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Kamalesh K, Scher N, Biton T, Schejter ED, Shilo BZ, Avinoam O. Exocytosis by vesicle crumpling maintains apical membrane homeostasis during exocrine secretion. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1603-1616.e6. [PMID: 34102104 PMCID: PMC8191493 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exocrine secretion commonly employs micron-scale vesicles that fuse to a limited apical surface, presenting an extreme challenge for maintaining membrane homeostasis. Using Drosophila melanogaster larval salivary glands, we show that the membranes of fused vesicles undergo actomyosin-mediated folding and retention, which prevents them from incorporating into the apical surface. In addition, the diffusion of proteins and lipids between the fused vesicle and the apical surface is limited. Actomyosin contraction and membrane crumpling are essential for recruiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis to clear the retained vesicular membrane. Finally, we also observe membrane crumpling in secretory vesicles of the mouse exocrine pancreas. We conclude that membrane sequestration by crumpling followed by targeted endocytosis of the vesicular membrane, represents a general mechanism of exocytosis that maintains membrane homeostasis in exocrine tissues that employ large secretory vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Kamalesh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Scher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Biton
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal D Schejter
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ben-Zion Shilo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ori Avinoam
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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2
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Erlichman JS, Leiter JC. Complexity of the Nano-Bio Interface and the Tortuous Path of Metal Oxides in Biological Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040547. [PMID: 33915992 PMCID: PMC8066112 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have received a great deal of attention as potential theranostic agents. Despite extensive work on a wide variety of metal oxide NPs, few chemically active metal oxide NPs have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance. The clinical translation of metal oxide NP activity, which often looks so promising in preclinical studies, has not progressed as rapidly as one might expect. The lack of FDA approval for metal oxide NPs appears to be a consequence of the complex transformation of NP chemistry as any given NP passes through multiple extra- and intracellular environments and interacts with a variety of proteins and transport processes that may degrade or transform the chemical properties of the metal oxide NP. Moreover, the translational models frequently used to study these materials do not represent the final therapeutic environment well, and studies in reduced preparations have, all too frequently, predicted fundamentally different physico-chemical properties from the biological activity observed in intact organisms. Understanding the evolving pharmacology of metal oxide NPs as they interact with biological systems is critical to establish translational test systems that effectively predict future theranostic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Erlichman
- Department of Biology, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY 13617, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(315)-229-5639
| | - James C. Leiter
- White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA;
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3
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Miklavc P, Frick M. Actin and Myosin in Non-Neuronal Exocytosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061455. [PMID: 32545391 PMCID: PMC7348895 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular secretion depends on exocytosis of secretory vesicles and discharge of vesicle contents. Actin and myosin are essential for pre-fusion and post-fusion stages of exocytosis. Secretory vesicles depend on actin for transport to and attachment at the cell cortex during the pre-fusion phase. Actin coats on fused vesicles contribute to stabilization of large vesicles, active vesicle contraction and/or retrieval of excess membrane during the post-fusion phase. Myosin molecular motors complement the role of actin. Myosin V is required for vesicle trafficking and attachment to cortical actin. Myosin I and II members engage in local remodeling of cortical actin to allow vesicles to get access to the plasma membrane for membrane fusion. Myosins stabilize open fusion pores and contribute to anchoring and contraction of actin coats to facilitate vesicle content release. Actin and myosin function in secretion is regulated by a plethora of interacting regulatory lipids and proteins. Some of these processes have been first described in non-neuronal cells and reflect adaptations to exocytosis of large secretory vesicles and/or secretion of bulky vesicle cargoes. Here we collate the current knowledge and highlight the role of actomyosin during distinct phases of exocytosis in an attempt to identify unifying molecular mechanisms in non-neuronal secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pika Miklavc
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +44-0161-295-3395 (P.M.); +49-731-500-23115 (M.F.); Fax: +49-731-500-23242 (M.F.)
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +44-0161-295-3395 (P.M.); +49-731-500-23115 (M.F.); Fax: +49-731-500-23242 (M.F.)
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4
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Dynamic polyhedral actomyosin lattices remodel micron-scale curved membranes during exocytosis in live mice. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:933-939. [PMID: 31358965 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Actomyosin networks, the cell's major force production machineries, remodel cellular membranes during myriad dynamic processes1,2 by assembling into various architectures with distinct force generation properties3,4. While linear and branched actomyosin architectures are well characterized in cell-culture and cell-free systems3, it is not known how actin and myosin networks form and function to remodel membranes in complex three-dimensional mammalian tissues. Here, we use four-dimensional spinning-disc confocal microscopy with image deconvolution to acquire macromolecular-scale detail of dynamic actomyosin networks in exocrine glands of live mice. We address how actin and myosin organize around large membrane-bound secretory vesicles and generate the forces required to complete exocytosis5-7. We find that actin and non-muscle myosin II (NMII) assemble into previously undescribed polyhedral-like lattices around the vesicle membrane. The NMII lattice comprises bipolar minifilaments8-10 as well as non-canonical three-legged configurations. Using photobleaching and pharmacological perturbations in vivo, we show that actomyosin contractility and actin polymerization together push on the underlying vesicle membrane to overcome the energy barrier and complete exocytosis7. Our imaging approach thus unveils a force-generating actomyosin lattice that regulates secretion in the exocrine organs of live animals.
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5
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Ebrahim S, Liu J, Weigert R. The Actomyosin Cytoskeleton Drives Micron-Scale Membrane Remodeling In Vivo Via the Generation of Mechanical Forces to Balance Membrane Tension Gradients. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800032. [PMID: 30080263 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of biological membranes is crucial for a vast number of cellular activities and is an inherently multiscale process in both time and space. Seminal work has provided important insights into nanometer-scale membrane deformations, and highlighted the remarkable variation and complexity in the underlying molecular machineries and mechanisms. However, how membranes are remodeled at the micron-scale, particularly in vivo, remains poorly understood. Here, we discuss how using regulated exocytosis of large (1.5-2.0 μm) membrane-bound secretory granules in the salivary gland of live mice as a model system, has provided evidence for the importance of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in micron-scale membrane remodeling in physiological conditions. We highlight some of these advances, and present mechanistic hypotheses for how the various biochemical and biophysical properties of distinct actomyosin networks may drive this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Milberg O, Shitara A, Ebrahim S, Masedunskas A, Tora M, Tran DT, Chen Y, Conti MA, Adelstein RS, Ten Hagen KG, Weigert R. Concerted actions of distinct nonmuscle myosin II isoforms drive intracellular membrane remodeling in live animals. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1925-1936. [PMID: 28600434 PMCID: PMC5496622 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201612126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms regulating this process within cells in mammalian tissues in situ remain largely unknown. In this study, we use intravital subcellular microscopy in live mice to study the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in driving the remodeling of membranes of large secretory granules, which are integrated into the plasma membrane during regulated exocytosis. We show that two isoforms of nonmuscle myosin II, NMIIA and NMIIB, control distinct steps of the integration process. Furthermore, we find that F-actin is not essential for the recruitment of NMII to the secretory granules but plays a key role in the assembly and activation of NMII into contractile filaments. Our data support a dual role for the actomyosin cytoskeleton in providing the mechanical forces required to remodel the lipid bilayer and serving as a scaffold to recruit key regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Milberg
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Akiko Shitara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Seham Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrius Masedunskas
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sidney, Australia
| | - Muhibullah Tora
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Duy T Tran
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yun Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mary Anne Conti
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD .,Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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7
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Stoeckelhuber M, Loeffelbein DJ, Olzowy B, Schmitz C, Koerdt S, Kesting MR. Labial Salivary Glands in Infants: Histochemical Analysis of Cytoskeletal and Antimicrobial Proteins. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 64:502-10. [PMID: 27439958 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416656940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human labial glands secrete mucous and serous substances for maintaining oral health. The normal microbial flora of the oral cavity is regulated by the acquired and innate immune systems. The localization and distribution of proteins of the innate immune system were investigated in serous acinar cells and the ductal system by the method of immunohistochemistry. Numerous antimicrobial proteins could be detected in the labial glands: β-defensin-1, -2, -3; lysozyme; lactoferrin; and cathelicidin. Cytoskeletal components such as actin, myosin II, cytokeratins 7 and 19, α- and β-tubulin were predominantly observed in apical cell regions and may be involved in secretory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Stoeckelhuber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (MS, DJL, SK, MRK)
| | - Denys J Loeffelbein
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (MS, DJL, SK, MRK)
| | - Bernhard Olzowy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (BO)
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (CS)
| | - Steffen Koerdt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (MS, DJL, SK, MRK)
| | - Marco R Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (MS, DJL, SK, MRK)
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Abstract
Real-time imaging of regulated exocytosis in secreting organs can provide unprecedented temporal and spatial detail. Here, we highlight recent advances in 3D time-lapse imaging in Drosophila salivary glands at single-granule resolution. Using fluorescently labeled proteins expressed in the fly, it is now possible to image the dynamics of vesicle biogenesis and the cytoskeletal factors involved in secretion. 3D imaging over time allows one to visualize and define the temporal sequence of events, including clearance of cortical actin, fusion pore formation, mixing of the vesicular and plasma membranes and recruitment of components of the cytoskeleton. We will also discuss the genetic tools available in the fly that allow one to interrogate the essential factors involved in secretory vesicle formation, cargo secretion and the ultimate integration of the vesicular and plasma membranes. We argue that the combination of high-resolution real-time imaging and powerful genetics provides a platform to investigate the role of any factor in regulated secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T Tran
- Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Belmonte SA, Mayorga LS, Tomes CN. The Molecules of Sperm Exocytosis. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2016; 220:71-92. [PMID: 27194350 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30567-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exocytosis is a fundamental process used by eukaryotic cells to release biological compounds and to insert lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane. Specialized secretory cells undergo regulated exocytosis in response to physiological signals. Sperm exocytosis or acrosome reaction (AR) is essentially a regulated secretion with special characteristics. We will focus here on some of these unique features, covering the topology, kinetics, and molecular mechanisms that prepare, drive, and regulate membrane fusion during the AR. Last, we will compare acrosomal release with exocytosis in other model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Belmonte
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología, IHEM-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Luis S Mayorga
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología, IHEM-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Claudia N Tomes
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología, IHEM-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina.
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10
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Mercier L, Böhm J, Fekonja N, Allio G, Lutz Y, Koch M, Goetz JG, Laporte J. In vivo imaging of skeletal muscle in mice highlights muscle defects in a model of myotubular myopathy. INTRAVITAL 2016; 5:e1168553. [PMID: 28243519 DOI: 10.1080/21659087.2016.1168553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle structure and function are altered in different myopathies. However, the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms mainly rely on in vitro and ex vivo investigations in mammalian models. In order to monitor in vivo the intracellular structure of the neuromuscular system in its environment under normal and pathological conditions, we set-up and validated non-invasive imaging of ear and leg muscles in mice. This original approach allows simultaneous imaging of different cellular and intracellular structures such as neuromuscular junctions and sarcomeres, reconstruction of the 3D architecture of the neuromuscular system, and video recording of dynamic events such as spontaneous muscle fiber contraction. Second harmonic generation was combined with vital dyes and fluorescent-coupled molecules. Skin pigmentation, although limiting, did not prevent intravital imaging. Using this versatile toolbox on the Mtm1 knockout mouse, a model for myotubular myopathy which is a severe congenital myopathy in human, we identified several hallmarks of the disease such as defects in fiber size and neuromuscular junction shape. Intravital imaging of the neuromuscular system paves the way for the follow-up of disease progression or/and disease amelioration upon therapeutic tests. It has also the potential to reduce the number of animals needed to reach scientific conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Mercier
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, France; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Johann Böhm
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Collège de France, Chaire de Génétique Humaine, Illkirch, France
| | - Nina Fekonja
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, France; LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Allio
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, France; LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Lutz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Marc Koch
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, France; LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Collège de France, Chaire de Génétique Humaine, Illkirch, France
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