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Najm M, Martignetti L, Cornet M, Kelly-Aubert M, Sermet I, Calzone L, Stoven V. From CFTR to a CF signalling network: a systems biology approach to study Cystic Fibrosis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:892. [PMID: 39342081 PMCID: PMC11438383 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene coding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) protein, but its overall physio-pathology cannot be solely explained by the loss of the CFTR chloride channel function. Indeed, CFTR belongs to a yet not fully deciphered network of proteins participating in various signalling pathways. METHODS We propose a systems biology approach to study how the absence of the CFTR protein at the membrane leads to perturbation of these pathways, resulting in a panel of deleterious CF cellular phenotypes. RESULTS Based on publicly available transcriptomic datasets, we built and analyzed a CF network that recapitulates signalling dysregulations. The CF network topology and its resulting phenotypes were found to be consistent with CF pathology. CONCLUSION Analysis of the network topology highlighted a few proteins that may initiate the propagation of dysregulations, those that trigger CF cellular phenotypes, and suggested several candidate therapeutic targets. Although our research is focused on CF, the global approach proposed in the present paper could also be followed to study other rare monogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Najm
- Center for Computational Biology (CBIO), Mines Paris-PSL, 75006, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
- INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Loredana Martignetti
- Center for Computational Biology (CBIO), Mines Paris-PSL, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Cornet
- Center for Computational Biology (CBIO), Mines Paris-PSL, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Mairead Kelly-Aubert
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Mucoviscidose et Maladies Apparentées, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades AP-HP Centre Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Calzone
- Center for Computational Biology (CBIO), Mines Paris-PSL, 75006, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
- INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Véronique Stoven
- Center for Computational Biology (CBIO), Mines Paris-PSL, 75006, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
- INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France.
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Oxidized Alginate Dopamine Conjugate: A Study to Gain Insight into Cell/Particle Interactions. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040201. [PMID: 36412842 PMCID: PMC9680352 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We had previously synthetized a macromolecular prodrug consisting of oxidized Alginate and dopamine (AlgOx-Da) for a potential application in Parkinson disease (PD). Methods: In the present work, we aimed at gaining an insight into the interactions occurring between AlgOx-Da and SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines in view of further studies oriented towards PD treatment. With the scope of ascertaining changes in the external and internal structure of the cells, multiple methodologies were adopted. Firstly, fluorescently labeled AlgOx-Da conjugate was synthetized in the presence of fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC), providing FITC-AlgOx-Da, which did not alter SH-SY5Y cell viability according to the sulforhodamine B test. Furthermore, the uptake of FITC-AlgOx-Da by the SH-SY5Y cells was studied using scanning near-field optical microscopy and assessments of cell morphology over time were carried out using atomic force microscopy. Results: Notably, the AFM methodology confirmed that no relevant damage occurred to the neuronal cells. Regarding the effects of DA on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, AlgOx-Da reduced them in comparison to free DA, while AlgOx did almost not influence ROS production. Conclusions: these findings seem promising for designing in vivo studies aiming at administering Oxidized Alginate Dopamine Conjugate for PD treatment.
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Pankonien I, Quaresma MC, Rodrigues CS, Amaral MD. CFTR, Cell Junctions and the Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052688. [PMID: 35269829 PMCID: PMC8910340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-organ disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP regulated chloride (Cl−) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) ion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells. Reduced CFTR protein results in decreased Cl− secretion and excessive sodium reabsorption in epithelial cells, which consequently leads to epithelial dehydration and the accumulation of thick mucus within the affected organs, such as the lungs, pancreas, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, reproductive system and sweat glands. However, CFTR has been implicated in other functions besides transporting ions across epithelia. The rising number of references concerning its association to actin cytoskeleton organization, epithelial cell junctions and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins suggests a role in the formation and maintenance of epithelial apical basolateral polarity. This review will focus on recent literature (the last 10 years) substantiating the role of CFTR in cell junction formation and actin cytoskeleton organization with its connection to the ECM.
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Epithelial barrier function properties of the 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cell culture model. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226530. [PMID: 32985670 PMCID: PMC7569203 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The human bronchial epithelial cell line, 16HBE14o- (16HBE), is widely used as a model for respiratory epithelial diseases and barrier function. During differentiation, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) increased to approximately 800 Ohms × cm2, while 14C-d-mannitol flux rates (Jm) simultaneously decreased. Tight junctions (TJs) were shown by diffusion potential studies to be anion-selective with PC1/PNa = 1.9. Transepithelial leakiness could be induced by the phorbol ester, protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Basal barrier function could not be improved by the micronutrients, zinc, or quercetin. Of methodological significance, TER was observed to be more variable and to spontaneously, significantly decrease after initial barrier formation, whereas Jm did not significantly fluctuate or increase. Unlike the strong inverse relationship between TER and Jm during differentiation, differentiated cell layers manifested no relationship between TER and Jm. There was also much greater variability for TER values compared with Jm. Investigating the dependence of 16HBE TER on transcellular ion conductance, inhibition of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) chloride channel with GlyH-101 produced a large decrease in short-circuit current (Isc) and a slight increase in TER, but no significant change in Jm. A strong temperature dependence was observed not only for Isc, but also for TER. In summary, research utilizing 16HBE as a model in airway barrier function studies needs to be aware of the complexity of TER as a parameter of barrier function given the influence of CFTR-dependent transcellular conductance on TER.
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Pathophysiology of Lung Disease and Wound Repair in Cystic Fibrosis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:155-188. [PMID: 35366275 PMCID: PMC8830450 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, life-threatening condition affecting many organs and tissues, the lung disease being the chief cause of morbidity and mortality. Mutations affecting the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene determine the expression of a dysfunctional protein that, in turn, triggers a pathophysiological cascade, leading to airway epithelium injury and remodeling. In vitro and in vivo studies point to a dysregulated regeneration and wound repair in CF airways, to be traced back to epithelial CFTR lack/dysfunction. Subsequent altered ion/fluid fluxes and/or signaling result in reduced cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears to be partially triggered in CF, contributing to wound closure alteration. Finally, we pose our attention to diverse approaches to tackle this defect, discussing the therapeutic role of protease inhibitors, CFTR modulators and mesenchymal stem cells. Although the pathophysiology of wound repair in CF has been disclosed in some mechanisms, further studies are warranted to understand the cellular and molecular events in more details and to better address therapeutic interventions.
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Liu L, Stephens B, Bergman M, May A, Chiang T. Role of Collagen in Airway Mechanics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 33467161 PMCID: PMC7830870 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant airway extracellular matrix component and is the primary determinant of mechanical airway properties. Abnormal airway collagen deposition is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of airway disease. Thus, understanding how collagen affects healthy airway tissue mechanics is essential. The impact of abnormal collagen deposition and tissue stiffness has been an area of interest in pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we discuss (1) the role of collagen in airway mechanics, (2) macro- and micro-scale approaches to quantify airway mechanics, and (3) pathologic changes associated with collagen deposition in airway diseases. These studies provide important insights into the role of collagen in airway mechanics. We summarize their achievements and seek to provide biomechanical clues for targeted therapies and regenerative medicine to treat airway pathology and address airway defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumei Liu
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA;
| | - Brooke Stephens
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Maxwell Bergman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Anne May
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA;
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Callaghan PJ, Rybakovsky E, Ferrick B, Thomas S, Mullin JM. Retinoic acid improves baseline barrier function and attenuates TNF-α-induced barrier leak in human bronchial epithelial cell culture model, 16HBE 14o. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242536. [PMID: 33301441 PMCID: PMC7728186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to improve epithelial and endothelial barrier function and development and even suppress damage inflicted by inflammation on these barriers through regulating immune cell activity. This paper thus sought to determine whether RA could improve baseline barrier function and attenuate TNF-α-induced barrier leak in the human bronchial epithelial cell culture model, 16HBE14o- (16HBE). We show for the first time that RA increases baseline barrier function of these cell layers indicated by an 89% increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and 22% decrease in 14C-mannitol flux. A simultaneous, RA-induced 70% increase in claudin-4 attests to RA affecting the tight junctional (TJ) complex itself. RA was also effective in alleviating TNF-α-induced 16HBE barrier leak, attenuating 60% of the TNF-α-induced leak to 14C-mannitol and 80% of the leak to 14C-inulin. Interleukin-6-induced barrier leak was also reduced by RA. Treatment of 16HBE cell layers with TNF-α resulted in dramatic decrease in immunostaining for occludin and claudin-4, as well as a downward “band-shift” in occludin Western immunoblots. The presence of RA partially reversed TNF-α’s effects on these select TJ proteins. Lastly, RA completely abrogated the TNF-α-induced increase in ERK-1,2 phosphorylation without significantly decreasing the TNF-driven increase in total ERK-1,2. This study suggests RA could be effective as a prophylactic agent in minimizing airway barrier leak and as a therapeutic in preventing leak triggered by inflammatory cascades. Given the growing literature suggesting a “cytokine storm” may be related to COVID-19 morbidity, RA may be a useful adjuvant for use with anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Callaghan
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Rybakovsky
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Bryan Ferrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sunil Thomas
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - James M. Mullin
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Huang W, Tan M, Wang Y, Liu L, Pan Y, Li J, Ouyang M, Long C, Qu X, Liu H, Liu C, Wang J, Deng L, Xiang Y, Qin X. Increased intracellular Cl - concentration improves airway epithelial migration by activating the RhoA/ROCK Pathway. Theranostics 2020; 10:8528-8540. [PMID: 32754261 PMCID: PMC7392015 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the airway, Cl- is the most abundant anion and is critically involved in transepithelial transport. The correlation of the abnormal expression and activation of chloride channels (CLCs), such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators (CFTRs), anoctamin-1, and CLC-2, with cell migration capability suggests a relationship between defective Cl- transport and epithelial wound repair. However, whether a correlation exists between intracellular Cl- and airway wound repair capability has not been explored thus far, and the underlying mechanisms involved in this relationship are not fully defined. Methods: In this work, the alteration of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) was measured by using a chloride-sensitive fluorescent probe (N-[ethoxycarbonylmethyl]-6-methoxyquinolium bromide). Results: We found that clamping with high [Cl-]i and 1 h of treatment with the CLC inhibitor CFTR blocker CFTRinh-172 and chloride intracellular channel inhibitor IAA94 increased intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) in airway epithelial cells. This effect improved epithelial cell migration. In addition, increased [Cl-]i in cells promoted F-actin reorganization, decreased cell stiffness, and improved RhoA activation and LIMK1/2 phosphorylation. Treatment with the ROCK inhibitor of Y-27632 and ROCK1 siRNA significantly attenuated the effects of increased [Cl-]i on LIMK1/2 activation and cell migration. In addition, intracellular Ca2+ concentration was unaffected by [Cl-]i clamping buffers and CFTRinh-172 and IAA94. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggested that Cl- accumulation in airway epithelial cells could activate the RhoA/ROCK/LIMK cascade to induce F-actin reorganization, down-regulate cell stiffness, and improve epithelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi medical university, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545007, China
| | - Meiling Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- School of Nursing, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Chunjiao Long
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Chi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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What Role Does CFTR Play in Development, Differentiation, Regeneration and Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093133. [PMID: 32365523 PMCID: PMC7246864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key features associated with the substantial increase in life expectancy for individuals with CF is an elevated predisposition to cancer, firmly established by recent studies involving large cohorts. With the recent advances in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies and the increased long-term survival rate of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), this is a novel challenge emerging at the forefront of this disease. However, the mechanisms linking dysfunctional CFTR to carcinogenesis have yet to be unravelled. Clues to this challenging open question emerge from key findings in an increasing number of studies showing that CFTR plays a role in fundamental cellular processes such as foetal development, epithelial differentiation/polarization, and regeneration, as well as in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we provide state-of-the-art descriptions on the moonlight roles of CFTR in these processes, highlighting how they can contribute to novel therapeutic strategies. However, such roles are still largely unknown, so we need rapid progress in the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms to find the answers and thus tailor the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.
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Carapeto AP, Vitorino MV, Santos JD, Ramalho SS, Robalo T, Rodrigues MS, Farinha CM. Mechanical Properties of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Expressing Wt- and Mutant CFTR. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082916. [PMID: 32326361 PMCID: PMC7216210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). A single recessive mutation, the deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508del), causes severe CF and resides on 70% of mutant chromosomes. Disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton has been previously reported in relation to the CF phenotype. In this work, we aimed to understand this alteration by means of Atomic Force Microscopy and Force Feedback Microscopy investigation of mechanical properties of cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cells stably transduced with either wild type (wt-) or F508del-CFTR. We show here that the expression of mutant CFTR causes a decrease in the cell’s apparent Young modulus as compared to the expression of the wt protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Carapeto
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.P.C.); (M.V.V.); (J.D.S.); (S.S.R.); (T.R.)
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel V. Vitorino
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.P.C.); (M.V.V.); (J.D.S.); (S.S.R.); (T.R.)
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João D. Santos
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.P.C.); (M.V.V.); (J.D.S.); (S.S.R.); (T.R.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia S. Ramalho
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.P.C.); (M.V.V.); (J.D.S.); (S.S.R.); (T.R.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Robalo
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.P.C.); (M.V.V.); (J.D.S.); (S.S.R.); (T.R.)
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário S. Rodrigues
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.P.C.); (M.V.V.); (J.D.S.); (S.S.R.); (T.R.)
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.S.R.); (C.M.F.)
| | - Carlos M. Farinha
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.P.C.); (M.V.V.); (J.D.S.); (S.S.R.); (T.R.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.S.R.); (C.M.F.)
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A Three-Dimensional Model of Human Lung Airway Tree to Study Therapeutics Delivery in the Lungs. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:1435-1445. [PMID: 30859435 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant instillation into the lungs is used to treat several respiratory disorders such as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). The success of the treatments significantly depends on the uniformity of distribution of the instilled surfactant in airways. This is challenging to directly evaluate due to the inaccessibility of lung airways and great difficulty with imaging them. To tackle this problem, we developed a 3D physical model of human lung airway tree. Using a defined set of principles, we first generated computational models of eight generations of neonates' tracheobronchial tree comprising the conducting zone airways. Similar to native lungs, these models contained continuously-branching airways that rotated in the 3D space and reduced in size with increase in the generation number. Then, we used additive manufacturing to generate physical airway tree models that precisely replicated the computational designs. We demonstrated the utility of the physical models to study surfactant delivery in the lungs and showed the effect of orientation of the airway tree in the gravitational field on the distribution of instilled surfactant between the left and right lungs and within each lung. Our 3D lung airway tree model offers a novel tool for quantitative studies of therapeutics delivery.
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Copploe A, Vatani M, Amini R, Choi JW, Tavana H. Engineered Airway Models to Study Liquid Plug Splitting at Bifurcations: Effects of Orientation and Airway Size. J Biomech Eng 2018; 140:2683661. [PMID: 30029232 DOI: 10.1115/1.4040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of biological fluids, such as surfactant solutions, into lungs is a major strategy to treat respiratory disorders including respiratory distress syndrome that is caused by insufficient or dysfunctional natural lung surfactant. The instilled solution forms liquid plugs in lung airways. The plugs propagate downstream in airways by inspired air or ventilation, continuously split at airway bifurcations to smaller daughter plugs, simultaneously lose mass from their trailing menisci, and eventually rupture. A uniform distribution of the instilled biofluid in lung airways is expected to increase the treatments success. The uniformity of distribution of instilled liquid in the lungs greatly depends on the splitting of liquid plugs between daughter airways, especially in the first few generations from which airways of different lobes of lungs emerge. To mechanistically understand this process, we developed a bioengineering approach to computationally design three-dimensional bifurcating airway models using morphometric data of human lungs, fabricate physical models, and examine dynamics of liquid plug splitting. We found that orientation of bifurcating airways has a major effect on the splitting of liquid plugs between daughter airways. Changing the relative gravitational orientation of daughter tubes with respect to the horizontal plane caused a more asymmetric splitting of liquid plugs. Increasing the propagation speed of plugs partially counteracted this effect. Using airway models of smaller dimensions reduced the asymmetry of plug splitting. This work provides a step toward developing delivery strategies for uniform distribution of therapeutic fluids in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Copploe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325
| | - Morteza Vatani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325
| | - Rouzbeh Amini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325
| | - Jae-Won Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, 260 S. Forge St., Akron, OH 44325 e-mail:
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Assembly and Functional Analysis of an S/MAR Based Episome with the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041220. [PMID: 29673202 PMCID: PMC5979583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the efficacy of gene therapy vectors is still an important goal toward the development of safe and efficient gene therapy treatments. S/MAR (scaffold/matrix attached region)-based vectors are maintained extra-chromosomally in numerous cell types, which is similar to viral-based vectors. Additionally, when established as an episome, they show a very high mitotic stability. In the present study we tested the idea that addition of an S/MAR element to a CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) expression vector, may allow the establishment of a CFTR episome in bronchial epithelial cells. Starting from the observation that the S/MAR vector pEPI-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein) is maintained as an episome in human bronchial epithelial cells, we assembled the CFTR vector pBQ-S/MAR. This vector, transfected in bronchial epithelial cells with mutated CFTR, supported long term wt CFTR expression and activity, which in turn positively impacted on the assembly of tight junctions in polarized epithelial cells. Additionally, the recovery of intact pBQ-S/MAR, but not the parental vector lacking the S/MAR element, from transfected cells after extensive proliferation, strongly suggested that pBQ-S/MAR was established as an episome. These results add a new element, the S/MAR, that can be considered to improve the persistence and safety of gene therapy vectors for cystic fibrosis pulmonary disease.
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