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Alonso-Matilla R, Lam AR, Miettinen TP. Cell-intrinsic mechanical regulation of plasma membrane accumulation at the cytokinetic furrow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320769121. [PMID: 38990949 PMCID: PMC11260091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320769121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the process where the mother cell's cytoplasm separates into daughter cells. This is driven by an actomyosin contractile ring that produces cortical contractility and drives cleavage furrow ingression, resulting in the formation of a thin intercellular bridge. While cytoskeletal reorganization during cytokinesis has been extensively studied, less is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of the plasma membrane. Here, we image and model plasma membrane lipid and protein dynamics on the cell surface during leukemia cell cytokinesis. We reveal an extensive accumulation and folding of the plasma membrane at the cleavage furrow and the intercellular bridge, accompanied by a depletion and unfolding of the plasma membrane at the cell poles. These membrane dynamics are caused by two actomyosin-driven biophysical mechanisms: the radial constriction of the cleavage furrow causes local compression of the apparent cell surface area and accumulation of the plasma membrane at the furrow, while actomyosin cortical flows drag the plasma membrane toward the cell division plane as the furrow ingresses. The magnitude of these effects depends on the plasma membrane fluidity, cortex adhesion, and cortical contractility. Overall, our work reveals cell-intrinsic mechanical regulation of plasma membrane accumulation at the cleavage furrow that is likely to generate localized differences in membrane tension across the cytokinetic cell. This may locally alter endocytosis, exocytosis, and mechanotransduction, while also serving as a self-protecting mechanism against cytokinesis failures that arise from high membrane tension at the intercellular bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice R. Lam
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Teemu P. Miettinen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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2
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AGO2 localizes to cytokinetic protrusions in a p38-dependent manner and is needed for accurate cell division. Commun Biol 2021; 4:726. [PMID: 34117353 PMCID: PMC8196063 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Argonaute 2 (AGO2) is an indispensable component of the RNA-induced silencing complex, operating at the translational or posttranscriptional level. It is compartmentalized into structures such as GW- and P-bodies, stress granules and adherens junctions as well as the midbody. Here we show using immunofluorescence, image and bioinformatic analysis and cytogenetics that AGO2 also resides in membrane protrusions such as open- and close-ended tubes. The latter are cytokinetic bridges where AGO2 colocalizes at the midbody arms with cytoskeletal components such as α-Τubulin and Aurora B, and various kinases. AGO2, phosphorylated on serine 387, is located together with Dicer at the midbody ring in a manner dependent on p38 MAPK activity. We further show that AGO2 is stress sensitive and important to ensure the proper chromosome segregation and cytokinetic fidelity. We suggest that AGO2 is part of a regulatory mechanism triggered by cytokinetic stress to generate the appropriate micro-environment for local transcript homeostasis. Pantazopoulou et al. find that AGO2 resides in open-ended tunneling nanotubes and close-ended cytokinetic bridges. At the latter location, AGO2 colocalizes with cell division components and the authors show that AGO2 depletion impairs cell division fidelity.
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3
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Tao H, Lambert JP, Yung TM, Zhu M, Hahn NA, Li D, Lau K, Sturgeon K, Puviindran V, Zhang X, Gong W, Chen XX, Anderson G, Garry DJ, Henkelman RM, Sun Y, Iulianella A, Kawakami Y, Gingras AC, Hui CC, Hopyan S. IRX3/5 regulate mitotic chromatid segregation and limb bud shape. Development 2020; 147:dev.180042. [PMID: 32907847 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pattern formation is influenced by transcriptional regulation as well as by morphogenetic mechanisms that shape organ primordia, although factors that link these processes remain under-appreciated. Here we show that, apart from their established transcriptional roles in pattern formation, IRX3/5 help to shape the limb bud primordium by promoting the separation and intercalation of dividing mesodermal cells. Surprisingly, IRX3/5 are required for appropriate cell cycle progression and chromatid segregation during mitosis, possibly in a nontranscriptional manner. IRX3/5 associate with, promote the abundance of, and share overlapping functions with co-regulators of cell division such as the cohesin subunits SMC1, SMC3, NIPBL and CUX1. The findings imply that IRX3/5 coordinate early limb bud morphogenesis with skeletal pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Tao
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Theodora M Yung
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Noah A Hahn
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Danyi Li
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kimberly Lau
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kendra Sturgeon
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Vijitha Puviindran
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Wuming Gong
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gregory Anderson
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - R Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Angelo Iulianella
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
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4
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Schiele MA, Bandelow B, Baldwin DS, Pini S, Domschke K. A neurobiological framework of separation anxiety and related phenotypes. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 33:45-57. [PMID: 32046934 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the DSM-5, separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is newly classified in the chapter on anxiety, renewing research efforts into its etiology. In this narrative review, we summarize the current literature on the genetic, endocrine, physiological, neural and neuropsychological underpinnings of SAD per se, SAD in the context of panic disorder, separation anxiety symptoms, and related intermediate phenotypes. SAD aggregates in families and has a heritability of ~43%. Variants in the oxytocin receptor, serotonin transporter, opioid receptor µ1, dopamine D4 receptor and translocator protein genes have all been associated with SAD. Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, dysfunctional cortico-limbic interaction and biased cognitive processing seem to constitute further neurobiological markers of separation anxiety. Hypersensitivity to carbon dioxide appears to be an endophenotype shared by SAD, panic disorder and anxiety sensitivity. The identification of biological risk markers and its multi-level integration hold great promise regarding the prediction of SAD risk, maintenance and course, and in the future may allow for the selection of indicated preventive and innovative, personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Borwin Bandelow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefano Pini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
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5
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Zhao J, Wang Q. Modeling cytokinesis of eukaryotic cells driven by the actomyosin contractile ring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 32. [PMID: 26891069 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model for cytokinesis of eukaryotic cells is developed, in which we model dynamics of actomyosins in the cell cortex, in particular, along the cytokinetic ring formed in the cortex and in the neighborhood of the cell's division plane explicitly. Specifically, the active force actuated by the actomyosin's activity along the cytokinetic ring is modeled by a surface force whose strength is proportional to the actomyosin concentration while the cell morphology is tracked by a phase field model. The model is then solved in 3D space and time using a finite difference method on graphic processing units. Dynamical morphological patterns of eukaryotic cells during cytokinesis are numerically simulated with the model. These simulated morphological patterns agree quantitatively with experimental observations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29028, SC, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute and NanoCenter at USC, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29028; School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China 300071; Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, China 100193
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6
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Mohan K, Luo T, Robinson DN, Iglesias PA. Cell shape regulation through mechanosensory feedback control. J R Soc Interface 2016. [PMID: 26224568 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells undergo controlled changes in morphology in response to intracellular and extracellular signals. These changes require a means for sensing and interpreting the signalling cues, for generating the forces that act on the cell's physical material, and a control system to regulate this process. Experiments on Dictyostelium amoebae have shown that force-generating proteins can localize in response to external mechanical perturbations. This mechanosensing, and the ensuing mechanical feedback, plays an important role in minimizing the effect of mechanical disturbances in the course of changes in cell shape, especially during cell division, and likely in other contexts, such as during three-dimensional migration. Owing to the complexity of the feedback system, which couples mechanical and biochemical signals involved in shape regulation, theoretical approaches can guide further investigation by providing insights that are difficult to decipher experimentally. Here, we present a computational model that explains the different mechanosensory and mechanoresponsive behaviours observed in Dictyostelium cells. The model features a multiscale description of myosin II bipolar thick filament assembly that includes cooperative and force-dependent myosin-actin binding, and identifies the feedback mechanisms hidden in the observed mechanoresponsive behaviours of Dictyostelium cells during micropipette aspiration experiments. These feedbacks provide a mechanistic explanation of cellular retraction and hence cell shape regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Mohan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tianzhi Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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7
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Teixeira V, Costa V. Unraveling the role of the Target of Rapamycin signaling in sphingolipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 61:109-33. [PMID: 26703187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important bioactive molecules that regulate basic aspects of cellular metabolism and physiology, including cell growth, adhesion, migration, senescence, apoptosis, endocytosis, and autophagy in yeast and higher eukaryotes. Since they have the ability to modulate the activation of several proteins and signaling pathways, variations in the relative levels of different sphingolipid species result in important changes in overall cellular functions and fate. Sphingolipid metabolism and their route of synthesis are highly conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. Studies using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have served in many ways to foster our understanding of sphingolipid dynamics and their role in the regulation of cellular processes. In the past decade, studies in S. cerevisiae have unraveled a functional association between the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway and sphingolipids, showing that both TOR Complex 1 (TORC1) and TOR Complex 2 (TORC2) branches control temporal and spatial aspects of sphingolipid metabolism in response to physiological and environmental cues. In this review, we report recent findings in this emerging and exciting link between the TOR pathway and sphingolipids and implications in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Teixeira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Modeling large-scale dynamic processes in the cell: polarization, waves, and division. Q Rev Biophys 2015; 47:221-48. [PMID: 25124728 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583514000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed significant developments in molecular biology techniques, fluorescent labeling, and super-resolution microscopy, and together these advances have vastly increased our quantitative understanding of the cell. This detailed knowledge has concomitantly opened the door for biophysical modeling on a cellular scale. There have been comprehensive models produced describing many processes such as motility, transport, gene regulation, and chemotaxis. However, in this review we focus on a specific set of phenomena, namely cell polarization, F-actin waves, and cytokinesis. In each case, we compare and contrast various published models, highlight the relevant aspects of the biology, and provide a sense of the direction in which the field is moving.
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9
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Zangle TA, Teitell MA, Reed J. Live cell interferometry quantifies dynamics of biomass partitioning during cytokinesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115726. [PMID: 25531652 PMCID: PMC4274116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The equal partitioning of cell mass between daughters is the usual and expected outcome of cytokinesis for self-renewing cells. However, most studies of partitioning during cell division have focused on daughter cell shape symmetry or segregation of chromosomes. Here, we use live cell interferometry (LCI) to quantify the partitioning of daughter cell mass during and following cytokinesis. We use adherent and non-adherent mouse fibroblast and mouse and human lymphocyte cell lines as models and show that, on average, mass asymmetries present at the time of cleavage furrow formation persist through cytokinesis. The addition of multiple cytoskeleton-disrupting agents leads to increased asymmetry in mass partitioning which suggests the absence of active mass partitioning mechanisms after cleavage furrow positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Zangle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TAZ); (JR)
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Reed
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TAZ); (JR)
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Mendes Pinto I, Rubinstein B, Li R. Force to divide: structural and mechanical requirements for actomyosin ring contraction. Biophys J 2014; 105:547-54. [PMID: 23931302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the unresolved questions in the field of cell division is how the actomyosin cytoskeleton remains structurally organized while generating the contractile force to divide one cell into two. In analogy to the actomyosin-based force production mechanism in striated muscle, it was originally proposed that contractile stress in the actomyosin ring is generated via a sliding filament mechanism within an organized sarcomere-like array. However, over the last 30 years, ultrastructural and functional studies have noted important distinctions between cytokinetic structures in dividing cells and muscle sarcomeres. Myosin-II motor activity is not always required, and there is evidence that actin depolymerization contributes to contraction. In this Review, the architecture and contractile dynamics of the actomyosin ring at the cell division plane will be discussed. We will report the interdisciplinary advances in the field as well as their integration into a mechanistic understanding of contraction in cell division and in other biological processes that rely on an actomyosin-based force-generating system.
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11
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Satoh SK, Tsuchi A, Satoh R, Miyoshi H, Hamaguchi MS, Hamaguchi Y. The tension at the top of the animal pole decreases during meiotic cell division. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79389. [PMID: 24260212 PMCID: PMC3832532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic maturation is essential for the reproduction procedure of many animals. During this process an oocyte produces a large egg cell and tiny polar bodies by highly asymmetric division. In this study, to fully understand the sophisticated spatiotemporal regulation of accurate oocyte meiotic division, we focused on the global and local changes in the tension at the surface of the starfish (Asterina pectinifera) oocyte in relation to the surface actin remodeling. Before the onset of the bulge formation, the tension at the animal pole globally decreased, and started to increase after the onset of the bulge formation. Locally, at the onset of the bulge formation, tension at the top of the animal pole began to decrease, whereas that at the base of the bulge remarkably increased. As the bulge grew, the tension at the base of the bulge additionally increased. Such a change in the tension at the surface was similar to the changing pattern of actin distribution. Therefore, meiotic cell division was initiated by the bulging of the cortex, which had been weakened by actin reduction, and was followed by contraction at the base of the bulge, which had been reinforced by actin accumulation. The force generation system is assumed to allow the meiotic apparatus to move just under the membrane in the small polar body. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of the tension at the surface and the cortical actin distribution indicated another sophisticated feature, namely that the contraction at the base of the bulge was more vigorous than was presumed based on the actin distribution. These features of the force generation system will ensure the precise chromosome segregation necessary to produce a normal ovum with high accuracy in the meiotic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko K. Satoh
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Tsuchi
- Faculty of Economics and management, Surugadai University, Hanno, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryohei Satoh
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miyoshi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Ultrahigh Precision Optics Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miyako S. Hamaguchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Hamaguchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
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Takeda T, Robinson IM, Savoian MM, Griffiths JR, Whetton AD, McMahon HT, Glover DM. Drosophila F-BAR protein Syndapin contributes to coupling the plasma membrane and contractile ring in cytokinesis. Open Biol 2013; 3:130081. [PMID: 23926047 PMCID: PMC3758542 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.130081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is a highly ordered cellular process driven by interactions between central spindle microtubules and the actomyosin contractile ring linked to the dynamic remodelling of the plasma membrane. The mechanisms responsible for reorganizing the plasma membrane at the cell equator and its coupling to the contractile ring in cytokinesis are poorly understood. We report here that Syndapin, a protein containing an F-BAR domain required for membrane curvature, contributes to the remodelling of the plasma membrane around the contractile ring for cytokinesis. Syndapin colocalizes with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) at the cleavage furrow, where it directly interacts with a contractile ring component, Anillin. Accordingly, Anillin is mislocalized during cytokinesis in Syndapin mutants. Elevated or diminished expression of Syndapin leads to cytokinesis defects with abnormal cortical dynamics. The minimal segment of Syndapin, which is able to localize to the cleavage furrow and induce cytokinesis defects, is the F-BAR domain and its immediate C-terminal sequences. Phosphorylation of this region prevents this functional interaction, resulting in reduced ability of Syndapin to bind to and deform membranes. Thus, the dephosphorylated form of Syndapin mediates both remodelling of the plasma membrane and its proper coupling to the cytokinetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Takeda
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
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13
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Abstract
Historically, much of biology was studied by physicists and mathematicians. With the advent of modern molecular biology, a wave of researchers became trained in a new scientific discipline filled with the language of genes, mutants, and the central dogma. These new molecular approaches have provided volumes of information on biomolecules and molecular pathways from the cellular to the organismal level. The challenge now is to determine how this seemingly endless list of components works together to promote the healthy function of complex living systems. This effort requires an interdisciplinary approach by investigators from both the biological and the physical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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