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Yaqoob MD, Xu L, Li C, Leong MML, Xu DD. Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102830. [PMID: 35341979 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains a health-related concern globally from the ancient times till to date. The application of light to be used as therapeutic potential/agent has been used for several thousands of years. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern, non-invasive therapeutic modality for the treatment of various infections by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mitochondria are subcellular, double-membrane organelles that have the role in cancer and anticancer therapy. Mitochondria play a key role in regulation of apoptosis and these organelles produce most of the cell's energy which enhance its targeting objective. The role of mitochondria in anticancer approach is achieved by targeting its metabolism (glycolysis and TCA cycle) and apoptotic and ROS homeostasis. The role of mitochondria-targeted cancer therapies in photodynamic therapy have proven to be more effective than other similar non-targeting techniques. Particularly in PDT, mitochondria-targeting sensitizers are important as they have a crucial role in overcoming the hypoxia factor, resulting in high efficacy. IR-730 and IR-Pyr are the indocyine derivatives photosensitizers that play a crucial role in targeting mitochondria because of their better photostability during laser irradiation. Clinical and pre-clinical trials are going on this approach to target different solid tumors using mitochondrial targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Danish Yaqoob
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Dongying District, Dongying, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Merrin Man Long Leong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Dan Dan Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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Tan YQ, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhu T, Garg M, Lobie PE, Pandey V. Mitochondria: The metabolic switch of cellular oncogenic transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188534. [PMID: 33794332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well recognized as the "powerhouse" of cells, are maternally inherited organelles with bacterial ancestry that play essential roles in a myriad of cellular functions. It has become profoundly evident that mitochondria regulate a wide array of cellular and metabolic functions, including biosynthetic metabolism, cell signaling, redox homeostasis, and cell survival. Correspondingly, defects in normal mitochondrial functioning have been implicated in various human malignancies. Cancer development involves the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and impairment of apoptotic programs in cells. Mitochondria have been recognized as the site of key metabolic switches for normal cells to acquire a malignant phenotype. This review outlines the role of mitochondria in human malignancies and highlights potential aspects of mitochondrial metabolism that could be targeted for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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3
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Müller-Nedebock AC, Brennan RR, Venter M, Pienaar IS, van der Westhuizen FH, Elson JL, Ross OA, Bardien S. The unresolved role of mitochondrial DNA in Parkinson's disease: An overview of published studies, their limitations, and future prospects. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104495. [PMID: 31233840 PMCID: PMC6702091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has long been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in both sporadic and familial forms of the disease. Mitochondria are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and their dysfunction is detrimental to dopaminergic neurons. These neurons are highly dependent on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and degenerate in PD. Mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA). The role of mtDNA has been investigated in PD on the premise that it encodes vital components of the ATP-generating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and accumulates somatic variation with age. However, the association between mtDNA variation and PD remains controversial. Herein, we provide an overview of previously published studies on the role of inherited as well as somatic (acquired) mtDNA changes in PD including point mutations, deletions and depletion. We outline limitations of previous investigations and the difficulties associated with studying mtDNA, which have left its role unresolved in the context of PD. Lastly, we highlight the potential for further research in this field and provide suggestions for future studies. Overall, the mitochondrial genome is indispensable for proper cellular function and its contribution to PD requires further, more extensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amica C Müller-Nedebock
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | | | - Marianne Venter
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ilse S Pienaar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9PH, United Kingdom; Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joanna L Elson
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
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Badrinath N, Yoo SY. Mitochondria in cancer: in the aspects of tumorigenesis and targeted therapy. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1419-1430. [PMID: 30357389 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play pivotal roles in most eukaryotic cells, ranging from energy production to regulation of apoptosis. As sites of cellular respiration, mitochondria experience accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to damage in electron transport chain carriers. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as nuclear DNA are reported in various cancers. Mitochondria have a dual role in cancer: the development of tumors due to mutations in mitochondrial genome and the generation of ROS. Impairment in the mitochondria-regulated apoptosis pathway accelerates tumorigenesis. Numerous strategies targeting mitochondria have been developed to induce the mitochondrial (i.e. intrinsic) apoptosis pathway in cancer cells. This review elaborates the roles of mitochondria in cancer with respect to mutations and apoptosis and discusses mitochondria-targeting strategies as cancer therapies to enhance the killing of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Jiménez-Morales S, Pérez-Amado CJ, Langley E, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Overview of mitochondrial germline variants and mutations in human disease: Focus on breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:923-936. [PMID: 30015870 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High lactate production in cells during growth under oxygen-rich conditions (aerobic glycolysis) is a hallmark of tumor cells, indicating the role of mitochondrial function in tumorigenesis. In fact, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and impaired quality control are frequently observed in cancer cells. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 13 subunits of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), is present in thousands of copies per cell, and has a very high mutation rate. Mutations in mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes encoding proteins that are important players in mitochondrial biogenesis and function are involved in oncogenic processes. A wide range of germline mtDNA polymorphisms, as well as tumor mtDNA somatic mutations have been identified in diverse cancer types. Approximately 72% of supposed tumor-specific somatic mtDNA mutations reported, have also been found as polymorphisms in the general population. The ATPase 6 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit genes of mtDNA are the most commonly mutated genes in breast cancer (BC). Furthermore, nuclear genes playing a role in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1), fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) are frequently mutated in cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the mitochondrial germline variants and mutations in cancer, with particular focus on those found in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos J Pérez-Amado
- Biochemistry Sciences Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Langley
- Department of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
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Kenny TC, Germain D. mtDNA, Metastasis, and the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPR mt). Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:37. [PMID: 28470001 PMCID: PMC5395626 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While several studies have confirmed a link between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and cancer cell metastasis, much debate remains regarding the nature of the alternations in mtDNA leading to this effect. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) has gained much attention in recent years, with most studies of this pathway focusing on its role in aging. However, the UPRmt has also been studied in the context of cancer. More recent work suggests that rather than a single mutation or alternation, specific combinatorial mtDNA landscapes able to activate the UPRmt may be those that are selected by metastatic cells, while mtDNA landscapes unable to activate the UPRmt do not. This review aims at offering an overview of the confusing literature on mtDNA mutations and metastasis and the more recent work on the UPRmt in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Kenny
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer InstituteNew York, NY, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer InstituteNew York, NY, USA
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Selected mitochondrial DNA landscapes activate the SIRT3 axis of the UPR mt to promote metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:4393-4404. [PMID: 28368421 PMCID: PMC5542861 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
By causing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to perturbations in mitochondrial proteostasis. Several studies have linked mtDNA mutations to metastasis of cancer cells but the nature of the mtDNA species involved remains unclear. Our data suggests that no common mtDNA mutation identifies metastatic cells; rather the metastatic potential of several ROS-generating mutations is largely determined by their mtDNA genomic landscapes, which can act either as an enhancer or repressor of metastasis. However, mtDNA landscapes of all metastatic cells are characterized by activation of the SIRT/FOXO/SOD2 axis of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt promotes a complex transcription program ultimately increasing mitochondrial integrity and fitness in response to oxidative proteotoxic stress. Using SOD2 as a surrogate marker of the UPRmt, we found that in primary breast cancers, SOD2 is significantly increased in metastatic lesions. We propose that the ability of selected mtDNA species to activate the UPRmt is a process that is exploited by cancer cells to maintain mitochondrial fitness and facilitate metastasis.
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8
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An association of peripheral nerve sheath tumors and lipomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:185-190. [PMID: 27900489 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-3038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We noticed the coexistence of peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) with lipomas within a subgroup of our patients. Given the prevalence of lipomas in the general population, we sought to investigate the extent of coexistence of the two entities aiming at uncovering any plausible association between both. METHODS A retrospective review of all peripheral nerve sheath tumors (sporadic and syndromic forms) treated by a single surgeon between January 2009 and August 2015 was done. We recorded demographics (i.e., gender, age at diagnosis, imaging information, time to diagnosis) in addition to the method of diagnosis, subtype, number and location of lipomas, if present. RESULTS Over 6 years, 309 patients with PNST were operated/evaluated. These included 141 sporadic (schwannomas, neurofibromas) and 168 syndromic (neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2 and schwannomatosis). We found 32 patients [10.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.43%-14.3%] with coexistent lipomas, some of whom also had a family member with lipoma (n = 3). Of these 26 had schwannomas, 3 had neurofibromas and 3 lacked definitive PNST histopathological diagnosis. Fourteen percent of patients with schwannomas and 2.9% of patients with neurofibromas had coexisting lipomas. CONCLUSION We believe there is an increased association of peripheral nerve tumors and lipomas overall.
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9
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Prevalence of neoplasms in definite and probable mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrion 2016; 29:31-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Reilly KM. The Effects of Genetic Background of Mouse Models of Cancer: Friend or Foe? Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2016; 2016:pdb.top076273. [PMID: 26933251 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top076273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past century, mice have been selectively bred to give rise to the strains used in biomedical research today. Mouse models of cancer allow researchers to control variables of diet, environment, and genetic heterogeneity to better dissect the role of these factors in cancer in humans. Because of the important role of genetic background in cancer, the strain of the mouse can introduce confounding results in studies of mouse models if not properly controlled. Conversely, genetic variation between strains can also provide important new insights into cancer mechanisms. Here, the sources of genetic heterogeneity in mouse models are reviewed, with an explanation of how heterogeneity modifies cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlyne M Reilly
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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11
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Janda J, Nfonsam V, Calienes F, Sligh JE, Jandova J. Modulation of ROS levels in fibroblasts by altering mitochondria regulates the process of wound healing. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:239-48. [PMID: 26873374 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fibroblasts which are thought to be crucial regulators of wound healing with a potential to affect the expression of nuclear genes involved in this process. ROS generated by mitochondria are involved in all stages of tissue repair process but the regulation of ROS-generating system in fibroblasts still remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to better understand molecular mechanisms of how the regulation of ROS levels generated by mitochondria may influence the process of wound repair. Cybrid model system of mtDNA variations was used to study the functional consequences of altered ROS levels on wound healing responses in a uniform nuclear background of cultured ρ(0) fibroblasts. Mitochondrial ROS in cybrids were modulated by antioxidants that quench ROS to examine their ability to close the wound. Real-time PCR arrays were used to investigate whether ROS generated by specific mtDNA variants have the ability to alter expression of some key nuclear-encoded genes central to the wound healing response and oxidative stress. Our data suggest levels of mitochondrial ROS affect expression of some nuclear encoded genes central to wound healing response and oxidative stress and modulation of mitochondrial ROS by antioxidants positively affects in vitro process of wound closure. Thus, regulation of mitochondrial ROS-generating system in fibroblasts can be used as effective natural redox-based strategy to help treat non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Janda
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Valentine Nfonsam
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Fernanda Calienes
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - James E Sligh
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Arizona, 1515 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Jana Jandova
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Arizona, 1515 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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12
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Asselin JAE, Lin J, Perez-Quintero AL, Gentzel I, Majerczak D, Opiyo SO, Zhao W, Paek SM, Kim MG, Coplin DL, Blakeslee JJ, Mackey D. Perturbation of maize phenylpropanoid metabolism by an AvrE family type III effector from Pantoea stewartii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1117-35. [PMID: 25635112 PMCID: PMC4348765 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.253120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AvrE family type III effector proteins share the ability to suppress host defenses, induce disease-associated cell death, and promote bacterial growth. However, despite widespread contributions to numerous bacterial diseases in agriculturally important plants, the mode of action of these effectors remains largely unknown. WtsE is an AvrE family member required for the ability of Pantoea stewartii ssp. stewartii (Pnss) to proliferate efficiently and cause wilt and leaf blight symptoms in maize (Zea mays) plants. Notably, when WtsE is delivered by a heterologous system into the leaf cells of susceptible maize seedlings, it alone produces water-soaked disease symptoms reminiscent of those produced by Pnss. Thus, WtsE is a pathogenicity and virulence factor in maize, and an Escherichia coli heterologous delivery system can be used to study the activity of WtsE in isolation from other factors produced by Pnss. Transcriptional profiling of maize revealed the effects of WtsE, including induction of genes involved in secondary metabolism and suppression of genes involved in photosynthesis. Targeted metabolite quantification revealed that WtsE perturbs maize metabolism, including the induction of coumaroyl tyramine. The ability of mutant WtsE derivatives to elicit transcriptional and metabolic changes in susceptible maize seedlings correlated with their ability to promote disease. Furthermore, chemical inhibitors that block metabolic flux into the phenylpropanoid pathways targeted by WtsE also disrupted the pathogenicity and virulence activity of WtsE. While numerous metabolites produced downstream of the shikimate pathway are known to promote plant defense, our results indicate that misregulated induction of phenylpropanoid metabolism also can be used to promote pathogen virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Ann E Asselin
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - Jinshan Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - Alvaro L Perez-Quintero
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - Irene Gentzel
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - Doris Majerczak
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - Stephen O Opiyo
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - Wanying Zhao
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - Seung-Mann Paek
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - Min Gab Kim
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - David L Coplin
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - Joshua J Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
| | - David Mackey
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science (J.E.A., J.L., A.L.P.-Q., Do.M., W.Z., J.J.B., Da.M.), Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (J.L., S.O.O., J.J.B.), Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program (I.G.), Center for Applied Plant Sciences (I.G., Da.M.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.L.C.), and Department of Molecular Genetics (Da.M.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; andCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)
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Sligh J, Janda J, Jandova J. Mutations in BALB mitochondrial DNA induce CCL20 up-regulation promoting tumorigenic phenotypes. Mutat Res 2014; 769:49-58. [PMID: 25177208 PMCID: PMC4144272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
mtDNA mutations are common in human cancers and are thought to contribute to the process of neoplasia. We examined the role of mtDNA mutations in skin cancer by generating fibroblast cybrids harboring a mutation in the gene encoding the mitochondrial tRNA for arginine. This somatic mutation (9821insA) was previously reported in UV-induced hyperkeratotic skin tumors in hairless mice and confers specific tumorigenic phenotypes to mutant cybrids. Microarray analysis revealed and RT-PCR along with Western blot analysis confirmed the up-regulation of CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 in mtBALB haplotype containing the mt-Tr 9821insA allele compared to wild type mtB6 haplotype. Based on reported role of CCL20 in cancer progression we examined whether the hyper-proliferation and enhanced motility of mtBALB haplotype would be associated with CCL20 levels. Treatment of both genotypes with recombinant CCL20 (rmCCL20) resulted in enhanced growth and motility of mtB6 cybrids. Furthermore, the acquired somatic alteration increased the in vivo tumor growth of mtBALB cybrids through the up-regulation of CCL20 since neutralizing antibody significantly decreased in vivo tumor growth of these cells; and tumors from anti-CCL20 treated mice injected with mtBALB cybrids showed significantly decreased CCL20 levels. When rmCCL20 or mtBALB cybrids were used as chemotactic stimuli, mtB6 cybrids showed increased motility while anti-CCL20 antibody decreased the migration and in vivo tumor growth of mtBALB cybrids. Moreover, the inhibitors of MAPK signaling and NF-κB activation inhibited CCL20 expression in mtBALB cybrids and decreased their migratory capabilities. Thus, acquired mtDNA mutations may promote tumorigenic phenotypes through up-regulation of chemokine CCL20.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sligh
- Department of Medicine – Dermatology Division, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 857 24, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Jaroslav Janda
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Jana Jandova
- Department of Medicine – Dermatology Division, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 857 24, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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14
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Farina AR, Mackay AR. Gelatinase B/MMP-9 in Tumour Pathogenesis and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:240-96. [PMID: 24473089 PMCID: PMC3980597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its original identification as a leukocyte gelatinase/type V collagenase and tumour type IV collagenase, gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is now recognised as playing a central role in many aspects of tumour progression. In this review, we relate current concepts concerning the many ways in which gelatinase B/MMP-9 influences tumour biology. Following a brief outline of the gelatinase B/MMP-9 gene and protein, we analyse the role(s) of gelatinase B/MMP-9 in different phases of the tumorigenic process, and compare the importance of gelatinase B/MMP-9 source in the carcinogenic process. What becomes apparent is the importance of inflammatory cell-derived gelatinase B/MMP-9 in tumour promotion, early progression and triggering of the "angiogenic switch", the integral relationship between inflammatory, stromal and tumour components with respect to gelatinase B/MMP-9 production and activation, and the fundamental role for gelatinase B/MMP-9 in the formation and maintenance of tumour stem cell and metastatic niches. It is also apparent that gelatinase B/MMP-9 plays important tumour suppressing functions, producing endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors, promoting inflammatory anti-tumour activity, and inducing apoptosis. The fundamental roles of gelatinase B/MMP-9 in cancer biology underpins the need for specific therapeutic inhibitors of gelatinase B/MMP-9 function, the use of which must take into account and substitute for tumour-suppressing gelatinase B/MMP-9 activity and also limit inhibition of physiological gelatinase B/MMP-9 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
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15
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Finsterer J, Krexner E. Increased prevalence of malignancy in adult mitochondrial disorders. J Med Life 2013; 6:477-81. [PMID: 24868266 PMCID: PMC4034300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES there are indications that patients with a mitochondrial disorder (MID) develop malignomas or benign tumors more frequently than the general population. The aims of the study were to find out if the prevalence of tumors is actually increased in MID-patients and which of the malignomas or benign tumors are the most frequent. METHODS The charts of MID-patients were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of malign or benign tumors. MID was diagnosed according to the modified Walker-criteria. RESULTS Among the 475 MID-patients screened for tumors, at least a single malignoma was found in 65 patients (13.7%), and at least a single benign tumor in 35 patients (7.4%). Among those with malignancy, 22 were men and 43 women. Among those with a malignancy, 1 had definite MID, 9 probable MID, and 55 possible MID. The most common of the malignancies was breast cancer, followed by dermatological, gynecological, and gastrointestinal malignancies. The most frequent of the benign tumors was lipoma, followed by pituitary adenoma, meningeomas, carcinoids, and suprarenal adenomas. Compared to the general population, the prevalence of malignancies and of benign tumors was markedly increased. The female preponderance was explained by the frequent maternal inheritance of MIDs. CONCLUSIONS Adult patients with a MID, particularly females, carry an increased risk to develop a malignancy or a benign tumor. Since malignancy is an important determinant for their outcome, these patients should be more accurately screened for neoplasms, not to overlook the point, at which an effective treatment can no longer be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Krexner
- 1st Medical Department, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Weigl S, Paradiso A, Tommasi S. Mitochondria and familial predisposition to breast cancer. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:195-203. [PMID: 24179442 PMCID: PMC3664469 DOI: 10.2174/1389202911314030005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome and functional alterations are related to various diseases including cancer. In all cases, the role of these organelles is associated with defects in oxidative energy metabolism and control of tumor-induced oxidative stress. The present study examines the involvement of mitochondrial DNA in cancer and in particular in breast cancer. Furthermore, since mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited, hereditary breast cancer has been focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Weigl
- National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari-Italy
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17
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Strozyk E, Kulms D. The role of AKT/mTOR pathway in stress response to UV-irradiation: implication in skin carcinogenesis by regulation of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15260-85. [PMID: 23887651 PMCID: PMC3759859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of DNA damage by UVB and UVA radiation may generate mutations and genomic instability leading to carcinogenesis. Therefore, skin cells being repeatedly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light have acquired multilayered protective mechanisms to avoid malignant transformation. Besides extensive DNA repair mechanisms, the damaged skin cells can be eliminated by induction of apoptosis, which is mediated through the action of tumor suppressor p53. In order to prevent the excessive loss of skin cells and to maintain the skin barrier function, apoptotic pathways are counteracted by anti-apoptotic signaling including the AKT/mTOR pathway. However, AKT/mTOR not only prevents cell death, but is also active in cell cycle transition and hyper-proliferation, thereby also counteracting p53. In turn, AKT/mTOR is tuned down by the negative regulators being controlled by the p53. This inhibition of AKT/mTOR, in combination with transactivation of damage-regulated autophagy modulators, guides the p53-mediated elimination of damaged cellular components by autophagic clearance. Alternatively, p53 irreversibly blocks cell cycle progression to prevent AKT/mTOR-driven proliferation, thereby inducing premature senescence. Conclusively, AKT/mTOR via an extensive cross talk with p53 influences the UV response in the skin with no black and white scenario deciding over death or survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Strozyk
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; E-Mail:
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