1
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Zhou Y, Guo Y, Wang Y. Identification and validation of a seven-gene prognostic marker in colon cancer based on single-cell transcriptome analysis. IET Syst Biol 2022; 16:72-83. [PMID: 35352485 PMCID: PMC8965382 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed tumours worldwide. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) can accurately reflect the heterogeneity within and between tumour cells and identify important genes associated with cancer development and growth. In this study, scRNA‐seq was used to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers in CC. ScRNA‐seq data of CC before and after 5‐fluorouracil treatment were first downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The data were pre‐processed, and dimensionality reduction was performed using principal component analysis and t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding algorithms. Additionally, the transcriptome data, somatic variant data, and clinical reports of patients with CC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Seven key genes were identified using Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method to establish signatures associated with CC prognoses. The identified signatures were validated on independent datasets, and somatic mutations and potential oncogenic pathways were further explored. Based on these features, gene signatures, and other clinical variables, a more effective predictive model nomogram for patients with CC was constructed, and a decision curve analysis was performed to assess the utility of the nomogram. A prognostic signature consisting of seven prognostic‐related genes, including CAV2, EREG, NGFRAP1, WBSCR22, SPINT2, CCDC28A, and BCL10, was constructed and validated. The proficiency and credibility of the signature were verified in both internal and external datasets, and the results showed that the seven‐gene signature could effectively predict the prognosis of patients with CC under various clinical conditions. A nomogram was then constructed based on features such as the RiskScore, patients' age, neoplasm stage, and tumor (T), nodes (N), and metastases (M) classification, and the nomogram had good clinical utility. Higher RiskScores were associated with a higher tumour mutational burden, which was confirmed to be a prognostic risk factor. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that high‐score groups were enriched in ‘cytoplasmic DNA sensing’, ‘Extracellular matrix receptor interactions’, and ‘focal adhesion’, and low‐score groups were enriched in ‘natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity’, and ‘T‐cell receptor signalling pathways’, among other pathways. A robust seven‐gene marker for CC was identified based on scRNA‐seq data and was validated in multiple independent cohort studies. These findings provide a new potential marker to predict the prognosis of patients with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital (Shenyang Chest Hospital), Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhe Wang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, China
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2
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Jiangzhou H, Zhang H, Sun R, Fahira A, Wang K, Li Z, Shi Y, Wang Z. Integrative omics analysis reveals effective stratification and potential prognosis markers of pan-gastrointestinal cancers. iScience 2021; 24:102824. [PMID: 34381964 PMCID: PMC8340129 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers are the most common malignant cancers with high mortality rate. Pan-cancer multi-omics data fusion provides a powerful strategy to examine commonalities and differences among various cancer types and benefits for the identification of pan-cancer drug targets. Herein, we conducted an integrative omics analysis on The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-GI samples including six carcinomas and stratified into 9 clusters, i.e. 5 single-type-dominant clusters and 4 mixed clusters, the clustering reveals the molecular features of different subtypes, other than the organ and cell-of-origin classifications. Especially the mixed clusters revealed the homogeneity of pan-GI cancers. We demonstrated that the prognosis differences among pan-GI subtypes based on multi-omics integration are more significant than clustering by single-omics. The potential prognostic markers for pan-GI stratification were identified by proportional hazards model, such as PSCA (for colorectal and stomach cancer) and PPP1CB (for liver and pancreatic cancer), which have prominent prognostic power supported by high concordance index. Pan-cancer multi-omics strategy reveals homogeneity and heterogeneity of pan-GI cancers Identify 9 iclusters with significantly different survival and molecular features Potential prognostic markers have prominent power supported by concordance index
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Jiangzhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Renliang Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Aamir Fahira
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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3
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Yue D, Liu S, Zhang T, Wang Y, Qin G, Chen X, Zhang H, Wang D, Huang L, Wang F, Wang L, Zhao S, Zhang Y. NEDD9 promotes cancer stemness by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells via CXCL8 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0290. [PMID: 33710809 PMCID: PMC8330544 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may cause tumor initiation, metastasis, and recurrence and are also responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy failures. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), in contrast, are known to be involved in mediating immunosuppression. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of interaction of CSCs and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS ESCC tissues and cell lines were evaluated. Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 9 (NEDD9) was knocked down and overexpressed by lentiviral transfection. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, cell invasion, flow cytometry, cell sorting, multiplex chemokine profiling, and tumor growth analyses were performed. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed 10 upregulated genes in esophageal CSCs. Only NEDD9 was upregulated in CSCs using the sphere-forming method. NEDD9 expression was correlated with tumor invasion (P = 0.0218), differentiation (P = 0.0153), and poor prognosis (P = 0.0373). Additionally, NEDD9 was required to maintain the stem-like phenotype. Screening of chemokine expression in ESCC cells with NEDD9 overexpression and knockdown showed that NEDD9 regulated C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) expression via the ERK pathway. CXCL8 mediated the recruitment of MDSCs induced by NEDD9 in vitro and in vivo. MDSCs promoted the stemness of ESCC cells through NEDD9 via the Notch pathway. CONCLUSIONS As a marker of ESCC, NEDD9 maintained the stemness of ESCC cells and regulated CXCL8 through the ERK pathway to recruit MDSCs into the tumor, suggesting NEDD9 as a therapeutic target and novel prognostic marker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
- Biomed Innovation Center, Yehoo Group, Shenzhen 518067, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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4
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Use of DNA methylation profiling in translational oncology. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:523-535. [PMID: 33352265 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a highly regulated process that has a critical role in human development and homeostatic control of the cell. The number of genes affected by anomalous DNA methylation in cancer-associated pathways is swiftly accelerating and with the advancement of molecular technologies, new layers of complexity are opening up and refining our strategies to combat cancer. DNA methylation profiling is an essential facet to understanding malignant transformation and is becoming an increasingly important tool for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring. In this review, the role of DNA methylation in normal cellular function is discussed, as well as how epigenetic aberrations override normal cellular cues that lead to tumor initiation and propagation. The review also focuses on the latest advancements in DNA methylation profiling as a biomarker for early cancer detection, predicting patient clinical outcomes and responses to treatment and provides new insights into epigenetic-based therapy in clinical oncology.
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5
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Lin L, Cheng X, Yin D. Aberrant DNA Methylation in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2020; 10:549850. [PMID: 33194605 PMCID: PMC7645039 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.549850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all cancer cells possess multiple epigenetic abnormalities, which cooperate with genetic alterations to enable the acquisition of cancer hallmarks during tumorigenesis. As the most frequently found epigenetic change in human cancers, aberrant DNA methylation manifests at two major forms: global genomic DNA hypomethylation and locus-specific promoter region hypermethylation. It has been recognized as a critical contributor to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) malignant transformation. In ESCC, DNA methylation alterations affect genes involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, and cancer-related signaling pathways. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns occur not only in ESCC tumors but also in precursor lesions. It adds another layer of complexity to the ESCC heterogeneity and may serve as early diagnostic, prognostic, and chemo-sensitive markers. Characterization of the DNA methylome in ESCC could help better understand its pathogenesis and develop improved therapies. We herein summarize the current research and knowledge about DNA methylation in ESCC and its clinical significance in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Mukai S, Yamasaki K, Fujii M, Nagai T, Terada N, Kataoka H, Kamoto T. Dysregulation of Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases and Ligand-Dependent Activation of MET in Urological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082663. [PMID: 32290402 PMCID: PMC7215454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike in normal epithelium, dysregulated overactivation of various proteases have been reported in cancers. Degradation of pericancerous extracellular matrix leading to cancer cell invasion by matrix metalloproteases is well known evidence. On the other hand, several cell-surface proteases, including type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs), also induce progression through activation of growth factors, protease activating receptors and other proteases. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) known as a multifunctional growth factor that upregulates cancer cell motility, invasiveness, proliferative, and anti-apoptotic activities through phosphorylation of MET (a specific receptor of HGF). HGF secreted as inactive zymogen (pro-HGF) from cancer associated stromal fibroblasts, and the proteolytic activation by several TTSPs including matriptase and hepsin is required. The activation is strictly regulated by HGF activator inhibitors (HAIs) in physiological condition. However, downregulation is frequently observed in cancers. Indeed, overactivation of MET by upregulation of matriptase and hepsin accompanied by the downregulation of HAIs in urological cancers (prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer) are also reported, a phenomenon observed in cancer cells with malignant phenotype, and correlated with poor prognosis. In this review, we summarized current reports focusing on TTSPs, HAIs, and MET signaling axis in urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-985-85-2968
| | - Koji Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Masato Fujii
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan;
| | - Toshiyuki Kamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
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7
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Yue D, Zhang D, Shi X, Liu S, Li A, Wang D, Qin G, Ping Y, Qiao Y, Chen X, Wang F, Chen R, Zhao S, Wang L, Zhang Y. Chloroquine Inhibits Stemness of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Through Targeting CXCR4-STAT3 Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:311. [PMID: 32232002 PMCID: PMC7083143 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are present in ESCC, are thought to lead to aggressive tumor behavior and the prognosis. The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), is regarded as a putative CSCs marker in various malignancies. Here, we demonstrate that CXCR4 played a key role in ESCC progression and CXCR4 positive ESCC cells possessed stem-like properties. Furthermore, the anti-malarial agent chloroquine (CQ) targeted CXCR4-positive ESCC cells via STAT3 pathway. Therefore, CQ with anti-CSCs effects may be an effective adjunct to current ESCC chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daiqun Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Shi
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yamin Qiao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Renyin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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STYK1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis by reducing SPINT2/HAI-2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:435. [PMID: 31164631 PMCID: PMC6547759 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NSCLC progression remains not fully understood. In this study, 347 patients with complete clinicopathologic characteristics who underwent NSCLC surgery were recruited for the investigation. We verified that elevated serine threonine tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1) or decreased serine peptidase inhibitor Kunitz type 2 (SPINT2/HAI-2) expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis, tumor invasion, and metastasis of NSCLC patients. STYK1 overexpression promoted NSCLC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. STYK1 also induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition by E-cadherin downregulation and Snail upregulation. Moreover, RNA-seq, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analyses confirmed that STYK1 overexpression significantly decreased the SPINT2 level in NSCLC cells, and SPINT2 overexpression obviously reversed STYK1-mediated NSCLC progression both in vitro and in vivo. Further survival analyses showed that NSCLC patients with high STYK1 level and low SPINT2 level had the worst prognosis and survival. These results indicated that STYK1 facilitated NSCLC progression via reducing SPINT2 expression. Therefore, targeting STYK1 and SPINT2 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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9
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Shi X, Chen X, Fang B, Ping Y, Qin G, Yue D, Li F, Yang S, Zhang Y. Decitabine enhances tumor recognition by T cells through upregulating the MAGE-A3 expression in esophageal carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108632. [PMID: 30797153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer testis (CT) antigens are expressed in various types of tumors and represent the potential targets for T cell-based immunotherapy. Analysis of CT gene expression and DNA methylation have indicated that certain CT genes are epigenetically regulated and studies have confirmed that certain CT antigens are regulated by DNA methylation. In this study, we explored the epigenetic regulation of MAGE-A3 and improved the clinical outcome of MAGE-A3-specific T cell therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We used molecular profiling datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze CT gene expression in ESCC and its regulation by DNA methylation. We performed quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and bisulfite sequencing in ESCC cell lines and ESCC tissues. Functional assays, such as flow cytometry, cytotoxicity assays and ELISA, were performed to determine the demethylation agent, decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DAC)-treated cancer cell improved antigen specific T cells response. ESCC tumor cell-xenograft mouse model and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays were used to determine the function of DAC treatment in enhancing anti-MAGE-3 T cell responses in ESCC. Furthermore, we performed qRT-PCR and flow cytometry in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients. MAGE-A3, one of the CT antigens, expressed at various levels in ESCC and was interfered by DNA methylation. We observed an efficient increase in MAGE-A3 expression in tumor cells and tissues after the treatment of decitabine and the expression of MAGE-A3 was affected by DNA methylation. Functional assays showed enhanced secretion of IFN-γ and cytolysis of MAGE-A3 antigen-specific T cells by DAC-treated target cells. In the tumor cell-xenograft mouse model and ELISPOT assays, DAC increased the expression of MAGE-A3 and T cell mediated tumor clearance in ESCC as well. Notably, the proportions of MAGE-A3-responsive T cells were elevated in DAC-treated patients with MDS, indicating DAC dismissed the epigenetic inhibition of MAGE-A3. DAC would probably improve the clinical outcome of MAGE-A3-specific T cell therapy by augmenting the expression of target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shi
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Baijun Fang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shengli Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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10
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Yin L, Mu Y, Lin Y, Xia Q. HGFAC expression decreased in liver cancer and its low expression correlated with DNA hypermethylation and poor prognosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:9692-9699. [PMID: 30635948 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
As the activator of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFAC) has been previously reported to involve in liver, kidney, and stomach regeneration in response to injury and several types of cancers. This study aimed to explore the expression of HGFAC and the correlation between decreased HGFAC and DNA methylation in liver cancer and its clinical significance. The molecular profiling of HGFAC in liver cancer was analyzed using genomic, transcriptomic, immunohistochemistry, and patient survival information from databases, including oncomine, HPA, COSMIC, UCSC Xena, MPRESS, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. It was found that HGFAC expression at transcriptional and translational level decreased in liver cancer compared with normal tissues. There is a negative correlation between the HGFAC expression and methylation around the promoter region which indicated that HGFAC expression might be controlled by DNA methylation. Moreover, the decreased HGFAC is associated with significantly short over survival time in liver cancer patients. In conclusion, decreased HGFAC expression in liver cancer associated with poor survival outcome. Hypermethylation around the promoter region contributed to the decreased expression of HGFAC. HGFAC may be a useful and predictive biomarker for the prognosis of liver cancer patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the relationship between HGFAC DNA methylation and its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Laboratory of Tropical Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yudong Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Affiliated to the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- Laboratory of Tropical Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qianfeng Xia
- Laboratory of Tropical Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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11
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Roversi FM, Cury NM, Lopes MR, Ferro KP, Machado-Neto JA, Alvarez MC, Dos Santos GP, Giardini Rosa R, Longhini AL, Duarte ADSS, Pericole FV, Favaro P, Yunes JA, Saad STO. Up-regulation of SPINT2/HAI-2 by Azacytidine in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells affects leukemic stem cell survival and adhesion. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1562-1571. [PMID: 30484958 PMCID: PMC6349149 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of tumour microenvironment in neoplasm initiation and malignant evolution has been increasingly recognized. However, the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BMMSC) contribution to disease progression remains poorly explored. We previously reported that the expression of serine protease inhibitor kunitz‐type2 (SPINT2/HAI‐2), an inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activation, is significantly lower in BMMSC from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients compared to healthy donors (HD). Thus, to investigate whether this loss of expression was due to SPINT2/HAI‐2 methylation, BMMSC from MDS and de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (de novo AML) patients were treated with 5‐Azacitidine (Aza), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. In MDS‐ and de novo AML‐BMMSC, Aza treatment resulted in a pronounced SPINT2/HAI‐2 levels up‐regulation. Moreover, Aza treatment of HD‐BMMSC did not improve SPINT2/HAI‐2 levels. To understand the role of SPINT2/HAI‐2 down‐regulation in BMMSC physiology, SPINT2/HAI‐2 expression was inhibited by lentivirus. SPINT2 underexpression resulted in an increased production of HGF by HS‐5 stromal cells and improved survival of CD34+ de novo AML cells. We also observed an increased adhesion of de novo AML hematopoietic cells to SPINT2/HAI‐2 silenced cells. Interestingly, BMMSC isolated from MDS and de novo AML patients had increased expression of the integrins CD49b, CD49d, and CD49e. Thus, SPINT2/HAI‐2 may contribute to functional and morphological abnormalities of the microenvironment niche and to stem/progenitor cancer cell progression. Hence, down‐regulation in SPINT2/HAI‐2 gene expression, due to methylation in MDS‐BMMSC and de novo AML‐BMMSC, provides novel insights into the pathogenic role of the leukemic bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Moreno Cury
- Centro Infantil de Investigações Hematológicas Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rodrigues Lopes
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Priscila Ferro
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pereira Dos Santos
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Giardini Rosa
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Leda Longhini
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Vieira Pericole
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Centro Infantil de Investigações Hematológicas Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Fukushima T, Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto K, Yamashita F, Izumi A, Kaieda T, Takezaki Y, Itoh H, Takeshima H, Kataoka H. Aberrant methylation and silencing of the SPINT2 gene in high-grade gliomas. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2970-2979. [PMID: 29987920 PMCID: PMC6125435 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 2 (HAI‐2), encoded by the SPINT2 gene, is a membrane‐anchored protein that inhibits proteases involved in the activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a ligand of MET receptor. Epigenetic silencing of the SPINT2 gene has been reported in a human glioblastoma cell line (U87) and glioblastoma‐derived cancer stem cells. However, the incidence of SPINT2 methylation in tumor tissues obtained from glioma patients is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the methylation status of the SPINT2 gene of eight human glioblastoma cell lines and surgically resected glioma tissues of different grades (II, III, and IV) by bisulfite sequence analysis and methylation‐specific PCR. Most glioblastoma lines (7/8) showed methylation of the SPINT2 gene with a significantly reduced level of SPINT2mRNA compared to cultured astrocytes and normal brain tissues. However, all glioblastoma lines expressed mRNA for HGF activator (HGFAC), a target protease of HAI‐2/SPINT2. Forced expression of SPINT2 reduced MET phosphorylation of U87 glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in intracranial xenografts in nude mice. Methylation‐specific PCR analysis of the resected glioma tissues indicated notable methylation of the SPINT2 gene in 33.3% (2/6), 71.4% (10/14), and 74.3% (26/35) of grade II, III, and IV gliomas, respectively. Analysis of RNA sequencing data in a public database indicated an increased HGFAC/SPINT2 expression ratio in high‐grade compared to low‐grade gliomas (P = .01). In summary, aberrant methylation of the SPINT2 gene is frequently observed in high‐grade gliomas and might confer MET signaling in the glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Fumiki Yamashita
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Aya Izumi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaieda
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuka Takezaki
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hideo Takeshima
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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13
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Li P, Chen X, Qin G, Yue D, Zhang Z, Ping Y, Wang D, Zhao X, Song M, Zhao Q, Li J, Liu S, Wang D, Zhang C, Lian J, Cao L, Li F, Huang L, Wang L, Yang L, Huang J, Li H, Zhang B, Zhang Y. Maelstrom Directs Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Promote Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Activation of the Akt1/RelA/IL8 Signaling Pathway. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1246-1259. [PMID: 30082413 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maelstrom (MAEL) is a novel cancer/testis-associated gene, which is not only expressed in the male testicular germ cells among human normal tissues, but is also aberrantly expressed in various cancer tissues. In our study, MAEL was characterized as a tumor-promoting gene and was significantly associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) recurrence and unfavorable prognosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high MAEL expression had a shorter survival time. Functional experiments showed that MAEL promoted tumor cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis. These results prompted us to investigate the factors affecting the tumorigenicity of MAEL Further experimentation demonstrated that MAEL enhanced the expression of phosphorylated Akt1, with subsequent phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit RelA in tumor cells, and chemoattracted myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) by upregulating interleukin-8 (IL8) to accelerate tumor progression in the tumor microenvironment. We also found that TGFβ secreted by MDSCs could upregulate MAEL by inducing Smad2/Smad3 phosphorylation. In summary, this study revealed a mechanism by which MAEL could upregulate IL8 through Akt1/RelA to direct MDSCs homing into the tumor, suggesting that MAEL could be an attractive therapeutic target and a prognostic marker against ESCC. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(10); 1246-59. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pupu Li
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengjia Song
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qitai Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jieyao Li
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyao Lian
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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14
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Wang N, Che Y, Yin F, Yu F, Bi X, Wang Y. Study on the methylation status of SPINT2 gene and its expression in cervical carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:435-442. [PMID: 29843210 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-171050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the malignant tumors which seriously threaten the women health worldwide. SPINT2 is an endogenous inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor activator and down regulated or even silenced in many human malignant tumors. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to explore the promoter methylation status of SPINT2 gene and the effect on its expression in cervical carcinoma. METHODS HPV-positive and -negative cervical cancer cell lines, 50 cases of cervical carcinoma tissues, and 20 cases of normal cervical tissues were used for this study. The methylation status of promoter and the first exon of SPINT2 gene were analyzed. The expression of SPINT2 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS HPV E6/E7 infection affects SPINT2 methylation rate in cell lines. SPINT2 methylation rate of HT-3E6/E7 was 8.8%, while the methylation rate of SPINT2 in HT-3 was 0%. In cervical tissues, the methylation rate of SPINT2 in cervical cancers was 54%, while the methylation rate of SPINT2 in normal cervical samples was 25%. As for cervical cancers, the methylation rate of SPINT2 gene was higher in grade 3 than those of grade 2. CONCLUSIONS The expression of SPINT2 gene is regulated by its methylation status, and the methylation status of SPINT2 is altered by HPV infection. The aberrant methylation status of SPINT2 gene may play an important role in the development of cervical cancer.
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15
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Llinàs-Arias P, Esteller M. Epigenetic inactivation of tumour suppressor coding and non-coding genes in human cancer: an update. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170152. [PMID: 28931650 PMCID: PMC5627056 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo many different alterations during their transformation, including genetic and epigenetic events. The controlled division of healthy cells can be impaired through the downregulation of tumour suppressor genes. Here, we provide an update of the mechanisms in which epigenetically altered coding and non-coding tumour suppressor genes are implicated. We will highlight the importance of epigenetics in the different molecular pathways that lead to enhanced and unlimited capacity of division, genomic instability, metabolic shift, acquisition of mesenchymal features that lead to metastasis, and tumour plasticity. We will briefly describe these pathways, focusing especially on genes whose epigenetic inactivation through DNA methylation has been recently described, as well as on those that are well established as being epigenetically silenced in cancer. A brief perspective of current clinical therapeutic approaches that can revert epigenetic inactivation of non-coding tumour suppressor genes will also be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08908 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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16
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Serine peptidase inhibitor Kunitz type 2 (SPINT2) in cancer development and progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:278-286. [PMID: 29499401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis and mechanisms involved in neoplastic transformation and progression is important for the development of novel selective target therapeutic strategies. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET signaling plays an important role in cell proliferation, survival, migration and motility of cancer cells. Serine peptidase inhibitor Kunitz type 2 (SPINT2) binds to and inactivates the HGF activator (HGFA), behaving as an HGFA inhibitor (HAI) and impairing the conversion of pro-HGF into bioactive HGF. The scope of the present review is to recapitulate and review the evidence of SPINT2 participation in cancer development and progression, exploring the clinical, biological and functional descriptions of the involvement of this protein in diverse neoplasias. Most studies are in agreement as to the belief that, in a large range of human cancers, the SPINT2 gene promoter is frequently methylated, resulting in the epigenetic silence of this gene. Functional assays indicate that SPINT2 reactivation ameliorates the malignant phenotype, specifically reducing cell viability, migration and invasion in diverse cancer cell lines. In sum, the SPINT2 gene is epigenetically silenced or downregulated in human cancers, altering the balance of HGF activation/inhibition ratio, which contributes to cancer development and progression.
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17
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Kataoka H, Kawaguchi M, Fukushima T, Shimomura T. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitors (HAI-1 and HAI-2): Emerging key players in epithelial integrity and cancer. Pathol Int 2018; 68:145-158. [PMID: 29431273 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth, survival, and metabolic activities of multicellular organisms at the cellular level are regulated by intracellular signaling, systemic homeostasis and the pericellular microenvironment. Pericellular proteolysis has a crucial role in processing bioactive molecules in the microenvironment and thereby has profound effects on cellular functions. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) and HAI-2 are type I transmembrane serine protease inhibitors expressed by most epithelial cells. They regulate the pericellular activities of circulating hepatocyte growth factor activator and cellular type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs), proteases required for the activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor (SF). Activated HGF/SF transduces pleiotropic signals through its receptor tyrosine kinase, MET (coded by the proto-oncogene MET), which are necessary for cellular migration, survival, growth and triggering stem cells for accelerated healing. HAI-1 and HAI-2 are also required for normal epithelial functions through regulation of TTSP-mediated activation of other proteases and protease-activated receptor 2, and also through suppressing excess degradation of epithelial junctional proteins. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the mechanism of pericellular HGF/SF activation and highlights emerging roles of HAIs in epithelial development and integrity, as well as tumorigenesis and progression of transformed epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
| | - Takeshi Shimomura
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
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18
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Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-2 (HAI-2)/ SPINT2 contributes to invasive growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11691-11706. [PMID: 29545930 PMCID: PMC5837738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1/SPINT1 and HAI-2/SPINT2 are membrane-anchored protease inhibitors having homologous Kunitz-type inhibitor domains. They regulate membrane-anchored serine proteases, such as matriptase and prostasin. Whereas HAI-1 suppresses the neoplastic progression of keratinocytes to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) through matriptase inhibition, the role of HAI-2 in keratinocytes is poorly understood. In vitro homozygous knockout of the SPINT2 gene suppressed the proliferation of two oral SCC (OSCC) lines (SAS and HSC3) but not the growth of a non-tumorigenic keratinocyte line (HaCaT). Reversion of HAI-2 abrogated the growth suppression. Matrigel invasion of both OSCC lines was also suppressed by the loss of HAI-2. The levels of prostasin protein were markedly increased in HAI-2-deficient cells, and knockdown of prostasin alleviated the HAI-2 loss-induced suppression of OSCC cell invasion. Therefore, HAI-2 has a pro-invasive role in OSCC cells through suppression of prostasin. In surgically resected OSCC tissues, HAI-2 immunoreactivity increased along with neoplastic progression, showing intense immunoreactivities in invasive OSCC cells. In summary, HAI-2 is required for invasive growth of OSCC cells and may contribute to OSCC progression.
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19
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Lin DC, Wang MR, Koeffler HP. Genomic and Epigenomic Aberrations in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Implications for Patients. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:374-389. [PMID: 28757263 PMCID: PMC5951382 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignancy without effective therapy. The exomes of more than 600 ESCCs have been sequenced in the past 4 years, and numerous key aberrations have been identified. Recently, researchers reported both inter- and intratumor heterogeneity. Although these are interesting observations, their clinical implications are unclear due to the limited number of samples profiled. Epigenomic alterations, such as changes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and RNA editing, also have been observed in ESCCs. However, it is not clear what proportion of ESCC cells carry these epigenomic aberrations or how they contribute to tumor development. We review the genomic and epigenomic characteristics of ESCCs, with a focus on emerging themes. We discuss their clinical implications and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Wu SR, Teng CH, Tu YT, Ko CJ, Cheng TS, Lan SW, Lin HY, Lin HH, Tu HF, Hsiao PW, Huang HP, Chen CH, Lee MS. The Kunitz Domain I of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor-2 Inhibits Matriptase Activity and Invasive Ability of Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15101. [PMID: 29118397 PMCID: PMC5678078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of pericellular proteolysis is often required for tumor invasion and cancer progression. It has been shown that down-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 (HAI-2) results in activation of matriptase (a membrane-anchored serine protease), human prostate cancer cell motility and tumor growth. In this study, we further characterized if HAI-2 was a cognate inhibitor for matriptase and identified which Kunitz domain of HAI-2 was required for inhibiting matriptase and human prostate cancer cell motility. Our results show that HAI-2 overexpression suppressed matriptase-induced prostate cancer cell motility. We demonstrate that HAI-2 interacts with matriptase on cell surface and inhibits matriptase proteolytic activity. Moreover, cellular HAI-2 harnesses its Kunitz domain 1 (KD1) to inhibit matriptase activation and prostate cancer cell motility although recombinant KD1 and KD2 of HAI-2 both show an inhibitory activity and interaction with matriptase protease domain. The results together indicate that HAI-2 is a cognate inhibitor of matriptase, and KD1 of HAI-2 plays a major role in the inhibition of cellular matritptase activation as well as human prostate cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ru Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsin Teng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Shan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wei Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Chen
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyue Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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YAMADA NOBUHISA, YASUI KOHICHIROH, DOHI OSAMU, GEN YASUYUKI, TOMIE AKIRA, KITAICHI TOMOKO, IWAI NAOTO, MITSUYOSHI HIRONORI, SUMIDA YOSHIO, MORIGUCHI MICHIHISA, YAMAGUCHI KANJI, NISHIKAWA TAICHIRO, UMEMURA ATSUSHI, NAITO YUJI, TANAKA SHINJI, ARII SHIGEKI, ITOH YOSHITO. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2228-36. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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22
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Liu JY, Li F, Wang LP, Chen XF, Wang D, Cao L, Ping Y, Zhao S, Li B, Thorne SH, Zhang B, Kalinski P, Zhang Y. CTL- vs Treg lymphocyte-attracting chemokines, CCL4 and CCL20, are strong reciprocal predictive markers for survival of patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:747-55. [PMID: 26284335 PMCID: PMC4559838 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumoural infiltration of T lymphocytes is determined by local patterns of specific chemokine expression. In this report, we examined the roles of CCL4 and CCL20 in the accumulation of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and determined the correlations between chemokine expressions and ESCC patients' survival. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were performed to examine the expressions of interested genes. Flow cytometry was adopted to check the expressions of CCL4- and CCL6-specific receptors, CCR5 and CCR6, on CTLs and Treg cells. In addition, transwell assay was carried on. RESULTS The CCL4 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of CTL markers (CD8 and Granzyme B), whereas CCL20 was positively correlated with Treg markers (FoxP3 and IL-10). Consistently, CCR5 was found to be mainly expressed on CD8(+) T lymphocytes, while CCR6 showed prevalence on Treg lymphocytes and the frequencies of CCR5(+)CD8(+) CTLs and CCR6(+) Treg cells were higher in TIL compared with PBMC. Respectively, CCL4 and CCL20 recruited CD8(+) and regulatory T cells in vitro. Importantly, high levels of CCL4 in the lesions of ESCC patients predicted prolonged survival. Furthermore, CCL4(high)/CCL20(low) group demonstrated better overall survival, whereas CCL4(low)/CCL20(low) and CCL4(low)/CCL20(high) groups showed the worst overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that CCL4 and CCL20 recruit functionally different T lymphocyte subsets into oesophageal carcinoma, indicating CCL4 and CCL20 are potential predictors of ESCC patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - F Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - L P Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - X F Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - D Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - L Cao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Y Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - S H Thorne
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - B Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - P Kalinski
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Engineering Key Laboratory for Cell Therapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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23
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Yue D, Zhang Z, Li J, Chen X, Ping Y, Liu S, Shi X, Li L, Wang L, Huang L, Zhang B, Sun Y, Zhang Y. Transforming growth factor-beta1 promotes the migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cell subpopulations in esophageal cancer. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:141-9. [PMID: 26096658 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal solid malignancies. Mounting evidence demonstrates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are able to cause tumor initiation, metastasis and responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy failures. As CSCs are thought to be the main reason of therapeutic failure, these cells must be effectively targeted to elicit long-lasting therapeutic responses. We aimed to enrich and identify the esophageal cancer cell subpopulation with stem-like properties and help to develop new target therapy strategies for CSCs. Here, we found esophageal cancer cells KYSE70 and TE1 could form spheres in ultra low attachment surface culture and be serially passaged. Sphere-forming cells could redifferentiate and acquire morphology comparable to parental cells, when return to adherent culture. The sphere-forming cells possessed the key criteria that define CSCs: persistent self-renewal, overexpression of stemness genes (SOX2, ALDH1A1 and KLF4), reduced expression of differentiation marker CK4, chemoresistance, strong invasion and enhanced tumorigenic potential. SB525334, transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) inhibitor, significantly inhibited migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cells and had no effect on sphere-forming ability. In conclusion, esophageal cancer sphere-forming cells from KYSE70 and TE1 cultured in ultra low attachment surface possess cancer stem cell properties, providing a model for CSCs targeted therapy. TGF-β1 promotes the migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cells, which may guide future studies on therapeutic strategies targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jieyao Li
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Shi
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China; Institute of Clinical-Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China.
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Li S, Yue D, Chen X, Wang L, Li J, Ping Y, Gao Q, Wang D, Zhang T, Li F, Yang L, Huang L, Zhang Y. Epigenetic regulation of CD271, a potential cancer stem cell marker associated with chemoresistance and metastatic capacity. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:425-32. [PMID: 25351876 PMCID: PMC4440220 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the cause of tumor initiation, metastasis and recurrence. Additionally, CSCs are responsible for the failure of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The isolation and identification of CSCs is crucial for facilitating the monitoring, therapy or prevention of cancer. We aimed to identify esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) stem-like cells, the epigenetic mechanism and identify novel biomarkers for targeting ESCC CSCs. Sixty-three paired ESCC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were included in this study. CD271, which was identified as the CSC marker for melanoma, was assessed using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Using flow cytometry, we isolated CD271+ cells comprising 7.5% of cancer cells from the KYSE70 cell line. Sphere formation and anchorage-independent growth were analyzed in CD271+ and CD271− cancer cells, respectively. qPCR was used to detect stem-related genes and CCK-8 was performed to analyze the sensitivity to chemotherapy in the two groups. Bisulfite genomic sequencing was used to analyze the methylation status. CD271 expression was significantly higher in ESCC tissues than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Compared with CD271− cancer cells, CD271+ cancer cells showed a higher ability of sphere and colony formation, a high level expression of stem-related gene, and resistance to chemotherapy. The expression of CD271 was induced by a demethylation agent. In conclusion, CD271+ ESCC cells possess stem-like properties. CD271 can potentially act as a prognostic marker for ESCC, whose expression is regulated epigenetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulan Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jieyao Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qun Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Mechanisms of hepatocyte growth factor activation in cancer tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1890-904. [PMID: 25268161 PMCID: PMC4276949 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6041890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) plays critical roles in cancer progression through its specific receptor, MET. HGF/SF is usually synthesized and secreted as an inactive proform (pro-HGF/SF) by stromal cells, such as fibroblasts. Several serine proteases are reported to convert pro-HGF/SF to mature HGF/SF and among these, HGF activator (HGFA) and matriptase are the most potent activators. Increased activities of both proteases have been observed in various cancers. HGFA is synthesized mainly by the liver and secreted as an inactive pro-form. In cancer tissues, pro-HGFA is likely activated by thrombin and/or human kallikrein 1-related peptidase (KLK)-4 and KLK-5. Matriptase is a type II transmembrane serine protease that is expressed by most epithelial cells and is also synthesized as an inactive zymogen. Matriptase activation is likely to be mediated by autoactivation or by other trypsin-like proteases. Recent studies revealed that matriptase autoactivation is promoted by an acidic environment. Given the mildly acidic extracellular environment of solid tumors, matriptase activation may, thus, be accelerated in the tumor microenvironment. HGFA and matriptase activities are regulated by HGFA inhibitor (HAI)-1 (HAI-1) and/or HAI-2 in the pericellular microenvironment. HAIs may have an important role in cancer cell biology by regulating HGF/SF-activating proteases.
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