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Zhou X, Desai R, Zhang Y, Stec WJ, Miller KW, Jounaidi Y. High-level production and purification in a functional state of an extrasynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor containing α4β3δ subunits. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191583. [PMID: 29352320 PMCID: PMC5774841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors are implicated in numerous physiological processes, including cognition and inhibition of neurotransmission, rendering them important molecular targets for many classes of drugs. Functionally, the entire GABAAR family of receptors can be subdivided into phasic, fast acting synaptic receptors, composed of α-, β- and γ-subunits, and tonic extrasynaptic receptors, many of which contain the δ-subunit in addition to α- and β-subunits. Whereas the subunit arrangement of the former group is agreed upon, that of the αβδ GABAARs remains unresolved by electrophysiological and pharmacological research. To resolve such issues will require biophysical techniques that demand quantities of receptor that have been previously unavailable. Therefore, we have engineered a stable cell line with tetracycline inducible expression of human α4-, β3- and N-terminally Flag-tagged δ-subunits. This cell line achieved a specific activity between 15 and 20 pmol [3H]muscimol sites/mg of membrane protein, making it possible to obtain 1 nmole of purified α4β3δ GABAAR from sixty 15-cm culture dishes. When induced, these cells exhibited agonist-induced currents with characteristics comparable to those previously reported for this receptor and a pharmacology that included strong modulation by etomidate and the δ-subunit-specific ligand, DS2. Immunoaffinity purification and reconstitution in CHAPS/asolectin micelles resulted in the retention of equilibrium allosteric interactions between the separate agonist, anesthetic and DS2 sites. Moreover, all three subunits retained glycosylation. The establishment of this well-characterized cell line will allow molecular level studies of tonic receptors to be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rooma Desai
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keith W. Miller
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Youssef Jounaidi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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2
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Stec WJ, Rosiak K, Siejka P, Peciak J, Popeda M, Banaszczyk M, Pawlowska R, Treda C, Hulas-Bigoszewska K, Piaskowski S, Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Rieske P. Cell line with endogenous EGFRvIII expression is a suitable model for research and drug development purposes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31907-25. [PMID: 27004406 PMCID: PMC5077985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant brain tumor, characterized by high cellular heterogeneity. About 50% of glioblastomas are positive for EGFR amplification, half of which express accompanying EGFR mutation, encoding truncated and constitutively active receptor termed EGFRvIII. Currently, no cell models suitable for development of EGFRvIII-targeting drugs exist, while the available ones lack the intratumoral heterogeneity or extrachromosomal nature of EGFRvIII. The reports regarding the biology of EGFRvIII expressed in the stable cell lines are often contradictory in observations and conclusions. In the present study, we use DK-MG cell line carrying endogenous non-modified EGFRvIII amplicons and derive a sub-line that is near depleted of amplicons, whilst remaining identical on the chromosomal level. By direct comparison of the two lines, we demonstrate positive effects of EGFRvIII on cell invasiveness and populational growth as a result of elevated cell survival but not proliferation rate. Investigation of the PI3K/Akt indicated no differences between the lines, whilst NFκB pathway was over-active in the line strongly expressing EGFRvIII, finding further supported by the effects of NFκB pathway specific inhibitors. Taken together, these results confirm the important role of EGFRvIII in intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of tumor behavior. Moreover, the proposed models are stable, making them suitable for research purposes as well as drug development process utilizing high throughput approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Stec
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Rosiak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Siejka
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Peciak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Popeda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Roza Pawlowska
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Treda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Sylwester Piaskowski
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Peciak J, Stec WJ, Treda C, Ksiazkiewicz M, Janik K, Popeda M, Smolarz M, Rosiak K, Hulas-Bigoszewska K, Och W, Rieske P, Stoczynska-Fidelus E. Low Incidence along with Low mRNA Levels of EGFRvIII in Prostate and Colorectal Cancers Compared to Glioblastoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:146-151. [PMID: 28123609 PMCID: PMC5264051 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence as well as the potential role of EGFRvIII in tumors other than glioblastoma still remains a controversial subject with many contradictory data published. Previous analyses, however, did not consider the level of EGFRvIII mRNA expression in different tumor types. Methods: Appropriately designed protocol for Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (Real-time qRT-PCR) was applied to analyze EGFRvIII and EGFRWT mRNA expression in 155 tumor specimens. Additionally, Western Blot (WB) analysis was performed for selected samples. Stable cell lines showing EGFRvIII expression (CAS-1 and DK-MG) were analyzed by means of WB, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: Our analyses revealed EGFRvIII expression in 27.59% of glioblastomas (8/29), 8.11% of colorectal cancers (3/37), 6.52% of prostate cancers (3/46) and none of breast cancers (0/43). Despite the average relative expression of EGFRvIII varying greatly among tumors of different tissues (approximately 800-fold) or even within the same tissue group (up to 8000-fold for GB), even the marginal expression of EGFRvIII mRNA can be detrimental to cancer progression, as determined by the analysis of stable cell lines endogenously expressing the oncogene. Conclusion: EGFRvIII plays an unquestionable role in glioblastomas with high expression of this oncogene. Our data suggests that EGFRvIII importance should not be underestimated even in tumors with relatively low expression of this oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Peciak
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland;; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech J Stec
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Treda
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland;; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ksiazkiewicz
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Janik
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland;; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Popeda
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Smolarz
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Rosiak
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland;; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Och
- Clinical Department of Neurosurgery, The Voivodal Specialistic Hospital in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 18, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland;; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland;; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Nawrot B, Michalak O, De Clercq E, Stec WJ. Analogues of Acyclic Nucleosides Derived from Tris-(Hydroxymethyl)Phosphine Oxide or Bis-(Hydroxymethyl)Phosphinic Acid Coupled to DNA Nucleobases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 15:319-28. [PMID: 15646645 DOI: 10.1177/095632020401500604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel acyclic nucleoside analogues containing bis-(hydroxymethyl)phosphinic acid (BHPA) or tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine oxide (THPO) coupled with DNA nucleobases or with 5-fluorouracil were prepared and their antiviral activity was studied against cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), parainfluenza-virus type 3, reovirus-type 1, sindbis, coxsackie B4, punta toro, vesicular stomatitis and respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus-type 1 (KOS) and type 2 (G), vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus-1 (TK-KOS ACVr). No specific antiviral effects were noted for any of test compounds against viruses evaluated, except thymine, cytosine and adenine derivatives of BHPA exerting borderline activity against respiratory syncytial virus at the 80 mg/ml concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nawrot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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5
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Rosiak K, Smolarz M, Stec WJ, Peciak J, Grzela D, Winiecka-Klimek M, Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Krynska B, Piaskowski S, Rieske P. IDH1R132H in Neural Stem Cells: Differentiation Impaired by Increased Apoptosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154726. [PMID: 27145078 PMCID: PMC4856348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high frequency of mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene in diffuse gliomas indicates its importance in the process of gliomagenesis. These mutations result in loss of the normal function and acquisition of the neomorphic activity converting α-ketoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate. This potential oncometabolite may induce the epigenetic changes, resulting in the deregulated expression of numerous genes, including those related to the differentiation process or cell survivability. METHODS Neural stem cells were derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells following embryoid body formation. Neural stem cells transduced with mutant IDH1R132H, empty vector, non-transduced and overexpressing IDH1WT controls were differentiated into astrocytes and neurons in culture. The neuronal and astrocytic differentiation was determined by morphology and expression of lineage specific markers (MAP2, Synapsin I and GFAP) as determined by real-time PCR and immunocytochemical staining. Apoptosis was evaluated by real-time observation of Caspase-3 activation and measurement of PARP cleavage by Western Blot. RESULTS Compared with control groups, cells expressing IDH1R132H retained an undifferentiated state and lacked morphological changes following stimulated differentiation. The significant inhibitory effect of IDH1R132H on neuronal and astrocytic differentiation was confirmed by immunocytochemical staining for markers of neural stem cells. Additionally, real-time PCR indicated suppressed expression of lineage markers. High percentage of apoptotic cells was detected within IDH1R132H-positive neural stem cells population and their derivatives, if compared to normal neural stem cells and their derivatives. The analysis of PARP and Caspase-3 activity confirmed apoptosis sensitivity in mutant protein-expressing neural cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that expression of IDH1R132H increases apoptosis susceptibility of neural stem cells and their derivatives. Robust apoptosis causes differentiation deficiency of IDH1R132H-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Rosiak
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90–752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Smolarz
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Milionowa 23, 93–193, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Milionowa 23, 93–193, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Peciak
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90–752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dawid Grzela
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska, Milionowa 23, 93–193, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Winiecka-Klimek
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90–752, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Krynska
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States of America
| | - Sylwester Piaskowski
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90–752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90–752, Lodz, Poland
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Nawrot B, Michalak O, Mikołajczyk B, Stec WJ. Acyclic analogs of nucleosides based on tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine oxide: synthesis and incorporation into short DNA oligomers. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2015-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTris-(hydroxymethyl)phosphine oxide (THPO) to a certain extent resembles a part of 2′-deoxyribofuranose, although it exists in an acyclic form only and the oxygen atom at the THPO phosphorus center provides additional hydration site or acceptor of hydrogen bonds. After proper protection of hydroxyl groups, THPO was functionalized with nucleobases and converted into phosphoramidite monomers suitable for incorporation into growing oligonucleotide chains within the solid phase synthesis protocol. The resultant THPO-DNA analogs show reduced affinity to complementary DNA strands, and are resistant towards snake venom and calf spleen exonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nawrot
- 1Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Olga Michalak
- 2Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Mikołajczyk
- 3Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- 3Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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Gombler W, Kinas RW, Stec WJ. 31P−15N Coupling Constants and 15N/14N Isotope Effects on 31P NMR Chemical Shifts of 2-Phenylamino-2-oxo(-thioxo, -selenoxo)- 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes and Related Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1983-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The strong influence of a chalcogen atom (O, S, Se) attached to phosphorus on the spin-spin coupling constant 1J(P-15N) in the family of diastereoisomeric 2-|15N] -phenyl-amino-2X(X = O, S, Se)-4-methyl-l,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes is demonstrated. The 15N/14N isotope effect on the nuclear shielding of phosphorus-31 is larger for the shorter equatorial than for the longer axial P-N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Gombler
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Anorganische Chemie II, P. F. 102148, D-4630 Bochum 1 (FRG)
| | - Ryszard W. Kinas
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, 90-362 Łódź, Boczna 5, Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, 90-362 Łódź, Boczna 5, Poland
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Lesiak K, Stec WJ. The Stereochemistry of P-N Bond Cleavage in the Staudinger -Wittig-type Reaction of 2-Anilido-3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine-2-thiones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1978-0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Both isomers of 2-anilido-3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine-2-thiones (2 a and 2 b) derived from (-)ephedrine were obtained and converted to corresponding 2-thiomethyl derivatives (3 a and 3 b). The Staudinger-Wittig-type reaction of P-N bond cleavage was found to proceed with full retention of configuration at P-atom involved into five-membered ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Lesiak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, 90-362 Lodz, Boczna 5, Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, 90-362 Lodz, Boczna 5, Poland
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Wyroba E, Pawlowska Z, Kobylanska A, Pluskota E, Maszewska M, Stec WJ, Cierniewski CS. Internalization of oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor mRNA in endothelial cells: A three-dimensional reconstruction by confocal microscopy. Biol Cell 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1768-322x.1996.tb00964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Krakowiak A, Pęcherzewska R, Kaczmarek R, Tomaszewska A, Nawrot B, Stec WJ. Evaluation of influence of Ap4A analogues on Fhit-positive HEK293T cells; cytotoxicity and ability to induce apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5053-60. [PMID: 21757356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fragile histidine triad (Fhit) protein encoded by tumour suppressor FHIT gene is a proapoptotic protein with diadenosine polyphosphate (Ap(n)A, n=2-6) hydrolase activity. It has been hypothesised that formation of Fhit-substrate complex results in an apoptosis initiation signal while subsequent hydrolysis of Ap(n)A terminates this action. A series of Ap(n)A analogues have been identified in vitro as strong Fhit ligands [Varnum, J. M.; Baraniak, J.; Kaczmarek, R.; Stec, W. J.; Brenner, C. BMC Chem. Biol.2001, 1, 3]. We assumed that in Fhit-positive cells these compounds might preferentially bind to Fhit and inhibit its hydrolytic activity what would prolong the lifetime of apoptosis initiation signalling complex. Therefore, several Fhit inhibitors were tested for their cytotoxicity and ability to induce apoptosis in Fhit-positive HEK293T cells. These experiments have shown that Ap(4)A analogue, containing a glycerol residue instead of the central pyrophosphate and two terminal phosphorothioates [A(PS)-CH(2)CH(OH)CH(2)-(PS)A (1)], is the most cytotoxic among test compounds (IC(50)=17.5±4.2 μM) and triggers caspase-dependent cell apoptosis. The Fhit-negative HEK293T cells (in which Fhit was silenced by RNAi) were not sensitive to compound 1. These results indicate that the Ap(4)A analogue 1 induces Fhit-dependent apoptosis and therefore, it can be considered as a drug candidate for anticancer therapy in Fhit-positive cancer cells and in Fhit-negative cancer cells, in which re-expression of Fhit was accomplished by gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krakowiak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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Kulik K, Radzikowska E, Kaczmarek R, Baraniak J, Stec WJ, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Pannecouque C. Synthesis and an antiviral activity evaluation of nucleoside 5´-O-(N-acyl) phosphoramidates. Antivir Chem Chemother 2011; 21:143-50. [PMID: 21233535 DOI: 10.3851/imp1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND pyrimidine nucleoside analogues represent an established class of clinically useful antiviral agents. Once inside the cell, they are activated by a series of intracellular phosphorylation steps to produce 5´-triphosphate derivatives. In many cases, nucleoside analogues are poor substrates for the cellular kinases needed for their activation. It is clear that intracellular introduction of nucleoside analogues as phosphorylated metabolites (so called pronucleotides) could circumvent difficulties associated with the use of non-phosphorylated nucleoside analogues. METHODS among the current diverse pronucleotide approaches, nucleoside phosphoramidate derivatives appear to be an interesting class of potential antiviral agents because of the known relatively low stability of the P-N bond in cellular media. On the basis of oxathiaphospholane chemistry, a series of novel conjugates of 5´-O-phosphorylated zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T) with amino acids carboxamidates were obtained. The synthesis was performed using N-(2-thiono-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane) derivatives of amino acids carboxamides as precursors. RESULTS all synthesized compounds were studied against DNA and RNA viruses. Specific antiviral activities were only detected against HIV type-1 and HIV type-2 in MT-4 cell cultures at compound concentrations that were equally active or slightly inferior to the activity of their parent drugs (2- to 20-fold for the AZT prodrugs and 6- to 40-fold for the d4T prodrugs). The compounds were also evaluated for their anti-HIV activity in CEM and in CEM thymidine-kinase-deficient (CEM/TK(-)) cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS loss of compound antiviral potency in the CEM/TK(-) cells suggested an eventual conversion of the test compounds to the free nucleosides prior to further phosphorylation to the active 5´-triphosphate metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kulik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lódź, Poland
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Baraniak J, Kaczmarek R, Wasilewska E, Stec WJ. Oxathiaphospholane Approach to the Synthesis of Conjugates of Amino Acids Methyl Esters with Nucleosides. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500212234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Baraniak
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Science, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, Łódź , 90-363 , Poland
| | - Renata Kaczmarek
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Science, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, Łódź , 90-363 , Poland
| | - Ewa Wasilewska
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Science, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, Łódź , 90-363 , Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Science, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, Łódź , 90-363 , Poland
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Błaziak D, Guga P, Jagiełło A, Korczyński D, Maciaszek A, Nowicka A, Pietkiewicz A, Stec WJ. Stereoselective formation of a P-P bond in the reaction of 2-alkoxy-2-thio-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholanes with O,O-dialkyl H-phosphonates and H-thiophosphonates. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5505-10. [PMID: 20944857 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the formation of organohypophosphates containing a P-P bond under mild conditions, based on the DBU-assisted reaction of 2-alkoxy-2-thio-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholanes with O,O-dialkyl H-phosphonates or H-thiophosphonates, has been elaborated. The resulting triesters of P(1)-thio- and P(1),P(2)-dithiohypophosphoric acids, respectively, having O-methyl or O-ethyl groups, can be selectively dealkylated to form the corresponding di- or monoesters. Appropriately protected 2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-O-(2-thio-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane) was converted into the corresponding P(1)-thio- and P(1),P(2)-dithiohypophosphate esters in a highly stereoselective manner (98%+ and 90%+, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Błaziak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
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Tomaszewska A, Guga P, Stec WJ. Diastereomerically pure nucleoside-5'-O-(2-thio-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane)s--substrates for synthesis of P-chiral derivatives of nucleoside-5'-O-phosphorothioates. Chirality 2010; 23:237-44. [PMID: 20928893 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A method for stereocontrolled chemical synthesis of P-substituted nucleoside 5'-O-phosphorothioates has been elaborated. Selected 3'-O-acylated deoxyribonucleoside- and 2',3'-O,O-diacylated ribonucleoside-5'-O-(2-thio-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane)s were chromatographically separated into P-diastereomers. Their reaction with anions of phosphorus-containing acids was highly stereoselective (≥90%) and furnished corresponding P-chiral α-thiodiphosphates and their phosphonate analogs with satisfactory yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomaszewska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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15
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Wojcik M, Stec WJ. The effect of divalent cations on the catalytic activity of the human plasma 3'-exonuclease. Biometals 2010; 23:1113-21. [PMID: 20589414 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 3'-exonuclease from human plasma is a soluble form of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) (EC 3.1.4.1/EC 3.6.1.9). Here, the possibility of divalent cation influence for the 3'-exonuclease activity was investigated using the phosphorothioate congener of oligonucleotide containing all phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages of the [R(P)]-configuration ([R(P)-PS]-d[T(12)]) as the substrate for this enzyme. It was found that the 3'-exonuclease is a metalloenzyme, i.e. its phosphodiesterase activity was completely abolished at 0.8 mM concentration EDTA and, in turn, it was restored in the presence of Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ions. In addition, Mg(2+) can be replaced effectively by Ca(2+), Mn(2+), or Co(2+), but not by Ni(2+) and Cd(2+) during the hydrolysis of the phosphorothioate substrate in human plasma. In addition, the mechanism is postulated, by which a single internucleotide phosphorothioate bond of the S(P)-configuration at the 3'-end of unmodified phosphodiesters (PO-oligos), or their phosporothioate analogs (PS-oligos) protects these compounds against degradation in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wojcik
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical University of Łódź, 7/9 Żeligowskiego St, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
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16
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Wozniak LA, Bukowiecka-Matusiak M, Burzynska-Pedziwatr I, Stec WJ. Stereodefined dinucleoside (3′,5′)-propionamidophosphonates and β-cyanoethylphosphonates and their incorporation into modified oligonucleotides. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.01.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Olesiak M, Stec WJ, Okruszek A. The synthesis of di- and oligo-nucleotides containing a phosphorodithioate internucleotide linkage with one of the sulfur atoms in a 5'-bridging position. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2162-9. [PMID: 19421455 DOI: 10.1039/b901791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of internucleotide phosphorodithioate linkage is described, wherein one of the sulfur atoms occupies a 5'-bridging position. Representative dinucleotides possessing such a bond were synthesized by S-alkylation of nucleoside-3'-O-phosphorodithioates with 5'-halogeno-5'-deoxy-nucleosides. A fully protected dithymidylate containing internucleotide 5'-S-phosphorodithioate linkage was converted into a 3'-O-phosphoramidite derivative and employed for introduction of a modified dinucleotide into a predetermined position of the oligonucleotide sequence. The 5'-S-phosphorodithioate linkage in dinucleotide analogues was found to be resistant toward nucleolytic degradation with snake venom PDE and nuclease P1. However, P-stereoselective degradation was observed for diastereomers of 5'-S-phosphorodithioate dithymidine analogs under treatment with calf spleen PDE. The new 5'-S-phosphorodithioate linkage was readily degraded by iodine solutions in the presence of water. It was also found that oligothymidylates containing a single 5'-S-phosphorodithioate linkage form much weaker duplexes with their complementary sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Olesiak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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18
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Wozniak LA, Góra M, Kamiński Z, Stec WJ. Activation of Methylphosphonates and Their Thio- and Seleno Congeners with 1,3,5-Triazinyl Morpholinium Salts. Selenono-Selenolo Isomerization. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500801901152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna A. Wozniak
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Lodz, Poland
- b Medical University of Lodz, Dept Structural Biology , Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Góra
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Lodz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kamiński
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Lodz, Poland
- b Medical University of Lodz, Dept Structural Biology , Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Lodz, Poland
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Guranowski A, Wojdyła AM, Pietrowska-Borek M, Bieganowski P, Khurs EN, Cliff MJ, Blackburn GM, Błaziak D, Stec WJ. Fhit proteins can also recognize substrates other than dinucleoside polyphosphates. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3152-8. [PMID: 18694747 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We show here that Fhit proteins, in addition to their function as dinucleoside triphosphate hydrolases, act similarly to adenylylsulfatases and nucleoside phosphoramidases, liberating nucleoside 5'-monophosphates from such natural metabolites as adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate and adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate. Moreover, Fhits recognize synthetic nucleotides, such as adenosine 5'-O-phosphorofluoridate and adenosine 5'-O-(gamma-fluorotriphosphate), and release AMP from them. With respect to the former, Fhits behave like a phosphodiesterase I concomitant with cleavage of the P-F bond. Some kinetic parameters and implications of the novel reactions catalyzed by the human and plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) Fhit proteins are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Guranowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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20
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Abstract
A method for solid-phase synthesis of stereodefined PS-oligos via an oxathiaphospholane approach using pure P-diastereomers of nucleoside oxathiaphospholane monomers is described. The oxathiaphospholane monomers are synthesized by phosphitylation of 5'-O-DMTr-N-protected deoxyribonucleosides with 2-chloro-spiro-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane followed by sulfurization. The procedure is general and may be applied to other analogs, depending on the aldehyde (or mercaptoalcohol) used. Starting from an 18O-labeled mercaptoalcohol, the corresponding 18O-labeled phosphitylating reagent and nucleoside monomers can be obtained and used for synthesis of labeled stereodefined PS-oligos, which are useful for studying mechanisms of enzymatic reactions. Details are provided for chromatographic separation of the 5'-O-DMTr-N-protected-deoxyribonucleoside-3'-O-(2-thio-spiro-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane)s into their P-diastereomers, and for manual solid-phase synthesis of PS-oligos. Oxidation of 5'-O-DMTr-N-protected-deoxyribonucleoside-3'-O-(2-thio-spiro-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane)s with selenium dioxide yields their 2-oxo-analogs, which are suitable either for elongation of stereodefined PS-oligos with segments consisting of unmodified nucleotide units possessing phosphate internucleotide linkages, or for generating isotopomeric 18O-labeled PO-oligos of predetermined P-chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Guga
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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21
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Stec WJ, Maciaszek A, Guga P. Selenium-Derivatized Oligonucleotides. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500801898242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J. Stec
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Maciaszek
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Guga
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Łódź, Poland
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Wozniak LA, Góra M, Stec WJ. Chemoselective Activation of Nucleoside 3‘-O-Methylphosphonothioates with 1,3,5-Triazinyl Morpholinium Salts. J Org Chem 2007; 72:8584-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo7014906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna A. Wozniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland, and Medical University of Lodz, Department of Structural Biology, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Str., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Góra
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland, and Medical University of Lodz, Department of Structural Biology, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Str., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland, and Medical University of Lodz, Department of Structural Biology, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Str., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew J. Lesnikowski
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies., Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 , Lodz , Poland
| | - Maria M. Jaworska-Maslanka
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies., Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 , Lodz , Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- a Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies., Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 , Lodz , Poland
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24
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Wójcik M, Cieślak M, Stec WJ, Goding JW, Koziołkiewicz M. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 is responsible for degradation of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotides 2007; 17:134-45. [PMID: 17461770 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2007.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid degradation of unmodified phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides (PO-oligos) by exo -and endonucleases limits their application as antisense constructs and requires the synthesis and use of modified oligonucleotides. Phosphorothioate analogs of oligonucleotides (PS-oligos) are much more stable against nucleolytic degradation than their unmodified counterparts, and this is one of the reasons for which they are a promising class of antisense oligonucleotides. However, PS-oligos also undergo slow hydrolysis by enzymes present in plasma. The oligonucleotide degradation proceeds mainly from the 3' -end, resulting in the formation of a typical ladder of shorter products and the release of the mononucleoside 5' -phosphorothioates. So far, little has been known concerning the molecular identity of the enzymes involved in the degradation of PS-oligos. We now identify the human plasma 3' -exonuclease responsible for their degradation as a soluble form of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) (EC 3.1.4.1/EC 3.6.1.9), also known as the plasma cell differentiation antigen PC-1. We also show that adenosine or deoxyadenosine (alpha-thio)triphosphates can act as potent inhibitors of NPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wójcik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
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25
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Guga P, Boczkowska M, Janicka M, Maciaszek A, Kuberski S, Stec WJ. Unusual thermal stability of RNA/[RP-PS]-DNA/RNA triplexes containing a homopurine DNA strand. Biophys J 2007; 92:2507-15. [PMID: 17218459 PMCID: PMC1864848 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.099283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homopurine deoxyribonucleoside phosphorothioates, as short as hexanucleotides and possessing all internucleotide linkages of RP configuration, form a triple helix with two RNA or 2'-OMe-RNA strands, with Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen complementarity. Melting temperature and fluorescence quenching experiments strongly suggest that the Hoogsteen RNA strand is parallel to the homopurine [RP-PS]-oligomer. Remarkably, these triplexes are thermally more stable than complexes formed by unmodified homopurine DNA molecules of the same sequence. The triplexes formed by phosphorothioate DNA dodecamers containing 4-6 dG residues are thermally stable at pH 7.4, although their stability increases significantly at pH 5.3. FTIR measurements suggest participation of the C2-carbonyl group of the pyrimidines in the stabilization of the triplex structure. Formation of triple-helix complexes with exogenously delivered PS-oligos may become useful for the reduction of RNA accessibility in vivo and, hence, selective suppression/inhibition of the translation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Guga
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
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26
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Abstract
The RNA phosphodiester bond cleavage activity of a series of 16 thio-deoxyribozymes 10-23, containing a P-stereorandom single phosphorothioate linkage in predetermined positions of the catalytic core from P1 to P16, was evaluated under single-turnover conditions in the presence of either 3 mM Mg(2+) or 3 mM Mn(2+). A metal-specificity switch approach permitted the identification of nonbridging phosphate oxygens (proR(P) or proS(P)) located at seven positions of the core (P2, P4 and P9-13) involved in direct coordination with a divalent metal ion(s). By contrast, phosphorothioates at positions P3, P6, P7 and P14-16 displayed no functional relevance in the deoxyribozyme-mediated catalysis. Interestingly, phosphorothioate modifications at positions P1 or P8 enhanced the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Among the tested deoxyribozymes, thio-substitution at position P5 had the largest deleterious effect on the catalytic rate in the presence of Mg(2+), and this was reversed in the presence of Mn(2+). Further experiments with thio-deoxyribozymes of stereodefined P-chirality suggested direct involvement of both oxygens of the P5 phosphate and the proR(P) oxygen at P9 in the metal ion coordination. In addition, it was found that the oxygen atom at C6 of G(6) contributes to metal ion binding and that this interaction is essential for 10-23 deoxyribozyme catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nawrot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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27
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Krakowiak A, Kaczmarek R, Baraniak J, Wieczorek M, Stec WJ. Stereochemistry of rHint1 hydrolase assisted cleavage of P–N bond in nucleoside 5′-O-phosphoramidothioates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2163-5. [PMID: 17520123 DOI: 10.1039/b615160d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Hint-1 hydrolase assisted cleavage of the P-N bond in adenosine-5'-O-[N-(tryptophanylamide)]phosphoramidothioate proceeds with retention of configuration at the phosphorus atom which is consistent with the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krakowiak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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Karwowski B, Guga P, Kobylariska A, Stec WJ. Nucleoside 3′-O-(2-Oxo-“Spiro”-4.4-Pentamethylene-1.3.2-Oxathiaphospholane)S: Monomers For Stereocontrolled Synthesis Of Oligo(Nucleoside Phosphorothioate/Phosphate)S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319808004710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boleslaw Karwowski
- a Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 , Lódź , Poland
| | - Piotr Guga
- a Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 , Lódź , Poland
| | - Anna Kobylariska
- a Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 , Lódź , Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- a Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 , Lódź , Poland
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Kobyláska A, Okruszek A, Stec WJ. Application of Oxathiaphospholane Method for the Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotide 5′-O-Conjugates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319808004736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kobyláska
- a Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, 90–363 LóAdz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Okruszek
- a Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, 90–363 LóAdz, Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- a Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Sienkiewicza 112, 90–363 LóAdz, Poland
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30
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Guga P, Maciaszek A, Stec WJ. Oxathiaphospholane approach to the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing stereodefined internucleotide phosphoroselenoate function. Org Lett 2006; 7:3901-4. [PMID: 16119927 DOI: 10.1021/ol051302e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5'-O-DMT-deoxyribonucleoside-3'-O-(2-selena-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane) monomers, derivatives of dA, dC, dG, and T, can be resolved into pure P-diastereomers by silica gel column chromatography. They have been used for DBU-promoted, either solution- or solid-phase synthesis of P-stereodefined phosphoroselenoate analogues of oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Fast- and slow-eluting monomers are precursors of phosphoroselenoate internucleotide linkage of R(P) and S(P) absolute configuration, respectively. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Guga
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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31
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Nawrot B, Sobczak M, Wójcik M, Janicka M, Nowak M, Cypryk M, Stec WJ. A novel class of DNA analogs bearing 5'-C-phosphonothymidine units: synthesis and physicochemical and biochemical properties. Oligonucleotides 2006; 16:68-82. [PMID: 16584296 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2006.16.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
S(C) and R(C) diastereomers of 5'-C-(O,O-diethyl)-phosphonylthymidine ((R)T and (S)T) were used for the synthesis of the dimers T(R)T and T(S)T, respectively. These dimers were incorporated at selected sites in oligonucleotide constructs. Melting temperature (Tm) experiments demonstrated that relative to the unmodified oligodeoxyribonucleotide, the presence of the (R)T moiety reduced the thermal stability of the duplexes by approximately 5.0 degrees C per modification, whereas their (S)T counterparts only slightly destabilized the duplex structure (deltaTm < or = 1 degree C/modification). The stability of the triple-helical complexes containing one, two, or three modified thymidines is slightly higher than that of the parent complex. Nuclease resistance studies performed with snake venom phosphodiesterase, calf spleen phosphodiesterase, and 3'-exonuclease from human plasma showed that cleavage of the oligonucleotides at the site of the modification was completely suppressed regardless of the stereochemistry of the 5'-C-chiral center. The influence of the (R)T and (S)T modification in the recognition sequence of HindIII, EcoRI, and HpaI restriction endonucleases was also investigated. Although the catalytic activity of HindIII was not affected by the presence of the 5'-C-ethoxyphosphonyl modification, the activities of the two remaining restriction enzymes were partially suppressed depending on the site of modification or the stereochemistry of the modification or both ((R)T vs. (S)T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nawrot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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Abstract
[reaction: see text]. Nucleoside 5'-O-(alpha-thiotriphosphates) were obtained in reactions of the appropriate nucleoside 5'-O-(2-thio-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholanes) with pyrophosphate in the presence of DBU. The presented method allows also for preparation of alpha-seleno congeners and corresponding alpha-modified diphosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Misiura
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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Guga P, Boczkowska M, Janicka M, Maciaszek A, Nawrot B, Antoszczyk S, Stec WJ. Enhanced P-stereodependent stability of complexes formed by phosphorothioate oligonucleotides due to involvement of sulfur as strong hydrogen bond acceptor. PURE APPL CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200678050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antisense or antigene properties are exerted not only by natural oligonucleotides, but also by their different analogs. Among them, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PS-DNA), in which the sugar-phosphate backbone is modified due to substitution of the sulfur atom for one of the nonbridging oxygens, are much more resistant toward nucleases and, simultaneously, maintain good hybridization properties. However, the substitution induces the P-chirality of dinucleoside phosphorothioate moiety and even short PS-DNA synthesized using standard chemical methods exist as a mixture of hundreds or thousands of diastereoisomers. Diastereomerically pure oligomers of [PS]-d(CG)4 and [PS]-d(GC)4 series, obtained using the oxathiaphospholane method, were investigated with respect to their ability to adopt the left-handed conformation at high sodium chloride concentration. Obtained data allow us to postulate the formation of a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond with anionic sulfur atom as an acceptor. Homopurine [All-RP-PS]-oligos, but not [All-SP-PS]-oligos, form with the RNA templates extremely stable triplex structures, so far not described in the literature. Most likely, the triplexes are stabilized by hydrogen bonds or water bridges with the participation of sulfur atoms of internucleotide linkage. Notably, target RNA molecules are "arrested" by properly designed [All-RP-PS]-DNA probes at submicromolar concentration, and as the result, they are not recognized by reverse transcriptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Guga
- 1Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Boczkowska
- 1Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Janicka
- 1Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland
| | - Anna Maciaszek
- 1Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland
| | - Barbara Nawrot
- 1Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland
| | - Sławomir Antoszczyk
- 1Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- 1Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland
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34
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Nawrot B, Rębowska B, Cieślińska K, Stec WJ. New approach to the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides modified with phosphorothioates of predetermined sense of P-chirality. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Abstract
The reversible nucleophilic substitution reaction catalyzed by the vaccinia virus type IB topoisomerase has been investigated by measuring the equilibrium and rate effects of stereospecific sulfur substitution at the two nonbridging oxygen atoms of the attacked phosphodiester group. An energetic analysis of the combined effects of sulfur substitution and site-directed mutagenesis of active site residues of the enzyme has identified enzyme interactions with each oxygen in the ground state and transition state. We use these findings in combination with previous structural and 5'-bridging sulfur substitution results to deduce the web of enzymatic interactions with the nonbridging oxygens as well as the 5'-hydroxyl leaving group. A key finding is the central role of Arg130, which forms electrostatic interactions with both nonbridging oxygens and the 5'-leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Nagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, USA
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36
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Clark JL, Hollecker L, Mason JC, Stuyver LJ, Tharnish PM, Lostia S, McBrayer TR, Schinazi RF, Watanabe KA, Otto MJ, Furman PA, Stec WJ, Patterson SE, Pankiewicz KW. Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity of 2‘-Deoxy-2‘-fluoro-2‘-C-methylcytidine, a Potent Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus Replication. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5504-8. [PMID: 16107149 DOI: 10.1021/jm0502788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pyrimidine nucleoside beta-d-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine (1) was designed as a hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (HCV RdRp) inhibitor. The title compound was obtained by a DAST fluorination of N(4)-benzoyl-1-(2-methyl-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl]cytosine to provide N(4)-benzoyl-1-[2-fluoro-2-methyl-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl]cytosine. The protected 2'-C-methylcytidine was obtained as a byproduct from the DAST fluorination and allowed for the preparation of two biologically active compounds from a common precursor. Compound 1 and 2'-C-methylcytidine were assayed in a subgenomic HCV replicon assay system and found to be potent and selective inhibitors of HCV replication. Compound 1 shows increased inhibitory activity in the HCV replicon assay compared to 2'-C-methylcytidine and low cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Clark
- Pharmasset, Inc., 303-A College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
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37
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Wozniak LA, Góra M, Bukowiecka-Matusiak M, Mourgues S, Pratviel G, Meunier B, Stec WJ. The P-Stereocontrolled Synthesis of PO/PS-Chimeric Oligonucleotides by Incorporation of Dinucleoside Phosphorothioates Bearing anO-4-Nitrophenyl Phosphorothioate Protecting Group. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Kurpiewski MR, Engler LE, Wozniak LA, Kobylanska A, Koziolkiewicz M, Stec WJ, Jen-Jacobson L. Mechanisms of coupling between DNA recognition specificity and catalysis in EcoRI endonuclease. Structure 2005; 12:1775-88. [PMID: 15458627 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2004.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2004] [Revised: 07/25/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that bind to specific sites on DNA often do so in order to carry out catalysis or specific protein-protein interaction while bound to the recognition site. Functional specificity is enhanced if this second function is coupled to correct DNA site recognition. To analyze the structural and energetic basis of coupling between recognition and catalysis in EcoRI endonuclease, we have studied stereospecific phosphorothioate (PS) or methylphosphonate (PMe) substitutions at the scissile phosphate GpAATTC or at the adjacent phosphate GApATTC in combination with molecular-dynamics simulations of the catalytic center with bound Mg2+. The results show the roles in catalysis of individual phosphoryl oxygens and of DNA distortion and suggest that a "crosstalk ring" in the complex couples recognition to catalysis and couples the two catalytic sites to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kurpiewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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39
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Tonelli M, Ulyanov NB, Billeci TM, Karwowski B, Guga P, Stec WJ, James TL. Dynamic NMR structures of [Rp]- and [Sp]-phosphorothioated DNA-RNA hybrids: is flexibility required for RNase H recognition? Biophys J 2004; 85:2525-38. [PMID: 14507715 PMCID: PMC1303476 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically modified DNA oligonucleotides have been crucial to the development of antisense therapeutics. High-resolution structural studies of pharmaceutically relevant derivatives have been limited to only a few molecules. We have used NMR to elucidate the structure in solution of two DNA-RNA hybrids with the sequence d(CCTATAATCC).r(GGAUUAUAGG). The two hybrids contain an unmodified RNA target strand, whereas the DNA strand contains one of two different stereoregular sugar-phosphate backbone linkages at each nucleotide: 1), [Rp]-phosphorothioate or 2), [Sp]-phosphorothioate. Homonuclear two-dimensional spectroscopy afforded nearly complete nonlabile proton assignments. Distance bounds, calculated from the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) crosspeak intensities via a complete relaxation matrix approach with the program MARDIGRAS, were used to restrain the structure of the two hybrids during simulations of molecular dynamics. Analysis of restrained molecular dynamics trajectories suggests that both hybrids are flexible, requiring the use of molecular dynamics with time-averaged restraints (MDtar) to generate ensembles of structures capable of satisfying the NMR data. In particular, the deoxyribose sugars of the DNA strand show strong evidence of repuckering. Furthermore, deoxyribose sugar repuckering is accompanied by increased flexibility of overall helical geometry. These observations, together with the analysis of the crystal structure of a hybrid duplex in complex with ribonuclease H (RNase H), suggested that this flexibility may be required for recognition by RNase H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tonelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-2280 USA
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40
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Misiura K, Szymanowicz D, Olesiak M, Stec WJ. DBU-assisted 1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane ring-opening condensation with selected O-, S-, N- and C-nucleophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Baraniak J, Kaczmarek R, Wasilewska E, Korczyński D, Stec WJ. New approach to preparation of N-acylphosphoramido(thio)(seleno)ates. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Krakowiak A, Pace HC, Blackburn GM, Adams M, Mekhalfia A, Kaczmarek R, Baraniak J, Stec WJ, Brenner C. Biochemical, crystallographic, and mutagenic characterization of hint, the AMP-lysine hydrolase, with novel substrates and inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:18711-6. [PMID: 14982931 PMCID: PMC2556070 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m314271200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hint, histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein, is a universally conserved enzyme that hydrolyzes AMP linked to lysine and, in yeast, functions as a positive regulator of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain kinase, Kin28. To explore the biochemical and structural bases for the adenosine phosphoramidate hydrolase activity of rabbit Hint, we synthesized novel substrates linking a p-nitroaniline group to adenylate (AMP-pNA) and inhibitors that consist of an adenosine group and 5'-sulfamoyl (AdoOSO(2)NH(2)) or N-ethylsulfamoyl (AdoOSO(2)NHCH(2)CH(3)) group. AMP-pNA is a suitable substrate for Hint that allowed characterization of the inhibitors; titration of each inhibitor into AMP-pNA assays revealed their K(i) values. The N-ethylsulfamoyl derivative has a 13-fold binding advantage over the sulfamoyl adenosine. The 1.8-A cocrystal structure of rabbit Hint with N-ethylsulfamoyl adenosine revealed a binding site for the ethyl group against Trp-123, a residue that reaches across the Hint dimer interface to interact with the alkyl portion of the inhibitor and, presumably, the alkyl portion of a lysyl substrate. Ser-107 is positioned to donate a hydrogen bond to the leaving group nitrogen. Consistent with a role in acid-base catalysis, the Hint S107A mutant protein displayed depressed catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krakowiak
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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43
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Allyl, isopentenyl, geranyl, citronellyl, farnesyl, and phytyl alcohols were transformed in good yield (>60%) into their phosphorothioates via a DBU-assisted 1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane ring-opening condensation with 2-(2-cyanoethoxy)-2-thiono-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane, a reagent that is stable and easy to handle, followed by subsequent removal of the 2-cyanoethyl group from the intermediate phosphorothioate diester under basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zmudzka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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Nawrot B, Michalak O, Janicka M, Maszewska M, Wojcik M, Nowak G, Mikolajczyk B, Stec WJ. Novel nucleic acid analogs with a chimeric phosphinate/phosphate backbone; synthesis and biophysical properties. ARKIVOC 2004. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0005.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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45
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Stec WJ, Misiura K. Oxathiaphospholane Approach to the Synthesis of Nucleoside Methanephosphonothioates. Synlett 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-831325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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46
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Owczarek A, Kaczmarek R, Mikołajczyk B, Wasilewska E, Korczyński D, Baraniak J, Koziołkiewicz M, Stec WJ, Brenner C. Stereochemical analysis of diastereomeric 1,3-bis(adenosine-5'-O-phosphorothioyl)glycerols. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:797-9. [PMID: 14565281 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Owczarek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Lódź, Poland
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Stec
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz
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48
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Nawrot B, Antoszczyk S, Maszewska M, Kuwabara T, Warashina M, Taira K, Stec WJ. Efficient inhibition of β-secretase gene expression in HEK293 cells by tRNAVal-driven and CTE-helicase associated hammerhead ribozymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 270:3962-70. [PMID: 14511378 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) is a major component of toxic amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Abeta is liberated by sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretases. The level of Abeta depends directly on the hydrolytic activity of beta-secretase. Therefore, beta-secretase is an excellent target for drug design. An approach based on RNA-cleaving ribozymes was developed to control expression of beta-secretase. Two sites of mRNA coding beta-site APP cleaving enzyme were chosen as target sequences for endogenously delivered ribozymes. The ribozyme cassette was designed to constitute a catalytic hammerhead core and substrate recognition arms, flanked at the 5'-terminus by tRNAVal and at the 3'-terminus by constitutive transport element sequences. Ribozyme cassettes were cloned into a pUC19 plasmid and used for transient transfection of HEK293 cells. We demonstrate that such ribozymes efficiently inhibit beta-secretase gene expression at both the mRNA (up to 95%) and the protein (up to 90%) levels. Inhibition of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme activity directly influences the intra- and extracellular population of Abeta peptide. Therefore, such ribozymes may be considered as molecular tools for silencing the beta-secretase activity, and further, as therapeutic agents for anti-amyloid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nawrot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Lodz, Poland.
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49
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Nawrot B, Antoszczyk S, Maszewska M, Rebowski G, Kuwabara T, Warashina M, Taira K, Stec WJ. Modulation of beta-secretase gene expression by action of catalytic nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res Suppl 2003:105-6. [PMID: 12903127 DOI: 10.1093/nass/2.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Two sites of the initial translation sequence of beta-secretase (BACE) mRNA were chosen as targets for endogenously delivered hammerhead ribozymes. Ribozyme cassettes coding a catalytic core, flanked by the 5'-tRNA(Val) and the 3'-CTE (constitutive transport element) sequences, were cloned into a pUC119 plasmid and used for transfection of transformed primary human embryonal kidney (HEK293) cells. The ribozymes express in the test cells and inhibit beta-secretase gene biosynthesis on the level of mRNA (up to 95%) and on the level of protein (up to 90%) and thus may be considered as therapeutic inhibitors of beta-secretase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nawrot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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Guranowski A, Starzyńska E, McLennan AG, Baraniak J, Stec WJ. Adenosine-5'-O-phosphorylated and adenosine-5'-O-phosphorothioylated polyols as strong inhibitors of (symmetrical) and (asymmetrical) dinucleoside tetraphosphatases. Biochem J 2003; 373:635-40. [PMID: 12697025 PMCID: PMC1223503 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2003] [Revised: 04/15/2003] [Accepted: 04/16/2003] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dinucleoside 5',5"'- P (1), P ( n )-polyphosphates, and particularly the diadenosine compounds, have been implicated in extracellular purinergic signalling and in various intracellular processes, including DNA metabolism, tumour suppression and stress responses. If permitted to accumulate, they may also be toxic. One approach to understanding their function is through the various specific degradative enzymes that regulate their levels. Eight adenosine-5'- O -phosphorylated polyols (derivatives of glycerol, erythritol and pentaerythritol) and 11 adenosine-5'- O -phosphorothioylated polyols (derivatives of glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, butanediol and pentanediol) have been tested as inhibitors of specific diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A) hydrolases. Of these two groups of novel nucleotides, the adenosine-5'- O -phosphorothioylated polyols were generally stronger inhibitors than their adenosine-5'- O -phosphorylated counterparts. 1,4-Di(adenosine-5'- O -phosphorothio) erythritol appeared to be the strongest inhibitor of ( asymmetrical ) Ap(4)A hydrolases (EC 3.6.1.17) from both lupin and human, with K (i) values of 0.15 microM and 1.5 microM respectively. Of eight adenosine-5'- O -phosphorylated polyols, 1,4-di(adenosine-5'- O -phospho) erythritol was the only compound that inhibited the lupin enzyme. Two derivatives of pentaerythritol, di(adenosine-5'- O -phosphorothio)-di(phosphorothio) pentaerythritol and tri(adenosine-5'- O -phosphorothio)-phosphorothio-pentaerythritol, proved to be the strongest inhibitors of the prokaryotic ( symmetrical ) Ap(4)A hydrolase (EC 3.6.1.41) so far reported. The estimated K (i) values were 0.04 microM and 0.08 microM respectively. All of these inhibitors were competitive with respect to Ap(4)A. These new selectively acting Ap(4)A analogues should prove to be valuable tools for further studies of Ap(4)A function and of the enzymes involved in its metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Guranowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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