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Kim TY, Kim EN, Jeong GS. Therapeutic Effects of Hinokitiol through Regulating the SIRT1/NOX4 against Ligature-Induced Experimental Periodontitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:550. [PMID: 38790655 PMCID: PMC11118509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hinokitiol (HKT) is one of the essential oil components found in the heartwood of Cupressaceae plants, and has been reported to have various bioactive effects, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the improving effect of HKT on periodontitis, which is characterized by periodontal tissue inflammation and alveolar bone loss, has not been clearly revealed. Therefore, we investigated the periodontitis-alleviating effect of HKT and the related molecular mechanisms in human periodontal ligament cells. According to the study results, HKT downregulated SIRT1 and NOX4, which were increased by Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) stimulation and were found to regulate pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress through SIRT1/NOX4 signals. Additionally, by increasing the expression of osteogenic makers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteogenic induction of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells, which had been reduced by PG-LPS, was restored. Furthermore, we confirmed that NOX4 expression was regulated through regulation of SIRT1 expression with HKT. The in vitro effect of HKT on improving periodontitis was proven using the periodontal inflammation model, which induces periodontal inflammation using ligature, a representative in vivo model. According to in vivo results, HKT alleviated periodontal inflammation and restored damaged alveolar bone in a concentration-dependent manner in the periodontal inflammation model. Through this experiment, the positive effects of HKT on relieving periodontal tissue inflammation and recovering damaged alveolar bone, which are important treatment strategies for periodontitis, were confirmed. Therefore, these results suggest that HKT has potential in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (T.-Y.K.); (E.-N.K.)
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Xu H, Zeng S, Wang Y, Yang T, Wang M, Li X, He Y, Peng X, Li X, Qiao Q, Zhang J. Cytoplasmic SIRT1 promotes paclitaxel resistance in ovarian carcinoma through increased formation and survival of polyploid giant cancer cells. J Pathol 2023; 261:210-226. [PMID: 37565313 DOI: 10.1002/path.6167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance is a notable cause of death in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), commonly arising in tumor tissues following chemotherapy, have recently been considered to contribute to drug resistance. As a type III deacetylase, Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) plays essential roles in the cell cycle, cellular senescence, and drug resistance. Accumulating evidence has suggested that alteration in its subcellular localization via nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is a critical process influencing the functions of SIRT1. However, the roles of SIRT1 subcellular localization in PGCC formation and subsequent senescence escape remain unclear. In this study, we compared the differences in the polyploid cell population and senescence state of PGCCs following paclitaxel treatment between tumor cells overexpressing wild-type SIRT1 (WT SIRT1) and those expressing nuclear localization sequence (NLS)-mutated SIRT1 (SIRT1NLSmt ). We investigated the involvement of cytoplasmic SIRT1 in biological processes and signaling pathways, including the cell cycle and cellular senescence, in ovarian carcinoma cells' response to paclitaxel treatment. We found that the SIRT1NLSmt tumor cell population contained more polyploid cells and fewer senescent PGCCs than the SIRT1-overexpressing tumor cell population. Comparative proteomic analyses using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS showed the differences in the differentially expressed proteins related to PGCC formation, cell growth, and death, including CDK1 and CDK2, between SIRT1NLSmt and SIRT1 cells or PGCCs. Our results suggested that ovarian carcinoma cells utilize polyploidy formation as a survival mechanism during exposure to paclitaxel-based treatment via the effect of cytoplasmic SIRT1 on PGCC formation and survival, thereby boosting paclitaxel resistance. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shujun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Pathology, No. 971 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Minmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yejun He
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qing Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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Skopek R, Palusińska M, Kaczor-Keller K, Pingwara R, Papierniak-Wyglądała A, Schenk T, Lewicki S, Zelent A, Szymański Ł. Choosing the Right Cell Line for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5377. [PMID: 36982453 PMCID: PMC10049680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immortalized cell lines are widely used in vitro tools in oncology and hematology research. While these cell lines represent artificial systems and may accumulate genetic aberrations with each passage, they are still considered valuable models for pilot, preliminary, and screening studies. Despite their limitations, cell lines are cost-effective and provide repeatable and comparable results. Choosing the appropriate cell line for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) research is crucial for obtaining reliable and relevant results. Several factors should be considered when selecting a cell line for AML research, such as specific markers and genetic abnormalities associated with different subtypes of AML. It is also essential to evaluate the karyotype and mutational profile of the cell line, as these can influence the behavior and response to the treatment of the cells. In this review, we evaluate immortalized AML cell lines and discuss the issues surrounding them concerning the revised World Health Organization and the French-American-British classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Skopek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Palusińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczor-Keller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Rafał Pingwara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tino Schenk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 00-001 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Zelent
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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4
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Lee JH, Kang HI, Kim S, Ahn YB, Kim H, Hong JK, Baik JY. NAD + supplementation improves mAb productivity in CHO cells via a glucose metabolic shift. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200570. [PMID: 36717516 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis and its by-product lactate accumulation are usually associated with adverse culture phenotypes such as poor cell viability and productivity. Due to the lack of knowledge on underlying mechanisms and accompanying biological processes, the regulation of aerobic glycolysis has been an ongoing challenge in culture process development for therapeutic protein productivity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ), a coenzyme and co-substrate in energy metabolism, promotes the conversion of inefficient glycolysis into an efficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. However, the effect of NAD+ on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for biopharmaceutical production has not been reported yet. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the influence of NAD+ on cell culture performance by examining metabolic shifts and mAb productivity. The supplementation of NAD+ increased the intracellular concentration of NAD+ and promoted SIRT3 expression. Antibody titer and the specific productivity in the growth phase were improved by up to 1.82- and 1.88-fold, respectively, with marginal restrictions on cell growth. NAD+ significantly reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the lactate yield from glucose, determined by lactate accumulation versus glucose consumption (YLAC/GLC ). In contrast, OXPHOS capacity and amino acid consumption rate increased substantially. Collectively, these results suggest that NAD+ contributes to improving therapeutic protein productivity in bioprocessing via inducing an energy metabolic shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Im Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Suheon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yeong Bin Ahn
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hagyeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Kwang Hong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youn Baik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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5
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Yang G, Collins JM, Rafiee R, Singh S, Langaee T, McDonough CW, Holliday LS, Wang D, Lamba JK, Kim YS, Pelliccioni GA, Vaszilko M, Kosa JP, Balla B, Lakatos PA, Katz J, Moreb J, Gong Y. SIRT1 Gene SNP rs932658 Is Associated With Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:347-356. [PMID: 32967053 PMCID: PMC8733933 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but serious adverse drug reaction. Our previous whole-exome sequencing study found SIRT1 intronic region single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7896005 to be associated with MRONJ in cancer patients treated with intravenous (iv) bisphosphonates (BPs). This study aimed to identify causal variants for this association. In silico analyses identified three SNPs (rs3758391, rs932658, and rs2394443) in the SIRT1 promoter region that are in high linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) with rs7896005. To validate the association between these SNPs and MRONJ, we genotyped these three SNPs on the germline DNA from 104 cancer patients of European ancestry treated with iv BPs (46 cases and 58 controls). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the minor alleles of these three SNPs were associated with lower odds for MRONJ. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) and p values were 0.351 (0.164-0.751; p = 0.007) for rs3758391, 0.351 (0.164-0.751; p = 0.007) for rs932658, and 0.331 (0.157-0.697; p = 0.0036) for rs2394443, respectively. In the reporter gene assays, constructs containing rs932658 with variant allele A had higher luciferase activity than the reference allele, whereas constructs containing SNP rs3758391 and/or rs2394443 did not significantly affect activity. These results indicate that the promoter SNP rs932658 regulates the expression of SIRT1 and presumably lowers the risk of MRONJ by increasing SIRT1 expression. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph M Collins
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roya Rafiee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sonal Singh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taimour Langaee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L Shannon Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Danxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jatinder K Lamba
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Young Sick Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gian Andrea Pelliccioni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Dentistry-Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mihaly Vaszilko
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University Dental School, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos P Kosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Balla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter A Lakatos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joseph Katz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jan Moreb
- Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center, Hematology, Transplantation, and Cellular Therapy Division, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
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6
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Popov A, Klimovich A, Styshova O, Moskovkina T, Shchekotikhin A, Grammatikova N, Dezhenkova L, Kaluzhny D, Deriabin P, Gerasimenko A, Udovenko A, Stonik V. Design, synthesis and biomedical evaluation of mostotrin, a new water soluble tryptanthrin derivative. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1335-1346. [PMID: 32945360 PMCID: PMC7447309 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mostotrin (MT), a novel compound, at least five orders of magnitude more soluble in water than its mother substance, was designed and synthesised from tryptanthrin (TR). Its structure was established by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data and confirmed by X-ray analysis, revealing that MT is a pentacyclic product with an additional pseudo-cycle formed with the participation of one intramolecular hydrogen bond. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic action against tumour cells in vitro, as well as anti-tumour effects, acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo, were evaluated. Antimicrobial proper-ties of MT against Mycobacterium spp and Bacillus cereus ATCC 10702 appeared to be the same as that of TR, but against the other strains used it was weaker. Furthermore, MT exhibited 5-10 times higher cytotoxic activities against tumour cell lines HCT-116, MCF-7 and K-562 than TR, but was less toxic than TR (LD50 of MT was 375 mg/kg, while LD50 for TR was 75 mg/kg). Additionally, compounds MT and TR were studied in DNA binding tests. The quenching of its fluorescence on addition to DNA solution established MT to be capable of binding to DNA. Its anti-tumour action in vivo on mice with the ascitic form of Ehrlich carcinoma was promising, particularly with joint application of MT and the antitumour drug doxorubicin. In this model, the survival and life span for the doxorubicin and 1 co-treatment group were significantly higher compared to doxorubicin treatment alone. The compound MT showed a lower immunosuppressive effect than TR at the early stages of inflammation induced in mice by LPS from E. coli (MT hardly inhibited the release of IL-1, IL-2, or INF-γ). These results demonstrated that MT is a perspective hit compound for drug development. In our opinion, further evaluation on the biological effects of MT and its synthetic analogues could lead to safer and more effective anti-tumour and anti-tuberculosis agents than TR itself. MT has also the prospect of application in combination with known anti-tumour drugs for the treatment of oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Popov
- Department of Biotechnology, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 69022, Russia
| | - Anna Klimovich
- Department of Biotechnology, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 69022, Russia
| | - Olga Styshova
- Department of Biotechnology, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 69022, Russia
| | - Taisiya Moskovkina
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690920, Russia
| | - Andrey Shchekotikhin
- Department of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gauze Research Institute for The Search for New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Natalia Grammatikova
- Department of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gauze Research Institute for The Search for New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Lyubov Dezhenkova
- Department of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gauze Research Institute for The Search for New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kaluzhny
- Department of DNA‑protein Interactions, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Peter Deriabin
- Department of DNA‑protein Interactions, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Gerasimenko
- Department of of X‑ray Analysis, Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 69022, Russia
| | - Anatoly Udovenko
- Department of of X‑ray Analysis, Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 69022, Russia
| | - Valentin Stonik
- Department of Biotechnology, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 69022, Russia
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7
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Harsha M, Mohan Kumar KP, Kagathur S, Amberkar VS. Effect of Ocimum sanctum extract on leukemic cell lines: A preliminary in-vitro study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:93-98. [PMID: 32508455 PMCID: PMC7269281 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_181_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Surge of cancer incidence, effects of chemotherapeutic agents and their cost and reduced survival and responsiveness to treatment have led to shift of attention of researchers toward herbal remedies to look for newer dimension in cancer therapy. Ocimum sanctum, Holy Basil or Tulsi, holiest herb well used in the Indian household, has drawn much attention toward its various health benefits, especially anti-cancer property. The present study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of O. sanctum on leukemic cell lines K562. Materials and Methods: Dry and aqueous extracts of two types of Tulsi leaves (Rama Tulsi and Krishna Tulsi) were evaluated for a dose-dependent cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative against K562 cell lines, leukoerythroid progenitor leukemic cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration was evaluated for each of the extracts. Results: Both dry and aqueous extracts of both types of Tulsi leaves demonstrated a significant amount of cytotoxicity against the studied cell lines. Conclusion: This being preliminary study, we propose the initial finding of cytotoxic abilities of the herb against the leukemic cell lines and recommend a more detailed evaluation of the herb and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harsha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajanagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K P Mohan Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Kagathur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brandon Regional Hospital, Brandon, FL, USA
| | - Vikram S Amberkar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Wang P, Lu Y, Han D, Wang P, Ren L, Bi J, Liang J. Neuroprotection by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 with involvement of autophagy in an aged rat model of transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146391. [PMID: 31421130 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent researches suggest that autophagic degradation declines with age, and this leads to an accumulation of damage that contributes to age-related cellular dysfunction. Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (NMNAT1) shows therapeutic potential for cerebral ischemia in young-adult animals. This study investigated the role of NMNAT1 in focal cerebral ischemia in aged rats with a focus on neuronal autophagy. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in aged rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). NMNAT1 levels in the peri-infarct penumbra increased at 12 and 24 h after ischemia in aged rats. Knockdown of NMNAT1 significantly increased infarct volume, whereas overexpression of NMNAT1 reduced ischemia-induced cerebral injuries in aged rats with acute ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, lentiviral overexpression of NMNAT1 increased autophagy, reduced the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and enhanced the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein level. In cultured cortical neurons, SIRT1 regulated the mTOR-mediated autophagy upon oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) stress and the effect of NMNAT1 on autophagy was blocked in cultured SIRT1-knockout neurons. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) partly abolished the neuroprotection induced by NMNAT1 overexpression. The results suggest NMNAT1 protects against acute ischemic stroke in aged rats by inducing autophagy via regulating the SIRT1/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yijun Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Donghe Han
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Bi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Institute of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
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9
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Li Y, Wu S. Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses hepatic cholesterol synthesis by targeting SREBP-2 through SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:175-185. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Hwang ES, Song SB. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1 in vitro, but can be a stimulator in cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3347-3362. [PMID: 28417163 PMCID: PMC11107671 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM), a form of vitamin B3, plays essential roles in cell physiology through facilitating NAD+ redox homeostasis and providing NAD+ as a substrate to a class of enzymes that catalyze non-redox reactions. These non-redox enzymes include the sirtuin family proteins which deacetylate target proteins while cleaving NAD+ to yield NAM. Since the finding that NAM exerts feedback inhibition to the sirtuin reactions, NAM has been widely used as an inhibitor in the studies where SIRT1, a key member of sirtuins, may have a role in certain cell physiology. However, once administered to cells, NAM is rapidly converted to NAD+ and, therefore, the cellular concentration of NAM decreases rapidly while that of NAD+ increases. The result would be an inhibition of SIRT1 for a limited duration, followed by an increase in the activity. This possibility raises a concern on the validity of the interpretation of the results in the studies that use NAM as a SIRT1 inhibitor. To understand better the effects of cellular administration of NAM, we reviewed published literature in which treatment with NAM was used to inhibit SIRT1 and found that the expected inhibitory effect of NAM was either unreliable or muted in many cases. In addition, studies demonstrated NAM administration stimulates SIRT1 activity and improves the functions of cells and organs. To determine if NAM administration can generate conditions in cells and tissues that are stimulatory to SIRT1, the changes in the cellular levels of NAM and NAD+ reported in the literature were examined and the factors that are involved in the availability of NAD+ to SIRT1 were evaluated. We conclude that NAM treatment can hypothetically be stimulatory to SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemungu, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemungu, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
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