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Poleboyina PK, Alagumuthu M, Pasha A, Ravinder D, Pasumarthi D, Pawar SC. Entrectinib a Plausible Inhibitor for Osteopontin (SPP1) in Cervical Cancer-Integrated Bioinformatic Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7766-7795. [PMID: 37086377 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the major causes of death in women, especially in developing countries bearing more than a quarter of the global burden. Secreted phosphoprotein-1, also known as OPN (osteopontin), is an integrin-binding glycophosphoprotein that is overexpressed in a variety of tumors. OPN is a chemokine-like calcified ECM-associated protein that plays a crucial role in evaluating the metastatic potential of various cancers. However, the role of SPP1 in the tumor microenvironment and associated signaling pathways in CC is still unclear. In our study, three CC microarray datasets (GSE9750, GSE46857, and GSE67522) were obtained from the GEO database to identify the differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analysis was carried out by Enrichr and ShinyGO and the PPI interaction network was created by using String and Cytoscape. GEPIA datasets were used to validate the top 10 hub genes, and virtual screening, docking, and dynamic simulation studies were used to identify a suitable inhibitor against the OPN protein using MVD, PyRx, and GROMACS respectively. Our results show that a total of 11 DEGs were common for three datasets and gene ontology pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 2 biological processes i.e. programmed cell death and animal organ development commonly affected mechanisms in all three datasets. Docking and dynamic studies revealed that Entrectinib showed excellent binding affinity against OPN protein. Based on the results, we conclude that OPN is one of the most upregulated genes in cervical cancer and Entrectinib emerges to be a promising potential OPN inhibitor to curtail cervical cancer progression. Schematic representation: The schematic representation of methodology steps is illustrated in the graphical abstract. Schematic representation of methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Poleboyina
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, -500007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manikandan Alagumuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, -632014, Vellore, India
| | - Akbar Pasha
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, -500007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Doneti Ravinder
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, -500007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepthi Pasumarthi
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, -500007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Smita C Pawar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, -500007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Silver SV, Popovics P. The Multifaceted Role of Osteopontin in Prostate Pathologies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2895. [PMID: 38001899 PMCID: PMC10669591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate gland, located beneath the bladder and surrounding the proximal urethra in men, plays a vital role in reproductive physiology and sexual health. Despite its importance, the prostate is vulnerable to various pathologies, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Osteopontin (OPN), a versatile protein involved in wound healing, inflammatory responses, and fibrotic diseases, has been implicated in all three prostate conditions. The role of OPN in prostatic pathophysiology, affecting both benign and malignant prostate conditions, is significant. Current evidence strongly suggests that OPN is expressed at a higher level in prostate cancer and promotes tumor progression and aggressiveness. Conversely, OPN is primarily secreted by macrophages and foam cells in benign prostate conditions and provokes inflammation and fibrosis. This review discusses the accumulating evidence on the role of OPN in prostatic diseases, cellular sources, and potential roles while also highlighting areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara V. Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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3
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Ziółkowski P, Woźniak M, Mansour A, An Y, Weber GF. Breast cancer risk in papilloma patients: Osteopontin splice variants indicate prognosis. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:64. [PMID: 36175970 PMCID: PMC9520814 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillomas of the breast pose challenges for treatment decisions as their risk for transformation to breast cancer is low but not negligible. To spare low-risk patients the burden of substantial treatment side effects, prognostic indicators are needed for cancerous progression. The secreted metastasis mediator Osteopontin (OPN) is a marker for breast cancer aggressiveness, and its variants are prognosticators for transformation in diverse premalignant breast lesions. Here, we test whether the presence of OPN-c or OPN-exon-4 in papillomatous lesions may reflect progression risk. METHODS By immunohistochemistry, we analyze OPN-c and OPN-exon-4 in papillomas from 114 women as well as correlations between staining and progression. In departure from prior spliced OPN biomarker publications, we utilize novel monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Fewer than 5% of OPN-c pathology score 0-1 (intensity) versus almost 18% of score 2-3 experienced cancer in follow-up. Nine of 12 women, who progressed, had pathology scores of 2-3 for OPN-c intensity at the time of initial diagnosis, and none had a score of 0. When developing a combined risk score from intensity plus percent positivity for OPN-c, the progression risk for patients with low score was 3.2%, for intermediate score was 5.7%, and for high score was 18.8%. Papillomas in patients, who were later diagnosed with cancer in the contralateral breast, displayed stronger staining positivity than non-progressors. CONCLUSION OPN splice variant immunohistochemistry on biopsies of breast papillomas will allow counseling of the patients on their risk to develop breast cancer at a later time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ahmad Mansour
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yu An
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Georg F Weber
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 3225 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0004, USA.
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Thromboinflammatory Processes at the Nexus of Metabolic Dysfunction and Prostate Cancer: The Emerging Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071679. [PMID: 35406450 PMCID: PMC8996963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As overweight and obesity increase among the population worldwide, a parallel increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer was observed. There appears to be a relationship between both diseases where the increase in the mass of fat tissue can lead to inflammation. Such a state of inflammation could produce many factors that increase the aggressiveness of prostate cancer, especially if this inflammation occurred in the fat stores adjacent to the prostate. Another important observation that links obesity, fat tissue inflammation, and prostate cancer is the increased production of blood clotting factors. In this article, we attempt to explain the role of these latter factors in the effect of increased body weight on the progression of prostate cancer and propose new ways of treatment that act by affecting how these clotting factors work. Abstract The increased global prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and diabetes is mirrored by an increased incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). Ample evidence suggests that these metabolic disorders, being characterized by adipose tissue (AT) expansion and inflammation, not only present as risk factors for the development of PCa, but also drive its increased aggressiveness, enhanced progression, and metastasis. Despite the emerging molecular mechanisms linking AT dysfunction to the various hallmarks of PCa, thromboinflammatory processes implicated in the crosstalk between these diseases have not been thoroughly investigated. This is of particular importance as both diseases present states of hypercoagulability. Accumulating evidence implicates tissue factor, thrombin, and active factor X as well as other players of the coagulation cascade in the pathophysiological processes driving cancer development and progression. In this regard, it becomes pivotal to elucidate the thromboinflammatory processes occurring in the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), a fundamental microenvironmental niche of the prostate. Here, we highlight key findings linking thromboinflammation and the pleiotropic effects of coagulation factors and their inhibitors in metabolic diseases, PCa, and their crosstalk. We also propose several novel therapeutic targets and therapeutic interventions possibly modulating the interaction between these pathological states.
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Wadsworth BJ, Decotret LR, Villamil C, Yapp D, Wilson D, Benard F, McKenzie M, Bennewith KL. Evaluation of 18F-EF5 for detection of hypoxia in localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:1489-1498. [PMID: 34379579 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1959636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common feature of solid tumours that are resistant to therapy is the presence of regions with low oxygen content (i.e., hypoxia). Oxygen electrode studies suggest that localized prostate adenocarcinoma is commonly hypoxic, although conflicting data have been reported between immunohistochemical detection of hypoxia-induced proteins in biopsy specimens and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 18F-labeled hypoxia reporters. Although the 2-nitroimidazole 18F-EF5 is well-established to label hypoxic tumour cells in pre-clinical tumour models and clinical trials of multiple primary tumour sites, it has yet to be tested in prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using 18F-EF5 to detect hypoxia in clinical prostate tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate were recruited for pre-treatment 18F-EF5 PET scans. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on diagnostic biopsies to assess the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), osteopontin (OPN), and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Immunoreactivity scores of staining intensity and frequency were used to indicate the presence of tumour hypoxia. RESULTS We found low tumour-to-muscle ratios of 18F-EF5 uptake that were not consistent with tumour hypoxia, causing early termination of the study. However, we observed GLUT1 and OPN expression in all prostate tumour biopsies, indicating the presence of hypoxia in all tumours. CONCLUSION Our data do not support the use of 18F-EF5 PET to detect hypoxia in prostate adenocarcinoma, and suggest the use of immunohistochemistry to quantify expression of the hypoxia-inducible proteins GLUT1 and OPN as indications of prostate tumour hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J. Wadsworth
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lisa R. Decotret
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Donald Yapp
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Don Wilson
- Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Francois Benard
- Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ferdowsi S, Ghaffari SH, Shiraji ST, Mousavi SA, Mohammadi S. Investigation of the Osteopontin isoforms expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Med Oncol 2021; 38:102. [PMID: 34313836 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the major hematological malignancies. Advances in molecular research have greatly improved our understanding of the process of leukemia formation in AML. Osteopontin (OPN) is a novel molecule that mediates critical processes for cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative expression of OPN gene isoforms in AML patients on days 0, 14, and 28 after chemotherapy. The bone marrow samples were collected from 40 newly diagnosed AML patients (24 male and 16 female with a mean age of 30 years) at the initial time of diagnosis, 14 and 28 days after treatment. The peripheral blood samples of 10 healthy individuals were also collected as the control group. The expression of OPN isoforms was investigated by Real-Time Quantitative PCR. The expression of VEGFc/STAT3/CXCR4 was also investigated by Real-Time PCR. Findings indicated that OPNb and OPNc isoforms had significantly overexpression in AML patients on 14 and 28 days after treatment compared to normal samples (P < 0.05). The level of OPNb and OPNc isoforms was increased significantly in M0, M1, and M2 subgroups with overexpression of VEGFc/STAT3/CXCR4, 28 days after starting chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Our results suggested that OPNb and OPNc isoforms play a major role in cancer relapse. Therefore, they can be used as a valuable prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for relapse of the AML disease. However, these findings need confirmation with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ferdowsi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Tavakkoli Shiraji
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran. .,Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of osteopontin expression in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227953. [PMID: 33635319 PMCID: PMC8350436 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Evaluation of the feasibility for osteopontin (OPN) to serve as a biomarker in the prognosis and clinical-pathological features of prostate cancer (PCA) patients. Methods: The original publications related to OPN and PCA were comprehensively searched in the online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to August 2019. Results were analyzed by Revman 5.3 and Stata 12.0. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the analysis and the result showed that the positive OPN expression group had a lower overall survival than the negative expression group (univariate: hazards ratio (HR) = 2.32, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) [1.74, 3.10], multivariate: HR = 2.41, 95% CI [1.63, 3.57]) and a lower biochemical relapse-free survival than the negative group (univariate: HR = 1.42, 95% CI [0.92, 2.17], multivariate: HR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.39, 1.87]). In addition, there was a higher expression level of OPN in PCA tissues than in normal prostate tissues (OR = 46.55, 95% CI [12.85, 168.59], P<0.00001) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues (OR = 11.07, 95% CI [3.43, 35.75], P<0.0001). Moreover, OPN positive expression was also related to high Gleason score (OR = 2.64, 95% CI [1.49, 4.70], P=0.0009), high TNM stage (OR = 3.15, 95% CI [1.60, 6.20, P=0.0009), high Whitmore–Jewett stage (OR = 2.53, 95% CI [1.06, 6.03], P=0.04), high lymph node (OR = 3.69, 95% CI [1.88, 7.23], P=0.0001), and distant metastasis (OR = 8.10, 95% CI [2.94, 22.35], P=0.01). There was no difference observed in the differentiation of PCA (OR = 1.79, 95% CI [0.39, 8.33], P=0.46). Conclusion: OPN could be recognized as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PCA patients.
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Popovics P, Awadallah WN, Kohrt SE, Case TC, Miller NL, Ricke EA, Huang W, Ramirez-Solano M, Liu Q, Vezina CM, Matusik RJ, Ricke WA, Grabowska MM. Prostatic osteopontin expression is associated with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 2020; 80:731-741. [PMID: 32356572 PMCID: PMC7485377 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) occur in more than half of men above 50 years of age. LUTS were traditionally attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and therefore the clinical terminology often uses LUTS and BPH interchangeably. More recently, LUTS were also linked to fibrogenic and inflammatory processes. We tested whether osteopontin (OPN), a proinflammatory and profibrotic molecule, is increased in symptomatic BPH. We also tested whether prostate epithelial and stromal cells secrete OPN in response to proinflammatory stimuli and identified downstream targets of OPN in prostate stromal cells. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on prostate sections obtained from the transition zone of patients who underwent surgery (Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate) to relieve LUTS (surgical BPH, S-BPH) or patients who underwent radical prostatectomy to remove low-grade prostate cancer (incidental BPH, I-BPH). Images of stained tissue sections were captured with a Nuance Multispectral Imaging System and histoscore, as a measure of OPN staining intensity, was determined with inForm software. OPN protein abundance was determined by Western blot analysis. The ability of prostate cells to secrete osteopontin in response to IL-1β and TGF-β1 was determined in stromal (BHPrS-1) and epithelial (NHPrE-1 and BHPrE-1) cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure gene expression changes in these cells in response to OPN. RESULTS OPN immunostaining and protein levels were more abundant in S-BPH than I-BPH. Staining was distributed across all cell types with the highest levels in epithelial cells. Multiple OPN protein variants were identified in immortalized prostate stromal and epithelial cells. TGF-β1 stimulated OPN secretion by NHPrE-1 cells and both IL-1β and TGF-β1 stimulated OPN secretion by BHPrS-1 cells. Interestingly, recombinant OPN increased the mRNA expression of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, PTGS2, and IL6 in BHPrS-1, but not in epithelial cell lines. CONCLUSIONS OPN is more abundant in prostates of men with S-BPH compared to men with I-BPH. OPN secretion is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines, and OPN acts directly on stromal cells to drive the synthesis of proinflammatory mRNAs. Pharmacological manipulation of prostatic OPN may have the potential to reduce LUTS by inhibiting both inflammatory and fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Popovics
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Petra Popovics, University of Wisconsin, Department of Urology, WIMR 7128, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, Tel: +1 786 474 1086,
| | - Wisam N. Awadallah
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sarah E. Kohrt
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Thomas C. Case
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nicole L. Miller
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Emily A. Ricke
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI
| | - Robert J. Matusik
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - William A. Ricke
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Magdalena M. Grabowska
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Osteopontin-c is overexpressed in KMT2A-AFF1 positive pediatric B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia when compared to those with ETV6-RUNX1". Leuk Res 2020; 91:106316. [PMID: 32114371 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pang X, Gong K, Zhang X, Wu S, Cui Y, Qian BZ. Osteopontin as a multifaceted driver of bone metastasis and drug resistance. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:235-244. [PMID: 31028902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis to bone frequently occurs in majority of patients with advanced breast cancer and prostate cancer, leading to devastating skeletal-related events and substantially reducing the survival of patients. Currently, the crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone stromal compartment was widely investigated for bone metastasis and the resistance to many conventional therapeutic methods. Osteopontin (OPN), also known as SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1), a secreted and chemokine-like glyco-phosphoprotein is involved in tumor progression such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The expression of OPN in tumor tissue and plasma has been clinically proved to be correlated to poor prognosis and shortened survival in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer. This review summarizes the multifaceted roles that OPN plays in bone microenvironment and drug resistance, with emphasis on breast and prostate cancers, via binding to αvβ3 integrin and CD44 receptor and inducing signaling cascades. We further discuss the promising therapeutic strategy for OPN targeting, mainly inhibiting OPN at transcriptional or protein level or blocking it binding to receptor or its downstream signaling pathways. The comprehending of the function of OPN in bone microenvironment is crucial for the development of novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis and against the emergence of drug resistance in advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University.University of Edinburgh and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, 2 Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Haizhu District, 510260, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Icer MA, Gezmen-Karadag M. The multiple functions and mechanisms of osteopontin. Clin Biochem 2018; 59:17-24. [PMID: 30003880 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated glycophosphoprotein having acidic characteristics and rich in aspartic acid. OPN, a multifunctional protein, has important functions on cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and kidney stone diseases and in the process of inflammation, biomineralization, cell viability and wound healing. Osteopontin acts on organisms by playing a key role in secretion levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), integrin αvB3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), macrophage and T cells, regulating the osteoclast function and affecting CD44 receptors. The aim of the present review is to address majority of different functions of OPN protein which are known, suspected or suggested through the data obtained about this protein yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, 06500 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Makbule Gezmen-Karadag
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, 06500 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
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12
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Huang L, Song F, Sun H, Zhang L, Huang C. IRX5 promotes NF-κB signalling to increase proliferation, migration and invasion via OPN in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3899-3910. [PMID: 29761910 PMCID: PMC6050492 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iroquois homeobox gene 5 (Irx5) is a highly conserved member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family. Members of this family play distinct and overlapping roles in normal embryonic cell patterning and development of malignancies. In this study, we observed that IRX5 was abnormally abundant in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues and cell lines. We used gain‐ and loss‐of‐function methods to overexpress and knockdown IRX5 expression in the TSCC cell line CAL27. Our results elucidated that elevated levels of IRX5 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of TSCC cells, whereas stable or transient knockdown of IRX5 expression suppressed TSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. As a transcription factor, IRX5 performed this function by targeting osteopontin (OPN) promoter and activating the NF‐κB pathway. Finally, studies in xenograft tumour model showed that IRX5 significantly enhanced OPN expression and promoted tumour growth. Taken together, our study elucidates a promotive effect of IRX5 in TSCC through the connection with OPN. These findings reveal the new molecular mechanism of TSCC, which may potentiate its use as a novel molecular therapy target for TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hualing Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Osteopontin-a splice variant is overexpressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma and modulates invasive behavior. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52003-52016. [PMID: 27409830 PMCID: PMC5239531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein overexpressed in cancer cells and modulates tumorigenesis and metastasis, including in thyroid cancer (TC). The contribution of each OPN splice variant (OPN-SV), named OPNa, OPNb and OPNc, in TC is currently unknown. This study evaluates the expression of total OPN (tOPN) and OPN-SV in TC tissues and cell lines, their correlation with clinicopathological, molecular features and their functional roles. We showed that tOPN and OPNa are overexpressed in classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (cPTC) in relation to adjacent thyroid, adenoma and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (fvPTC) tissues. In cPTC, OPNa overexpression is associated with larger tumor size, vascular invasion, extrathyroid extension and BRAFV600E mutation. We found that TC cell lines overexpressing OPNa exhibited increased proliferation, migration, motility and in vivo invasion. Conditioned medium secreted from cells overexpressing OPNa induce MMP2 and MMP9 metalloproteinases activity. In summary, we described the expression pattern of OPN-SV in cPTC samples and the key role of OPNa expression on activating TC tumor progression features. Our findings highlight OPNa variant as TC biomarker, besides being a putative target for cPTC therapeutic approaches.
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Wei R, Wong JPC, Kwok HF. Osteopontin -- a promising biomarker for cancer therapy. J Cancer 2017; 8:2173-2183. [PMID: 28819419 PMCID: PMC5560134 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein, has emerged as a potentially valuable biomarker for diagnosing and treating cancers. Recent research focuses on its involvement in tumor biology including the cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological effects of OPN in cancer development could lead to new targets for improving cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review explains how the structurally conserved domains of OPN are associated with OPN signaling mediators and CD44, and how the conserved OPN domains determine biological functions. The authors have reviewed representative works of OPN expression in breast cancer and colorectal cancer to elucidate the relationship between OPN and cancer/tumor biology. It has also been shown that the prognostic sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer improved compared to the individual marker when OPN was analyzed in conjunction with other markers. The therapeutic approaches based on OPN inhibitors are discussed to illustrate recent research progress. Previous clinical data has indicated that OPN has played a unique role in cancer development, but further investigation is required to understand the underlying mechanism. More clinical trials are also required to examine the applicability and efficacy of OPN inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Janet Pik Ching Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
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15
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Osteopontin at the Crossroads of Inflammation and Tumor Progression. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4049098. [PMID: 28769537 PMCID: PMC5523273 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4049098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between tumor and host cells regulate systemic tumor dissemination, a process that begins early at the primary tumor site and goes on until tumor cells detach themselves from the tumor mass and start migrating into the blood or lymphatic vessels. Metastatic cells colonize the target organs and are capable of surviving and growing at distant sites. In this context, osteopontin (OPN) appears to be a key determinant of the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host microenvironment, which in turn modulates immune evasion. OPN is overexpressed in several human carcinomas and has been implicated in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Thus, it represents one of the most attracting targets for cancer therapy. Within the tumor mass, OPN is secreted in various forms either by the tumor itself or by stroma cells, and it can exert either pro- or antitumorigenic effects according to the cell type and tumor microenvironment. Thus, targeting OPN for therapeutic purposes needs to take into account the heterogeneous functions of the multiple OPN forms with regard to cancer formation and progression. In this review, we will describe the role of systemic, tumor-derived, and stroma-derived OPN, highlighting its pivotal role at the crossroads of inflammation and tumor progression.
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Aksoy A, Artas G, Sevindik OG. Predictive value of stathmin-1 and osteopontin expression for taxan resistance in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:560-565. [PMID: 28811771 PMCID: PMC5510103 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.333.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Several pathways are known to be activated during metastasis and treatment of cancer. We investigated the role of osteopontin (OPN) and stathmin-1 (STHMN1) in metastatic castrate-resistant (mCRPC). Methods: We included 30 patients who received at least 6 cycles of taxane regimen for metastatic mPC in the present study. For this study retrospective data was taken from Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Oncology Department between 2009 and 2015. OPN expression and STHMN1 expression were retrospectively evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in biopsy specimens. The relationship between the expression levels of OPN and STMN1 and the response to taxane based regimen and survival was analyzed. Results: There was mild or strong overexpression of OPN and STHMN1 in all the patients. STHMN1 expression was mildly positive (+2) in four of the cases (13.2%) while it was strongly positive (+3) in 25 (83.4%) cases. Similarly, OPN expression was mildly positive (+2) and strongly positive (+3) in five (16.6%) and 25 (87.4%) patients, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the expression levels of STHMN1 and OPN, survival, and response to taxane based regimen (p>0.05); however, OPN overexpression showed a significant correlation with lower Gleason scores (GS) (p:0.032). Conclusions: STHMN1 and OPN may be prognostic markers although they are not predictive markers of response to treatment in mCRPC. The overexpression of OPN may help identifying patients with lower GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asude Aksoy
- Asude Aksoy, Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Artas
- Gokhan Artas, Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Omur Gokmen Sevindik
- Omur Gokmen Sevindik, Department of Hematology, Medical Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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17
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Briones-Orta MA, Avendaño-Vázquez SE, Aparicio-Bautista DI, Coombes JD, Weber GF, Syn WK. Osteopontin splice variants and polymorphisms in cancer progression and prognosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:93-108.A. [PMID: 28254527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is overexpressed in various cancers and promotes oncogenic features including cell proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis, among others. OPN can participate in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment, affecting both cancer and neighboring cells. Here, we review the roles of OPN splice variants (a, b, c) in cancer development, progression, and prognosis, and also discuss the identities of isoforms 4 and 5. We also discussed how single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the OPN gene are an additional factor influencing the level of OPN in individuals, modulating the risks of cancer development and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jason D Coombes
- Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georg F Weber
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC., United States; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.
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18
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Shi L, Wang X. Role of osteopontin in lung cancer evolution and heterogeneity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 64:40-47. [PMID: 27578008 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with lung cancer still have high mortality, recurrence rate after adjuvant treatment, and poor five-year survival rates, despite of advances in multidisciplinary anti-cancer therapies, e.g. chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies, It depends upon the presence of intratumoral heterogeneity and complexity of lung cancer. There is growing evidence to suggest that osteopontin (OPN) may play a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis. The present review briefly describes the structure and molecular biology of OPN, highlights the role of OPN in the development and metastasis of lung cancer, and summarizes potential mechanisms of OPN heterogeneity in tumor to underline some of these inconsistencies. The article will emphasize the importance to understand the role of OPN in cancer evolution and heterogeneity and explore the potential of OPN as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China.
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19
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20
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Discovery and horizontal follow-up of an autoantibody signature in human prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2515-20. [PMID: 25675522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500097112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to an urgent need for improved diagnostic and predictive serum biomarkers for management of metastatic prostate cancer, we used phage display fingerprinting to analyze sequentially acquired serum samples from a patient with advancing prostate cancer. We identified a peptide ligand, CTFAGSSC, demonstrating an increased recovery frequency over time. Serum antibody reactivity to this peptide epitope increased in the index patient, in parallel with development of deteriorating symptoms. The antigen mimicking the peptide epitope was identified as alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein, also known as fetuin-A. Metastatic prostate cancer cell lines and bone metastasis samples displayed robust fetuin-A expression, and we demonstrated serum immune reactivity to fetuin-A with concomitant development of metastatic castrate-resistant disease in a large cohort of prostate cancer patients. Whereas fetuin-A is an established tumor antigen in several types of cancer, including breast cancer, glioblastoma, and pancreas cancer, this report is to our knowledge the first study implicating fetuin-A in prostate cancer and indicating that autoantibodies specific for fetuin-A show utility as a prognostic indicator for prostate cancer patients prone to progress to metastatic disease.
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21
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Tilli TM, Ferreira LB, Gimba ERP. Osteopontin-c mediates the upregulation of androgen responsive genes in LNCaP cells through PI3K/Akt and androgen receptor signaling. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1845-1850. [PMID: 25789054 PMCID: PMC4356391 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a key pathway modulating prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Several steps in this pathway have been investigated in order to propose novel treatment strategies for advanced PCa. Total osteopontin (OPN) has been described as a biomarker for PCa, in addition to its role in activating the progression of this tumor. Based on the known effects of the OPNc splice variant on PCa progression, the present study investigated whether this isoform can also modulate AR signaling. In order to test this, an in vitro model was used in which LNCaP cells were cultured in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) secreted by PCa cells overexpressing OPNc (OPNc-CM). The activation of AR signaling was evaluated by measuring the expression levels of AR-responsive genes (ARGs) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and specific oligonucleotides. The data demonstrated that all nine tested ARGs (Fgf8, TMPRSS2, Greb1, Cdk2, Ndrg1, Cdk1, Pmepa1, Psa and Ar) are significantly upregulated in response to OPNc-CM compared with LNCaP cells cultured in CM secreted by control cells transfected with empty expression vector. The specific involvement of OPNc was demonstrated by depleting OPNc from OPNc-CM using an anti-OPNc neutralizing antibody. In addition, by using a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-specific inhibitor and AR antagonists, such as flutamide and bicalutamide, it was also observed that upregulation of ARGs in response to OPNc-CM involves PI3K signaling and depends on the AR. In conclusion, these data indicated that OPNc is able to activate AR signaling through the PI3K pathway and the AR. These data further corroborate our previous data, revealing the OPNc splice variant to be a key molecule that is able to modulate key signaling pathways involved in PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Martins Tilli
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Research Coordination, National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro 22743-051, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bueno Ferreira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Research Coordination, National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro 22743-051, Brazil ; Natural Sciences Department, Health and Humanities Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro 28895-532, Brazil
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22
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Zduniak K, Ziolkowski P, Ahlin C, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Blomqvist C, Fjällskog ML, Weber GF. Nuclear osteopontin-c is a prognostic breast cancer marker. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:729-38. [PMID: 25625274 PMCID: PMC4333500 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Osteopontin has been known as a marker for cancer progression, the elevated production of this cytokine is not specific for cancer. We have identified the splice variant Osteopontin-c as being absent from healthy tissue but associated with about 75% of breast cancer cases. However, in previous studies of Osteopontin-c, follow-up information was not available. METHODS Here we have analysed 671 patients, comprising a cohort of 291 paraffin blocks plus a population-based case-control study of 380 arrayed breast tumor tissues. RESULTS We find that high staining intensity of nuclear Osteopontin-c is strongly associated with mortality in patients with early breast cancer. Cytosolic staining for exon 4, reflective of Osteopontin-a and -b also predicts poor outcome. By contrast, total Osteopontin does not correlate with prognosis. These diverse assessments of Osteopontin also do not correlate with each other, suggesting distinct expression patterns for the variant forms. Consistent with its role in tumor progression, not tumor initiation, Osteopontin-c is not correlated with proliferation markers (Ki-67, cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin E and cyclin D), neither is it correlated with ER, PR or HER2. CONCLUSIONS The addition of Osteopontin-c immunohistochemistry to standard pathology work-ups may have prognostic benefit in early breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zduniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - P Ziolkowski
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - C Ahlin
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, SE-70185 Örebro, Sweden
| | - A Agrawal
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - S Agrawal
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - C Blomqvist
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M-L Fjällskog
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G F Weber
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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23
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Shevde LA, Samant RS. Role of osteopontin in the pathophysiology of cancer. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:131-41. [PMID: 24657887 PMCID: PMC5916777 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine that impacts cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, invasion, and stem like behavior. Due to its critical involvement in regulating cellular functions, its aberrant expression and/or splicing is functionally responsible for undesirable alterations in disease pathologies, specifically cancer. It is implicated in promoting invasive and metastatic progression of many carcinomas. Due to its autocrine and paracrine activities OPN has been shown to be a crucial mediator of cellular cross talk and an influential factor in the tumor microenvironment. OPN has been implicated as a prognostic and diagnostic marker for several cancer types. It has also been explored as a possible target for treatment. In this article we hope to provide a broad perspective on the importance of OPN in the pathophysiology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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24
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Tilli TM, Bellahcène A, Castronovo V, Gimba ERP. Changes in the transcriptional profile in response to overexpression of the osteopontin-c splice isoform in ovarian (OvCar-3) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:433. [PMID: 24928374 PMCID: PMC4075779 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Especially in human tumor cells, the osteopontin (OPN) primary transcript is subject to alternative splicing, generating three isoforms termed OPNa, OPNb and OPNc. We previously demonstrated that the OPNc splice variant activates several aspects of the progression of ovarian and prostate cancers. The goal of the present study was to develop cell line models to determine the impact of OPNc overexpression on main cancer signaling pathways and thus obtain insights into the mechanisms of OPNc pro-tumorigenic roles. Methods Human ovarian and prostate cancer cell lines, OvCar-3 and PC-3 cells, respectively, were stably transfected to overexpress OPNc. Transcriptomic profiling was performed on these cells and compared to controls, to identify OPNc overexpression-dependent changes in gene expression levels and pathways by qRT-PCR analyses. Results Among 84 genes tested by using a multiplex real-time PCR Cancer Pathway Array approach, 34 and 16, respectively, were differentially expressed between OvCar-3 and PC-3 OPNc-overexpressing cells in relation to control clones. Differentially expressed genes are included in all main hallmarks of cancer, and several interacting proteins have been identified using an interactome network analysis. Based on marked up-regulation of Vegfa transcript in response to OPNc overexpression, we partially validated the array data by demonstrating that conditioned medium (CM) secreted from OvCar-3 and PC-3 OPNc-overexpressing cells significantly induced endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and migration, compared to CM secreted from control cells. Conclusions Overall, the present study elucidated transcriptional changes of OvCar-3 and PC-3 cancer cell lines in response to OPNc overexpression, which provides an assessment for predicting the molecular mechanisms by which this splice variant promotes tumor progression features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Etel R P Gimba
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCa)/Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia do INCa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Kruger TE, Miller AH, Godwin AK, Wang J. Bone sialoprotein and osteopontin in bone metastasis of osteotropic cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 89:330-41. [PMID: 24071501 PMCID: PMC3946954 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying malignant cell metastasis to secondary sites such as bone are complex and no doubt multifactorial. Members of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) family, particularly bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), exhibit multiple activities known to promote malignant cell proliferation, detachment, invasion, and metastasis of several osteotropic cancers. The expression level of BSP and OPN is elevated in a variety of human cancers, particularly those that metastasize preferentially to the skeleton. Recent studies suggest that the "osteomimicry" of malignant cells is not only conferred by transmembrane receptors bound by BSP and OPN, but includes the "switch" in gene expression repertoire typically expressed in cells of skeletal lineage. Understanding the role of BSP and OPN in tumor progression, altered pathophysiology of bone microenvironment, and tumor metastasis to bone will likely result in development of better diagnostic approaches and therapeutic regimens for osteotropic malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Kruger
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Rullo OJ, Woo JMP, Parsa MF, Hoftman ADC, Maranian P, Elashoff DA, Niewold TB, Grossman JM, Hahn BH, McMahon M, McCurdy DK, Tsao BP. Plasma levels of osteopontin identify patients at risk for organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R18. [PMID: 23343383 PMCID: PMC3672798 DOI: 10.1186/ar4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteopontin (OPN) has been implicated as a mediator of Th17 regulation via type I interferon (IFN) receptor signaling and in macrophage activity at sites of tissue repair. This study assessed whether increased circulating plasma OPN (cOPN) precedes development of organ damage in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) and compared it to circulating plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (cNGAL), a predictor of increased SLE disease activity. Methods cOPN and cNGAL were measured in prospectively followed pSLE (n = 42) and adult SLE (aSLE; n = 23) patients and age-matched controls. Time-adjusted cumulative disease activity and disease damage were respectively assessed using adjusted-mean SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (AMS) and SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI). Results Compared to controls, elevated cOPN and cNGAL were observed in pSLE and aSLE. cNGAL preceded worsening SLEDAI by 3-6 months (P = 0.04), but was not associated with increased 6-month AMS. High baseline cOPN, which was associated with high IFNalpha activity and expression of autoantibodies to nucleic acids, positively correlated with 6-month AMS (r = 0.51 and 0.52, P = 0.001 and 0.01 in pSLE and aSLE, respectively) and was associated with SDI increase at 12 months in pSLE (P = 0.001). Risk factors for change in SDI in pSLE were cOPN (OR 7.5, 95% CI [2.9-20], P = 0.03), but not cNGAL, cumulative prednisone, disease duration, immunosuppression use, gender or ancestry using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The area under the curve (AUC) when generating the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) of baseline cOPN sensitivity and specificity for the indication of SLE patients with an increase of SDI over a 12 month period is 0.543 (95% CI 0.347-0.738; positive predictive value 95% and negative predictive value 38%). Conclusion High circulating OPN levels preceded increased cumulative disease activity and organ damage in SLE patients, especially in pSLE, and its value as a predictor of poor outcome should be further validated in large longitudinal cohorts.
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Gimba ER, Tilli TM. Human osteopontin splicing isoforms: known roles, potential clinical applications and activated signaling pathways. Cancer Lett 2012; 331:11-7. [PMID: 23246372 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human osteopontin is subject to alternative splicing, which generates three isoforms, termed OPNa, OPNb and OPNc. These variants show specific expression and roles in different cell contexts. We present an overview of current knowledge of the expression profile of human OPN splicing isoforms (OPN-SIs), their tissue-specific roles, and the pathways mediating their functional properties in different pathophysiological conditions. We also describe their putative application as biomarkers, and their potential use as therapeutic targets by using antibodies, oligonucleotides or siRNA molecules. This synthesis provides new clues for a better understanding of human OPN splice variants, their roles in normal and pathological conditions, and their possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Gimba
- Universidade Federal Fluminense/Polo Universitário de Rio das Ostras, Rua Recife s/n, CEP: 28890-000, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil.
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Tilli TM, Mello KD, Ferreira LB, Matos AR, Accioly MTS, Faria PAS, Bellahcène A, Castronovo V, Gimba ER. Both osteopontin-c and osteopontin-b splicing isoforms exert pro-tumorigenic roles in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2012; 72:1688-99. [PMID: 22495819 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing of the osteopontin (opn, spp1) gene generates three protein splicing isoforms (OPN-SI), designated as OPNa, OPNb, and OPNc, which have demonstrated specific roles in different tumor models. This work aims to investigate the roles of each OPN-SI in prostate cancer (PCa) progression by using in vivo and in vitro functional assays. METHODS The expression levels of OPN-SI in prostate cell lines were analyzed by qRT-PCR. PC-3 was stably transfected with expression vectors containing OPNa, OPNb, and OPNc, as well as empty vector controls. PC-3 cells overexpressing each construct were analyzed for in vivo tumor growth and in relation to different aspects mimicking tumor progression, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and soft agar colony formation. RESULTS OPN-SI are overexpressed in PCa as compared to non-tumoral prostate cell lines. OPNc and OPNb overexpressing cells significantly activated enhanced xenograft tumor growth and PC-3 proliferation, migration, invasion, and soft agar colony formation, as well as the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF. These isoforms also support sustained proliferative survival. We found that both OPNc and OPNb pro-tumorigenic roles are mainly mediated through PI3K signaling. Inhibition of this pathway by using LY294002 specifically inhibited tumor progression features evoked by OPNc and OPNb overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that both OPNc and OPNb splicing isoforms promote distinct aspects of PCa progression by inducing PI3K signaling. These data give support to strategies aiming to downregulate OPNc and OPNb expression as an approach to inhibit PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Tilli
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Programa de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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