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Johnson E, Long MB, Chalmers JD. Biomarkers in bronchiectasis. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230234. [PMID: 38960612 PMCID: PMC11220624 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0234-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous disease with multiple aetiologies and diverse clinical features. There is a general consensus that optimal treatment requires precision medicine approaches focused on specific treatable disease characteristics, known as treatable traits. Identifying subtypes of conditions with distinct underlying biology (endotypes) depends on the identification of biomarkers that are associated with disease features, prognosis or treatment response and which can be applied in clinical practice. Bronchiectasis is a disease characterised by inflammation, infection, structural lung damage and impaired mucociliary clearance. Increasingly there are available methods to measure each of these components of the disease, revealing heterogeneous inflammatory profiles, microbiota, radiology and mucus and epithelial biology in patients with bronchiectasis. Using emerging biomarkers and omics technologies to guide treatment in bronchiectasis is a promising field of research. Here we review the most recent data on biomarkers in bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Johnson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Merete B Long
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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2
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Jiang T, Yu T, Jiang L, Qin M, Tong Z. Metabolic syndrome facilitates histopathological changes and the risk of postoperative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111540. [PMID: 38237227 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of MS on histopathological features and postoperative recurrence in patients with CRSwNP. METHODS We recruited 529 patients with CRSwNP who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. They were divided into MS and non-MS groups and followed up for 2 years to evaluate postoperative recurrence. Clinical characteristics, histopathological features, the immunoactivity of signature cytokines, and the risk of postoperative recurrence were compared between the two groups. RESULTS In total, 490 patients with CRSwNP were included in the study, 145 of whom experienced postoperative recurrence. The recurrence rate, tissue eosinophil count and percentage, and expression levels of IL-5 and IL-17A were significantly higher in the MS group compared to the non-MS group. Furthermore, within the MS group, patients who experienced recurrence exhibited higher tissue eosinophil counts and IL-5 and IL-17A levels than those in the non-MS group. Notably, the eosinophil count and IL-5 and IL-17A levels were higher in tissues collected during revision surgery than in those collected during primary surgery, particularly in patients with MS. Binary logistic regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves consistently indicated that MS independently increased the risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with CRSwNP. Furthermore, the risk increased with the number of MS components presented. CONCLUSION MS promoted tissue eosinophil infiltration, and IL-5 and IL-17A expression, and increased the risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with CRSwNP. MS was identified as an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence, and the risk increased with an increase in the number of MS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Mengyao Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Zongjing Tong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China.
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3
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Dubois N, Muñoz-Garcia J, Heymann D, Renodon-Cornière A. High glucose exposure drives intestinal barrier dysfunction by altering its morphological, structural and functional properties. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115765. [PMID: 37619641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
High dietary glucose consumption and hyperglycemia can result in chronic complications. Several studies suggest that high glucose (HG) induces dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. However, the precise changes remain unclear. In our study, we used in vitro models composed of Caco-2 and/or HT29-MTX cells in both monoculture and co-culture to assess the effects of long-term HG exposure on the morphological, structural, and functional properties of the intestinal barrier. Cells were grown in medium containing normal physiologic glucose (NG, 5.5 mM) or a clinically relevant HG (25 mM) concentration until 21 days. Results demonstrated that HG induced morphological changes, with the layers appearing denser and less organized than under physiological conditions, which is in accordance with the increased migration capacity of Caco-2 cells and proliferation properties of HT29-MTX cells. Although we mostly observed a small decrease in mRNA and protein expressions of three junction proteins (ZO-1, OCLN and E-cad) in both Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells cultured in HG medium, confocal microscopy showed that HG induced a remarkable reduction in their immunofluorescence intensity, triggering disruption of their associated structural network. In addition, we highlighted that HG affected different functionalities (permeability, mucus production and alkaline phosphatase activity) of monolayers with Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells. Interestingly, these alterations were stronger in co-culture than in monoculture, suggesting a cross-relationship between enterocytes and goblet cells. Controlling hyperglycemia remains a major therapeutical method for reducing damage to the intestinal barrier and improving therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Dubois
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Javier Muñoz-Garcia
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44322 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44322 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; The University of Sheffield, Dept of Oncology and Metabolism, S102RX Sheffield, UK
| | - Axelle Renodon-Cornière
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44322 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France.
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4
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Uppal P, Mohammed SA, Rajashekar S, Giri Ravindran S, Kakarla M, Ausaja Gambo M, Yousri Salama M, Haidar Ismail N, Tavalla P, Hamid P. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Asthma: Pathomechanisms of Their Association and Clinical Implications. Cureus 2023; 15:e36047. [PMID: 37056543 PMCID: PMC10089620 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and asthma are chronic illnesses concomitantly present in a significant percentage of the population. Their comorbidity is associated with poor disease control and lower quality of life, thus imposing a substantial medical and economic burden worldwide. This review investigates the association between asthma and T2DM, in terms of pathogenesis, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic opportunities. Our review found an increased risk of asthma among diabetics, and vice versa. Having diabetes and poor glycemic control is associated with an increased rate of asthma exacerbations and increased mortality among those hospitalized for asthma exacerbations. The mechanisms postulated for the diabetes-asthma association include chronic low-grade inflammation, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and possibly diabetic pneumopathy. Usage of metformin, which is the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, was found to be associated with a decreased asthma occurrence, asthma exacerbations, and asthma-related hospitalizations. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists were also found to be associated with a lower occurrence of asthma exacerbations. Thiazolidinediones are also associated with lower rates of asthma exacerbations, but their clinical efficacy for the same was suggested to be limited. This literature review supports a partly causative association between asthma and diabetes. This comorbidity leads to poor patient compliance, worse disease outcomes, and poor quality of life. Thus, further studies are warranted to explore the prognostic implications, therapeutic opportunities, and specific clinical practice algorithms for patients with concurrent asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma: Friends or Foes? Cells 2022; 11:cells11213521. [PMID: 36359917 PMCID: PMC9654069 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. A plethora of immune and structural cells are involved in asthma pathogenesis. The roles of neutrophils and their mediators in different asthma phenotypes are largely unknown. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like structures composed of DNA scaffolds, histones and granular proteins released by activated neutrophils. NETs were originally described as a process to entrap and kill a variety of microorganisms. NET formation can be achieved through a cell-death process, termed NETosis, or in association with the release of DNA from viable neutrophils. NETs can also promote the resolution of inflammation by degrading cytokines and chemokines. NETs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various non-infectious conditions, including autoimmunity, cancer and even allergic disorders. Putative surrogate NET biomarkers (e.g., double-strand DNA (dsDNA), myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA), and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)) have been found in different sites/fluids of patients with asthma. Targeting NETs has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in several diseases. However, different NETs and NET components may have alternate, even opposite, consequences on inflammation. Here we review recent findings emphasizing the pathogenic and therapeutic potential of NETs in asthma.
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Xie J, Chen G, Liang T, Li A, Liu W, Wang Y, Wang X, Kuang X, Han D, Liao W, Song L, Zhang X. Childhood asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13858. [PMID: 36156818 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide incidence and prevalence of both asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children have been increasing in past decades. Association between the two diseases has been found in some but not in other studies. OBJECTIVE We conducted a meta-analysis to verify such an association, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis to examine the potential cause-effect relationships. METHODS Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched from their inception to February 1, 2021. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals, were calculated. Associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms with childhood asthma and T1DM were selected based on genome-wide association studies. The outcome datasets were obtained from FinnGen study. We used the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median and MR-Egger methods to estimate causal effects. To assess robustness and horizontal pleiotropy, MR-Egger regression and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test were conducted. RESULTS In meta-analysis, childhood asthma was associated with an increased risk of T1DM (HR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.61, P = .014), whereas T1DM was not associated with the risk of asthma (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.64-1.51, P = .941; OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.65-1.08, P = .168). MR analysis indicated increased genetic risk of T1DM in children with asthma (OR = 1.308; 95% CI 1.030-1.661; P = .028). Analysis using the IVW method indicated no association between T1DM and genetic risk of asthma (OR = 1.027, 95%CI 0.970-1.089, P = .358). CONCLUSION Both meta-analysis and MR study suggested that childhood asthma was a risk factor for T1DM. No epidemiological or genetic evidence was found for an association of T1DM with asthma incidence. Further studies could be carried out to leverage this newfound insight into better clinical and experimental research in asthma and T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianhao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - DeMin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kopf S, Kumar V, Kender Z, Han Z, Fleming T, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. Diabetic Pneumopathy-A New Diabetes-Associated Complication: Mechanisms, Consequences and Treatment Considerations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:765201. [PMID: 34899603 PMCID: PMC8655305 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.765201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are over-represented among the total cases reported with "idiopathic" pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This raises the question, whether this is an association only or whether diabetes itself can cause pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes demonstrated that diabetes causes pulmonary fibrosis. Both types of diabetes trigger a cascade, starting with increased DNA damage, an impaired DNA repair, and leading to persistent DNA damage signaling. This response, in turn, induces senescence, a senescence-associated-secretory phenotype (SASP), marked by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, finally resulting in fibrosis. Restoring DNA repair drives fibrosis into remission, thus proving causality. These data can be translated clinically to patients with type 2 diabetes, characterized by long-term diabetes and albuminuria. Hence there are several arguments, to substitute the term "idiopathic" pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in patients with diabetes (and exclusion of other causes of lung diseases) by the term "diabetes-induced pulmonary fibrosis" (DiPF). However, future studies are required to establish this term and to study whether patients with diabetes respond to the established therapies similar to non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kopf
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kender
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhe Han
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) Translational Diabetes Programme, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter P. Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) Translational Diabetes Programme, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter P. Nawroth,
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8
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Khateeb J, Fuchs E, Khamaisi M. Diabetes and Lung Disease: A Neglected Relationship. Rev Diabet Stud 2019; 15:1-15. [PMID: 30489598 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2019.15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disorder associated with inflammation and oxidative stress which may target many organs such as the kidney, retina, and the vascular system. The pathophysiology, mechanisms, and consequences of diabetes on these organs have been studied widely. However, no work has been done on the concept of the lung as a target organ for diabetes and its implications for lung diseases. AIM In this review, we aimed to investigate the effects of diabetes and hypoglycemic agent on lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer. We also reviewed the potential mechanisms by which these effects may affect lung disease patients. RESULTS Our results suggest that diabetes can affect the severity and clinical course of several lung diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although the diabetes-lung association is epidemiologically and clinically well-established, especially in asthma, the underlying mechanism and pathophysiology are not been fully understood. Several mechanisms have been suggested, mainly associated with the pro-inflammatory and proliferative properties of diabetes, but also in relation to micro- and macrovascular effects of diabetes on the pulmonary vasculature. Also, hypoglycemic drugs may influence lung diseases in different ways. For example, metformin was considered a potential therapeutic agent in lung diseases, while insulin was shown to exacerbate lung diseases; this suggests that their effects extend beyond their hypoglycemic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Khateeb
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Fuchs
- Pulmonary Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Liu X, Chen D, Wu Z, Li J, Li J, Zhao H, Liu T. Ghrelin inhibits high glucose-induced 16HBE cells apoptosis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:902-907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Ye SB, Choi YS, Choi YH, Bae CH, Kim YW, Park SY, Song SY, Kim YD. Effect of High Glucose on MUC5B expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 10:77-84. [PMID: 27384035 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2016.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excessive production of mucus results in plugging of the airway tract, which can increase morbidity and mortality in affected patients. In patients with diabetes, inflammatory airway disease appears with more frequent relapse and longer duration of symptoms. However, the effects of high glucose (HG) on the secretion of mucin in inflammatory respiratory diseases are not clear. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect and the brief signaling pathway of HG on MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS The effect and signaling pathway of HG on MUC5B expression were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay, and immunoblot analysis with specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA. RESULTS HG increased MUC5B expression and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, and activated the phosphorylation of EGFR and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Pretreatment with EGFR inhibitor significantly attenuated the HG-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and pretreatments with p38 inhibitor or EGFR inhibitor significantly attenuated HG-induced MUC5B expression. In addition, knockdown of p38 MAPK by p38 MAPK siRNA significantly blocked HG-induced MUC5B expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HG induces MUC5B expression via the sequential activations of the EGFR/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Baik Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Si-Youn Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea.,Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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11
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Na HG, Bae CH, Choi YS, Song SY, Jin HJ, Kim YD. Effect of High-Insulin on MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC5B Expression in Airway Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.18787/jr.2016.23.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Gyun Na
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Si-Youn Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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