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Mascarau R, Woottum M, Fromont L, Gence R, Cantaloube-Ferrieu V, Vahlas Z, Lévêque K, Bertrand F, Beunon T, Métais A, El Costa H, Jabrane-Ferrat N, Gallois Y, Guibert N, Davignon JL, Favre G, Maridonneau-Parini I, Poincloux R, Lagane B, Bénichou S, Raynaud-Messina B, Vérollet C. Productive HIV-1 infection of tissue macrophages by fusion with infected CD4+ T cells. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213978. [PMID: 36988579 PMCID: PMC10067447 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for HIV-1 pathogenesis and represent major viral reservoirs. Therefore, it is critical to understand macrophage infection, especially in tissue macrophages, which are widely infected in vivo, but poorly permissive to cell-free infection. Although cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 is a determinant mode of macrophage infection in vivo, how HIV-1 transfers toward macrophages remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that fusion of infected CD4+ T lymphocytes with human macrophages leads to their efficient and productive infection. Importantly, several tissue macrophage populations undergo this heterotypic cell fusion, including synovial, placental, lung alveolar, and tonsil macrophages. We also find that this mode of infection is modulated by the macrophage polarization state. This fusion process engages a specific short-lived adhesion structure and is controlled by the CD81 tetraspanin, which activates RhoA/ROCK-dependent actomyosin contractility in macrophages. Our study provides important insights into the mechanisms underlying infection of tissue-resident macrophages, and establishment of persistent cellular reservoirs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Mascarau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Woottum
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université de Paris , Paris, France
| | - Léa Fromont
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Gence
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037 and Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopôle , Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Cantaloube-Ferrieu
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Université Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm , Toulouse, France
| | - Zoï Vahlas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Lévêque
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
| | - Florent Bertrand
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Beunon
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Métais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
| | - Hicham El Costa
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Université Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm , Toulouse, France
| | - Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Université Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm , Toulouse, France
| | - Yohan Gallois
- ENT, Otoneurology and Pediatric ENT Department, University Hospital of Toulouse , Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Guibert
- Thoracic Endoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Larrey University Hospital , Toulouse, France
| | | | - Gilles Favre
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037 and Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopôle , Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Lagane
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Université Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm , Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Bénichou
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université de Paris , Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
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Ruiz-Rivera MB, Gómez-Icazbalceta G, Lamoyi E, Huerta L. Host membrane proteins in the HIV-induced membrane fusion: Role in pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of autoantibodies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60:241-248. [PMID: 34481334 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Host proteins such as receptors, adhesion and signaling molecules, promote virus-cell fusion, virus cell-cell transmission, and formation of multinucleated cells with outstanding properties. These events are implicated in virus dissemination and the induction of pathological effects such as the infection of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, placenta infection, and neurological complications. Antibodies directed to the host membrane proteins are produced during the natural HIV infection and may contribute significantly to virus inhibition. Antibodies against the HIV receptor have been approved for therapy and others targeting additional host membrane proteins are currently under evaluation. This review emphasizes the relevance of the different pathways of HIV spreading between cells and of antibodies directed to host membrane components in the development of broad-range therapeutics against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna B Ruiz-Rivera
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Edmundo Lamoyi
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leonor Huerta
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Dufrançais O, Mascarau R, Poincloux R, Maridonneau-Parini I, Raynaud-Messina B, Vérollet C. Cellular and molecular actors of myeloid cell fusion: podosomes and tunneling nanotubes call the tune. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6087-6104. [PMID: 34296319 PMCID: PMC8429379 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Different types of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) of myeloid origin have been described; osteoclasts are the most extensively studied because of their importance in bone homeostasis. MGCs are formed by cell-to-cell fusion, and most types have been observed in pathological conditions, especially in infectious and non-infectious chronic inflammatory contexts. The precise role of the different MGCs and the mechanisms that govern their formation remain poorly understood, likely due to their heterogeneity. First, we will introduce the main populations of MGCs derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We will then discuss the known molecular actors mediating the early stages of fusion, focusing on cell-surface receptors involved in the cell-to-cell adhesion steps that ultimately lead to multinucleation. Given that cell-to-cell fusion is a complex and well-coordinated process, we will also describe what is currently known about the evolution of F-actin-based structures involved in macrophage fusion, i.e., podosomes, zipper-like structures, and tunneling nanotubes (TNT). Finally, the localization and potential role of the key fusion mediators related to the formation of these F-actin structures will be discussed. This review intends to present the current status of knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting multinucleation of myeloid cells, highlighting the gaps still existing, and contributing to the proposition of potential disease-specific MGC markers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Dufrançais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Mascarau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France
| | - Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Dupont M, Sattentau QJ. Macrophage Cell-Cell Interactions Promoting HIV-1 Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:E492. [PMID: 32354203 PMCID: PMC7290394 DOI: 10.3390/v12050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens infect macrophages as part of their intracellular life cycle. This is particularly true for viruses, of which HIV-1 is one of the best studied. HIV-1 infection of macrophages has important consequences for viral persistence and pathogenesis, but the mechanisms of macrophage infection remain to be fully elucidated. Despite expressing viral entry receptors, macrophages are inefficiently infected by cell-free HIV-1 virions, whereas direct cell-cell spread is more efficient. Different modes of cell-cell spread have been described, including the uptake by macrophages of infected T cells and the fusion of infected T cells with macrophages, both leading to macrophage infection. Cell-cell spread can also transmit HIV-1 between macrophages and from macrophages to T cells. Here, we describe the current state of the field concerning the cell-cell spread of HIV-1 to and from macrophages, discuss mechanisms, and highlight potential in vivo relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Dupont
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
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Yu X, Shang H, Jiang Y. ICAM-1 in HIV infection and underlying mechanisms. Cytokine 2019; 125:154830. [PMID: 31491723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a glycoprotein that participates in inflammatory and immune responses. Both cell surface and soluble ICAM-1 are significantly increased during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and ICAM-1 has important functions in promoting inflammatory responses and enhancing HIV infectivity; however, a comprehensive summary these roles has yet to be elaborated. In this review we describe the general biological characteristics of ICAM-1, its association with HIV disease progression and promotion of HIV production, mechanisms inducing upregulation of ICAM-1, and possible intervention strategies, representing important insights in the context of HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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6
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Inhibition of HIV-1 envelope-dependent membrane fusion by serum antilymphocyte autoantibodies is associated with low plasma viral load. Immunol Lett 2019; 211:33-40. [PMID: 31059733 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) mediates the membrane fusion process allowing virus entry to target cells and the efficiency to induce membrane fusion is an important determinant of HIV-1 pathogenicity. In addition to virus receptors, other adhesion/signaling molecules on infected and target cells and virus particles can enhance fusion. The presence of antilymphocyte autoantibodies (ALA) in HIV patients' serum suggests that they may contribute to the inhibition of Env-mediated membrane fusion. Here, sera from 38 HIV-1 infected treatment-naïve men and 30 healthy donors were analyzed for the presence of IgG and IgM able to bind to CD4-negative Jurkat cells. The use of CD4-negative cells precluded the binding of virus-antibody immune complexes, and allowed detection of ALA different from anti-CD4 antibodies. IgG and IgM antibodies binding to Jurkat CD4-negative cells was detected in 74% and 84% of HIV-positive sera, respectively. Then, the activity of sera on fusion of CD4+ with HIV Env+ Jurkat cells was determined before and after their adsorption on CD4-negative Jurkat cells to remove ALA. Sera inhibited fusion at variable extents, and inhibitory activity decreased in 58% of serum samples after adsorption, indicating that ALA contributed to fusion inhibition in these sera (herein called fusion inhibitory ALA). The contribution of ALA to fusion inhibition in individual sera was highly variable, with an average of 33%. IgG purified from a pool of HIV+ sera inhibited fusion of primary CD4 T lymphocytes with Jurkat Env+, and adsorption of IgG on CD4-negative Jurkat cells diminished the fusion inhibitory activity. Thus, the inhibitory activity of sera was related to IgG ALA. Our observations suggest that fusion inhibitory ALA other than anti-CD4 antibodies may contribute significantly to the inhibition of Env-mediated cell-cell fusion. Fusion inhibitory ALA, but not total ALA levels, associated with low plasma viral loads, suggesting that specific ALA may participate in virus containment by inhibiting virus-cell fusion in a significant fraction of HIV-infected patients.
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CD32 expression is associated to T-cell activation and is not a marker of the HIV-1 reservoir. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2739. [PMID: 30013105 PMCID: PMC6048139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD32 has been shown to be preferentially expressed in latently HIV-1-infected cells in an in vitro model of quiescent CD4 T cells. Here we show that stimulation of CD4+ T cells with IL-2, IL-7, PHA, and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies induces T-cell proliferation, co-expression of CD32 and the activation of the markers HLA-DR and CD69. HIV-1 infection increases CD32 expression. 79.2% of the CD32+/CD4+ T cells from HIV+ individuals under antiretroviral treatment were HLA-DR+. Resting CD4+ T cells infected in vitro generally results in higher integration of provirus. We observe no difference in provirus integration or replication-competent inducible latent HIV-1 in CD32+ or CD32− CD4+ T cells from HIV+ individuals. Our results demonstrate that CD32 expression is a marker of CD4+ T cell activation in HIV+ individuals and raises questions regarding the immune resting status of CD32+ cells harboring HIV-1 proviruses. CD32 has been previously shown to be expressed preferentially by CD4 T cells latently harbouring HIV-1. Here the authors show that CD32 expression in CD4 T cells is associated with T cell activation, is up-regulated by HIV-1 infection and importantly does not appear to represent an enriched cellular niche for latent HIV-1.
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