAS. Significant overlap was observed between the B-cell MWAS and genetic studies of education attainment and intelligence. Furthermore, the results from both T cells and monocytes overlapped with findings from an MWAS of psychosis conducted in brain tissue. CONCLUSION In one of the first methylome-wide association studies of adolescent cannabis use, several methylation sites located in genes of importance for potentially relevant brain functions were identified. These findings resulted in several testable hypotheses by which cannabis-associated methylation can impact neurological development and inflammation response as well as potential mechanisms linking cannabis-associated methylation to potential downstream mental health effects.
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Labat B, Buchbinder N, Morin-Grognet S, Ladam G, Atmani H, Vannier JP. Biomimetic matrix for the study of neuroblastoma cells: A promising combination of stiffness and retinoic acid. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:383-392. [PMID: 34407473 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the third most common pediatric cancer composed of malignant immature cells that are usually treated pharmacologically by all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) but sometimes, they can spontaneously differentiate into benign forms. In that context, biomimetic cell culture models are warranted tools as they can recapitulate many of the biochemical and biophysical cues of normal or pathological microenvironments. Inspired by that challenge, we developed a neuroblastoma culture system based on biomimetic LbL films of physiological biochemical composition and mechanical properties. For that, we used chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) that were assembled and mechanically tuned by crosslinking with genipin (GnP), a natural biocompatible crosslinker, in a relevant range of stiffness (30-160 kPa). We then assessed the adhesion, survival, motility, and differentiation of LAN-1 neuroblastoma cells. Remarkably, increasing the stiffness of the LbL films induced neuritogenesis that was strengthened by the combination with ATRA. These results highlight the crucial role of the mechanical cues of the neuroblastoma microenvironment since it can dramatically modulate the effect of pharmacologic drugs. In conclusion, our biomimetic platform offers a promising tool to help fundamental understanding and pharmacological screening of neuroblastoma differentiation and may assist the design of translational biomaterials to support neuronal regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common pediatric tumor commonly treated by the administration of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Unfortunately, advanced neuroblastoma often develop ATRA resistance. Accordingly, in the field of pharmacological investigations on neuroblastoma, there is a tremendous need of physiologically relevant cell culture systems that can mimic normal or pathological extracellular matrices. In that context, we developed a promising matrix-like cell culture model that provides new insights on the crucial role of mechanical properties of the microenvironment upon the success of ATRA treatment on the neuroblastoma maturation. We were able to control adhesion, survival, motility, and differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. More broadly, we believe that our system will help the design of in vitro pharmacological screening strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Labat
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Évreux, France.
| | | | - Sandrine Morin-Grognet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Évreux, France
| | - Guy Ladam
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Évreux, France
| | - Hassan Atmani
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Évreux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vannier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PANTHER - INSERM 1234 - UFR de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen 22, boulevard Gambetta 76000 Rouen, France
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Wu Y, Liu CP, Xiang C, Xiang KF. Potential Significance and Clinical Value Explorations of Calmin (CLMN) in Breast Invasive Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:5549-5561. [PMID: 34531680 PMCID: PMC8439628 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s326960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Function of calmin (CLMN) was rarely reported in human diseases, especially in tumor. Present study initially assessed the significance of CLMN in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA). Methods Expressions of CLMN containing mRNA and protein in BRCA was firstly assessed, and association of CLMN mRNA expression with clinical phenotypes of BRCA patients was analyzed as well. Prognostic value of CLMN in BRCA was subsequently predicted based on the clinical characteristics of patients. Finally, the potential biological function associated with CLMN involved in BRCA was revealed. Results (1) The mRNA expression of CLMN was lower in BRCA compared with that in normal patients (P<0.001). However, result of CLMN total protein expression was opposite (P<0.05). (2) The mRNA expression of CLMN was statistically associated with BRCA patient’s age, gender, PR status, ER status, histological type, tumor stage, copy number, and methylation level (all P<0.05). (3) Compared with low expression group, high expression of CLMN was conducive to the overall survival of BRCA patients (P=0.0011). Detailed, survival difference between CLMN high and low expression groups was observed in patients with stage 1 (P=0.0250), positive ER status (P=0.0042), negative HER status (P=0.0433), luminal A (P=0.0065), luminal B (P=0.0123) and positive lymph node status (P=0.0069). Pathway analysis suggested that CLMN mainly participated in cell cycle process (P<0.05) and exerted inhibition effect on the cell cycle involved in BRCA (P<0.05). Conclusion CLMN mRNA high expression prolonged the survival time of patients and caused a favorable prognosis. The positive function of CLMN in BRCA required further investigation in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Hubei, 430019, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ping Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Fang Xiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Union Jiangnan Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430200, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Gao W, Chen R, Xie N, Tang D, Zhou B, Wang D. Duloxetine-Induced Neural Cell Death and Promoted Neurite Outgrowth in N2a Cells. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:859-870. [PMID: 32415528 PMCID: PMC7591439 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Duloxetine is a clinical drug that is primarily used for treatment of depression and pain, but it has side effects of addiction and tolerance. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is its metabolic enzyme, and the drug's biofunction results from its neuro-protective effect in animal and cell models. We aimed to investigate the duloxetine-induced neural cytotoxicity effect and its performance in an N2a cell neurite outgrowth model. Cell death was assessed as cell viability using a Cell Count Kit-8 and further evaluated using bright-field images, propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V staining, colony-formation analysis, TUNEL staining of the cells, and biochemical testing. N2a cells were committed to differentiation by serum withdrawal and RA induction, and the neurite outgrowth was evaluated as the number of differentiated cells, longest neurite length, and average neurite length. Cell cycle analysis, PI and annexin V staining, mRNA expression, and biochemical testing were used to evaluate the drug effects on differentiation. The induction of neural cell death by duloxetine was not affected by classic cell death inhibitors but was promoted by the CYP inducer rifampicin. N2a cell neurite outgrowth was promoted by duloxetine via reduction of the CYP2D6 and MDA levels and induction of Bdnf protein levels. Duloxetine induces neural cell death through effects on CYP and promotes N2a cell neurite outgrowth by regulating CYP, Bdnf protein, and the intracellular lipid peroxidation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Gao
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Center for DAMP Biology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510510, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Reproductive, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xie
- Department of Oral Pathology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Research Institute of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Borong Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Center for DAMP Biology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510510, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510510, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ding Wang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Center for DAMP Biology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510510, People's Republic of China. .,Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510510, People's Republic of China.
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Wang G, Guo X, Cheng L, Chu P, Chen M, Chen Y, Chang C. An integrated analysis of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network reveals novel insights into potential mechanisms of cell proliferation during liver regeneration. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3873-3884. [PMID: 31566012 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1669623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation constitutes the fundamental process and driving force behind regrowth during liver regeneration (LR). However, it remains unclear how competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks affect hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration. Therefore, this study was designed to explore an LR-specific ceRNA network, which regulates cell proliferation. Based on the microarray data of mRNAs, and high-throughput sequencing data of miRNAs and circRNAs from regenerating livers, this study initially applied known 1484 LR associated mRNAs to perform GO analysis, and then selected 169 LR associated mRNAs involved in cell proliferation and the cell cycle. Subsequently, 188 interactive miRNA-mRNA pairs and 5206 circRNA-miRNA pairs, respectively, were predicted using bioinformatics methods. Next, in view of the differential expressions of these ceRNAs during LR, 26 miRNA-mRNA pairs and 71 circRNA-miRNA pairs were applied to generate a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, and only 14 triple interactive groups were obtained based on the predicted inverse interactions among ceRNAs. Finally, circ_19698/miR-423-5p axis was demonstrated to promote cell proliferation by modulating the expression of MYC, CCNA2, and CCND1 in rat BRL-3A cells. This study suggests a potential regulatory mechanism of cell proliferation in regenerating livers, as well as a novel pathway for modulating ceRNA networks to promote liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiping Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan , China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , Henan , China
| | - Xueqiang Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan , China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , Henan , China
| | - Liya Cheng
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan , China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , Henan , China
| | - Peipei Chu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan , China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , Henan , China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan , China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , Henan , China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan , China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , Henan , China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan , China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , Henan , China
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Cheng CS, Liu TP, Chien FC, Mou CY, Wu SH, Chen YP. Codelivery of Plasmid and Curcumin with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Promoting Neurite Outgrowth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15322-15331. [PMID: 30986029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress leads to neuron damage and is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Researchers, therefore, are looking for antiinflammatory drugs and gene therapy approaches to slow down or even prevent neurological disorders. Combining therapeutics has shown a synergistic effect in the treatment of human diseases. Many nanocarriers could be designed for the simultaneous codelivery of drugs with genes to fight diseases. However, only a few researches have been performed in NDs. In this study, we developed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based approach for neurodegenerative therapy. This MSN-based platform involved multiple designs in the targeted codelivery of (1) curcumin, a natural antioxidant product, to protect ROS-induced cell damage and (2) plasmid RhoG-DsRed, which is associated with the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia for promoting neurite outgrowth. At the same time, TAT peptide was introduced to the plasmid RhoG-DsRed via electrostatic interaction to elevate the efficiency of nonendocytic pathways and the nuclear plasmid delivery of RhoG-DsRed in cells for enhanced gene expression. Besides, such a plasmid RhoG-DsRed/TAT complex could work as a noncovalent gatekeeper. The release of curcumin inside the channel of the MSN could be triggered when the complex was dissociated from the MSN surface. Taken together, this MSN-based platform combining genetic and pharmacological manipulations of an actin cytoskeleton as well as oxidative stress provides an attractive way for ND therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shun Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Pai Liu
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management , Taipei 112 , Taiwan
- Department of Surgery , Mackay Memorial Hospital , Taipei 104 , Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Chien
- Department of Optics and Photonics , National Central University , Chung-Li 320 , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
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Vitronectin is Involved in the Morphological Transition of Neurites in Retinoic Acid-Induced Neurogenesis of Neuroblastoma Cell Line Neuro2a. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1621-1635. [PMID: 30937689 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitronectin (Vtn), one of the extracellular matrix proteins, has been reported to result in cell cycle exit, neurite formation, and polarization of neural progenitor cells during neurogenesis. The underlying mechanism, however, has not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of Vtn and its integrin receptors, during the transition of neurites from multipolar to bipolar morphology, accompanying the cell cycle exit in neural progenitor cells. We used mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a as a model of neural progenitor cells which can induce cell cycle exit and the morphological transition of neurites by retinoic acid (RA)-stimulation. Treatment with an antibody for Vtn suppressed the RA-induced cell cycle exit and multipolar-to-bipolar transition. Furthermore, immunostaining results showed that in the cells displaying multipolar morphology Vtn was partially localized at the tips of neurites and in cells displaying bipolar morphology at both tips. This Vtn localization and multipolar-to-bipolar transition was perturbed by the transfection of a dominant negative mutant of cell polarity regulator Par6. In addition, a knockdown of β5 integrin, which is a receptor candidate for Vtn, affected the multipolar-to-bipolar transition. Taken together, these results suggest that Vtn regulates the multipolar-to-bipolar morphological transition via αvβ5 integrin.
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12
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Induction of Neuronal Differentiation of Murine N2a Cells by Two Polyphenols Present in the Mediterranean Diet Mimicking Neurotrophins Activities: Resveratrol and Apigenin. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030067. [PMID: 30037152 PMCID: PMC6165409 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the prevention of neurodegeneration associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease), neuronal differentiation is of interest. In this context, neurotrophic factors are a family of peptides capable of promoting the growth, survival, and/or differentiation of both developing and immature neurons. In contrast to these peptidyl compounds, polyphenols are not degraded in the intestinal tract and are able to cross the blood–brain barrier. Consequently, they could potentially be used as therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative pathologies associated with neuronal loss, thus requiring the stimulation of neurogenesis. We therefore studied the ability to induce neuronal differentiation of two major polyphenols present in the Mediterranean diet: resveratrol (RSV), a major compound found in grapes and red wine, and apigenin (API), present in parsley, rosemary, olive oil, and honey. The effects of these compounds (RSV and API: 6.25–50 µM) were studied on murine neuro-2a (N2a) cells after 48 h of treatment without or with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Retinoic acid (RA: 6.25–50 µM) was used as positive control. Neuronal differentiation was morphologically evaluated through the presence of dendrites and axons. Cell growth was determined by cell counting and cell viability by staining with fluorescein diacetate (FDA). Neuronal differentiation was more efficient in the absence of serum than with 10% FBS or 10% delipidized FBS. At concentrations inducing neuronal differentiation, no or slight cytotoxicity was observed with RSV and API, whereas RA was cytotoxic. Without FBS, RSV and API, as well as RA, trigger the neuronal differentiation of N2a cells via signaling pathways simultaneously involving protein kinase A (PKA)/phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC) and MEK/ERK. With 10% FBS, RSV and RA induce neuronal differentiation via PLC/PKC and PKA/PLC/PKC, respectively. With 10% FBS, PKA and PLC/PKC as well as MEK/ERK signaling pathways were not activated in API-induced neuronal differentiation. In addition, the differentiating effects of RSV and API were not inhibited by cyclo[DLeu5] OP, an antagonist of octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) which is a neurotrophic factor. Moreover, RSV and API do not stimulate the expression of the diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), the precursor of ODN. Thus, RSV and API are able to induce neuronal differentiation, ODN and its receptor are not involved in this process, and the activation of the (PLC/PKC) signaling pathway is required, except with apigenin in the presence of 10% FBS. These data show that RSV and API are able to induce neuronal differentiation and therefore mimic neurotrophin activity. Thus, RSV and API could be of interest in regenerative medicine to favor neurogenesis.
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Cellular and molecular responses to acute cocaine treatment in neuronal-like N2a cells: potential mechanism for its resistance in cell death. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:13. [PMID: 30210816 PMCID: PMC6133924 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is a highly abused drug that causes psychiatric and neurological problems. Its entry into neurons could alter cell-biochemistry and contribute in the manifestation of early pathological symptoms. We have previously shown the acute cocaine effects in rat C6 astroglia-like cells and found that these cells were highly sensitive to cocaine in terms of manifesting certain pathologies known to underlie psychological disorders. The present study was aimed to discern acute cocaine effects on the early onset of various changes in Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording of differentiated cells displayed the functional voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels, which demonstrated the neuronal characteristics of the cells. Treatment of these cells with acute cocaine (1 h) at in vivo (nM to μM) and in vitro (mM) concentrations revealed that the cells remained almost 100% viable. Cocaine administration at 6.25 μM or 4 mM doses significantly reduced the inward currents but had no significant effect on outward currents, indicating the Na+ channel-blocking activity of cocaine. While no morphological change was observed at in vivo doses, treatment at in vitro doses altered the morphology, damaged the neurites, and induced cytoplasmic vacuoles; furthermore, general mitochondrial activity and membrane potential were significantly decreased. Mitochondrial dysfunction enabled the cells switch to anaerobic glycolysis, evidenced by dose-dependent increases in lactate and H2S, resulting unaltered ATP level in the cells. Further investigation on the mechanism of action unfolded that the cell's resistance to cocaine was through the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) gene and subsequent increase of antioxidants (glutathione [GSH], catalase and GSH peroxidase [GPx]). The data clearly indicate that the cells employed a detoxifying strategy against cocaine. On a broader perspective, we envision that extrapolating the knowledge of neuronal resistance to central nervous system (CNS) diseases could delay their onset or progression.
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Segelken J, Wallisch M, Schultz K, Christoffers J, Janssen-Bienhold U. Synthesis and Evaluation of Two Novel All -trans-Retinoic Acid Conjugates: Biocompatible and Functional Tools for Retina Research. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:858-867. [PMID: 29482329 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin A derivative all- trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is an important biologically active metabolite that regulates a variety of essential biological processes in particular via gene-regulatory mechanisms. In the retina, ATRA is a light-dependent byproduct of the phototransduction cascade. Here, ATRA is not only needed for proper retinal development, but it also acts as a neuromodulator on horizontal cells, second-order inhibitory neurons in the outer retina, which reveal morphological and physiological changes when the retina is treated with ATRA. There is evidence that gene-regulatory mechanisms may only be partially involved in these neuromodulatory processes and the underlying nontranscriptional mechanisms are still elusive. This is, among other things, due to the lack of appropriately labeled ATRA, which would allow the tracking of ATRA in cells or a given tissue. To overcome this obstacle, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated two conjugates of ATRA, one conjugated with biotin (biotin-ATRA) and one conjugated with diaminoterephthalate fluorophore (DAT-ATRA), as molecular tools for different fields of application. The biocompatibility of both compounds was demonstrated via cell viability assays in cultured N2a-cells. N2a-cells exposed to the compounds showed no significant changes in the viability rate. The functionality of synthesized ATRA-conjugates was verified using retinal tissue derived from adult carp. The binding of ATRA-conjugates to distinct retinal cells was assessed in primary cultures of carp retina. Hereby, horizontal and Müller cells have been identified as specific target cells of the new ATRA compounds. Electron microscopy further confirmed that the new substances are still able to induce synaptic plasticity at horizontal cell dendrites resulting in formation of spine synapses, as it is shown for native ATRA. Taken together, the novel ATRA-conjugates represent biocompatible and functional molecular tools, which may further provide the possibility to track ATRA in neuronal cells and study its modulatory effects in different cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Segelken
- Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Visual Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Wallisch
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Schultz
- Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Janssen-Bienhold
- Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Visual Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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15
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Bai B, Xie B, Pan Z, Shan L, Zhao J, Zhu H. Identification of candidate genes and long non-coding RNAs associated with the effect of ATP5J in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1129-1138. [PMID: 29484395 PMCID: PMC5843394 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a process with multiple gene interactions. We have previously demonstrated that ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial (ATP5J) is associated with CRC migration and 5-fluorouracil resistance; nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. The following study uses microarray and bioinformatics methods to identify candidate genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in CRC cells (two pairs) with upregulated and downregulated ATP5J. Briefly, a total of 2,190 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were sorted. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed for 4 DEmRNAs to validate the results of microarray analysis. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment were analyzed for DEmRNAs using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Significantly enriched pathways included the regulation of gene expression and cell growth. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 (AKT2) was considered as one of the hub genes. For further analysis, 51 DEmRNAs and 30 DElncRNAs were selected that were positively or negatively associated with the expression of ATP5J in the two cell pairs. X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), premature ovarian failure 1B (POF1B) and calmin (CLMN) were identified in the DEmRNA-DElncRNA co-expression network. The expression of AKT2 and XIST in CRC cells was confirmed by RT-qPCR. To sum up, the candidate genes and lncRNAs, as well as potential signaling pathways, which were identified using integrated bioinformatics analysis, could improve the understanding of molecular events involved in the function of ATP5J in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Bai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zongyou Pan
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Lina Shan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jianpei Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, No. 2 Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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16
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Li R, Zhou Y, Cao Z, Liu L, Wang J, Chen Z, Xing W, Chen S, Bai J, Yuan W, Cheng T, Xu M, Yang FC, Zhao Z. TET2 Loss Dysregulates the Behavior of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Accelerates Tet2 -/--Driven Myeloid Malignancy Progression. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 10:166-179. [PMID: 29290626 PMCID: PMC5768963 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TET2 is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that regulates cytosine hydroxymethylation. Although there are extensive data implicating a pivotal role of TET2 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), the importance of TET2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) remains unknown. In this study, we show that loss of TET2 in BMSCs increases cell proliferation and self-renewal and enhances osteoblast differentiation potential of BMSCs, which may in turn alter their behavior in supporting HSPC proliferation and differentiation. In addition, Tet2 loss alters BMSCs in promoting Tet2-deficiency-mediated myeloid malignancy progression. Tet2 loss in BMSCs also dysregulates hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and the expression of genes that are key for BMSC proliferation and osteoblast differentiation, leading to alteration of biological characteristics in vivo. These results highlight the critical role of TET2 in the maintenance of BMSC functions and osteoblast differentiation and provide evidence that dysregulation of epigenetic modifiers in BMSCs contributes to the progression of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zeng Cao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China.
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17
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Ma SP, Ju F, Zhang YP, Shi X, Zhuang RJ, Xue H, Ma J, Wang L, Cheng BF, Cao H, Feng ZW, Wang M, Yang HJ. Cold-inducible protein RBM3 protects neuroblastoma cells from retinoic acid-induced apoptosis via AMPK, p38 and JNK signaling. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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18
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Hu W, Li S, Park JY, Boppana S, Ni T, Li M, Zhu J, Tian B, Xie Z, Xiang M. Dynamic landscape of alternative polyadenylation during retinal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1721-1739. [PMID: 27990575 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex process that must be exquisitely controlled at multiple levels to ensure the production of appropriate types and quantity of neurons. RNA alternative polyadenylation (APA) contributes to transcriptome diversity and gene regulation, and has recently been shown to be widespread in the CNS. However, the previous studies have been primarily focused on the tissue specificity of APA and developmental APA change of whole model organisms; a systematic survey of APA usage is lacking during CNS development. Here, we conducted global analysis of APA during mouse retinal development, and identified stage-specific polyadenylation (pA) sites that are enriched for genes critical for retinal development and visual perception. Moreover, we demonstrated 3'UTR (untranslated region) lengthening and increased usage of intronic pA sites over development that would result in gaining many different RBP (RNA-binding protein) and miRNA target sites. Furthermore, we showed that a considerable number of polyadenylated lncRNAs are co-expressed with protein-coding genes involved in retinal development and functions. Together, our data indicate that APA is highly and dynamically regulated during retinal development and maturation, suggesting that APA may serve as a crucial mechanism of gene regulation underlying the delicate process of CNS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 500040, China
| | - Shengguo Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ji Yeon Park
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Sridhar Boppana
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Miaoxin Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Genome Research, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 500040, China.
| | - Mengqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 500040, China. .,Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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19
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Sheng L, Anderson PH, Turner AG, Pishas KI, Dhatrak DJ, Gill PG, Morris HA, Callen DF. Identification of vitamin D 3 target genes in human breast cancer tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:90-97. [PMID: 26485663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple epidemiological studies have shown that high vitamin D3 status is strongly associated with improved breast cancer survival. To determine the molecular pathways influenced by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) in breast epithelial cells we isolated RNA from normal human breast and cancer tissues treated with 1,25D in an ex vivo explant system. RNA-Seq revealed 523 genes that were differentially expressed in breast cancer tissues in response to 1,25D treatment, and 127 genes with altered expression in normal breast tissues. GoSeq KEGG pathway analysis revealed 1,25D down-regulated cellular metabolic pathways and enriched pathways involved with intercellular adhesion. The highly 1,25D up-regulated target genes CLMN, SERPINB1, EFTUD1, and KLK6were selected for further analysis and up-regulation by 1,25D was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis in breast cancer cell lines and in a subset of human clinical samples from normal and cancer breast tissues. Ketoconazole potentiated 1,25D-mediated induction of CLMN, SERPINB1, and KLK6 mRNA through inhibition of 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) activity. Elevated expression levels of CLMN, SERPINB1, and KLK6 are associated with prolonged relapse-free survival for breast cancer patients. The major finding of the present study is that exposure of both normal and malignant breast tissue to 1,25D results in changes in cellular adhesion, metabolic pathways and tumor suppressor-like pathways, which support epidemiological data suggesting that adequate vitamin D3 levels may improve breast cancer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew G Turner
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter G Gill
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David F Callen
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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20
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Simmons KM, Beaudin SG, Narvaez CJ, Welsh J. Gene Signatures of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Exposure in Normal and Transformed Mammary Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1693-711. [PMID: 25736056 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate potential mediators of vitamin D receptor (VDR) action in breast cancer, we profiled the genomic effects of its ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) in cells derived from normal mammary tissue and breast cancer. In non-transformed hTERT-HME cells, 483 1,25D responsive entities in 42 pathways were identified, whereas in MCF7 breast cancer cells, 249 1,25D responsive entities in 31 pathways were identified. Only 21 annotated genes were commonly altered by 1,25D in both MCF7 and hTERT-HME cells. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted eight pathways (including senescence/autophagy, TGFβ signaling, endochondral ossification, and adipogenesis) commonly altered by 1,25D in hTERT-HME and MCF7 cells. Regulation of a subset of immune (CD14, IL1RL1, MALL, CAMP, SEMA6D, TREM1, CSF1, IL33, TLR4) and metabolic (ITGB3, SLC1A1, G6PD, GLUL, HIF1A, KDR, BIRC3) genes by 1,25D was confirmed in hTERT-HME cells and similar changes were observed in another comparable non-transformed mammary cell line (HME cells). The effects of 1,25D on these genes were retained in HME cells expressing SV40 large T antigen but were selectively abrogated in HME cells expressing SV40 + RAS and in MCF7 cells. Integration of the datasets from hTERT-HME and MCF7 cells with publically available RNA-SEQ data from 1,25D treated SKBR3 breast cancer cells enabled identification of an 11-gene signature representative of 1,25D exposure in all three breast-derived cell lines. Four of these 11 genes (CYP24A1, CLMN, EFTUD1, and SERPINB1) were also identified as 1,25D responsive in human breast tumor explants, suggesting that this gene signature may prove useful as a biomarker of vitamin D exposure in breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Simmons
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, 12144
| | - Sarah G Beaudin
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, 12144
| | - Carmen J Narvaez
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, 12144
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, 12144.,Cancer Research Center and the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Environmental Health Sciences, SUNY Albany, Rensselaer, New York, 12144
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21
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Polysulfide promotes neuroblastoma cell differentiation by accelerating calcium influx. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:488-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Li B, Gao MH, Chu XM, Teng L, Lv CY, Yang P, Yin QF. The synergistic antitumor effects of all-trans retinoic acid and C-phycocyanin on the lung cancer A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 749:107-14. [PMID: 25617793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer effects and mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), C-phycocyanin (C-PC) or ATRA+C-PC on the growth of A549 cells were studied in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The effects of C-PC and ATRA on the growth of A549 cells were determined. The expression of CDK-4 and caspase-3, and the cellular apoptosis levels were detected. The tumor model was established by subcutaneous injection of A549 cells to the left axilla of the NU/NU mice. The weights of tumor and the spleen were tested. The viabilities of T-cells and spleen cells, TNF levels, the expression of Bcl-2 protein and Cyclin D1 gene were examined. Results showed both C-PC and ATRA could inhibit the growth of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. ATRA+C-PC cooperatively showed a higher antitumor activity. The dosage of ATRA was reduced when it was administered with C-PC together, and the toxicity was reduced as well. ATRA+C-PC could decrease CDK-4 but increase caspase-3 protein expression level and induce cell apoptosis. ATRA alone could lower the activities of T lymphocytes and spleen weights, but the combination with C-PC could effectively promote viability of T cells and spleen. C-PC+ATRA could up-regulate TNF, and down-regulate Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1 gene. The combination might inhibit tumor growth by inhibiting the progress of cell cycle, inducing cell apoptosis and enhancing the body immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Biology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Mei-Hua Gao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Lei Teng
- Department of Biology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Cong-Yi Lv
- Department of Biology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Biology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Qi-Feng Yin
- Department of Biology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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Li M, Sun Y, Guan X, Shu X, Li C. Advanced progress on the relationship between RA and its receptors and malignant tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 91:271-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Chlapek P, Neradil J, Redova M, Zitterbart K, Sterba J, Veselska R. The ATRA-induced differentiation of medulloblastoma cells is enhanced with LOX/COX inhibitors: an analysis of gene expression. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:51. [PMID: 24959102 PMCID: PMC4066709 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A detailed analysis of the expression of 440 cancer-related genes was performed after the combined treatment of medulloblastoma cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and inhibitors of lipoxygenases (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX). The combinations of retinoids and celecoxib as a COX-2 inhibitor were reported to be effective in some regimens of metronomic therapy of relapsed solid tumors with poor prognosis. Our previous findings on neuroblastoma cells using expression profiling showed that LOX/COX inhibitors have the capability of enhancing the differentiating action of ATRA. Presented study focused on the continuation of our previous work to confirm the possibility of enhancing ATRA-induced cell differentiation in these cell lines via the application of LOX/COX inhibitors. This study provides more detailed information concerning the mechanisms of the enhancement of the ATRA-induced differentiation of medulloblastoma cells. Methods The Daoy and D283 Med medulloblastoma cell lines were chosen for this study. Caffeic acid (an inhibitor of 5-LOX) and celecoxib (an inhibitor on COX-2) were used in combined treatment with ATRA. The expression profiling was performed using Human Cancer Oligo GEArray membranes, and the most promising results were verified using RT-PCR. Results The expression profiling of the selected cancer-related genes clearly confirmed that the differentiating effects of ATRA should be enhanced via its combined administration with caffeic acid or celecoxib. This effect was detected in both cell lines. An increased expression of the genes that encoded the proteins participating in induced differentiation and cytoskeleton remodeling was detected in both cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was also observed for the CDKN1A gene encoding the p21 protein, which is an important regulator of the cell cycle, and for the genes encoding proteins that are associated with proteasome activity. Furthermore, our results showed that D283 Med cells are significantly more sensitive to treatment with ATRA alone than Daoy cells. Conclusions The obtained results on medulloblastoma cell lines are in accordance with our previous findings on neuroblastoma cells and confirm our hypothesis concerning the common mechanism of the enhancement of ATRA-induced cell differentiation in various types of pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Chlapek
- Department of Experimental Biology - Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Department of Experimental Biology - Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Redova
- Department of Experimental Biology - Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Experimental Biology - Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic ; Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Department of Experimental Biology - Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Yang F, Li B, Chu XM, Lv CY, Xu YJ, Yang P. Molecular mechanism of inhibitory effects of C-phycocyanin combined with all-trans-retinoic acid on the growth of HeLa cells in vitro. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5619-28. [PMID: 24563337 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), C-phycocyanin (C-PC), or ATRA+C-PC on the growth of cervical cells (HeLa cells), cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis. The anticancer mechanism of the drug combination was revealed. MTT assay was adopted to determine the effects of C-PC and ATRA on the growth of HeLa cells. The expression quantities of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and CD59 were determined by in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot, and RT-PCR. TUNEL assay was adopted to determine the cellular apoptosis levels. Both C-PC and ATRA could inhibit the growth of HeLa cells, and the combination of ATRA+C-PC functioned cooperatively to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. The dosage of ATRA was reduced when it cooperated with C-PC to reduce the toxicity. ATRA treated with C-PC could induce more cell cycle arrests than the single drug used by decrease in cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression. The combination of the two drugs could upregulate caspase-3 and downregulate the Bcl-2 gene and induce cell apoptosis. Moreover, the combination therapy has an important immunological significance in decreased expression of the CD59 protein. Singly, C-PC or ATRA could inhibit the growth of HeLa cells, and the effects of treatment were further enhanced in the combination group. In combination with C-PC, the dosage of ATRA was effectively reduced. The C-PC + ATRA combination might take effect by inhibiting the progress of the cell cycle, inducing cell apoptosis and promoting complement-mediated cytolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Biology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China,
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Matsunami N, Hensel CH, Baird L, Stevens J, Otterud B, Leppert T, Varvil T, Hadley D, Glessner JT, Pellegrino R, Kim C, Thomas K, Wang F, Otieno FG, Ho K, Christensen GB, Li D, Prekeris R, Lambert CG, Hakonarson H, Leppert MF. Identification of rare DNA sequence variants in high-risk autism families and their prevalence in a large case/control population. Mol Autism 2014; 5:5. [PMID: 24467814 PMCID: PMC4098669 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-5-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetics clearly plays a major role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but studies to date are only beginning to characterize the causal genetic variants responsible. Until recently, studies using multiple extended multi-generation families to identify ASD risk genes had not been undertaken. METHODS We identified haplotypes shared among individuals with ASDs in large multiplex families, followed by targeted DNA capture and sequencing to identify potential causal variants. We also assayed the prevalence of the identified variants in a large ASD case/control population. RESULTS We identified 584 non-conservative missense, nonsense, frameshift and splice site variants that might predispose to autism in our high-risk families. Eleven of these variants were observed to have odds ratios greater than 1.5 in a set of 1,541 unrelated children with autism and 5,785 controls. Three variants, in the RAB11FIP5, ABP1, and JMJD7-PLA2G4B genes, each were observed in a single case and not in any controls. These variants also were not seen in public sequence databases, suggesting that they may be rare causal ASD variants. Twenty-eight additional rare variants were observed only in high-risk ASD families. Collectively, these 39 variants identify 36 genes as ASD risk genes. Segregation of sequence variants and of copy number variants previously detected in these families reveals a complex pattern, with only a RAB11FIP5 variant segregating to all affected individuals in one two-generation pedigree. Some affected individuals were found to have multiple potential risk alleles, including sequence variants and copy number variants (CNVs), suggesting that the high incidence of autism in these families could be best explained by variants at multiple loci. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to use haplotype sharing to identify familial ASD risk loci. In total, we identified 39 variants in 36 genes that may confer a genetic risk of developing autism. The observation of 11 of these variants in unrelated ASD cases further supports their role as ASD risk variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Matsunami
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Lisa Baird
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeff Stevens
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brith Otterud
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tami Leppert
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tena Varvil
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dexter Hadley
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renata Pellegrino
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia Kim
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Thomas
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fengxiang Wang
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederick G Otieno
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karen Ho
- Lineagen, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Dongying Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark F Leppert
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Trillo MÁ, Martínez MA, Cid MA, Úbeda A. Retinoic acid inhibits the cytoproliferative response to weak 50‑Hz magnetic fields in neuroblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:885-94. [PMID: 23292364 PMCID: PMC3597587 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that intermittent exposure to a 50‑Hz magnetic field (MF) at 100 µT stimulates cell proliferation in the human neuroblastoma cell line NB69. The present study aimed to investigate whether the magnetic field-induced growth promotion also occurs at a lower magnetic flux density of 10 µT. To this purpose, NB69 cells were subjected for 42 h to intermittent exposure, 3 h on/3 h off, to a 50‑Hz MF at a 10 or 100 µT magnetic flux density. The field exposure took place either in the presence or in the absence of the antiproliferative agent retinoic acid. At the end of the treatment and/or incubation period, the cell growth was estimated by hemocytometric counting and spectrophotometric analysis of total protein and DNA contents. Potential changes in DNA synthesis were also assessed through proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolabeling. The results confirmed previously reported data that a 42-h exposure to a 50‑Hz sine wave MF at 100 µT promotes cell growth in the NB69 cell line, and showed that 10 µT induces a similar proliferative response. This effect, which was significantly associated and linearly correlated with PCNA expression, was abolished by the presence of retinoic acid in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Trillo
- Department of Research-BEM, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Shearer KD, Stoney PN, Morgan PJ, McCaffery PJ. A vitamin for the brain. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35:733-41. [PMID: 22959670 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS) the function of retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is best understood from its action in guiding embryonic development; as development comes to completion, retinoic acid signaling declines. However, it is increasingly recognized that this signaling mechanism does not disappear in the adult brain but becomes more regionally focused and takes on new roles. These functions are often tied to processes of neural plasticity whether in the hippocampus, through homeostatic neural plasticity, the olfactory bulb or the hypothalamus. The role of retinoic acid in the control of plastic processes has led to suggestions of its involvement in neural disorders, both degenerative and psychiatric. This review presents a snapshot of developments in these areas over recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty D Shearer
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
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29
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Locatelli D, Terao M, Fratelli M, Zanetti A, Kurosaki M, Lupi M, Barzago MM, Uggetti A, Capra S, D'Errico P, Battaglia GS, Garattini E. Human axonal survival of motor neuron (a-SMN) protein stimulates axon growth, cell motility, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) production. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25782-94. [PMID: 22669976 PMCID: PMC3406665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.362830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is a fatal genetic disease of motoneurons due to loss of full-length survival of motor neuron protein, the main product of the disease gene SMN1. Axonal SMN (a-SMN) is an alternatively spliced isoform of SMN1, generated by retention of intron 3. To study a-SMN function, we generated cellular clones for the expression of the protein in mouse motoneuron-like NSC34 cells. The model was instrumental in providing evidence that a-SMN decreases cell growth and plays an important role in the processes of axon growth and cellular motility. In our conditions, low levels of a-SMN expression were sufficient to trigger the observed biological effects, which were not modified by further increasing the amounts of the expressed protein. Differential transcriptome analysis led to the identification of novel a-SMN-regulated factors, i.e. the transcripts coding for the two chemokines, C-C motif ligands 2 and 7 (CCL2 and CCL7), as well as the neuronal and myotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1). a-SMN-dependent induction of CCL2 and IGF1 mRNAs resulted in increased intracellular levels and secretion of the respective protein products. Induction of CCL2 contributes to the a-SMN effects, mediating part of the action on axon growth and random cell motility, as indicated by chemokine knockdown and re-addition studies. Our results shed new light on a-SMN function and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The data provide a rational framework to understand the role of a-SMN deficiency in the etiopathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Locatelli
- Molecular Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neurophysiology and Epileptology, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy
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