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Hu B, Pei J, Wan C, Liu S, Xu Z, Zou Y, Li Z, Tang Z. Mechanisms of Postischemic Stroke Angiogenesis: A Multifaceted Approach. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4625-4646. [PMID: 39045531 PMCID: PMC11264385 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s461427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke constitutes a significant global health care challenge, and a comprehensive understanding of its recovery mechanisms is imperative for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Angiogenesis, a pivotal element of ischemic tissue repair, facilitates the restoration of blood flow to damaged regions, thereby promoting neuronal regeneration and functional recovery. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying postischemic stroke angiogenesis remain incompletely elucidated. This review meticulously examines the constituents of the neurovascular unit, ion channels, molecular mediators, and signaling pathways implicated in angiogenesis following stroke. Furthermore, it delves into prospective therapeutic strategies informed by these factors. Our objective is to provide detailed and exhaustive information on the intricate mechanisms governing postischemic stroke angiogenesis, thus providing a robust scientific foundation for the advancement of novel neurorepair therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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Liu XT, Teng ZQ. Early-Stage Application of Agomir-137 Promotes Locomotor Recovery in a Mouse Model of Motor Cortex Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17156. [PMID: 38138985 PMCID: PMC10742653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, and patients often experience varying degrees of motor impairment. MiR-137, a broadly conserved and brain-enriched miRNA, is a key regulator in neural development and in various neurological diseases. Following TBI, the expression of miR-137 is dramatically downregulated. However, whether miR-137 is a therapeutic target for TBI still remains unknown. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that intranasal administration of miR-137 agomir (a mimic) in the early stage (0-7 days) of TBI effectively inhibits glial scar formation and improves neuronal survival, while early-stage administration of miR-137 antagomir (an inhibitor) deteriorates motor impairment. This study elucidates the therapeutic potential of miR-137 mimics in improving locomotor recovery following motor cortex injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
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Casas BS, Arancibia-Altamirano D, Acevedo-La Rosa F, Garrido-Jara D, Maksaev V, Pérez-Monje D, Palma V. It takes two to tango: Widening our understanding of the onset of schizophrenia from a neuro-angiogenic perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946706. [PMID: 36092733 PMCID: PMC9448889 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating mental disorder characterized by perturbations in thinking, perception, and behavior, along with brain connectivity deficiencies, neurotransmitter dysfunctions, and loss of gray brain matter. To date, schizophrenia has no cure and pharmacological treatments are only partially efficacious, with about 30% of patients describing little to no improvement after treatment. As in most neurological disorders, the main descriptions of schizophrenia physiopathology have been focused on neural network deficiencies. However, to sustain proper neural activity in the brain, another, no less important network is operating: the vast, complex and fascinating vascular network. Increasing research has characterized schizophrenia as a systemic disease where vascular involvement is important. Several neuro-angiogenic pathway disturbances have been related to schizophrenia. Alterations, ranging from genetic polymorphisms, mRNA, and protein alterations to microRNA and abnormal metabolite processing, have been evaluated in plasma, post-mortem brain, animal models, and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models. During embryonic brain development, the coordinated formation of blood vessels parallels neuro/gliogenesis and results in the structuration of the neurovascular niche, which brings together physical and molecular signals from both systems conforming to the Blood-Brain barrier. In this review, we offer an upfront perspective on distinctive angiogenic and neurogenic signaling pathways that might be involved in the biological causality of schizophrenia. We analyze the role of pivotal angiogenic-related pathways such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and HIF signaling related to hypoxia and oxidative stress events; classic developmental pathways such as the NOTCH pathway, metabolic pathways such as the mTOR/AKT cascade; emerging neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative processes such as UPR, and also discuss non-canonic angiogenic/axonal guidance factor signaling. Considering that all of the mentioned above pathways converge at the Blood-Brain barrier, reported neurovascular alterations could have deleterious repercussions on overall brain functioning in schizophrenia.
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Can U, Marzioglu E, Akdu S. Some miRNA expressions and their targets in ischemic stroke. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:1224-1262. [PMID: 35876186 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2098974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a global health challenge leading to life-long disabilities or the deaths of patients. IS is a complex disease where genetic and environmental factors are both concerned with the pathophysiology of the condition. Here, we aimed to investigate various microRNA (miRNA) expressions and their targets in IS. A rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute IS is important to perform appropriate treatment. Therefore, there is a need for a more rapid and simple tool to carry out an acute diagnosis of IS. miRNAs are small RNA molecules serving as precious biomarkers due to their easy detection and stability in blood samples. The present systematic review aimed to summarize previous studies investigating several miRNA expressions and their targets in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummugulsum Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Marzioglu
- Department of Genetics, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Sadinaz Akdu
- Department of Biochemistry, Fethiye State Hospital, Muğla, Turkey
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Zhang X, Yu Z. Comprehensive Diagnostic Medical System Based on Notch1 Signaling Pathway to Inhibit the Growth of Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:2311471. [PMID: 35646297 PMCID: PMC9135563 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2311471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the gradual application of big data and other technologies to the medical field, more and more people tend to get online medical services. This article mainly studies the comprehensive diagnostic medical system based on Notch1 signaling pathway to inhibit the growth of small-cell lung carcinoma. In the experiment, we used the rapid thawing method to recover the cells and took the logarithmic growth phase cells for cell passage. We calculated the cell concentration and diluted the cells according to the experimental requirements. According to the standard curve, the corresponding sample protein concentration was calculated; at the same time, the Trizol method was used to extract the total RNA, the NanoDrop8000 spectrophotometer was used to determine the RNA concentration, and the RNA quality was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. We used immunohistochemical staining to complete the staining of lung cancer cells. Finally, black box testing was used to test the functional modules of the system. Experimental data show that the accuracy rate of data obtained by the system reaches 98%, which greatly facilitates doctors and patients. The results show that the system has good ease of use and reliability and improves the diagnosis and treatment of hospital patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ziying Yu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
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Potential Biomarkers and the Molecular Mechanism Associated with DLL4 During Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:220-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jing W, Tuxiu X, Xiaobing L, Guijun J, Lulu K, Jie J, Lu Y, Liying Z, Xiaoxing X, Jingjun L. LncRNA GAS5/miR-137 Is a Hypoxia-Responsive Axis Involved in Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790750. [PMID: 35087519 PMCID: PMC8787067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) represents one of the devastating medical emergencies and is associated with high mortality and neuro-disability. Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is mechanistically ascribed to acute systemic ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury. The lncRNA/microRNA/mRNA networks have been found to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of the hypoxia-responsive diseases. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axes are involved in the astrocyte-microglia crosstalk in CA/CPR have not been fully elucidated. Methods We collected and purified the exosomes from the blood of CA/CPR patients and supernatant of OGD/R-stimulated astrocytes. On the basis of microarray analysis, bioinformatic study, and luciferase activity determination, we speculated that lncRNA GAS5/miR-137 is implicated in the astrocyte-microglia crosstalk under the insult of systemic I/R injury. The regulation of lncRNA GAS5/miR-137 on INPP4B was examined by cellular transfection in OGD/R cell culture and by lateral ventricle injection with miR-137 agomir in CA/CPR mice model. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the microglial apoptosis, M1/M2 phenotype transformation, and neuroinflammation. Neurological scoring and behavior tests were conducted in CA/CPR group, with miR-137 agomir lateral-ventricle infusion and in their controls. Results In all the micRNAs, miR-137 was among the top 10 micRNAs that experienced greatest changes, in both the blood of CA/CPR patients and supernatant of OGD/R-stimulated astrocytes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-137 was sponged by lncRNA GAS5, targeting INPP4B, and the result was confirmed by Luciferase activity assay. qRT-PCR and Western blotting showed that lncRNA GAS5 and INPP4B were over-expressed whereas miR-137 was downregulated in the blood of CA/CPR patients, OGD/R-stimulated astrocytes, and brain tissue of CA/CPR mice. Silencing lncRNA GAS5 suppressed INPP4B expression, but over-expression of miR-137 negatively modulated its expression. Western blotting exhibited that PI3K and Akt phosphorylation was increased when lncRNA GAS5 was silenced or miR-137 was over-expressed. However, PI3K and Akt phosphorylation was notably suppressed in the absence of miR-137, almost reversing their phosphorylation in the silencing lncRNA GAS5 group. Then we found that GAS5 siRNA or miR-137 mimic significantly increased cell viability and alleviated apoptosis after OGD/R injury. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-137 attenuated microglial apoptosis and neuroinflammation in CA/CPR mice model, exhibiting significantly better behavioral tests after CA/CPR. Conclusion LncRNA GAS5/miR-137 may be involved in the astrocyte-microglia communication that inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling activation via regulation of INPP4B during CA/CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jing
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xie Tuxiu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Xiaobing
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Guijun
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Lulu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Jie
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhan Liying
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Xiaoxing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lyu Jingjun
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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MicroRNA-21-5p Reduces Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Neuronal Cell Damage through Negative Regulation of CPEB3. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:5543212. [PMID: 34900520 PMCID: PMC8660214 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the role of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) in hypoxia/reoxygenation- (H/R-) induced HT22 cell damage. Methods The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established in mouse neuronal cells HT22. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and qRT-PCR were used to determine the effects of H/R treatment on cell viability and miR-21-5p expression. HT22 cells were transfected with miR-21-5p mimic or negative control (NC) followed by the induction of H/R; cell viability, apoptosis, and SOD, MDA, and LDH activities were detected. Besides, the apoptosis-related proteins including BAX, BCL2, cleaved caspase-3, and caspase-3 as well as proteins of EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were measured by Western blot. To verify the target relation between cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3 (CPEB3) and miR-21-5p, luciferase reporter gene experiment was performed. After cotransfection with miR-21-5p mimic and CPEB3 plasmids, the reversal effects of CPEB3 on miR-21-5p in H/R damage were studied. Results H/R treatment could significantly reduce the cell viability (P < 0.05) and miR-21-5p levels (P < 0.05) in HT22 cells. After overexpressing miR-21-5p, cell viability was increased (P < 0.05) under H/R treatment, and the apoptosis rate and the levels of apoptosis-related proteins were suppressed (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, SOD activity was increased (P < 0.05), while MDA and LDH activity was decreased (both P < 0.05). Besides, miR-21-5p could restore the activation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibited by H/R treatment (all P < 0.05). The luciferase reporter gene experiment verified that CPEB3 is the target of miR-21-5p (P < 0.05). When coexpressing miR-21-5p mimic and CPEB3 in the cells, the protective effects of miR-21-5p under H/R were reversed (all P < 0.05), and the activation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway was also inhibited (all P < 0.05). Conclusion This study showed that miR-21-5p may regulate the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting CPEB3 to reduce H/R-induced cell damage and apoptosis.
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Fan C, Ma X, Wang Y, Lv L, Zhu Y, Liu H, Liu Y. A NOTCH1/LSD1/BMP2 co-regulatory network mediated by miR-137 negatively regulates osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:417. [PMID: 34294143 PMCID: PMC8296522 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs have been recognized as critical regulators for the osteoblastic lineage differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Previously, we have displayed that silencing of miR-137 enhances the osteoblastic differentiation potential of hASCs partly through the coordination of lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4). However, still numerous molecules involved in the osteogenic regulation of miR-137 remain unknown. This study aimed to further elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms of miR-137 on the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Methods Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the binding to the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of NOTCH1 by miR-137. To further identify the role of NOTCH1 in miR-137-modulated osteogenesis, tangeretin (an inhibitor of NOTCH1) was applied to treat hASCs which were transfected with miR-137 knockdown lentiviruses, then together with negative control (NC), miR-137 overexpression and miR-137 knockdown groups, the osteogenic capacity and possible downstream signals were examined. Interrelationships between signaling pathways of NOTCH1-hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1), LSD1 and BMP2-SMADs were thoroughly investigated with separate knockdown of NOTCH1, LSD1, BMP2, and HES1. Results We confirmed that miR-137 directly targeted the 3′ UTR of NOTCH1 while positively regulated HES1. Tangeretin reversed the effects of miR-137 knockdown on osteogenic promotion and downstream genes expression. After knocking down NOTCH1 or BMP2 individually, we found that these two signals formed a positive feedback loop as well as activated LSD1 and HES1. In addition, LSD1 knockdown induced NOTCH1 expression while suppressed HES1. Conclusions Collectively, we proposed a NOTCH1/LSD1/BMP2 co-regulatory signaling network to elucidate the modulation of miR-137 on the osteoblastic differentiation of hASCs, thus providing mechanism-based rationale for miRNA-targeted therapy of bone defect. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02495-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fan
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China. .,National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China. .,Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejun Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Longwei Lv
- National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Targeting Common Signaling Pathways for the Treatment of Stroke and Alzheimer's: a Comprehensive Review. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1589-1612. [PMID: 34169405 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two inter-related disorders that affect the neurons in the brain and central nervous system. Alzheimer's is a disease by undefined origin and causes. Stroke and its most common type, ischemic stroke (IS), occurs due to the blockade of cerebral blood vessels. As an important feature, both of disorders are associated with irreversible damages to the brain and nervous system. In this regard, finding common signaling pathways and the same molecular origin between these two diseases may be a promising way for their solution. On the basis of literature appraisal, the most common signaling cascades implicated in the pathogenesis of AD and stroke including notch, autophagy, inflammatory, and insulin signaling pathways were reviewed. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies including natural and synthetic pharmaceuticals aiming modulation of respective signaling factors were scrutinized to ameliorate neural deficits in AD and stroke. Taken together, digging deeper in the common connections and signal targeting can be greatly helpful in understanding and unified treating of these disorders.
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Yin H, Qin H, Wang T, Zhuang Q, Yang Q. The Protective Effects of Apremilast Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion (OGD/R)-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Astroglia Mediated by CREB/BDNF. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:754-763. [PMID: 33826130 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced impairment of astrocytes may lead to neuronal dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). Apremilast is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor primarily used for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis that has demonstrated certain neuroprotective properties. PDE4 is an isoenzyme that degrades 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which serves as a neuroprotective agent by promoting neuronal recovery through protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and subsequent expression of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (Bcl-2). However, the effects of apremilast in astrocytes have not been elucidated. In the present study, we employed an in vitro model of ischemic stroke using oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-challenged astrocytes to investigate the effects of apremilast against apoptosis (the flow cytometry assay), cell death (the lactate dehydrogenase release assay), oxidative stress (2', 7' dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining), and the expression of the key neuroprotective factors CREB and BDNF (Western blot analysis). Our findings show that treatment with apremilast could significantly reduce astrocyte apoptosis and cell death induced by OGD/R as evidenced by reduced release of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and improvement of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The results of MTT assay, measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and flow cytometry confirmed the improvement in cell viability mediated by apremilast. Importantly, we found that CREB phosphorylation was required for the increases in BDNF and Bcl-2 induced by apremilast as well as the decrease in astrocyte apoptosis. These preliminary findings indicate that apremilast may have the potential to prevent astrocyte cell death and promote neuronal healing in cerebral ischemic injury. Further in vivo research will expand our understanding of these promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277100, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277100, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277100, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277100, Shandong, China
| | - Qixia Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277100, Shandong, China.
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MiR-137 regulates low-intensity shear stress-induced human aortic endothelial cell apoptosis via JNK/AP-1 signaling. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:451-460. [PMID: 33893994 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of miR-137 in low-intensity shear stress-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). HAECs were transfected with miR-137 mimic, miR-137 inhibitor, or the corresponding negative control and then exposed to pulsatile shear stress in a parallel-plate flow chamber at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 dyn/cm2 for 3 h. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mRNA expression of miR-137 and SDS22. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify the direct interaction between miR-137 and SDS22. The internal morphology of cells and cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining observed under a transmission electron microscope. Meanwhile, the protein expression of oxidative stress-related, apoptosis-related, and activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling-related genes were analyzed by western blotting. Low strength shear stress (0-5 dyn/cm2) caused a negative change of HAEC surface and internal morphology in an intensity-dependent manner, and these changes were gradually weakened when shear stress was increased more than 5 dyn/cm2. Furthermore, low-intensity shear stress promoted oxidative stress response, accelerated cell apoptosis, and upregulated miR-137 expression and JNK/AP-1 signaling in HAECs. MiR-137 directly targets SDS22. Knockdown of miR-137 noticeably reduced activation of JNK/AP-1 signaling, oxidative stress response, and cell apoptosis induced by shear stress. MiR-137 regulated low-intensity shear stress-induced human aortic endothelial cell ER stress and cell apoptosis via JNK/AP-1 signaling.
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Electroacupuncture Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion via miR-137/NOX4 Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8842022. [PMID: 33986822 PMCID: PMC8079190 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8842022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture has shown protective effects on cognitive decline. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. The present study was conducted to determine whether the cognitive function was ameliorated in cerebral hypoperfusion rats following electroacupuncture and to investigate the role of miR-137/NOX4 axis. In this study, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Electroacupuncture treatment attenuated brain injury in CCH model group via regulating miR-137/NOX4 axis. Furthermore, the data of neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress were observed. Our findings indicated that (1) neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress in CCH rats were significantly increased compared with control group; (2) the animal cognitive performance was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM). The results showed that electroacupuncture therapy ameliorated spatial learning and memory impairment in cerebral hypoperfusion rats; and (3) electroacupuncture therapy reduces neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress by activating miR-137/NOX4 axis. These results suggest that electroacupuncture therapy for CCH may be mediated by miR-137/NOX4 axis. Electroacupuncture therapy may act as a potential therapeutic approach for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a kind of neurovascular disease that causes serious cerebral damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely reported to participate in multiple diseases, including cerebral I/R injury. However, the exact mechanisms of miR-7-5p in cerebral I/R injury was not fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the biological role and regulatory mechanism of miR-7-5p in cerebral I/R injury. We established an in vivo model of cerebral I/R by middle cerebral artery occlusion and an in vitro cellular model of cerebral I/R injury through treating neurons (SH-SY5Y cells) with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). In addition, miR-7-5p expression was confirmed to be upregulated in the cerebral I/R rat model and OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, miR-7-5p inhibition overtly suppressed cerebral injury, cerebral inflammation, and SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis. Sirtuin 1 (sirt1) is previously reported to alleviate I/R, and in this study, it was identified to be a target of miR-7-5p based on luciferase reporter assay. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed sirt1 expression was downregulated in the cerebral I/R rat model and OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Besides, miR-7-5p negatively regulated sirt1. Finally, rescue assays delineated sirt1 overexpression recovered the miR-7-5p upregulation-induced promotion on cerebral I/R injury. In conclusion, miR-7-5p enhanced cerebral I/R injury by degrading sirt1, providing a new paradigm to investigate cerebral I/R injury.
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Zhang D, Cai G, Liu K, Zhuang Z, Jia K, Pei S, Wang X, Wang H, Xu S, Cui C, Sun M, Guo S, Song W, Cai G. Microglia exosomal miRNA-137 attenuates ischemic brain injury through targeting Notch1. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4079-4095. [PMID: 33461167 PMCID: PMC7906161 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system and play an essential role in brain homeostasis and neuroprotection in brain diseases. Exosomes are crucial in intercellular communication by transporting bioactive miRNAs. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the function of microglial exosome in the presence of ischemic injury and related mechanism. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated neurons and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (TMCAO)-treated mice were applied in this study. Western blotting, RT-PCR, RNA-seq, luciferase reporter assay, transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL and LDH assays, and behavioral assay were applied in mechanistic and functional studies. The results demonstrated that exosomes derived from microglia in M2 phenotype (BV2-Exo) were internalized by neurons and attenuated neuronal apoptosis in response to ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo. BV2-Exo also decreased infarct volume and behavioral deficits in ischemic mice. Exosomal miRNA-137 was upregulated in BV2-Exo and participated in the partial neuroprotective effect of BV2-Exo. Furthermore, Notch1 was a directly targeting gene of exosomal miRNA-137. In conclusion, these results suggest that BV2-Exo alleviates ischemia-reperfusion brain injury through transporting exosomal miRNA-137. This study provides novel insight into microglial exosomes-based therapies for the treatment of ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianquan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoliang Cai
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation of Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China.,Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kunping Jia
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Siying Pei
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiuzhen Wang
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Manchao Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Sihui Guo
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wenli Song
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Guofeng Cai
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China.,Postdoctoral Research Station of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Tuttolomondo A, Puleo MG, Velardo MC, Corpora F, Daidone M, Pinto A. Molecular Biology of Atherosclerotic Ischemic Strokes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249372. [PMID: 33317034 PMCID: PMC7763838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the causes of global death and disability, ischemic stroke (also known as cerebral ischemia) plays a pivotal role, by determining the highest number of worldwide mortality, behind cardiomyopathies, affecting 30 million people. The etiopathogenetic burden of a cerebrovascular accident could be brain ischemia (~80%) or intracranial hemorrhage (~20%). The most common site when ischemia occurs is the one is perfused by middle cerebral arteries. Worse prognosis and disablement consequent to brain damage occur in elderly patients or affected by neurological impairment, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Since, in the coming years, estimates predict an exponential increase of people who have diabetes, the disease mentioned above constitutes together with stroke a severe social and economic burden. In diabetic patients after an ischemic stroke, an exorbitant activation of inflammatory molecular pathways and ongoing inflammation is responsible for more severe brain injury and impairment, promoting the advancement of ischemic stroke and diabetes. Considering that the ominous prognosis of ischemic brain damage could by partially clarified by way of already known risk factors the auspice would be modifying poor outcome in the post-stroke phase detecting novel biomolecules associated with poor prognosis and targeting them for revolutionary therapeutic strategies.
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Yi S, Zhang C, Li N, Fu Y, Li H, Zhang J. miR-325-3p Protects Neurons from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation Injury via Inhibition of RIP3. Dev Neurosci 2020; 42:83-93. [PMID: 33130681 DOI: 10.1159/000509108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent reports have corroborated that micro-RNAs (miRs) are related to the pathological changes of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) induced injury. This work aimed to unearth the role and potential mechanism of miR-325-3p in regulating neuronal survival in CIR injury. METHODS To conduct this investigation, we established an in vitro model of CIR injury by subjecting neurons to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Gain and loss of function of miR-325-3p and receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIP3) in neurons were performed to observe its effect on cell apoptosis and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. The levels of miR-325-3p and RIP3 in neurons were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was employed to inspect the levels of caspase3, Bax, and Bcl-2, as well as p38 and JNK phosphorylation. The relationship between miR-325-3p and RIP3 was detected by TargetScan and validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Firstly, miR-325-3p expression was obviously downregulated while RIP3 expression was upregulated in neurons following OGD/R treatment. Overexpressed miR-325-3p or downexpressed RIP3 ameliorated OGD/R-induced neuronal injury. Besides, RIP3 was a direct target mRNA of miR-325-3p. Additionally, Western blot revealed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was involved in the regulation of miR-325-3p on OGD/R-induced neuronal injury. Furthermore, miR-325-3p was verified to hinder OGD/R-induced neuronal injury through downregulating RIP3. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that miR-325-3p targets RIP3 to inactivate the MAPK pathway, thereby protecting neurons against OGD/R-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuqin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yajing Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hongkun Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China,
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18
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Liu Z, Hou L, Liu Y, Gong J. LncRNA GAS5 exacerbates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through regulating serpina3 by targeting miR-137. Int J Cardiol 2020; 306:9. [PMID: 32276715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianbin Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Taheri M. Non-coding RNAs participate in the ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110419. [PMID: 32563988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia, being defined as blood supply deficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of life-threatening conditions such as myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke. Assessment of the molecular pathology of these conditions has led to identification of the role of reperfusion in induction and aggravation of tissue injury and necrosis. Thus, the term "ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury" has been introduced. This process involves aberrant regulation of the mitochondrial function, apoptotic and autophagic pathways and signal transducers. More recently, non-coding RNAs including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) ad microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to influence I/R injury. Animal studies and clinical investigations have shown up-/down-regulation of tens of lncRNAs and miRNAs in this process. In the current study, we summarize the role of these transcripts in the pathophysiology of I/R injury and their potential as biomarkers for detection of extent of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Tian R, Wu B, Fu C, Guo K. miR-137 prevents inflammatory response, oxidative stress, neuronal injury and cognitive impairment via blockade of Src-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10873-10895. [PMID: 32496209 PMCID: PMC7346022 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of the microRNA (miRNA or miR) miR-137 in ischemic stroke. miRNAs are very stable in the blood and may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers. Wild-type, Src-/- and miR-137-/- mice were treated with p38 siRNA or Erk2 siRNA to identify their roles in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, neuronal injury and cognitive impairment in brain tissues of mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) operation. We evaluated several factors including; inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, viability and apoptosis of astrocytes in order to identify the functions of miR-137 and Src in ischemic stroke. miR-137 alleviated the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, neuronal injury and cognitive impairment, and restricted apoptosis via targeting Src and inactivating the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, up-regulation of miR-137 or inhibition of Src inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors, suppressed oxidative stress, and reduced apoptosis of astrocytes. In conclusion, our work suggests that, in mice, miR-137 confers neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke via attenuation of oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory pathways through inhibiting Src-dependent MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Tian
- Department of Psychology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Psychology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun 130000, P.R. China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Psychology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Kaimin Guo
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
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21
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Interaction of Long Noncoding RNAs and Notch Signaling: Implications for Tissue Homeostasis Loss. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1227:107-129. [PMID: 32072502 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36422-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling is a crucial pathway involved in cellular development, progression, and differentiation. Deregulation of Notch signaling pathway commonly impacts tissue homeostasis, being highly associated with proliferative disorders. The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins, were already described as Notch signaling pathway-interacting molecules. Many of them act as important transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators, affecting gene expression and targeting other regulatory molecules, such as miRNAs. Due to their strong impact on function and gene expression of Notch-related molecules, lncRNAs influence susceptibility to cancer and other diseases, and can be regarded as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Along this chapter, we summarize the cross talk between the Notch signaling pathway and their most important modulating lncRNAs, as well as the pathological consequences of these interactions, in different tissues.
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22
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Zheng L, Huang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Chen W, Cheng W, Pan C. Inhibition of TIM-4 protects against cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1276-1285. [PMID: 31774937 PMCID: PMC6991695 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TIM‐4 plays an important role in ischaemia‐reperfusion injury of liver and kidney; however, the effects of TIM‐4 on cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential role of TIM‐4 in experimental brain ischaemia‐reperfusion injury. In this study, cerebral ischaemia reperfusion was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 hour in C57/BL6 mice. The TIM‐4 expression was detected in vivo or vitro by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and flow cytometric analysis. In vivo, the administration of anti‐TIM‐4 antibodies significantly suppressed apoptosis, inhibited inflammatory cells and enhanced anti‐inflammatory responses. In vitro, activated microglia exhibited reduced cellular proliferation and induced IRI injury when co‐cultured with neurons; these effects were inhibited by anti‐TIM‐4 antibody treatment. Similarly, microglia transfected with TIM‐4 siRNA and stimulated by LPS + IFN‐γ alleviated the TIM‐4‐mediated damage to neurons. Collectively, our data indicate that the inhibition of TIM‐4 can improve the inflammatory response and exerts a protective effect in cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqian Huang
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xijia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlian Pan
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ho DM, Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Louvi A. The Notch pathway in CNS homeostasis and neurodegeneration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 9:e358. [PMID: 31502763 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of the Notch signaling pathway in neural development has been well established over many years. More recent studies, however, have demonstrated that Notch continues to be expressed and active throughout adulthood in many areas of the central nervous system. Notch signals have been implicated in adult neurogenesis, memory formation, and synaptic plasticity in the adult organism, as well as linked to acute brain trauma and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. NOTCH3 mutations are responsible for the most common form of hereditary stroke, the progressive disorder cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. Notch has also been associated with several progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although numerous studies link Notch activity with CNS homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases, the data thus far are primarily correlative, rather than functional. Nevertheless, the evidence for Notch pathway activity in specific neural cellular contexts is strong, and certainly intriguing, and points to the possibility that the pathway carries therapeutic promise. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Flies Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Ho
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Angeliki Louvi
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience and Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Zhang Z, Wang N, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Lv J. Downregulation of microRNA-302b-3p relieves oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation induced injury in murine hippocampal neurons through up-regulating Nrf2 signaling by targeting fibroblast growth factor 15/19. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108705. [PMID: 31199929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as critical mediators of cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNA-302b-3p (miR-302b-3p) plays an important role in regulating apoptosis and oxidative stress in various cells. However, whether miR-302b-3p is involved in regulating cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury-induced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress remains unknown. In the present study, we explored the potential function and molecular mechanism of miR-302b-3p in oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced neuronal injury, using an in vitro model of cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. We found that miR-302b-3p expression was up-regulated by OGD/R treatment in neurons. The inhibition of miR-302b-3p improved cell viability, and reduced apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species, showing a protective effect against OGD/R-induced injury. Interestingly, miR-302b-3p was shown to target and modulate murine fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15). Moreover, our results showed that miR-302b-3p down-regulation contributed to the promotion of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated antioxidant signaling associated with the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. However, the knockdown of FGF15 significantly reversed the miR-302b-3p inhibition-mediated protective effect in OGD/R-treated neurons. Overall, these results demonstrated that miR-302b-3p inhibition confers a neuroprotective effect in OGD/R-treated neurons by up-regulating Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling via targeting FGF15, providing a novel target for neuroprotection in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Zhang
- Anesthesia Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Anesthesia Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Anesthesia Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Anesthesia Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jianrui Lv
- Anesthesia Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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25
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Rao G, Zhang W, Song S. MicroRNA‑217 inhibition relieves cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting SIRT1. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1221-1229. [PMID: 31173187 PMCID: PMC6625453 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have been proposed to be involved in the pathological processes of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role and molecular mechanisms of miR-217 in the regulation of neuronal survival in CIR injury. To perform the investigation, an in vitro cellular model of CIR injury was established by treating neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). miR-217 levels in neurons were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The association between miR-217 and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was identified using TargetScan and validated in a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The release of lactate dehydrogenase, and the production of proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed by ELISAs and using specific assay kits. It was revealed that miR-217 was significantly upregulated in OGD/R-treated neurons. SIRT1 was a direct target of miR-217, and was downregulated in neurons following OGD/R treatment. Downregulation of miR-217 significantly ameliorated OGD/R-induced neuronal injury, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. The effects of miR-217 inhibitor on OGD/R treated neurons were attenuated by SIRT1 knockdown. Additionally, western blotting revealed that the SIRT1/AMP-activated protein kinase-α/NF-κB pathway was partially involved in the regulation of OGD/R-induced neuronal injury by miR-217. In conclusion, the data of the present study indicated that the downregulation of miR-217 protected neurons against OGD/R-induced injury by targeting SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, P.R. China
| | - Wenfu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, P.R. China
| | - Shegeng Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Miao LS, Cai YM, He JX, Zhang ZN, Wu G, Zheng J. TXNIP knockdown alleviates hepatocyte ischemia reperfusion injury through preventing p38/JNK pathway activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:409-414. [PMID: 29852169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of liver damage during liver transplantation, resection surgery, shock, and trauma. It has been reported that TXNIP expression was upregulated in a rat model of hepatic I/R injury. However, the role of TXNIP in the hepatic I/R injury is little known. In our study, we investigated the biological role of TXNIP and its potential molecular mechanism in the human hepatic cell line (HL7702 cells). Using oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) to create a cell model of hepatic I/R injury, we found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TXNIP were upregulated in HL7702 cells exposed to OGD/R. TXNIP overexpression remarkably promoted OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, both of which were significantly decreased by TXNIP knockdown. The production of malondialdehyde (MDA) was also increased by TXNIP overexpression, but was reduced by TXNIP knockdown. Moreover, TXNIP overexpression significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, which was remarkably inhibited by TXNIP knockdown. Additionally, p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 abrogated the effect of TXNIP overexpression on OGD/R-induced cell injury. Taken together, these results indicated that TXNIP knockdown alleviated hepatocyte I/R injury through preventing p38/JNK pathway activation. Thus, TXNIP might offer a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying-Min Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Xuan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Feng Z. Suppression of microRNA-495 alleviates high-glucose-induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis by regulating Notch/PTEN/Akt signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:923-929. [PMID: 30119264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, which is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence has documented that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. However, the role of miRNAs in regulating HG-induced apoptosis of RGCs remains largely unknown. Various studies have suggested that miR-495 is an important regulator of cell apoptosis and survival. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether miR-495 is involved in regulating HG-induced apoptosis of RGCs and reveal its possible relevance in diabetic retinopathy. We found that miR-495 was significantly upregulated in HG-treated RGCs. Downregulation of miR-495 protected RGCs against HG-induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of miR-495 had the opposite effect. Notably, Notch1 was identified as a target gene of miR-495, as miR-495 negatively regulated Notch1 expression and the Notch signaling pathway. Moreover, downregulation of miR-495 inhibited PTEN expression while promoting Akt activation. However, knockdown of Notch1 significantly abolished the protective effect of miR-495 inhibition against HG-induced apoptosis. Overall, our study suggests that downregulation of miR-495 alleviates HG-induced apoptosis of RGCs by targeting Notch1 to regulate PTEN/Akt signaling, which provides novel insights into understanding the pathogenesis of HG-induced apoptosis of RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, PR China.
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Ophthalmology Department, Shaanxi Second Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710005, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Ophthalmology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, PR China
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Liu X, Li M, Hou M, Huang W, Song J. MicroRNA-135a alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation-induced injury in neurons through regulation of GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22159. [PMID: 29719095 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as pivotal regulators in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-135a in regulating neuronal survival in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury using an in vitro cellular model induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Our results showed that miR-135a expression was significantly decreased in neurons with OGD/R treatment. Overexpression of miR-135a significantly alleviated OGD/R-induced cell injury and oxidative stress, whereas inhibition of miR-135a showed the opposite effects. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) was identified as a potential target gene of miR-135a. miR-135a was found to inhibit GSK-3β expression, but promote the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downstream signaling. However, overexpression of GSK-3β significantly reversed miR-135a-induced neuroprotective effect. Overall, our results suggest that miR-135a protects neurons against OGD/R-induced injury through downregulation of GSK-3β and upregulation of Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshan Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinning Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Chen LP, Liu QH. Effect of the Notch signaling pathway on retinal ganglion cells and its neuroprotection in rats with acute ocular hypertension. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:208-215. [PMID: 29487808 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effect of the Notch signaling pathway on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve in rats with acute ocular hypertension (OH). METHODS Totally 48 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were included, among which 36 rats were selected to establish acute OH models. OH rats received a single intravitreal injection of 2 µL phosphate buffered solution (PBS) and another group of OH rats received a single intravitreal injection of 10 µmol/L γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot assay were adopted to determine the mRNA level of Notch and the protein levels of Notch, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43). The RGC apoptosis conditions were assessed by TUNEL staining. RESULTS The OH rats and PBS-injected rats had increased expression levels of Notch1, Bax, caspase-3, and GAP-43, decreased expression levels of Bcl-2, and increased RGC apoptosis, with severer macular edema and RGCs more loosely aligned, when compared with the normal rats. The DAPT-treated rats displayed increased expression levels of Notch1, Bax, caspase-3, and GAP-43, decreased expression levels of Bcl-2, and increased RGC apoptosis, in comparison with the OH rats and PBS-injected rats. RGCs were hardly observed and macular edema became severe in the DAPT-treated rat. CONCLUSION The Notch signaling pathway may suppress the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and enhances the regeneration of the damaged optic nerves in rats with acute OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qing-Huai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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30
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Liu XL, Wang G, Song W, Yang WX, Hua J, Lyu L. microRNA-137 promotes endothelial progenitor cell proliferation and angiogenesis in cerebral ischemic stroke mice by targeting NR4A2 through the Notch pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5255-5266. [PMID: 29206299 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) is one of the common causes of death and disability worldwide. This study aims to investigate effect of miR-137 on endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis in CIS by targeting NR4A2 via the Notch pathway. Brain tissues were extracted from CIS and normal mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine positive rate of NR4A2 expression. Serum VEGF, Ang, HGF, and IκBα levels were determined by ELISA. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to determine expression of related factors. Endothelial progenitor cells in CIS mice were treated and grouped into blank, NC, miR-137 mimic, miR-137 inhibitor, siRNA-NR4A2, and miR-137 inhibitor + siRNA-NR4A2 groups, and cells in normal mice into normal group. Proliferation and apoptosis were determined by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. NR4A2 protein expression was strongly positive in CIS mice, which showed higher serum levels of VEGF, Ang, and HGF but lower IκBα than normal mice. Compared with normal group, the rest groups (endothelial progenitor cells from CIS mice) showed decreased expressions of miR-137, Hes1, Hes5, and IκBα but elevated NR4A2, Notch, Jagged1, Hey-2, VEGF, Ang, and HGF, inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Compared with blank and NC groups, the miR-137 mimic and siRNA-NR4A2 groups exhibited increased expression of miR-137, Hes1, Hes5, and IκBα, but decreased NR4A2, Notch, Jagged1, and Hey-2, with enhanced proliferation and attenuated apoptosis. The miR-137 inhibitor group reversed the conditions. miR-137 enhances the endothelial progenitor cell proliferation and angiogenesis in CIS mice by targeting NR4A2 through the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Yang
- Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hua
- Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Liang Lyu
- Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
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Chen F, Zhang L, Wang E, Zhang C, Li X. LncRNA GAS5 regulates ischemic stroke as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-137 to regulate the Notch1 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:184-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Zeng JS, Zhang ZD, Pei L, Bai ZZ, Yang Y, Yang H, Tian QH. CBX4 exhibits oncogenic activities in breast cancer via Notch1 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:1-8. [PMID: 29229426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb chromobox (CBX) proteins are involved in gene silencing to function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors through the polycomb repressive complex (PRC1). CBX4 has been implicated in the progression of human cancers, but its role and clinical significance in breast cancer remain unclear. Here, we show that CBX4 is up-regulated in breast cancer and exerts oncogenic activities via miR-137-mediated activation of Notch1 signaling pathway. CBX4 expression was increased in breast cancer, compared with the nontumorous tissues. High CBX4 expression was closely correlated with tumor metastasis, advanced clinical stage and poor overall survival in a cohort of 179 patients with breast cancer. In vitro studies demonstrated that CBX4 overexpression enhanced, whereas CBX4 knockdown inhibited cell growth and migration. Mechanistically, in a PRC1-dependent manner, CBX4 inhibited the promoter activity of miR-137 and suppressed its expression. miR-137 decreased the expression of Notch1, Jag1 and Hey2 via targeting their 3'-UTRs. The suppression of Notch1 by siRNA or overexpression of miR-137 markedly attenuated CBX4-promoted phenotypes. Collectively, these findings indicate that CBX4 promotes breast cancer via miR-137-mediated Notch1 signaling. Our data, therefore, suggest that CBX4 serve as a prognostic biomarker and that targeting CBX4/miR-137 axis may provide therapeutic potent in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sheng Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Li Pei
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zhi-Zhu Bai
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiu-Hong Tian
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Mild hypothermia protects hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury by improving lysosomal function and autophagic flux. Exp Cell Res 2017. [PMID: 28624412 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mild hypothermia has been proven to be useful to treat brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study was undertaken to determine whether mild hypothermia protects hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R)-induced injury via improving lysosomal function and autophagic flux. The results showed that OGD/R induced the occurrence of autophagy, while the acidic environment inside the lysosomes was altered. The autophagic flux assay with RFP-GFP tf-LC3 was impeded in hippocampal neurons after OGD/R. Mild hypothermia recovered the lysosomal acidic fluorescence and the lysosomal marker protein expression of LAMP2, which decreased after OGD/R.Furthermore, we found that mild hypothermia up-regulated autophagic flux and promoted the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes in hippocampal neurons following OGD/R injury, but could be reversed by treatment with chloroquine, which acts as a lysosome inhibitor. We also found that mild hypothermia improved mitochondrial autophagy in hippocampal neurons following OGD/R injury. Finally,we found that chloroquine blocked the protective effects of mild hypothermia against OGD/R-induced cell death and injury. Taken together, the present study indicates that mild hypothermia protects hippocampal neurons against OGD/R-induced injury by improving lysosomal function and autophagic flux.
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Epitranscriptomic regulation of viral replication. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:460-471. [PMID: 28219769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA plays central roles in biology and novel functions and regulation mechanisms are constantly emerging. To accomplish some of their functions within the cell, RNA molecules undergo hundreds of chemical modifications from which N6-methyladenosine (m6A), inosine (I), pseudouridine (ψ) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) have been described in eukaryotic mRNA. Interestingly, the m6A modification was shown to be reversible, adding novel layers of regulation of gene expression through what is now recognized as epitranscriptomics. The development of molecular mapping strategies coupled to next generation sequencing allowed the identification of thousand of modified transcripts in different tissues and under different physiological conditions such as viral infections. As intracellular parasites, viruses are confronted to cellular RNA modifying enzymes and, as a consequence, viral RNA can be chemically modified at some stages of the replication cycle. This review focuses on the chemical modifications of viral RNA and the impact that these modifications have on viral gene expression and the output of infection. A special emphasis is given to m6A, which was recently shown to play important yet controversial roles in different steps of the HIV-1, HCV and ZIKV replication cycles.
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