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Immunomodulatory Potential of Diuretics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121315. [PMID: 34943230 PMCID: PMC8698805 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, diuretics and their immunomodulatory functions are described. The effects on the immune response of this group of drugs are reported in patients suffering from hypertension and under experimental conditions involving animal models and cell line studies. The pathogenesis of hypertension is strongly connected to chronic inflammation. The vast majority of diuretics modulate the immune response, changing it in favor of the anti-inflammatory response, but depending on the drug, these effects may differ. This topic is significantly important in medical practice regarding the treatment of patients who have coexisting diseases with chronic inflammatory pathogenesis, including hypertension or chronic heart failure. In patients with metabolic syndrome, allergies, or autoimmune disorders, the anti-inflammatory effect is favorable, because of the overstimulation of their immune system. Otherwise, in the geriatric population, it is important to find the proper anti- and pro-inflammatory balance to avoid an enhancement of immune response suppression, which can result in reducing the risk of serious infections that can occur due to the age-diminished function of the immune system. This article is intended to facilitate the selection of an antihypertensive drug that depends on the patient's immune situation.
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Zhang YF, Liu DD, Zhou Y, Lou JZ. Acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention: pathophysiologies, risk factors and preventive measures. Cardiology 2021; 146:678-689. [PMID: 34348269 DOI: 10.1159/000517991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been an effective treatment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the common complications after PCI, which seriously affects the living quality and survival time of patients. The approach followed for the patient with AKI after PCI depends on the clinical context and may vary by resource availability. Summary: This review focuses on the pathophysiologies, influencing factors, and preventive measures of AKI in patients with ACS after PCI. The knowledge may better serve the patients and improve their outcomes. Key Messages: Many studies have been carried out for the definition and standard of AKI in the past few years. Etiologies of AKI after PCI included renal damage of contrast medium and atherosclerotic embolism, cardiac insufficiency and surgical factors on renal function. Basic conditions, treatment modalities, and perioperative changes are major risk factors of AKI. Studies have reported that the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy, modulating the volume overload, some pharmaceuticals and blood purification treatment are helpful to prevent the occurrence of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Zhang
- Department of Healthcare-associated Infection Management, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Da-Dong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Blood Purification Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Zhuang Lou
- Department of Blood Purification Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yu Y, Gao J, Jiang L, Wang J. Antidiabetic nephropathy effects of synthesized gold nanoparticles through mitigation of oxidative stress. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Latek D, Rutkowska E, Niewieczerzal S, Cielecka-Piontek J. Drug-induced diabetes type 2: In silico study involving class B GPCRs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208892. [PMID: 30650080 PMCID: PMC6334951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A disturbance of glucose homeostasis leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the severe side effects that may occur during a prolonged use of many drugs currently available on the market. In this manuscript we describe the most common cases of drug-induced T2DM, discuss available pharmacotherapies and propose new ones. Among various pharmacotherapies of T2DM, incretin therapies have recently focused attention due to the newly determined crystal structure of incretin hormone receptor GLP1R. Incretin hormone receptors: GLP1R and GIPR together with the glucagon receptor GCGR regulate food intake and insulin and glucose secretion. Our study showed that incretin hormone receptors, named also gut hormone receptors as they are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, could potentially act as unintended targets (off-targets) for orally administrated drugs. Such off-target interactions, depending on their effect on the receptor (stimulation or inhibition), could be beneficial, like in the case of incretin mimetics, or unwanted if they cause, e.g., decreased insulin secretion. In this in silico study we examined which well-known pharmaceuticals could potentially interact with gut hormone receptors in the off-target way. We observed that drugs with the strongest binding affinity for gut hormone receptors were also reported in the medical information resources as the least disturbing the glucose homeostasis among all drugs in their class. We suggested that those strongly binding molecules could potentially stimulate GIPR and GLP1R and/or inhibit GCGR which could lead to increased insulin secretion and decreased hepatic glucose production. Such positive effect on the glucose homeostasis could compensate for other, adverse effects of pharmacotherapy which lead to drug-induced T2DM. In addition, we also described several top hits as potential substitutes of peptidic incretin mimetics which were discovered in the drug repositioning screen using gut hormone receptors structures against the ZINC15 compounds subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Latek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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A Proteomic Approach for Understanding the Mechanisms of Delayed Corneal Wound Healing in Diabetic Keratopathy Using Diabetic Model Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113635. [PMID: 30453691 PMCID: PMC6274742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder, and long-term hyperglycemia in diabetics leads to diabetic keratopathy. In the present study, we used a shotgun liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based global proteomic approach using the cornea of streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ) rats to examine the mechanisms of delayed corneal wound healing in diabetic keratopathy. Applying a label-free quantitation method based on spectral counting, we identified 188 proteins that showed expression changes of >2.0-fold in the cornea of STZ rats. In particular, the level of lumican expression in the cornea of STZ rats was higher than that of the normal rats. In the cornea of the normal rat, the expression level of lumican was elevated during the wound healing process, and it returned to the same expression level as before cornea injury after the wound was healed completely. On the other hand, a high expression level of lumican in the cornea of STZ rats was still maintained even after the wound was healed completely. In addition, adhesion deficiency in corneal basal cells and Bowman’s membrane was observed in the STZ rat. Thus, abnormally overexpressed lumican may lead to adhesion deficiency in the cornea of STZ rats.
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Arumugam S, Sreedhar R, Karuppagounder V, Harima M, Nakamura M, Suzuki H, Sone H, Watanabe K. Comparative evaluation of torasemide and spironolactone on adverse cardiac remodeling in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 35. [PMID: 28664677 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (CHF) involves fluid retention and volume overload, leading to impaired cardiac function. In these conditions, diuretic agents are most commonly used to treat edema and thereby reducing the volume load on the failing heart. There are several other beneficial effects of diuretics apart from their action on urinary excretion. METHODS To identify the effects of diuretic agents on adverse cardiac remodeling in CHF, this study was carried out, where we have compared the effects of torasemide and spironolactone in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy induced by porcine cardiac myosin-mediated experimental autoimmune myocarditis. RESULTS Cardiac protein expression levels of inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and fibrosis markers were upregulated in the hearts of CHF rats, while treatment with either torasemide or spironolactone has downregulated their expression. The effect produced by spironolactone on cardiac fibrosis markers was comparably lesser than torasemide. Further, immunohistochemical analysis and histopathological studies have provided evidence to confirm the beneficial effects of these drugs on adverse cardiac remodeling in rats with CHF. CONCLUSION Torasemide treatment has benefits against adverse cardiac remodeling in CHF rats, which was better than the protection offered by spironolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Meilei Harima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology for Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Watanabe K, Sreedhar R, Thandavarayan RA, Karuppagounder V, Giridharan VV, Antony S, Harima M, Nakamura M, Suzuki K, Suzuki H, Sone H, Arumugam S. Comparative effects of torasemide and furosemide on gap junction proteins and cardiac fibrosis in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Biofactors 2017; 43:187-194. [PMID: 27662823 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is the major hallmark of adverse cardiac remodeling in chronic heart failure (CHF) and its therapeutic targeting might help against cardiac dysfunction during chronic conditions. Diuretic agents are potentially useful in these cases, but their effects on the cardiac fibrosis pathogenesis are yet to be identified. This study was designed to identify and compare the effects of diuretic drugs torasemide and furosemide on cardiac fibrosis in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy induced by porcine cardiac myosin mediated experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Gap junction proteins, connexin-43 and N-cadherin, expressions were downregulated in the hearts of CHF rats, while torasemide treatment has upregulated their expression. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis for various cardiac fibrosis related proteins as well as histopathological studies have shown that both drugs have potential anti-fibrotic effects. Among them, torasemide has superior efficacy in offering protection against adverse cardiac remodeling in the selected rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy. In conclusion, torasemide treatment has potential anti-fibrotic effect in the hearts of CHF rats, possibly via improving the gap junction proteins expression and thereby improving the cell-cell interaction in the heart. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):187-194, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | | | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanish Antony
- Department of Pharmacy, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Meilei Harima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
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Sreedhar R, Giridharan VV, Arumugam S, Karuppagounder V, Palaniyandi SS, Krishnamurthy P, Quevedo J, Watanabe K, Konishi T, Thandavarayan RA. Role of MAPK-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in the heart during aging in senescence-accelerated prone mice. Biofactors 2016; 42:368-75. [PMID: 27087487 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is typically related to aging as there is a definite relationship between age-related changes in the heart and the pathogenesis of heart failure. We have previously reported the involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase protein in cardiac function using animal models of heart failure. To further understand its relationship with aging-induced heart failure, we have compared its expression in the hearts of senescence accelerated-prone (SAMP8) mice and their control (SAMR1) with normal aging behavior. We have identified its activation along with reduced expression of 14-3-3η protein in SAMP8 mice hearts than in SAMR1 mice. To reveal the downstream signaling, we have measured the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins along with some inflammatory and apoptosis markers and identified a significant increase in SAMP8 mice hearts than that of SAMR1. In addition, we have performed comet assay and revealed a significant DNA damage in the cardiomyocytes of SAMP8 mice when compared with SAMR1 mice. All these results demonstrate the role of 14-3-3η protein and the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis and DNA damage in aging-induced cardiac malfunction in SAMP8 mice. Thus targeting this signaling might be effective in treating age-related cardiac dysfunction. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(4):368-375, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Suresh S Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Konishi
- NUPALS Liaison R/D Center, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- International Collaborative Research Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, China
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
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Sreedhar R, Arumugam S, Thandavarayan RA, Giridharan VV, Karuppagounder V, Pitchaimani V, Afrin R, Harima M, Nakamura T, Ueno K, Nakamura M, Suzuki K, Watanabe K. Toki-shakuyaku-san, a Japanese kampo medicine, reduces colon inflammation in a mouse model of acute colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:869-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Depletion of cardiac 14-3-3η protein adversely influences pathologic cardiac remodeling during myocardial infarction after coronary artery ligation in mice. Int J Cardiol 2015; 202:146-53. [PMID: 26386943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES 14-3-3η protein, a dimeric phosphoserine-binding protein, provides protection against adverse cardiac remodeling during pressure-overload induced heart failure in mice. To identify its role in myocardial infarction (MI), we have used mice with cardio-specific expression of dominant-negative 14-3-3η protein mutant (DN14-3-3) and performed the surgical ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. METHODS We have performed echocardiography to assess cardiac function, protein expression analysis using Western blotting, mRNA expression by real time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and histopathological analyses. RESULTS DN14-3-3 mice with MI displayed reduced survival, left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Interestingly, DN14-3-3 mice subjected to MI showed increased cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis as compared to their wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, DN14-3-3 mice with MI exhibited activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and markers of maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Cardiac regeneration marker expression also decreased drastically in the DN14-3-3 mice with MI. CONCLUSION Depletion of the 14-3-3η protein causes cardiac dysfunction and reduces survival in mice with MI, probably via exacerbation of ER stress and death signaling pathways and suppression of cardiac regeneration. Thus, identification of drugs that can modulate cardiac 14-3-3η protein levels may probably provide a novel protective therapy for heart failure.
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Karuppagounder V, Arumugam S, Thandavarayan RA, Pitchaimani V, Sreedhar R, Afrin R, Harima M, Suzuki H, Nomoto M, Miyashita S, Suzuki K, Nakamura M, Watanabe K. Modulation of HMGB1 translocation and RAGE/NFκB cascade by quercetin treatment mitigates atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga transgenic mice. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:418-23. [PMID: 25739980 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, glycosylated form of flavonoid compound, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we have investigated the effects of quercetin on skin lesion, high-mobility group box (HMGB)1 cascade signalling and inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. AD-like lesion was induced by the application of house dust mite extract to the dorsal skin of NC/Nga transgenic mouse. After AD induction, quercetin (50 mg/kg, p.o) was administered daily for 2 weeks. We evaluated dermatitis severity, histopathological changes and changes in protein expression by Western blotting for HMGB1, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor (TLR)4, nuclear factor (NF)κB, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf)2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap)1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, cyclooxygenase (COX)2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2Rα and other inflammatory markers in the skin of AD mice. In addition, serum levels of T helper (Th) cytokines (interferon (IFN)γ, IL-4) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quercetin treatment attenuated the development of AD-like skin lesions. Histological analysis showed that quercetin inhibited hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, mast cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, quercetin treatment downregulated cytoplasmic HMGB1, RAGE, nuclear p-NFκB, p-ERK1/2, COX2, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2Rα, IFNγ and IL-4 and upregulated nuclear Nrf2. Our data demonstrated that the HMGB1/RAGE/NFκB signalling might play an important role in skin inflammation, and quercetin treatment could be a promising agent for AD by modulating the HMGB1/RAGE/NFκB signalling and induction of Nrf2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vigneshwaran Pitchaimani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rejina Afrin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Meilei Harima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nomoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miyashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu-city, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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