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Chen K, Si Y, Guan JS, Zhou Z, Kim S, Kim T, Shan L, Willey CD, Zhou L, Liu X. Targeted Extracellular Vesicles Delivered Verrucarin A to Treat Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:130. [PMID: 35052809 PMCID: PMC8773723 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas, accounting for approximately 50% of gliomas, comprise the most aggressive, highly heterogeneous, and malignant brain tumors. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a new targeted therapy, i.e., highly potent natural compound verrucarin A (Ver-A), delivered with monoclonal antibody-directed extracellular vesicle (mAb-EV). First, the high surface expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma patient tissue and cell lines was confirmed using immunohistochemistry staining, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. mAb-EV-Ver-A was constructed by packing Ver-A and tagging anti-EGFR mAb to EV generated from HEK293F culture. Confocal microscopy and the In Vivo Imaging System demonstrated that mAb-EV could penetrate the blood-brain barrier, target intracranial glioblastoma xenografts, and deliver drug intracellularly. The in vitro cytotoxicity study showed IC50 values of 2-12 nM of Ver-A. The hematoxylin and eosin staining of major organs in the tolerated dose study indicated minimal systemic toxicity of mAb-EV-Ver-A. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy study in intracranial xenograft models demonstrated that EGFR mAb-EV-Ver-A effectively inhibited glioblastoma growth, but the combination with VEGF mAb did not improve the therapeutic efficacy. This study suggested that mAb-EV is an effective drug delivery vehicle and natural Ver-A has great potential to treat glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jia-Shiung Guan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Zhuoxin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Liang Shan
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1701 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
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Stec WJ, Rosiak K, Siejka P, Peciak J, Popeda M, Banaszczyk M, Pawlowska R, Treda C, Hulas-Bigoszewska K, Piaskowski S, Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Rieske P. Cell line with endogenous EGFRvIII expression is a suitable model for research and drug development purposes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31907-25. [PMID: 27004406 PMCID: PMC5077985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant brain tumor, characterized by high cellular heterogeneity. About 50% of glioblastomas are positive for EGFR amplification, half of which express accompanying EGFR mutation, encoding truncated and constitutively active receptor termed EGFRvIII. Currently, no cell models suitable for development of EGFRvIII-targeting drugs exist, while the available ones lack the intratumoral heterogeneity or extrachromosomal nature of EGFRvIII. The reports regarding the biology of EGFRvIII expressed in the stable cell lines are often contradictory in observations and conclusions. In the present study, we use DK-MG cell line carrying endogenous non-modified EGFRvIII amplicons and derive a sub-line that is near depleted of amplicons, whilst remaining identical on the chromosomal level. By direct comparison of the two lines, we demonstrate positive effects of EGFRvIII on cell invasiveness and populational growth as a result of elevated cell survival but not proliferation rate. Investigation of the PI3K/Akt indicated no differences between the lines, whilst NFκB pathway was over-active in the line strongly expressing EGFRvIII, finding further supported by the effects of NFκB pathway specific inhibitors. Taken together, these results confirm the important role of EGFRvIII in intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of tumor behavior. Moreover, the proposed models are stable, making them suitable for research purposes as well as drug development process utilizing high throughput approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Stec
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Rosiak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Siejka
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Peciak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Popeda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Roza Pawlowska
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Treda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Sylwester Piaskowski
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Wang H, Xu T, Jiang Y, Xu H, Yan Y, Fu D, Chen J. The challenges and the promise of molecular targeted therapy in malignant gliomas. Neoplasia 2015; 17:239-55. [PMID: 25810009 PMCID: PMC4372648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors and one of the most challenging forms of cancers to treat. Despite advances in conventional treatment, the outcome for patients remains almost universally fatal. This poor prognosis is due to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical removal. However, over the past decade, molecular targeted therapy has held the promise of transforming the care of malignant glioma patients. Significant progress in understanding the molecular pathology of gliomagenesis and maintenance of the malignant phenotypes will open opportunities to rationally develop new molecular targeted therapy options. Recently, therapeutic strategies have focused on targeting pro-growth signaling mediated by receptor tyrosine kinase/RAS/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, proangiogenic pathways, and several other vital intracellular signaling networks, such as proteasome and histone deacetylase. However, several factors such as cross-talk between the altered pathways, intratumoral molecular heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance of glioma stem cells (GSCs) have limited the activity of single agents. Efforts are ongoing to study in depth the complex molecular biology of glioma, develop novel regimens targeting GSCs, and identify biomarkers to stratify patients with the individualized molecular targeted therapy. Here, we review the molecular alterations relevant to the pathology of malignant glioma, review current advances in clinical targeted trials, and discuss the challenges, controversies, and future directions of molecular targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Stoltz K, Sinyuk M, Hale JS, Wu Q, Otvos B, Walker K, Vasanji A, Rich JN, Hjelmeland AB, Lathia JD. Development of a Sox2 reporter system modeling cellular heterogeneity in glioma. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:361-71. [PMID: 25416826 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas are complex systems containing a number of factors that drive tumor initiation and progression, including genetic aberrations that lead to extensive cellular heterogeneity within the neoplastic compartment. Mouse models recapitulate these genetic aberrations, but readily observable heterogeneity remains challenging. METHODS To interrogate cellular heterogeneity in mouse glioma models, we utilized a replication-competent avian sarcoma-leukosis virus long terminal repeat with splice acceptor/tumor virus A (RCAS-tva) system to generate spontaneous mouse gliomas that contained a Sox2-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-tva mice were crossed with Sox2-EGFP mice, and tumors were initiated that contained a subpopulation of Sox2-EGFP-high cells enriched for tumor-initiating cell properties such as self-renewal, multilineage differentiation potential, and perivascular localization. RESULTS Following implantation into recipient mice, Sox2-EGFP-high cells generated tumors containing Sox2-EGFP-high and Sox2-EGFP-low cells. Kinomic analysis of Sox2-EGFP-high cells revealed activation of known glioma signaling pathways that are strongly correlated with patient survival including platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, phosphoinositide-3 kinase, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Our functional analysis identified active feline sarcoma (Fes) signaling in Sox2-EGFP-high cells. Fes negatively correlated with glioma patient survival and was coexpressed with Sox2-positive cells in glioma xenografts and primary patient-derived tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our RCAS-tva/Sox2-EGFP model will empower closer examination of cellular heterogeneity and will be useful for identifying novel glioma pathways as well as testing preclinical treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Stoltz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (K.S., M.S., J.S.H., B.O., J.D.L.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (Q.W., J.N.R.); Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (K.W., A.B.H.); Image I.Q., Cleveland, Ohio (A.V.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (J.N.R., J.D.L.)
| | - Maksim Sinyuk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (K.S., M.S., J.S.H., B.O., J.D.L.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (Q.W., J.N.R.); Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (K.W., A.B.H.); Image I.Q., Cleveland, Ohio (A.V.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (J.N.R., J.D.L.)
| | - James S Hale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (K.S., M.S., J.S.H., B.O., J.D.L.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (Q.W., J.N.R.); Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (K.W., A.B.H.); Image I.Q., Cleveland, Ohio (A.V.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (J.N.R., J.D.L.)
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (K.S., M.S., J.S.H., B.O., J.D.L.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (Q.W., J.N.R.); Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (K.W., A.B.H.); Image I.Q., Cleveland, Ohio (A.V.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (J.N.R., J.D.L.)
| | - Balint Otvos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (K.S., M.S., J.S.H., B.O., J.D.L.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (Q.W., J.N.R.); Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (K.W., A.B.H.); Image I.Q., Cleveland, Ohio (A.V.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (J.N.R., J.D.L.)
| | - Kiera Walker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (K.S., M.S., J.S.H., B.O., J.D.L.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (Q.W., J.N.R.); Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (K.W., A.B.H.); Image I.Q., Cleveland, Ohio (A.V.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (J.N.R., J.D.L.)
| | - Amit Vasanji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (K.S., M.S., J.S.H., B.O., J.D.L.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (Q.W., J.N.R.); Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (K.W., A.B.H.); Image I.Q., Cleveland, Ohio (A.V.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (J.N.R., J.D.L.)
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (K.S., M.S., J.S.H., B.O., J.D.L.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (Q.W., J.N.R.); Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (K.W., A.B.H.); Image I.Q., Cleveland, Ohio (A.V.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (J.N.R., J.D.L.)
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (K.S., M.S., J.S.H., B.O., J.D.L.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (Q.W., J.N.R.); Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (K.W., A.B.H.); Image I.Q., Cleveland, Ohio (A.V.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (J.N.R., J.D.L.)
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (K.S., M.S., J.S.H., B.O., J.D.L.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (Q.W., J.N.R.); Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S., J.D.L.); Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (K.W., A.B.H.); Image I.Q., Cleveland, Ohio (A.V.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (J.N.R., J.D.L.)
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