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Ercilla-Rodríguez P, Sánchez-Díez M, Alegría-Aravena N, Quiroz-Troncoso J, Gavira-O'Neill CE, González-Martos R, Ramírez-Castillejo C. CAR-T lymphocyte-based cell therapies; mechanistic substantiation, applications and biosafety enhancement with suicide genes: new opportunities to melt side effects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333150. [PMID: 39091493 PMCID: PMC11291200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made significant strides in cancer treatment with strategies like checkpoint blockade antibodies and adoptive T cell transfer. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) have emerged as a promising approach to combine these strategies and overcome their limitations. This review explores CAR-T cells as a living drug for cancer treatment. CAR-T cells are genetically engineered immune cells designed to target and eliminate tumor cells by recognizing specific antigens. The study involves a comprehensive literature review on CAR-T cell technology, covering structure optimization, generations, manufacturing processes, and gene therapy strategies. It examines CAR-T therapy in haematologic cancers and solid tumors, highlighting challenges and proposing a suicide gene-based mechanism to enhance safety. The results show significant advancements in CAR-T technology, particularly in structure optimization and generation. The manufacturing process has improved for broader clinical application. However, a series of inherent challenges and side effects still need to be addressed. In conclusion, CAR-T cells hold great promise for cancer treatment, but ongoing research is crucial to improve efficacy and safety for oncology patients. The proposed suicide gene-based mechanism offers a potential solution to mitigate side effects including cytokine release syndrome (the most common toxic side effect of CAR-T therapy) and the associated neurotoxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Genes, Transgenic, Suicide
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Animals
- Genetic Therapy/adverse effects
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Sánchez-Díez
- ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cancer Stem Cell, HST group, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Alegría-Aravena
- Grupo de Biología y Producción de Cérvidos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC)-Fundación Científica AECC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Josefa Quiroz-Troncoso
- ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cancer Stem Cell, HST group, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara E. Gavira-O'Neill
- Laboratorio Cancer Stem Cell, HST group, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Sección de Oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel González-Martos
- ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cancer Stem Cell, HST group, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo
- ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cancer Stem Cell, HST group, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Sección de Oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Shi H, Zhang M, Su Y, Liu J, Guo J, Liu M, Ma Q. Anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy for multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38541. [PMID: 38941416 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) with extramedullary disease (EMD) is rare in clinical practice, and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR-T cell therapy is a novel therapy for hematologic malignancies. Very few reports have been published on the effect of CAR-T-cell therapy in MM with EMD. Here, we report a case of MM with extramedullary lesions treated with BCMA CAR-T therapy. CASE PRESENTATION A 66-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with an enlarged left maxillary gingiva. DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis of indolent MM stage III (DS staging) and stage III (ISS and R ISS) with extramedullary lesions. INTERVENTION The patient underwent a clinical trial of humanized anti-BCMA CAR T cell therapy. RESULTS Symptoms improved; left gingival hyperplasia and swelling resolved; left buccal mass resolved; and neck and submandibular masses resolved. Pathological examination of the exfoliated masses showed necrotic tissue. CONCLUSION MM with extramedullary lesions often has limited treatment options, and traditional chemotherapy methods are ineffective; however, BCMA CAR-T cell therapy can significantly improve the symptoms of extramedullary lesions in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Shi
- Second Clinical College of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Second Clinical College of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yajing Su
- Second Clinical College of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Second Clinical College of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiayuan Guo
- Second Clinical College of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingxin Liu
- Hrain Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiuling Ma
- Second Clinical College of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Moradi V, Omidkhoda A, Ahmadbeigi N. The paths and challenges of "off-the-shelf" CAR-T cell therapy: An overview of clinical trials. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115888. [PMID: 37979380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) has made a tremendous revolution in the era of cancer immunotherapy, so that since 2017 eight CAR-T cell products have been granted marketing authorization. All of these approved products are generated from autologous sources, but this strategy faces several challenges such as time-consuming and expensive manufacturing process and reduced anti-tumor potency of patients' T cells due to the disease or previous therapies. The use of an allogeneic source can overcome these issues and provide an industrial, scalable, and standardized manufacturing process that reduces costs and provides faster treatment for patients. Nevertheless, for using allogeneic CAR-T cells, we are faced with the challenge of overcoming two formidable impediments: severe life-threatening graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) caused by allogeneic CAR-T cells, and allorejection of allogeneic CAR-T cells by host immune cells which is called "host versus graft" (HvG). In this study, we reviewed recent registered clinical trials of allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy to analyze different approaches to achieve a safe and efficacious "off-the-shelf" source for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Moradi
- Hematology and blood transfusion science department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Omidkhoda
- Hematology and blood transfusion science department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Stouten I, van Montfoort N, Hawinkels LJAC. The Tango between Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and Immune Cells in Affecting Immunotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108707. [PMID: 37240052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of response to therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients has contributed to PDAC having one of the lowest survival rates of all cancer types. The poor survival of PDAC patients urges the exploration of novel treatment strategies. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in several other cancer types, but it is still ineffective in PDAC. What sets PDAC apart from other cancer types is its tumour microenvironment (TME) with desmoplasia and low immune infiltration and activity. The most abundant cell type in the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), could be instrumental in why low immunotherapy responses are observed. CAF heterogeneity and interactions with components of the TME is an emerging field of research, where many paths are to be explored. Understanding CAF-immune cell interactions in the TME might pave the way to optimize immunotherapy efficacy for PDAC and related cancers with stromal abundance. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries on the functions and interactions of CAFs and how targeting CAFs might improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Stouten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine van Montfoort
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Development of Cancer Immunotherapies. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 183:1-48. [PMID: 35551655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, or the utilization of components of the immune system to target and eliminate cancer, has become a highly active area of research in the past several decades and a common treatment strategy for several cancer types. The concept of harnessing the immune system for this purpose originated over 100 years ago when a physician by the name of William Coley successfully treated several of his cancer patients with a combination of live and attenuated bacteria, later known as "Coley's Toxins", after observing a subset of prior patients enter remission following their diagnosis with the common bacterial infection, erysipelas. However, it was not until late in the twentieth century that cancer immunotherapies were developed for widespread use, thereby transforming the treatment landscape of numerous cancer types. Pivotal studies elucidating molecular and cellular functions of immune cells, such as the discovery of IL-2 and production of monoclonal antibodies, fostered the development of novel techniques for studying the immune system and ultimately the development and approval of several cancer immunotherapies by the United States Food and Drug Association in the 1980s and 1990s, including the tuberculosis vaccine-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, IL-2, and the CD20-targeting monoclonal antibody. Approval of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and the groundbreaking success and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in the last decade, have driven an explosion of interest in and pursuit of novel cancer immunotherapy strategies. A broad range of modalities ranging from antibodies to adoptive T cell therapies is under investigation for the generalized treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers as well as personalized medicine. This chapter will focus on the recent advances, current strategies, and future outlook of immunotherapy development for the treatment of cancer.
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Mirzaee Godarzee M, Mahmud Hussen B, Razmara E, Hakak‐Zargar B, Mohajerani F, Dabiri H, Fatih Rasul M, Ghazimoradi MH, Babashah S, Sadeghizadeh M. Strategies to overcome the side effects of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1510:18-35. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy Hawler Medical University Erbil Iraq
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | | | - Fatemeh Mohajerani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Dabiri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Sciences Tishk International University Erbil Iraq
| | | | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
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Monzavi SM, Naderi M, Ahmadbeigi N, Kajbafzadeh AM, Muhammadnejad S. An outlook on antigen-specific adoptive immunotherapy for viral infections with a focus on COVID-19. Cell Immunol 2021; 367:104398. [PMID: 34217004 PMCID: PMC8214814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although not a standard-of-care yet, adoptive immunotherapeutic approaches have gradually earned a place within the list of antiviral therapies for some of fatal and hard-to-treat viral diseases. To maintain robust antiviral immunity and to effectively target the viral particles and virally-infected cells, immune cells capable of recognizing the viral antigens are required. While conventional vaccination can induce these cells in vivo; another option is to prime and generate antigen-specific immune cells ex vivo. This approach has been successfully trialed for virulent opportunistic viral infections after bone marrow transplantation. Amid the crisis of SARS-CoV2 pandemic, which has been followed by the success of certain early-authorized vaccines; some institutions and companies have explored the effects of viral-specific adoptive cell transfers (ACTs) in trials, as alternative treatments. Aimed at outlining a perspective on antigen-specific adoptive immunotherapy for viral infections, this review article specifically provides an appraisal of ACT-based studies/trials on SARS-CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Monzavi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naderi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors at: Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center (A.M. Kajbafzadeh) and Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S. Muhammadnejad)
| | - Samad Muhammadnejad
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors at: Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center (A.M. Kajbafzadeh) and Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S. Muhammadnejad)
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8
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Mansouri V, Beheshtizadeh N, Gharibshahian M, Sabouri L, Varzandeh M, Rezaei N. Recent advances in regenerative medicine strategies for cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111875. [PMID: 34229250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stands as one of the most leading causes of death worldwide, while one of the most significant challenges in treating it is revealing novel alternatives to predict, diagnose, and eradicate tumor cell growth. Although various methods, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, are used today to treat cancer, its mortality rate is still high due to the numerous shortcomings of each approach. Regenerative medicine field, including tissue engineering, cell therapy, gene therapy, participate in cancer treatment and development of cancer models to improve the understanding of cancer biology. The final intention is to convey fundamental and laboratory research to effective clinical treatments, from the bench to the bedside. Proper interpretation of research attempts helps to lessen the burden of treatment and illness for patients. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of regenerative medicine in accelerating and improving cancer treatment. This study examines the capabilities of regenerative medicine in providing novel cancer treatments and the effectiveness of these treatments to clarify this path as much as possible and promote advanced future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sabouri
- Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varzandeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Ghaffari S, Torabi-Rahvar M, Aghayan S, Jabbarpour Z, Moradzadeh K, Omidkhoda A, Ahmadbeigi N. Optimizing interleukin-2 concentration, seeding density and bead-to-cell ratio of T-cell expansion for adoptive immunotherapy. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:43. [PMID: 34217218 PMCID: PMC8254233 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The successful ex vivo expansion of T-cells in great numbers is the cornerstone of adoptive cell therapy. We aimed to achieve the most optimal T-cell expansion condition by comparing the expansion of T-cells at various seeding densities, IL-2 concentrations, and bead-to-cell ratios. we first expanded the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a healthy donor at a range of 20 to 500 IU/mL IL-2 concentrations, 125 × 103 to 1.5 × 106 cell/mL, and 1:10 to 10:1 B:C (Bead-to-cell) ratios and compared the results. We then expanded the PBMC of three healthy donors using the optimized conditions and examined the growth kinetics. On day 28, CD3, CD4, and CD8 expression of the cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results T-cells of the first donor showed greater expansion results in IL-2 concentrations higher than 50 IU/mL compared to 20 IU/mL (P = 0.02). A seeding density of 250 × 103 cell/mL was superior to higher or lower densities in expanding T-cells (P = 0.025). Also, we witnessed a direct correlation between the B:C ratio and T-cell expansion, in which, in 5:1 and 10:1 B:C ratios T-cell significantly expanded more than lower B:C ratios. The results of PBMC expansions of three healthy donors were similar in growth kinetics. In the optimized condition, 96–98% of the lymphocyte population expressed CD3. While the majority of these cells expressed CD8, the mean expression of CD4 in the donors was 19.3, 16.5, and 20.4%. Conclusions Our methodology demonstrates an optimized culture condition for the production of large quantities of polyclonal T-cells, which could be useful for future clinical and research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Ghaffari
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Torabi-Rahvar
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Aghayan
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jabbarpour
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Moradzadeh
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Omidkhoda
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Generation of a Novel Mesothelin-Targeted Oncolytic Herpes Virus and Implemented Strategies for Manufacturing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020477. [PMID: 33418877 PMCID: PMC7825047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: HER2-based retargeted viruses are in advanced phases of preclinical development of breast cancer models. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface tumor antigen expressed in different subtypes of breast and non-breast cancer. Its recent identification as a marker of some triple-negative breast tumors renders it an attractive target, presently investigated in clinical trials employing antibody drug conjugates and CAR-T cells. The availability of MSLN-retargeted oncolytic viruses may complement the current immunotherapeutic panel of biological drugs against HER2-negative breast and non-breast tumors. Methods: A fully virulent, tumor-targeted oncolytic Herpes simplex virus-1 (MSLN-THV) with a selectivity for mesothelin-expressing cancer cells was generated. Recombineering technology was used to replace an essential moiety of the viral glycoprotein D with antibody fragments derived from clinically validated MSLN monoclonal antibodies, and to allow IL12 cargo expression in infected cells. Panels of breast and female reproductive system cell lines were used to verify the oncolytic potential of the viral constructs. A platform for production of the retargeted viruses was developed in HEK 293 cells, providing stable expression of a suitable chimeric receptor. Results: We demonstrated the selectivity of viral infection and cytotoxicity by MSLN-retargeted viruses in a panel of mesothelin-positive cancer cells, originating from breast and female reproductive system tumors. We also developed a second-generation oncolytic MSLN-THV, encoding IL12, to enhance the immunotherapeutic potential of the viral backbone. A non-tumor cell line expressing a chimeric MSLN/Nectin-1 receptor, de-sensitized from antiviral responses by genetic inactivation of the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING)-dependent pathway was engineered, to optimize viral yields. Conclusions: Our proof-of-concept study proposes MSLN-retargeted herpesviruses as potential cancer immunotherapeutics for assessments in preclinical models of MSLN-positive tumors, complementing the available panel of oncolytic viruses to HER2-negative breast tumors.
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Anti-tumour effect of the fourth-generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting CD133 against cholangiocarcinoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107069. [PMID: 33242709 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) - a lethal bile duct cancer - is ineffective because the disease is usually diagnosed at late and advanced stage. Thus, a novel therapeutic modality is urgently required. Fourth-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR4) T cells was created to target CD133, a well-known cancer stem cell marker, that is highly expressed and associates with cancer progression. The anti-CD133-CAR4 T cells showed high efficacy against CD133-expressing CCA cells. Tumour cell lysis occurred in a dose- and CD133 antigen-dependent manner, and significantly higher, up to 57.59% ± 9.62 at effector to target ratio of 5:1 in a CCA cell line - KKU-213A cells, compared to mock control (p = 0.008). Similarly, significant IFN-γ (p = 0.011) and TNF-α (p = 0.002) upregulation was observed upon tumour treatment. The effectiveness of our anti-CD133-CAR4 T cells will be beneficial not only for CD133-expressing CCA, but also for other CD133-expressing tumours. This study may guide future in vivo study and clinical trials.
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12
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The Landscape of CAR-T Cell Clinical Trials against Solid Tumors-A Comprehensive Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092567. [PMID: 32916883 PMCID: PMC7563774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Certain immune cells, namely T cells, of cancer patients can be genetically manipulated to express so-called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which enables these cells to kill the tumor cells after recognition by the receptor. This therapy is very successful in the treatment of hematologic tumors such as lymphoma or leukemia. However, tumors growing as a solid mass are less susceptible to this kind of treatment. This review summarizes known data of all clinical trials using this therapy against solid tumors that are registered at clinicaltrials.gov. Abstract CAR-T cells showed great potential in the treatment of patients with hematologic tumors. However, the clinical efficacy of CAR-T cells against solid tumors lags behind. To obtain a comprehensive overview of the landscape of CAR-T cell clinical trials against this type of cancer, this review summarizes all the 196 studies registered at clinicaltrials.gov. Special focus is on: (1) geographical distribution; (2) targeted organs, tumor entities, and antigens; (3) CAR transfer methods, CAR formats, and extra features introduced into the T cells; and (4) patient pretreatments, injection sites, and safety measurements. Finally, the few data on clinical outcome are reported. The last assessment of clinicaltrials.gov for the data summarized in this paper was on 4 August 2020.
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Cheng YQ, Wang SB, Liu JH, Jin L, Liu Y, Li CY, Su YR, Liu YR, Sang X, Wan Q, Liu C, Yang L, Wang ZC. Modifying the tumour microenvironment and reverting tumour cells: New strategies for treating malignant tumours. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12865. [PMID: 32588948 PMCID: PMC7445401 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in tumour fate determination. The TME acts together with the genetic material of tumour cells to determine their initiation, metastasis and drug resistance. Stromal cells in the TME promote the growth and metastasis of tumour cells by secreting soluble molecules or exosomes. The abnormal microenvironment reduces immune surveillance and tumour killing. The TME causes low anti‐tumour drug penetration and reactivity and high drug resistance. Tumour angiogenesis and microenvironmental hypoxia limit the drug concentration within the TME and enhance the stemness of tumour cells. Therefore, modifying the TME to effectively attack tumour cells could represent a comprehensive and effective anti‐tumour strategy. Normal cells, such as stem cells and immune cells, can penetrate and disrupt the abnormal TME. Reconstruction of the TME with healthy cells is an exciting new direction for tumour treatment. We will elaborate on the mechanism of the TME to support tumours and the current cell therapies for targeting tumours and the TME—such as immune cell therapies, haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation therapies, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfer and embryonic stem cell‐based microenvironment therapies—to provide novel ideas for producing breakthroughs in tumour therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou Bi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Hui Liu
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Run Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Enhancing the Efficacy of CAR T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061389. [PMID: 32481570 PMCID: PMC7353070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis and lowest survival rate among all types of cancers and thus, there exists a strong need for novel therapeutic strategies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells present a new potential option after successful FDA-approval in hematologic malignancies, however, current CAR T cell clinical trials in pancreatic cancer failed to improve survival and were unable to demonstrate any significant response. The physical and environmental barriers created by the distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) as a result of the desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic cancer present major hurdles for CAR T cells as a viable therapeutic option in this tumor entity. Cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts express extracellular matrix molecules, enzymes, and growth factors, which can attenuate CAR T cell infiltration and efficacy. Recent efforts demonstrate a niche shift where targeting the TME along CAR T cell therapy is believed or hoped to provide a substantial clinical added value to improve overall survival. This review summarizes therapeutic approaches targeting the TME and their effect on CAR T cells as well as their outcome in preclinical and clinical trials in pancreatic cancer.
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15
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Reiser V. Beyond CAR T-Cell Therapy: Continued Monitoring and Management of Complications. J Adv Pract Oncol 2020; 11:159-167. [PMID: 33532115 PMCID: PMC7848815 DOI: 10.6004/jadpro.2020.11.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has recently emerged as a groundbreaking treatment for CD19-expressing hematologic malignancies and received rapid approval by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel are now widely available at CAR T-cell therapy centers around the United States. Many patients have achieved complete response or remission despite failing multiple previous lines of therapy, but some patients endure the severe risks of cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and other immunologic effects. As more patients receive this therapy, they will present to their primary oncologists in the community setting for continued follow-up. Oncology-trained advanced practitioners must then have a working knowledge of CAR T-cell therapy, its toxicities, and follow-up care. This review presents the CAR T-cell therapy development and infusion process with associated immediate management. In addition, patient assessment and disease monitoring, relevant diagnostics, unique grading systems to CAR T-cell therapy toxicities, indications for hospitalization, infection prophylaxis, and management of nonneutropenic and neutropenic fever are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reiser
- University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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16
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Guo H, Li L, Cui J. Advances and challenges in immunotherapy of small cell lung cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2020; 32:115-128. [PMID: 32194311 PMCID: PMC7072020 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly lethal disease, characterized by early metastasis and rapid growth, and no effective treatment after relapse. Etoposide-platinum (EP) combination has been the backbone therapy of SCLC over the past 30 years. It is extremely urgent and important to seek new therapies for SCLC. In the past 5 years, immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte associatedprotein-4 (CTLA-4), has made remarkable achievements in the treatment of patients with SCLC, and it has become the first-line option for the treatment of some patients. Some traditional chemotherapeutic drugs or targeted drugs, such as alkylating agent temozolomide and transcription inhibitor lurbinectedin, have been found to have immunomodulatory effects and are expected to become new immunotherapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to review the efficacy of new treatments for SCLC and discuss the current challenges and application prospect in the treatment of SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Guo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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17
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Transposon-mediated generation of CAR-T cells shows efficient anti B-cell leukemia response after ex vivo expansion. Gene Ther 2020; 27:85-95. [DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Ghaffari S, Torabi‐Rahvar M, Omidkhoda A, Ahmadbeigi N. Impact of various culture conditions on
ex vivo
expansion of polyclonal T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. APMIS 2019; 127:737-745. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Ghaffari
- Cell‐Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
- Student Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
| | - Monireh Torabi‐Rahvar
- Cell‐Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
- SABZ Biomedicals Science‐Based Company TehranIran
| | - Azadeh Omidkhoda
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Cell‐Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
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19
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Folkert IW, Devalaraja S, Linette GP, Weber K, Haldar M. Primary Bone Tumors: Challenges and Opportunities for CAR-T Therapies. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1780-1788. [PMID: 31441962 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary malignant bone tumors are rare, occur in all age groups, and include distinct entities such as osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. Traditional treatment with some combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation has reached the limit of efficacy, with substantial room for improvement in patient outcome. Furthermore, genomic characterization of these tumors reveals a paucity of actionable molecular targets. Against this backdrop, recent advances in cancer immunotherapy represent a silver lining in the treatment of primary bone cancer. Major strategies in cancer immunotherapy include stimulating naturally occurring anti-tumor T cells and adoptive transfer of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) belong to the latter strategy and are an impressive application of both insights into T cell biology and advances in genetic engineering. In this review, we briefly describe the CAR-T approach and discuss its applications in primary bone tumors. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Folkert
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samir Devalaraja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald P Linette
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristy Weber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Penn Sarcoma Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malay Haldar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Penn Sarcoma Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Wiesinger M, März J, Kummer M, Schuler G, Dörrie J, Schuler-Thurner B, Schaft N. Clinical-Scale Production of CAR-T Cells for the Treatment of Melanoma Patients by mRNA Transfection of a CSPG4-Specific CAR under Full GMP Compliance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081198. [PMID: 31426437 PMCID: PMC6721485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells already showed impressive clinical regressions in leukemia and lymphoma. However, the development of CAR-T cells against solid tumors lags behind. Here we present the clinical-scale production of CAR-T cells for the treatment of melanoma under full GMP compliance. In this approach a CAR, specific for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is intentionally transiently expressed by mRNA electroporation for safety reasons. The clinical-scale protocol was optimized for: (i) expansion of T cells, (ii) electroporation efficiency, (iii) viability, (iv) cryopreservation, and (v) potency. Four consistency runs resulted in CAR-T cells in clinically sufficient numbers, i.e., 2.4 × 109 CAR-expressing T cells, starting from 1.77x108 PBMCs, with an average expansion of 13.6x, an electroporation efficiency of 88.0% CAR-positive cells, a survival of 74.1% after electroporation, and a viability of 84% after cryopreservation. Purity was 98.7% CD3+ cells, with 78.1% CD3+/CD8+ T cells and with minor contaminations of 1.2% NK cells and 0.6% B cells. The resulting CAR-T cells were tested for cytolytic activity after cryopreservation and showed antigen-specific and very efficient lysis of tumor cells. Although our work is descriptive rather than investigative in nature, we expect that providing this clinically applicable protocol to generate sufficient numbers of mRNA-transfected CAR-T cells will help in moving the field of adoptive cell therapy of cancer forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wiesinger
- Department of Dermatology, Universtitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes März
- Department of Dermatology, Universtitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirko Kummer
- Department of Dermatology, Universtitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universtitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universtitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Schuler-Thurner
- Department of Dermatology, Universtitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universtitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
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21
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Liu Y, Huang W, Xiong C, Huang Y, Chen BJ, Racioppi L, Chao N, Vo-Dinh T. Biodistribution and sensitive tracking of immune cells with plasmonic gold nanostars. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3403-3411. [PMID: 31190799 PMCID: PMC6514259 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s192189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To quantitatively and sensitively investigate the biodistribution of immune cells after systemic administration. Methods: Immune cells were loaded with plasmonic gold nanostars (GNS) tracking probes. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for quantitative gold mass measurement and two-photon photoluminescence (TPL) was used for high-resolution sensitive optical imaging. Results: GNS nanoparticles were loaded successfully into immune cells without negative effect on cellular vitality. Liver and spleen were identified to be the major organs for macrophage cells uptake after systematic administration. A small amount of macrophage cells were detected in the tumor site in our murine lymphoma animal model. Conclusion: GNS has great potential as a biocompatible marker for quantitative tracking and high-resolution imaging of immune cells at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chuanfeng Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yuxian Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Benny J Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Luigi Racioppi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Nelson Chao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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22
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Ren L, Leisegang M, Deng B, Matsuda T, Kiyotani K, Kato T, Harada M, Park JH, Saloura V, Seiwert T, Vokes E, Agrawal N, Nakamura Y. Identification of neoantigen-specific T cells and their targets: implications for immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1568813. [PMID: 30906664 PMCID: PMC6422382 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1568813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a practically applicable method for T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cell immunotherapy targeting neoantigens, we have been attempting to identify neoantigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) and establish TCR-engineered T cells in a 3-4-month period. In this study, we report the characterization of T cell repertoires in tumor microenvironment (TME) and identification of neoantigen-specific TCRs after stimulation of patient-derived T cells. We screened 15 potential neoantigen peptides and successfully identified two CD8+HLA-dextramer+ T cells, which recognized MAGOHBG17A and ZCCHC14P368L. All three dominant TCR clonotypes from MAGOHBG17A-HLA dextramer-sorted CD8+ T cells were also found in T cells in TME, while none of dominant TCR clonotypes from ZCCHC14P368L-HLA dextramer-sorted CD8+ T cells was found in the corresponding TME. The most dominant TCRA/TCRB pairs for these two neoantigens were cloned into HLA-matched healthy donors' T lymphocytes to generate TCR-engineered T cells. The functional assay showed MAGOHBG17A TCR-engineered T cells could be significantly activated in a mutation-specific, HLA-restricted and peptide-dose-dependent manner while ZCCHC14P368L TCR-engineered T cells could not. Our data showed neoantigen-reactive T cell clonotypes that were identified in the patient's peripheral blood could be present in the corresponding TME and might be good TCRs targeting neoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ren
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Cytotherapy Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Matthias Leisegang
- Institute of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boya Deng
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tatsuo Matsuda
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taigo Kato
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Makiko Harada
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Tanguy Seiwert
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Everett Vokes
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Ye L, Lou Y, Lu L, Fan X. Mesothelin-targeted second generation CAR-T cells inhibit growth of mesothelin-expressing tumors in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:739-747. [PMID: 30651858 PMCID: PMC6307389 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mesothelioma are renowned for being diagnosed at a late stage and poor prognosis. Although surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have yielded successful outcomes, the improvement on the survival rate of NSCLC and mesothelioma have been less marked. Recently, adoptive immunotherapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy demonstrated promise for improving the survival of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with minimum toxicity. However, its application in solid tumors still warrants in-depth investigations and multiple consistent trial results, particularly in eliminating 'off-tumor' toxicity. To explore CAR-T therapy in NSCLC and mesothelioma, second-generation CAR-T cells were constructed targeting mesothelin (MSLN), which is abundant in NSCLC and mesothelioma but is under expressed in normal tissues. The second-generation design incorporated co-stimulatory CD28 and 4-1BB signaling domains to enhance the proliferation. Following the successful analysis of CAR-T cells by flow cytometry, cytotoxicity experiments were performed using the LDH kit to verify the killing effect of CAR-T cells on target cells. Otherwise, the in vivo killing tumor activity of MSLN CAR-T cells was verified by constructing a mouse model using tumor-derived cells from patients to inoculate the mice. When the effector-to-target ratio is >0.5:1, CAR-T MSLN cells exhibited significantly higher ability to kill tumor cells than T cells. In in vivo experiments, mice whose tail vein was injected with CAR-T MSLN cells demonstrated significantly slower tumor growth. Without continuous administration, both groups became gradually synchronized in growth of tumor size, which suggests that the persistence of CAR-T cells is an important issue in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Lou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Liming Lu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Fan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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24
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