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Zhang D, Li L, Li M, Cao X. Biological functions and clinic significance of SAF‑A (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:88. [PMID: 38665420 PMCID: PMC11040223 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As one member of the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family, scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A) or hnRNP U, is an abundant nuclear protein. With RNA and DNA binding activities, SAF-A has multiple functions. The present review focused on the biological structure and different roles of SAF-A and SAF-A-related diseases. It was found that SAF-A maintains the higher-order chromatin organization via RNA and DNA, and regulates transcription at the initiation and elongation stages. In addition to regulating pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA transportation and stabilization, SAF-A participates in double-strand breaks and mitosis repair. Therefore, the aberrant expression and mutation of SAF-A results in tumors and impaired neurodevelopment. Moreover, SAF-A may play a role in the anti-virus system. In conclusion, due to its essential biological functions, SAF-A may be a valuable clinical prediction factor or therapeutic target. Since the role of SAF-A in tumors and viral infections may be controversial, more animal experiments and clinical assays are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiquan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mengni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Cao
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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2
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Wu X, Cao C, Li Z, Xie Y, Zhang S, Sun W, Guo J. Circular RNA CircSLC22A23 Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression by Activating HNRNPU Expression. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1200-1213. [PMID: 38400886 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) play essential roles in cancer occurrence as regulatory RNAs. However, circRNA-mediated regulation of gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of circSLC22A23 (hsa_circ_0075504) underlying GC occurrence. METHODS CircSLC22A23 levels were first quantified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in GC cell lines, 80 paired GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and 27 pairs of plasma samples from preoperative and postoperative patients with GC. Then circSLC22A23 was knocked-down with short hairpin RNA to analyze its oncogenic effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Finally, circRNA-binding proteins and their downstream target genes were identified by RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot assays. RESULTS CircSLC22A23 was found to be highly expressed in GC cells, GC tissues, and plasma from GC patients. Knockdown of circSLC22A23 inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays verified the interaction between circSLC22A23 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU). Knockdown of circSLC22A23 decreased HNRNPU protein levels. Moreover, rescue assays showed that the tumor suppressive effect of circSLC22A23 knockdown was reversed by HNRNPU overexpression. Finally, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was found to be one of the downstream target genes of HNRNPU that was up regulated by circSLC22A23. CONCLUSION CircSLC22A23 regulated the transcription of EGFR through activation of HNRNPU in GC cells, suggesting that circSLC22A23 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chunli Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- The Affiliated People's Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yaoyao Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Weiliang Sun
- The Affiliated People's Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Junming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Pereiro X, Ruzafa N, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Acera A, Ambrósio AF, Santiago AR, Vecino E. Müller glial cells located in the peripheral retina are more susceptible to high pressure: implications for glaucoma. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:5. [PMID: 38183095 PMCID: PMC10770903 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. This study aims to elucidate the critical role of Müller glia (MG) in the context of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, particularly focusing on the influence of peripheral MG sensitivity to high pressure (HP). METHODS Co-cultures of porcine RGCs with MG were isolated from both the central and peripheral regions of pig retinas and subjected to both normal and HP conditions. Mass spectrometry analysis of the MG-conditioned medium was conducted to identify the proteins released by MG under all conditions. RESULTS Peripheral MG were found to secrete a higher quantity of neuroprotective factors, effectively promoting RGC survival under normal physiological conditions. However, under HP conditions, co-cultures with peripheral MG exhibited impaired RGC survival. Moreover, under HP conditions, peripheral MG significantly upregulated the secretion of proteins associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides robust evidence suggesting the involvement of MG in RGC death in glaucoma, thus paving the way for future therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra Pereiro
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Noelia Ruzafa
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehdProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehdProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Santiago
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Vecino
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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Dong YY, Wang MY, Jing JJ, Wu YJ, Li H, Yuan Y, Sun LP. Alternative Splicing Factor Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U as a Promising Biomarker for Gastric Cancer Risk and Prognosis with Tumor-Promoting Properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:13-29. [PMID: 37923250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major global health concern with poor outcomes. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) is a multifunctional protein that participates in pre-mRNA packaging, alternative splicing regulation, and chromatin remodeling. Its potential role in GC remains unclear. In this study, the expression characteristics of HNRNPU were analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas data, Gene Expression Omnibus data, and then further identified by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry using tissue specimens. From superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and hyperplasia to GC, the in situ expression of HNRNPU protein gradually increased, and the areas under the curve for diagnosis of GC and its precancerous lesions were 0.911 and 0.847, respectively. A nomogram integrating HNRNPU expression, lymph node metastasis, and other prognostic indicators exhibited an area under the curve of 0.785 for predicting survival risk. Knockdown of HNRNPU significantly inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in vitro. In addition, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that HNRNPU could affect alternative splicing events in GC cells, with functional enrichment analysis revealing that HNRNPU may exert malignant biological function in GC progression through alternative splicing regulation. In summary, the increased expression of HNRNPU was significantly associated with the development of GC, with a good performance in diagnosing and predicting the prognostic risk of GC. Functionally, HNRNPU may play an oncogenic role in GC by regulating alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Dong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng-Ya Wang
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Radiotherapy, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Jing-Jing Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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5
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Lin S, Li J, Zhao R, Yu M, Peng L. Oxeiptosis core genes and their multi-omics analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36051. [PMID: 37960791 PMCID: PMC10637422 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxeiptosis is a recently discovered caspase-independent, non-inflammatory programmed cell death modality. Current studies suggest that oxeiptosis has crucial effects on biological processes in a variety of diseases. However, the mechanism of oxeiptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear and no relevant studies have been published. Therefore, this study is intended to investigate the mechanism and prognostic role of oxeiptosis-related genes in HCC. We explored the mechanisms and molecular phenotypes underlying the role of oxeiptosis in HCC through multi-omics analysis. Firstly, we obtained RNA-sequencing and clinical data from public database and divided the samples into trial and validation cohorts in subsequent analyses. We then screened oxeiptosis core genes (OCGs) and screened prognosis-related genes. Based on different molecular markers, we identified the molecular phenotypes of HCC, and the potential OCGs molecular mechanisms were explored. Subsequently, we construct a prognostic prediction system for HCC. Finally, we analyzed the tumor microenvironment and the immune escape phenomenon. We screened a total of 69 OCGs, most of which were prognostic risk factors for HCC. A majority of OCGs were enriched in cell cycle regulation and mitotic processes, which were related to both tumor cell proliferation and death. We identified 2 different molecular typing options with significant differences in prognosis, function, and signaling pathway enrichment between different molecular subtypes. The prognostic prediction model combined with molecular phenotypes and had a good predictive effect. Finally, we found CD4 + T-cell exhaustion in samples with specific molecular phenotypes. Through multi-omics analysis of OCGs, we not only revealed the possible molecular mechanisms of OCGs in HCC but also provided a prognostic prediction system for clinical application through molecular typing and risk scoring model. Meanwhile, we found immune escape mechanisms in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Yu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisheng Peng
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Husseiny EM, Abulkhair HS, Saleh A, Altwaijry N, Zidan RA, Abdulrahman FG. Molecular overlay-guided design of new CDK2 inhibitor thiazepinopurines: Synthesis, anticancer, and mechanistic investigations. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106789. [PMID: 37611530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Adopting the molecular overlay approach, three novel sets of thiazepinopurines with expected cytotoxicity and CDK2 inhibition potential were designed and synthesized. This was accomplished through the heteroannelation of purines, for the first time, with thiazepine. The obtained thiazepinopurines derivatives were assessed for their cytotoxicity toward tumor cells of three different types, HepG2, MCF-7, and PC-3 as well as one normal cell (WI38). Among the studied compounds, 3b and 3c exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against tumor cells presenting IC50 range of 5.52-17.09 µM in comparison with Roscovitine (9.32-13.82 µM). Additionally, both compounds displayed superior selectivity indices (SI = 3.00-7.15) toward tested cancer cells. The 4-chlorophenyl analog 3b has shown the best selectivity index, and hence it has been subjected to additional investigations to determine its proper mechanistic effect. Accordingly, the CDK2 inhibition potential, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle analysis of MCF-7 were evaluated. Results revealed that this analog displayed a potent CDK2 inhibition potential with an IC50 value of 0.219 µM. Findings also showed that 3b was thought to arrest MCF-7 cell cycle at S phase together with apoptosis induction by the increased expression of Bax, Caspase-8, and -9 markers with a concomitant decrease in Bcl-2 expression. Besides, the probable interaction of 3b with CDK2 binding pocket was investigated by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal M Husseiny
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11754, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, International Coastal Road, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Najla Altwaijry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riham A Zidan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma G Abdulrahman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11754, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Yuan M, Xu J, Cao S, Sun S. DDX1 is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with immune infiltrations in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:59. [PMID: 36451087 PMCID: PMC9710136 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading lethal malignant tumors worldwide. DEAD-box (DDX) family helicases are implicated in numerous human cancers. However, the role of DDX1 in HCC has not yet been fully elucidated. We downloaded gene expression data and clinical information data of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database and conducted subsequent analyses using the R package and online portal. The results revealed that HCC tissues had higher DDX1 expression compared with either paired or unpaired normal tissues. The increased DDX1 expression was closely related to the advanced pathological grade and histologic grade of HCC. Further analysis suggested that patients with high DDX1 expression contributed to poor prognosis The Cox regression analysis revealed that the expression level of DDX1 was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. In addition, an ICGC cohort was used for external validation. The cBio-Portal, MethSurv, and UALCAN database were used for evaluating the genomic mechanism. Moreover, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource dataset and QUANTISEQ algorithm revealed that DDX1 expression positively correlates with immune infiltrating cells. We also identified the DDX1-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and explored their biological functions by GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses, which indicated that DDX1 may regulate the progression of HCC. In general, increased DDX1 expression predicts a poor prognosis and drives the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Yuan
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hyzen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Cao
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Sun
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Dong P, Gassler N, Taheri M, Baniahmad A, Dilmaghani NA. A review on the role of cyclin dependent kinases in cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:325. [PMID: 36266723 PMCID: PMC9583502 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) class of serine/threonine kinases has crucial roles in the regulation of cell cycle transition and is mainly involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. The expression of CDKs is controlled by a complex regulatory network comprised of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, which are dysregulated during the progression of cancer. The abnormal activation of CDKs results in uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and the induction of cancer stem cell characteristics. The levels of CDKs can be utilized to predict the prognosis and treatment response of cancer patients, and further understanding of the function and underlying mechanisms of CDKs in human tumors would pave the way for future cancer therapies that effectively target CDKs. Defects in the regulation of cell cycle and mutations in the genes coding cell-cycle regulatory proteins lead to unrestrained proliferation of cells leading to formation of tumors. A number of treatment modalities have been designed to combat dysregulation of cell cycle through affecting expression or activity of CDKs. However, effective application of these methods in the clinical settings requires recognition of the role of CDKs in the progression of each type of cancer, their partners, their interactions with signaling pathways and the effects of suppression of these kinases on malignant features. Thus, we designed this literature search to summarize these findings at cellular level, as well as in vivo and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Section of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Durślewicz J, Jóźwicki J, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Zielińska A, Antosik P, Grzanka D, Braun M. High expression of RUVBL1 and HNRNPU is associated with poor overall survival in stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer patients. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:106. [PMID: 36242708 PMCID: PMC9569266 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate expression levels and prognostic significance of RUVBL1 and HNRNPU in stage I and II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Therefore, we evaluated immunohistochemical staining of RUVBL1 and HNRNPU, as well as RNA-seq data from public sources, and the results were evaluated concerning overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological features. We found that RUVBL1 and HNRNPU proteins and mRNA levels were higher in tumor tissues as compared to adjacent/normal tissues. RUVBL1 (p = 0.013) and HNRNPU (p = 0.021) high protein levels were independent prognostic factors for poor OS. Also, the multivariate analysis in the TCGA dataset revealed that high RUVBL1 (p = 0.064) and HNRNPU (p = 0.181) mRNA levels were not significantly associated with prognosis. However, the co-expression status of these markers (R + H +) was independently associated with poor OS both in the TCGA dataset (p = 0.027) and in our cohort (p = 0.001). In conclusion, combined and individual expression of RUVBL1 and HNRNPU proteins, as well as R + H + mRNA status, may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC. This study adds to the previous observations that RUVBL1 and HNRNPU might be novel and promising therapeutic targets and markers for prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Jakub Jóźwicki
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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10
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Chen X, Gong R, Wang J, Ma B, Lei K, Ren H, Wang J, Zhao C, Wang L, Yu Q. Identification of HnRNP Family as Prognostic Biomarkers in Five Major Types of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Curr Gene Ther 2022; 22:449-461. [PMID: 35794744 PMCID: PMC9906633 DOI: 10.2174/1566523222666220613113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), a large family of RNAbinding proteins, have been implicated in tumor progression in multiple cancer types. However, the expression pattern and prognostic value of hnRNPs in five gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including gastric, colorectal, esophageal, liver, and pancreatic cancer, remain to be investigated. OBJECTIVE The current research aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers of the hnRNP family in five major types of gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and Kaplan-Meier Plotter were used to explore the hnRNPs expression levels concerning clinicopathological parameters and prognostic values. The protein level of hnRNPU was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in human tissue specimens. Genetic alterations of hnRNPs were analyzed using cBioportal, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to illustrate the biological functions of co-expressed genes of hnRNPs. RESULTS The vast majority of hnRNPs were highly expressed in five types of GI cancer tissues compared to their adjacent normal tissues, and mRNA levels of hnRNPA2B1, D, Q, R, and U were significantly different in various GI cancer types at different stages. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the increased hnRNPs expression levels were correlated with better prognosis in gastric and rectal cancer patients (log-rank p < 0.05). In contrast, patients with high levels of hnRNPs exhibited a worse prognosis in esophageal and liver cancer (log-rank p < 0.05). Using immunohistochemistry, we further confirmed that hnRNPU was overexpressed in gastric, rectal, and liver cancers. In addition, hnRNPs genes were altered in patients with GI cancers, and RNA-related processing was correlated with hnRNPs alterations. CONCLUSION We identified differentially expressed genes of hnRNPs in tumor tissues versus adjacent normal tissues, which might contribute to predicting tumor types, early diagnosis, and targeted therapies in five major types of GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghan Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;,Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,These authors contribute to this work equally.
| | - Ruining Gong
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,These authors contribute to this work equally.
| | - Jia Wang
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Boyi Ma
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ke Lei
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - He Ren
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266000, China; Tel/Fax: 86-532-82917308; E-mail: and Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Tel/Fax: 86-532- 82919350; E-mail:
| | - Qian Yu
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,Address correspondence to these authors at the Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266000, China; Tel/Fax: 86-532-82917308; E-mail: and Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Tel/Fax: 86-532- 82919350; E-mail:
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Zhang W, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhu X. CSTF2 Acts as a Prognostic Marker Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2691-2709. [PMID: 36117731 PMCID: PMC9481280 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s359545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleavage stimulation factor 2 (CSTF2) encodes a nuclear protein that is implicated in the development of various cancers. However, the role of CSTF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been understood. This study aims to explore the function of CSTF2 in HCC. Methods The expression, diagnostic capability, prognostic value, and immune cell effect of CSTF2 in HCC were explored using various databases. The expression level of CSTF2 were validated in our cell lines. The effect of CSTF2 on hepatocarcinogenesis was explored by CSTF2 silencing. Results CSTF2 expression was significantly elevated in HCC and correlated with multiple clinicopathological characteristics. CSTF2 exhibited good diagnostic capability in discriminating HCC samples from nontumorous samples. High CSTF2 expression was significantly related to poor overall survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that CSTF2 expression was an independent risk factor for HCC. These results were validated in ICGC cohorts. In addition, the nomogram based on CSTF2 showed better predictive performance than the AJCC staging system in TCGA and ICGC cohorts. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that CSTF2-related genes were involved in DNA/RNA processing and the cell cycle. In addition, we found that CSTF2 expression was closely related to the levels of various infiltrating immune cells, especially neutrophils. Moreover, some immune checkpoints had positive relationships with CSTF2 expression. CSTF2 silencing inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration, and promoted apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that CSTF2 silencing inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion High CSTF2 expression not only correlates with unfavorable outcomes but also affects immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in HCC. CSTF2 silencing can alleviate the malignant phenotypes of hepatic cancer cell by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results indicate that CSTF2 can serve as a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipeng Wan
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Kuang W, Ding J, Li J, Ji M, Chen W, Shen H, Shi Z, Wang D, Wang L, Yang P. Systematic Identification of the RNA-Binding Protein STAU2 as a Key Regulator of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153629. [PMID: 35892886 PMCID: PMC9367319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and is difficult to diagnose and treat due to tumor heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. RNA-binding proteins have been studied and their dysregulation has been found to play a key role in altering RNA metabolism in various malignancies. STAU2 is one of them. To investigate the role of STAU2 in PAAD, we monitored the signaling pathway by regulating substrate mRNA and experimentally confirmed that STAU2 is the most potential biomarker for the occurrence and development of PAAD. Furthermore, we found that high expression of STAU2 not only contributes to immune evasion but also correlates with sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting that STAU2 may be a potential target for combined natural therapy. These results demonstrate that STAU2 is a novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for PAAD, revealing STAU2′s utility in cancer therapy and drug development. Abstract Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly aggressive cancer. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate highly dynamic post-transcriptional processes and perform very important biological functions. Although over 1900 RBPs have been identified, most are considered markers of tumor progression, and further information on their general role in PAAD is not known. Here, we report a bioinformatics analysis that identified five hub RBPs and produced a high-value prognostic model based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets. Among these, the prognostic signature of the double-stranded RNA binding protein Staufen double-stranded RNA (STAU2) was identified. Firstly, we found that it is a highly expressed critical regulator of PAAD associated with poor clinical outcomes. Accordingly, the knockdown of STAU2 led to a profound decrease in PAAD cell growth, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis of PAAD cells. Furthermore, through multiple omics analyses, we identified the key target genes of STAU2: Palladin cytoskeletal associated protein (PALLD), Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU), SERPINE1 mRNA Binding Protein 1 (SERBP1), and DEAD-box polypeptide 3, X-Linked (DDX3X). Finally, we found that a high expression level of STAU2 not only helps PAAD evade the immune response but is also related to chemotherapy drug sensitivity, which implies that STAU2 could serve as a potential target for combinatorial therapy. These findings uncovered a novel role for STAU2 in PAAD aggression and resistance, suggesting that it probably represents a novel therapeutic and drug development target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-13681986682 (P.Y.)
| | - Wenbin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiayu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhongrui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-13681986682 (P.Y.)
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Wang J, Yang Z, Tang D, Han R, Bi Z, Lin L. GARS is implicated in poor survival and immune infiltration of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110302. [PMID: 35271987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant cancer with poor survival rates. Glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) is a tRNA-charging enzyme that can serve as a biomarker for multiple tumors. Nevertheless, the role of GARS in HCC remains unclear. METHODS The expression, clinical significance, prognostic value, genetic alterations, immune infiltration and histone modification of GARS in HCC were assessed using multiple databases. The role of GARS in HCC cells was also verified by CCK-8, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays in vitro and by a xenograft model in vivo. RESULTS GARS levels were upregulated in HCC tissues and cells. GARS was confirmed to be a prognostic factor in HCC patients and was significantly correlated with immune infiltration. Enhanced GARS expression in HCC was induced by histone modification of the GARS promotor. Functional network analysis showed that GARS and its coexpressed genes regulate the cell cycle, lysosome and spliceosome. Furthermore, we found that GARS depletion inhibited HCC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and promoted apoptosis in vitro. GARS overexpression promoted growth, reduced xenograft apoptosis and enhanced CD206+ tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that GARS is a promising prognostic and therapeutic marker in HCC and might provide new directions and strategies for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Party Committee Office, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Dongxin Tang
- Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zhanyang Bi
- Graduate School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Graduate School, The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510499, PR China.
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