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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Dental and Nondental Tissue Regeneration: A Review of an Unexploited Potential. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:1941629. [PMID: 32300365 PMCID: PMC7146092 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1941629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies currently represent the state of art for tissue regenerative treatment approaches for various diseases and disorders. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed from adult somatic cells, using vectors carrying definite transcription factors, have manifested a breakthrough in regenerative medicine, relying on their pluripotent nature and ease of generation in large amounts from various dental and nondental tissues. In addition to their potential applications in regenerative medicine and dentistry, iPSCs can also be used in disease modeling and drug testing for personalized medicine. The current review discusses various techniques for the production of iPSC-derived osteogenic and odontogenic progenitors, the therapeutic applications of iPSCs, and their regenerative potential in vivo and in vitro. Through the present review, we aim to explore the potential applications of iPSCs in dental and nondental tissue regeneration and to highlight different protocols used for the generation of different tissues and cell lines from iPSCs.
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Raddall G, Mello I, Leung BM. Biomaterials and Scaffold Design Strategies for Regenerative Endodontic Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:317. [PMID: 31803727 PMCID: PMC6874017 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenges with traditional endodontic treatment for immature permanent teeth exhibiting pulp necrosis have prompted interest in tissue engineering approaches to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex and allow root development to continue. These procedures are known as regenerative endodontic therapies. A fundamental component of the regenerative endodontic process is the presence of a scaffold for stem cells from the apical papilla to adhere to, multiply and differentiate. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the biomaterial scaffolds that have been investigated to support stem cells from the apical papilla in regenerative endodontic therapy and to identify potential biomaterials for future research. An electronic search was conducted using Pubmed and Novanet databases for published studies on biomaterial scaffolds for regenerative endodontic therapies, as well as promising biomaterial candidates for future research. Using keywords "regenerative endodontics," "scaffold," "stem cells" and "apical papilla," 203 articles were identified after duplicate articles were removed. A second search using "dental pulp stem cells" instead of "apical papilla" yielded 244 articles. Inclusion criteria included the use of stem cells from the apical papilla or dental pulp stem cells in combination with a biomaterial scaffold; articles using other dental stem cells or no scaffolds were excluded. The investigated scaffolds were organized in host-derived, naturally-derived and synthetic material categories. It was found that the biomaterial scaffolds investigated to date possess both desirable characteristics and issues that limit their clinical applications. Future research investigating the scaffolds presented in this article may, ultimately, point to a protocol for a consistent, clinically-successful regenerative endodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Raddall
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Isabel Mello
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brendan M. Leung
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculties of Medicine and Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Suess PM, Tang Y, Gomer RH. The putative G protein-coupled receptor GrlD mediates extracellular polyphosphate sensing in Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1118-1128. [PMID: 30785840 PMCID: PMC6724513 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Five or more orthophosphates bound together by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds are highly ubiquitous inorganic molecules called polyphosphate. Polyphosphate acts as a signaling molecule eliciting a number of responses in eukaryotic cells, but the mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. Proliferating Dictyostelium discoideum cells accumulate extracellular polyphosphate. At extracellular concentrations similar to those observed in stationary phase cells, polyphosphate inhibits proteasome activity and proliferation, and induces aggregation. Here we identify GrlD as a putative G protein–coupled receptor that mediates binding of extracellular polyphosphate to the cell surface. Cells lacking GrlD do not respond to polyphosphate-induced proteasome inhibition, aggregation, or proliferation inhibition. Polyphosphate also elicits differential effects on cell-substratum adhesion and cytoskeletal F-actin levels based on nutrient availability, and these effects were also mediated by GrlD. Starving cells also accumulate extracellular polyphosphate. Starved cells treated with exopolyphosphatase failed to aggregate effectively, suggesting that polyphosphate also acts as a signaling molecule during starvation-induced development of Dictyostelium. Together, these results suggest that a eukaryotic cell uses a G protein–coupled receptor to mediate the sensing and response to extracellular polyphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Suess
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474
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Küchler EC, Barreiros D, Silva ROD, Abreu JGBD, Teixeira EC, Silva RABD, Silva LABD, Nelson Filho P, Romano FL, Granjeiro JM, Antunes LAA, Antunes LS. Genetic Polymorphism in MMP9 May Be Associated With Anterior Open Bite in Children. Braz Dent J 2018; 28:277-280. [PMID: 29297546 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior open bite (AOB) has a multifactorial etiology caused by the interaction of sucking habits and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between AOB and polymorphisms in genes that encode Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Four hundred and seventy-two children that presented at least one sucking habit were evaluated. Children were examined clinically for the presence of AOB. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms in MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 was carried out by real-time PCR using the TaqMan method. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the groups with and without AOB using the PLINK® software in a free and in a recessive model using a chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was implemented (p≤0.05). Two hundred nineteen children had AOB while 253 did not. The polymorphism rs17576 in MMP9 was significantly associated with AOB (p=0.009). In a recessive model GG genotype was a protective factor for AOB (p=0.014; OR 4.6, 95%CI 1.3-16.2). In the logistic regression analysis, none of the genes was associated with AOB. In conclusion, the polymorphism rs17576 (glutamine for arginine substitution) in MMP9 was a protective factor for AOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Driely Barreiros
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ellen Cardoso Teixeira
- Department of Specific Formation, Dental School of Nova Friburgo, UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Bioengineering Program, INMETRO - Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Xerém, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lívia Azeredo Alves Antunes
- Department of Specific Formation, Dental School of Nova Friburgo, UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santos Antunes
- Clinical Research Unit, UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Specific Formation, Dental School of Nova Friburgo, UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
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Suess PM, Watson J, Chen W, Gomer RH. Extracellular polyphosphate signals through Ras and Akt to prime Dictyostelium discoideum cells for development. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2394-2404. [PMID: 28584190 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear chains of five to hundreds of phosphates called polyphosphate are found in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, but their function is poorly understood. In Dictyostelium discoideum, polyphosphate is used as a secreted signal that inhibits cytokinesis in an autocrine negative feedback loop. To elucidate how cells respond to this unusual signal, we undertook a proteomic analysis of cells treated with physiological levels of polyphosphate and observed that polyphosphate causes cells to decrease levels of actin cytoskeleton proteins, possibly explaining how polyphosphate inhibits cytokinesis. Polyphosphate also causes proteasome protein levels to decrease, and in both Dictyostelium and human leukemia cells, decreases proteasome activity and cell proliferation. Polyphosphate also induces Dictyostelium cells to begin development by increasing expression of the cell-cell adhesion molecule CsA (also known as CsaA) and causing aggregation, and this effect, as well as the inhibition of proteasome activity, is mediated by Ras and Akt proteins. Surprisingly, Ras and Akt do not affect the ability of polyphosphate to inhibit proliferation, suggesting that a branching pathway mediates the effects of polyphosphate, with one branch affecting proliferation, and the other branch affecting development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Suess
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474, USA
| | - Jacob Watson
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474, USA
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474, USA.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474, USA
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Hiyama T, Ozeki N, Hase N, Yamaguchi H, Kawai R, Kondo A, Mogi M, Nakata K. Polyphosphate-induced matrix metalloproteinase-3-mediated differentiation in rat dental pulp fibroblast-like cells. Biosci Trends 2016; 9:360-6. [PMID: 26781793 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2015.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate [Poly(P)] induces differentiation of osteoblastic cells. In this study, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into purified rat dental pulp fibroblast-like cells (DPFCs) to investigate whether MMP-3 activity induced by Poly(P) is associated with cell differentiation into osteogenic cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and an MMP-3 activity assay were used in this study. Poly(P) enhanced expression of mature odontoblast markers dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein (DMP)-1 in DPFCs. These cells also developed an osteogenic phenotype with increased expression of osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP), high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and an increased calcification capacity. Poly(P) induced the expression of MMP-3 mRNA and protein, and increased MMP-3 activity. MMP-3 siRNA potently suppressed the expression of osteogenic biomarkers ALP, OC, OP, DSPP, and DMP-1, and blocked osteogenic calcification. Taken together, Poly(P)-induced MMP-3 regulates differentiation of osteogenic cells from DPFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Hiyama
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Ozeki N, Hase N, Mogi M, Nakata K. RETRACTED: New findings for dentin sialophosphoprotein studies: Applications of purified odontoblast-like cells derived from stem cells. J Oral Biosci 2016; 58:128-133. [PMID: 32512681 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Authors. After the retraction of the article [Hiyama T, Ozeki N, Mogi M, Yamaguchi H, Kawai R, Nakata K, Kondo A, Nakamura H. 2013. Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Odontoblastic Cells Derived from Ips Cells: Unique Proliferation Response as Odontoblastic Cells Derived from ES Cells. PLoS ONE 8(12): e83563. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083563] which contained fabricated/falsified data, the authors attempted to confirm original data for the results presented in their related publications. As a result, they reached a conclusion that there were no original data for the results presented in several their publications. This article was written on the basis of the seven publications retracted or to be retracted and it is no longer reliable. Reference 24: N. Ozeki, M. Mogi, R. Kawai, H. Yamaguchi, T. Hiyama, K. Nakata, H. Nakamura Mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells differentiate into odontoblast-like cells with induction of altered adhesive and migratory phenotype of integrin PLoS One, 8 (2013), p. e80026 Reference 25:R. Kawai, N. Ozeki, H. Yamaguchi, T. Tanaka, K. Nakata, M. Mogi, H. Nakamura Mouse ES cells have a potential to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells using hanging drop method Oral Dis, 20 (2014), pp. 395-403 Reference 26:N. Ozeki, M. Mogi, H. Yamaguchi, T. Hiyama, R. Kawai, N. Hase, K. Nakata, H. Nakamura, R.H. Kramer Differentiation of human skeletal muscle stem cells into odontoblasts is dependent on induction of alpha1 integrin expression J Biol Chem, 289 (2014), pp. 14380-14391 Reference 42:N. Ozeki, N. Hase, R. Kawai, H. Yamaguchi, T. Hiyama, A. Kondo, K. Nakata, M. Mogi Unique proliferation response in odontoblastic cells derived from human skeletal muscle stem cells by cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase-3 Exp Cell Res, 331 (2015), pp. 105-114 Reference 43: N. Ozeki, N. Hase, H. Yamaguchi, T. Hiyama, R. Kawai, A. Kondo, K. Nakata, M. Mogi Polyphosphate induces matrix metalloproteinase-3-mediated proliferation of odontoblast-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells Exp Cell Res, 333 (2015), pp. 303-315 Reference 44: N. Ozeki, R. Kawai, N. Hase, T. Hiyama, H. Yamaguchi, A. Kondo, K. Nakata, M. Mogi Alpha2 integrin, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 act sequentially to induce differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into odontoblast-like Exp Cell Res, 331 (2015), pp. 21-37 Reference 45: N. Ozeki, M. Mogi, N. Hase, T. Hiyama, H. Yamaguchi, R. Kawai, A. Kondo, T. Matsumoto, K. Nakata Autophagy-related gene 5 and Wnt5 signaling pathway requires differentiation of embryonic stem cells into odontoblast-like cells Exp Cell Res, 341 (2016), pp. 92-104 All of the authors except Nobuaki Ozeki have agreed to retract the article. Nobuaki Ozeki, the corresponding author and the first author of the article, left Aichi Gakuin University in March 2018, and does not respond to co-authors inquiries. The authors deeply regret this error and any inconvenience it may have caused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Ozeki
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Naoko Hase
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Makio Mogi
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakata
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
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Ozeki N, Mogi M, Hase N, Hiyama T, Yamaguchi H, Kawai R, Nakata K. Polyphosphate-induced matrix metalloproteinase-13 is required for osteoblast-like cell differentiation in human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:365-371. [PMID: 27773893 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate [Poly(P)] induces differentiation of osteoblastic cells. In this study, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSC) to investigate whether MMP-13 activity induced by Poly(P) is associated with osteogenic differentiation. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and an MMP-13 activity assay were used in this study. Poly(P) enhanced expression of mature osteoblast markers, such as osteocalcin (BGLAP) and osteopontin (SPP1), osterix (OSX), and bone sialoprotein (BSP), and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcification capacity in hAT-MSCs. These cells also developed an osteogenic phenotype with increased expression of Poly(P)-induced expression of MMP-13 mRNA and protein, and increased MMP-13 activity. MMP-13 siRNA potently suppressed the expression of osteogenic biomarkers BGLAP, SPP1, OSX, BSP, and ALP, and blocked osteogenic calcification. Taken together, Poly(P)-induced MMP-13 regulates differentiation of osteogenic cells from hAT-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Ozeki
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Ozeki N, Yamaguchi H, Hase N, Hiyama T, Kawai R, Kondo A, Nakata K, Mogi M. Polyphosphate-induced matrix metalloproteinase-3-mediated proliferation in rat dental pulp fibroblast-like cells is mediated by a Wnt5 signaling cascade. Biosci Trends 2016; 9:160-8. [PMID: 26166369 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2015.01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although it is known that inorganic polyphosphate [Poly(P)] induces differentiation of osteoblasts, there are few reports concerning its effects on cell proliferation, especially in fibroblasts. Because we found that Poly(P) stimulates the proliferation of purified rat dental pulp fibroblast-like cells (DPFCs), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into purified rat DPFCs to investigate whether MMP-3 activity is induced by Poly(P) and/or is associated with cell proliferation in DPFCs. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, an MMP-3 activity assay, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess cell proliferation were used in this study. Poly(P) induced expression of MMP-3 mRNA and protein, and increased MMP-3 activity and cell proliferation. Silencing of MMP-3 expression with siRNA yielded potent and significant suppression of Poly(P)-induced MMP-3 expression and activity, and decreased cell proliferation. Poly(P) also increased mRNA and protein levels of Wnt5 and the Wnt receptor Lrp5/Fzd9. Although exogenous MMP-3 could not induce Wnt5, exogenous Wnt5 was found to increase MMP-3 activity and, interestingly, the proliferation rate of DPFCs. Transfection with Wnt5a siRNA suppressed the Poly(P)-induced increase in MMP-3 expression and suppressed cell proliferation. These results demonstrate the sequential involvement of Wnt5 and MMP-3 in Poly(P)-induced proliferation of DPFCs, and may have relevance in our understanding and ability to improve wound healing following dental pulp injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Ozeki
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Lichko L, Kulakovskaya T. Polyphosphatase PPX1 of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> as a Tool for Polyphosphate Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/aer.2015.34010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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