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Datta N, Vp S, Parvathy K, A S S, Maliekal TT. ALDH1A1 as a marker for metastasis initiating cells: a mechanistic insight. Exp Cell Res 2024:114213. [PMID: 39173941 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Since metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer morbidity and mortality, attempts are focused to block metastasis and metastasis initiating cellular programs. It is generally believed that hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dysregulated redox pathways regulate metastasis. Although induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) can initiate cell motility to different sites other than the primary site, the initiation of a secondary tumor at a distant site depends on self-renewal property of cancer stem cell (CSC) property. That subset of metastatic cells possessing CSC property are referred to as metastasis initiating cells (MICs). Among the different cellular intermediates regulating metastasis in response to hypoxia by inducing EMT and self-renewal property, ALDH1A1 is a critical molecule, which can be used as a marker for MICs in a wide variety of malignancies. The cytosolic ALDHs can irreversibly convert retinal to retinoic acid (RA), which initiates RA signaling, important for self-renewal and EMT. The metastasis permissive tumor microenvironment increases the expression of ALDH1A1, primarily through HIF1α, and leads to metabolic reprograming through OXPHOS regulation. The ALDH1A1 expression and its high activity can reprogram the cancer cells with the transcriptional upregulation of several genes, involved in EMT through RA signaling to manifest hybrid EMT or Hybrid E/M phenotype, which is important for acquiring the characteristics of MICs. Thus, the review on this topic highlights the use of ALDH1A1 as a marker for MICs, and reporters for the marker can be effectively used to trace the population in mouse models, and to screen drugs that target MICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Datta
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 695014
| | - Snijesh Vp
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore- 560034
| | - K Parvathy
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 695014
| | - Sneha A S
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 695014
| | - Tessy Thomas Maliekal
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 695014; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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2
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Takchi A, Zhang M, Jalalirad M, Ferre RL, Shrestha R, Haddad T, Sarkaria J, Tuma A, Carter J, David H, Giridhar K, Wang L, Lange C, Lendahl U, Ingle J, Goetz M, D’Assoro AB. Blockade of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling enhances AURKA-targeted therapy in triple negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1384277. [PMID: 38873259 PMCID: PMC11169658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1384277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancers and mainly affects pre-menopausal and minority women. Because of the lack of ER, PR or HER2 expression in TNBC, there are limited options for tailored therapies. While TNBCs respond initially to standard of care chemotherapy, tumor recurrence commonly occurs within 1 to 3 years post-chemotherapy and is associated with early organ metastasis and a high incidence of mortality. One of the major mechanisms responsible for drug resistance and emergence of organ metastasis is activation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) reprogramming. EMT-mediated cancer cell plasticity also promotes the enrichment of cancer cells with a CD44high/CD24low and/or ALDHhigh cancer stem-like phenotype [cancer stem cells (CSCs)], characterized by an increased capacity for tumor self-renewal, intrinsic drug resistance, immune evasion and metastasis. In this study we demonstrate for the first time a positive feedback loop between AURKA and intra-tumoral PD-L1 oncogenic pathways in TNBC. Genetic targeting of intra-tumoral PD-L1 expression impairs the enrichment of ALDHhigh CSCs and enhances the therapeutic efficacy of AURKA-targeted therapy. Moreover, dual AURKA and PD-L1 pharmacological blockade resulted in the strongest inhibition of tumor growth and organ metastatic burden. Taken together, our findings provide a compelling preclinical rationale for the development of novel combinatorial therapeutic strategies aimed to inhibit cancer cell plasticity, immune evasion capacity and organ metastasis in patients with advanced TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Takchi
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Minzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mohammad Jalalirad
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Roberto Leon Ferre
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Royal Shrestha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tufia Haddad
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jann Sarkaria
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ann Tuma
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jodi Carter
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hillman David
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Karthik Giridhar
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Carol Lange
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James Ingle
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Matthew Goetz
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
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Zhang X, Gunda A, Kranenbarg EMK, Liefers GJ, Savitha BA, Shrivastava P, Serkad CPVK, Kaur T, Eshwaraiah MS, Tollenaar RAEM, van de Velde CJH, Seynaeve CMJ, Bakre M, Kuppen PJK. Ten-year distant-recurrence risk prediction in breast cancer by CanAssist Breast (CAB) in Dutch sub-cohort of the randomized TEAM trial. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:40. [PMID: 37060036 PMCID: PMC10103430 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2/neu-negative breast cancers have a sustained risk of recurrence up to 20 years from diagnosis. TEAM (Tamoxifen, Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational) is a large, multi-country, phase III trial that randomized 9776 women for the use of hormonal therapy. Of these 2754 were Dutch patients. The current study aims for the first time to correlate the ten-year clinical outcomes with predictions by CanAssist Breast (CAB)-a prognostic test developed in South East Asia, on a Dutch sub-cohort that participated in the TEAM. The total Dutch TEAM cohort and the current Dutch sub-cohort were almost similar with respect to patient age and tumor anatomical features. METHODS Of the 2754 patients from the Netherlands, which are part of the original TEAM trial, 592 patients' samples were available with Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC). The risk stratification of CAB was correlated with outcomes of patients using logistic regression approaches entailing Kaplan-Meier survival curves, univariate and multivariate cox-regression hazards model. We used hazard ratios (HRs), the cumulative incidence of distant metastasis/death due to breast cancer (DM), and distant recurrence-free interval (DRFi) for assessment. RESULTS Out of 433 patients finally included, the majority, 68.4% had lymph node-positive disease, while only a minority received chemotherapy (20.8%) in addition to endocrine therapy. CAB stratified 67.5% of the total cohort as low-risk [DM = 11.5% (95% CI, 7.6-15.2)] and 32.5% as high-risk [DM = 30.2% (95% CI, 21.9-37.6)] with an HR of 2.90 (95% CI, 1.75-4.80; P < 0.001) at ten years. CAB risk score was an independent prognostic factor in the consideration of clinical parameters in multivariate analysis. At ten years, CAB high-risk had the worst DRFi of 69.8%, CAB low-risk in the exemestane monotherapy arm had the best DRFi of 92.7% [vs CAB high-risk, HR, 0.21 (95% CI, 0.11-0.43), P < 0.001], and CAB low-risk in the sequential arm had a DRFi of 84.2% [vs CAB high-risk, HR, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.28-0.82), P = 0.009]. CONCLUSIONS Cost-effective CAB is a statistically robust prognostic and predictive tool for ten-year DM for postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2-, early breast cancer. CAB low-risk patients who received exemestane monotherapy had an excellent ten-year DRFi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Aparna Gunda
- OncoStem Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, #4, Raja Ram Mohan Roy Road, Aanand Tower, 2nd Floor, Bangalore, 560027, India
| | | | - Gerrit-Jan Liefers
- Geriatric Oncology Research Group, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Payal Shrivastava
- OncoStem Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, #4, Raja Ram Mohan Roy Road, Aanand Tower, 2nd Floor, Bangalore, 560027, India
| | | | - Taranjot Kaur
- OncoStem Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, #4, Raja Ram Mohan Roy Road, Aanand Tower, 2nd Floor, Bangalore, 560027, India
| | | | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J H van de Velde
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manjiri Bakre
- OncoStem Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, #4, Raja Ram Mohan Roy Road, Aanand Tower, 2nd Floor, Bangalore, 560027, India.
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
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Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Scaffolds Can Expose Unique Individual Cancer Progressing Properties of the Cancer Microenvironment Associated with Clinical Characteristics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092172. [PMID: 35565301 PMCID: PMC9103124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite huge progress in cancer diagnostics and medicine we still lack optimal cancer treatments for patients with aggressive diseases. This problem can be influenced by the biological heterogeneity of cancer cells as well as poorly understood cancer promoting effects of the cancer microenvironment being an important part of the cancer niche. In this study we have specifically monitored the activity of the cancer microenvironment in breast cancer patients using cell-free scaffolds repopulated with reporter cancer cells sensing the activity of the patient environment. The data show that scaffold induced changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pluripotency markers were linked to clinical and prognostic properties of the original cancer and the information was even more precise when matching estrogen receptor status in our system. The findings highlight that patient-derived scaffolds uncover important information about varying malignant promoting properties in the cancer niche and can be used as a complementary diagnostic tool. Abstract Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease in terms of cellular and structural composition, and besides acquired aggressive properties in the cancer cell population, the surrounding tumor microenvironment can affect disease progression and clinical behaviours. To specifically decode the clinical relevance of the cancer promoting effects of individual tumor microenvironments, we performed a comprehensive test of 110 breast cancer samples using a recently established in vivo-like 3D cell culture platform based on patient-derived scaffolds (PDSs). Cell-free PDSs were recellularized with three breast cancer cell lines and adaptation to the different patient-based microenvironments was monitored by quantitative PCR. Substantial variability in gene expression between individual PDS cultures from different patients was observed, as well as between different cell lines. Interestingly, specific gene expression changes in the PDS cultures were significantly linked to prognostic features and clinical information from the original cancer. This link was even more pronounced when ERα-status of cell lines and PDSs matched. The results support that PDSs cultures, including a cancer cell line of relevant origin, can monitor the activity of the tumor microenvironment and reveal unique information about the malignancy-inducing properties of the individual cancer niche and serve as a future complementary diagnostic tool for breast cancer.
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Xing J, Yang J, Gu Y, Yi J. Research update on the anticancer effects of buparlisib. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:266. [PMID: 33717263 PMCID: PMC7885152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Buparlisib is a highly efficient and selective PI3K inhibitor and a member of the 2,6-dimorpholinopyrimidine-derived family of compounds. It selectively inhibits four isomers of PI3K, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ, by competitively binding the lipid kinase domain on adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and serves an important role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis, predominantly by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Buparlisib has been confirmed to have a clinical effect in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A global, phase II clinical trial with buparlisib and paclitaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has now been completed, with a manageable safety profile. Buparlisib currently has fast-track status with the United States Food and Drug Administration. The present review examined the biochemical structure, pharmacokinetic characteristics, preclinical data and ongoing clinical studies of buparlisib. The various mechanisms of influence of buparlisib in tumors, particularly in preclinical research, were summarized, providing a theoretical basis and direction for basic research on and clinical treatment with buparlisib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yingjiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Zhu M, Hong Z, Chen C. Co-culturing polarized M2 Thp-1-derived macrophages enhance stemness of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:709. [PMID: 33987407 PMCID: PMC8106048 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly associated with cancer stem cells, and affects tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of induction of A549 cancer cell stemness by THP-1-derived macrophages. Method The Hedgehog inhibitor (Vismodegib), Notch inhibitor Gamma Secretase Inhibitor (GSI), and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor Cucurbitacin I (JSI-124) were added separately into the co-culture system of A549 cancer cell with THP-1-derived macrophages. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and the Cell-IQ continuous surveillance system were used to examine the cell growth and morphological changes of A549 cells. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of stem cell markers were respectively analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, and the activity of Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qRT-PCR assays were performed to evaluate the activation and differentiation of macrophages. Results Results showed that the proliferation and stemness of A549 cells were significantly enhanced by co-culturing with THP-1-derived macrophages. The expression levels of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in macrophages were notably increased after co-culturing with A549 cells. Meanwhile, co-culturing with A549 cells induced the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. Moreover, the inhibitors could reduce the proliferation and stemness of the co-culture system, and decrease the expression of TGF-β and IL-6. Conclusions These results suggested that co-culturing A549 cells with THP-1-derived macrophages could induce the stemness of A549 cells via multiple pro-tumorigenic pathways. Thus, inhibition of the interaction between macrophages and lung cancer stem cells may be a viable target for lung cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zipu Hong
- Department of Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Gilreath C, Boerma M, Qin Z, Hudson MK, Wang S. The Hypoxic Microenvironment of Breast Cancer Cells Promotes Resistance in Radiation Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 10:629422. [PMID: 33680952 PMCID: PMC7930560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.629422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Cancer Society has estimated an expected 279,100 new breast cancer cases, and an expected 42,690 breast cancer deaths in the U.S. for the year 2020. This includes an estimated 276,480 women who are expected to be diagnosed. Radiation therapy, also called ionizing radiation therapy, is one of the most frequently used methods in the treatment of breast cancer. While radiation therapy is used in the treatment of more than 50% of all cancer cases, tumor resistance to ionizing radiation presents a major challenge for effective cancer treatment. Most tumor cells are in a hypoxic microenvironment that promotes resistance to radiation therapy. In addition to radiation resistance, the hypoxic microenvironment also promotes cancer proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the hypoxic microenvironment of breast cancer tumors, related signaling pathways, breast cancer stem-like cells, and the resistance to radiation therapy. Recent developments in our understanding of tumor hypoxia and hypoxic pathways may assist us in developing new strategies to increase cancer control in radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordell Gilreath
- Chemistry Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - M Keith Hudson
- Chemistry Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Chemistry Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, United States
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8
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Gelardi ELM, Colombo G, Picarazzi F, Ferraris DM, Mangione A, Petrarolo G, Aronica E, Rizzi M, Mori M, La Motta C, Garavaglia S. A Selective Competitive Inhibitor of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A3 Hinders Cancer Cell Growth, Invasiveness and Stemness In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020356. [PMID: 33478031 PMCID: PMC7835878 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aldehyde dehydrogenases enzymes (ALDHs) are promising drug targets in cancer therapy. ALDHs are members of an enzymatic superfamily composed by 19 isoforms involved in the oxidation of aldehydes, with a scavenger role. Among them, the isoform ALDH1A3 is a cancer biomarker since it is highly expressed in cancer stem cells characterized by a marked drug resistance and the capacity to promote self-renewal, clonogenic growth and tumour-initiating capacity. In this paper, we present the first highly potent and selective ALDH1A3 inhibitor able to induce cytotoxic effects and to reduce cell migration and stemness of ALDH1A3-positive cancer cells. We propose the targeting of the ALDH1A3 enzyme as a promising approach for improving the treatments outcomes of patients affected by ALDH1A3-positive cancers. Abstract Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) belongs to an enzymatic superfamily composed by 19 different isoforms, with a scavenger role, involved in the oxidation of a plethora of aldehydes to the respective carboxylic acids, through a NAD+-dependent reaction. Previous clinical studies highlighted the high expression of ALDH1A3 in cancer stem cells (CSCs) correlated to a higher risk of cancer relapses, chemoresistance and a poor clinical outcome. We report on the structural, biochemical, and cellular characterization of NR6, a new selective ALDH1A3 inhibitor derived from an already published ALDH non-selective inhibitor with cytotoxic activity on glioblastoma and colorectal cancer cells. Crystal structure, through X-Ray analysis, showed that NR6 binds a non-conserved tyrosine residue of ALDH1A3 which drives the selectivity towards this isoform, as supported by computational binding simulations. Moreover, NR6 shows anti-metastatic activity in wound healing and invasion assays and induces the downregulation of cancer stem cell markers. Overall, our work confirms the role of ALDH1A3 as an important target in glioblastoma and colorectal cells and propose NR6 as a promising molecule for future preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo L. M. Gelardi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.L.M.G.); (G.C.); (D.M.F.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.L.M.G.); (G.C.); (D.M.F.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesca Picarazzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Davide M. Ferraris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.L.M.G.); (G.C.); (D.M.F.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrea Mangione
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.L.M.G.); (G.C.); (D.M.F.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Giovanni Petrarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), 2103 Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.L.M.G.); (G.C.); (D.M.F.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mattia Mori
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
- CISUP—Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Garavaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.L.M.G.); (G.C.); (D.M.F.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321375714
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Lee HY, Hong IS. Targeting Liver Cancer Stem Cells: An Alternative Therapeutic Approach for Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102746. [PMID: 32987767 PMCID: PMC7598600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The first report of cancer stem cell (CSC) from Bruce et al. has demonstrated the relatively rare population of stem-like cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The discovery of leukemic CSCs prompted further identification of CSCs in multiple types of solid tumor. Recently, extensive research has attempted to identity CSCs in multiple types of solid tumors in the brain, colon, head and neck, liver, and lung. Based on these studies, we hypothesize that the initiation and progression of most malignant tumors rely largely on the CSC population. Recent studies indicated that stem cell-related markers or signaling pathways, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and Notch signaling, contribute to the initiation and progression of various liver cancer types. Importantly, CSCs are markedly resistant to conventional therapeutic approaches and current targeted therapeutics. Therefore, it is believed that selectively targeting specific markers and/or signaling pathways of hepatic CSCs is an effective therapeutic strategy for treating chemotherapy-resistant liver cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the hepatic CSC hypothesis and discuss the specific surface markers and critical signaling pathways involved in the development and maintenance of hepatic CSC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367700, Korea;
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406840, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-899-6315; Fax: +82-32-899-6350
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Dillard C, Kiyohara M, Mah V, McDermott SP, Bazzoun D, Tsui J, Chan AM, Haddad G, Pellegrini M, Chang YL, Elshimali Y, Wu Y, Vadgama JV, Kim SR, Goodglick L, Law SM, Patel DD, Dhawan P, O'Brien NA, Gordon LK, Braun J, Lazar G, Wicha MS, Wadehra M. EMP2 Is a Novel Regulator of Stemness in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1682-1695. [PMID: 32451329 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) in breast cancer development or progression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that EMP2 may regulate the formation or self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) in the tumor microenvironment. In silico analysis of gene expression data demonstrated a correlation of EMP2 expression with known metastasis-related genes and markers of cancer stem cells (CSC) including aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). In breast cancer cell lines, EMP2 overexpression increased and EMP2 knockdown decreased the proportion of stem-like cells as assessed by the expression of the CSC markers CD44+/CD24-, ALDH activity, or by tumor sphere formation. In vivo, upregulation of EMP2 promoted tumor growth, whereas knockdown reduced the ALDHhigh CSC population as well as retarded tumor growth. Mechanistically, EMP2 functionally regulated the response to hypoxia through the upregulation of HIF-1α, a transcription factor previously shown to regulate the self-renewal of ALDHhigh CSCs. Furthermore, in syngeneic mouse models and primary human tumor xenografts, mAbs directed against EMP2 effectively targeted CSCs, reducing the ALDH+ population and blocking their tumor-initiating capacity when implanted into secondary untreated mice. Collectively, our results show that EMP2 increases the proportion of tumor-initiating cells, providing a rationale for the continued development of EMP2-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Dillard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Meagan Kiyohara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vei Mah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sean P McDermott
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dana Bazzoun
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jessica Tsui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ann M Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ghassan Haddad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sara R Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lee Goodglick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Samuel M Law
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Deven D Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Neil A O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lynn K Gordon
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gary Lazar
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. .,Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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11
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Yang CE, Lee WY, Cheng HW, Chung CH, Mi FL, Lin CW. The antipsychotic chlorpromazine suppresses YAP signaling, stemness properties, and drug resistance in breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Chen DD, Ji JA, Yan HC, Huang GH, Fang XJ. Effect of CD44st and HER2 expression on the postoperative prognosis of breast cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:577-585. [PMID: 30697055 PMCID: PMC6339464 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s180972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective CD44st is a member of the CD44 family; abnormal expression of some CD44 isoforms are closely associated with axillary lymph node metastasis, cancer progression, and patients’ prognosis. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between the expression of CD44st and HER2 in breast cancer and the effect on patients’ prognosis. Methods Primers were designed to target the CD44st mRNA (Gene Bank No FJ216964) which has been newly identified in a drug-resistant breast cancer cell line. The expression of CD44st and HER2 mRNA and proteins in cancerous and paracancerous tissue of postoperative breast cancer patients was detected and compared. Tissue samples were obtained from 102 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, 19 cases of intraductal carcinoma, and 11 cases of medullary carcinoma. The correlation between CD44st and HER2 expression and clinical pathological features was examined. Results The expression rate of CD44st mRNA and protein in breast cancer tissue was 64.4% (85/132), while HER2 mRNA and protein was expressed in 22.0% (29/106) of the samples. The expression of CD44st and HER2 were low in paracancerous tissue. In breast cancer tissue, the expression rate of HER2 mRNA and protein in the CD44st-positive group was 28.2% (24/85), and 10.6% (5/47) in the CD44st-negative group. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.015). Sequencing analysis showed that the amplified CD44st gene in this study was the same as that which was previously discovered in the drug-resistant breast cancer cell line. A linear correlation was found between the expression of CD44st and HER2 (r=0.972, r2=0.945, F=2,213.51, P<0.001). The expression of CD44st and HER2 was also closely associated with luminal cancer subtypes, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P<0.05), but not associated with age, pathological type, or tumor size (P>0.05). The median overall survival in the CD44st high-expression group was 51.85 months (95% CI: 48.48–55.22), which was significantly shorter than that in the CD44st low-expression group (57.61 months; 95% CI: 55.54–59.68, P=0.032). Conclusion CD44st is closely related to the expression of HER2. The expression of CD44st affects patient prognosis and is associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, and molecular subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China, ;
| | - Jun An Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Gan Yu District Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Hai Cui Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China, ;
| | - Guan Hong Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China, ;
| | - Xin Jian Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China, ;
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13
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Toledo-Guzmán ME, Hernández MI, Gómez-Gallegos ÁA, Ortiz-Sánchez E. ALDH as a Stem Cell Marker in Solid Tumors. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:375-388. [PMID: 30095061 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180810120012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is an enzyme that participates in important cellular mechanisms as aldehyde detoxification and retinoic acid synthesis; moreover, ALDH activity is involved in drug resistance, a characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Even though ALDH is found in stem cells, CSCs and progenitor cells, this enzyme has been successfully used to identify and isolate cell populations with CSC properties from several tumor origins. ALDH is allegedly involved in cell differentiation through its product, retinoic acid. However, direct or indirect ALDH inhibition, using specific inhibitors or retinoic acid, has shown a reduction in ALDH activity, along with the loss of stem cell traits, reduction of cell proliferation, invasion, and drug sensitization. For these reasons, ALDH and retinoic acid are promising therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the current evidence for ALDH as a CSCs marker in solid tumors, as well as current knowledge about the functional roles of ALDH in CSCs. We discuss the controversy of ALDH activity to maintain CSC stemness, or conversely, to promote cell differentiation. Finally, we review the advances in using ALDH inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel E Toledo-Guzmán
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Laboratorio de Terapia Genica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Posgrado de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia Molecular, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Av San Fernando 22, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ibañez Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Laboratorio de Terapia Genica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Posgrado de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia Molecular, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel A Gómez-Gallegos
- Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Av San Fernando 22, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Av San Fernando 22, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Sridharan S, Robeson M, Bastihalli-Tukaramrao D, Howard CM, Subramaniyan B, Tilley AMC, Tiwari AK, Raman D. Targeting of the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4A Against Breast Cancer Stemness. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1311. [PMID: 31867270 PMCID: PMC6909344 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are intrinsically chemoresistant and capable of self-renewal. Following chemotherapy, patients can develop minimal residual disease due to BCSCs which can repopulate into a relapsed tumor. Therefore, it is imperative to co-target BCSCs along with the bulk tumor cells to achieve therapeutic success and prevent recurrence. So, it is vital to identify actionable molecular targets against both BCSCs and bulk tumor cells. Previous findings from our lab and others have demonstrated that inhibition of the emerging drug target eIF4A with Rocaglamide A (RocA) was efficacious against triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC). RocA specifically targets the pool of eIF4A bound to the oncogenic mRNAs that requires its helicase activity for their translation. This property enables specific targeting of tumor cells. The efficacy of RocA against BCSCs is unknown. In this study, we postulated that eIF4A could be a vulnerable node in BCSCs. In order to test this, we generated a paclitaxel-resistant TNBC cell line which demonstrated an elevated level of eIF4A along with increased levels of cancer stemness markers (ALDH activity and CD44), pluripotency transcription factors (SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG) and drug transporters (ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1). Furthermore, genetic ablation of eIF4A resulted in reduced expression of ALDH1A1, pluripotency transcription factors and drug transporters. This pointed out that eIF4A is likely associated with selected set of proteins that are critical to BCSCs, and hence targeting eIF4A may eliminate BCSCs. Therefore, we isolated BCSCs from two TNBC cell lines: MDA-Bone-Un and SUM-159PT. Following RocA treatment, the self-renewal ability of the BCSCs was significantly reduced as determined by the efficiency of the formation of primary and secondary mammospheres. This was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of NANOG, OCT4, and drug transporters. Exposure to RocA also induced cell death of the BCSCs as evaluated by DRAQ7 and cell viability assays. RocA treatment induced apoptosis with increased levels of cleaved caspase-3. Overall, we identified that RocA is effective in targeting BCSCs, and eIF4A is an actionable molecular target in both BCSCs and bulk tumor cells. Therefore, anti-eIF4A inhibitors could potentially be combined synergistically with existing chemo-, radio- and/or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sridharan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Megan Robeson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Diwakar Bastihalli-Tukaramrao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Cory M. Howard
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Boopathi Subramaniyan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Augustus M. C. Tilley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Dayanidhi Raman
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15
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Toledo-Guzmán ME, Bigoni-Ordóñez GD, Ibáñez Hernández M, Ortiz-Sánchez E. Cancer stem cell impact on clinical oncology. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:183-195. [PMID: 30613312 PMCID: PMC6306557 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i12.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a widespread worldwide chronic disease. In most cases, the high mortality rate from cancer correlates with a lack of clear symptoms, which results in late diagnosis for patients, and consequently, advanced tumor disease with poor probabilities for cure, since many patients will show chemo- and radio-resistance. Several mechanisms have been studied to explain chemo- and radio-resistance to anti-tumor therapies, including cell signaling pathways, anti-apoptotic mechanisms, stemness, metabolism, and cellular phenotypes. Interestingly, the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a subset of cells within the tumors, has been related to therapy resistance. In this review, we focus on evaluating the presence of CSCs in different tumors such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and hematological neoplasias, highlighting studies where CSCs were identified in patient samples. It is evident that there has been a great drive to identify the cell surface phenotypes of CSCs so that they can be used as a tool for anti-tumor therapy treatment design. We also review the potential effect of nanoparticles, drugs, natural compounds, aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors, cell signaling inhibitors, and antibodies to treat CSCs from specific tumors. Taken together, we present an overview of the role of CSCs in tumorigenesis and how research is advancing to target these highly tumorigenic cells to improve oncology patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel E Toledo-Guzmán
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Ibáñez Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Posgrado de Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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16
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Ying Zhi L, Xu Z, Ning L, Jia Jin L, Hai Cui Y, Hong HG, Fang XJ. A correlation study of the expression of HA-CD44st and HER-2 in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5677-5688. [PMID: 30254460 PMCID: PMC6141113 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s160531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA)-CD44st on the invasive ability of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and the correlation between the expression of CD44st and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) in postoperative breast cancer patients. Materials and methods MCF-7 cells transfected with the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-CD44st (MCF/CD44st) were used to examine the effect of the activation of the HA-CD44st-transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway on the invasive ability of MCF-7 cells. The expression of proteins related to this signaling pathway was assessed by flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting, and the role of AP-1 in the pathway was investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The effect of pathway activation on the invasion of MCF-7 cells was assessed by Transwell assay, and CD44 expression in breast cancer tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of CD44st and HER-2 in breast cancer tissue and their correlation was investigated. Results HA significantly upregulated HER-2 and TGFβ in MCF-7/CD44st cells, increased p-AKT expression and AP-1 activity, and promoted the invasive ability of tumor cells. CD44st mRNA expression had significant difference between breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05), and high expression of CD44st mRNA was closely correlated with HER-2 expression in breast cancer tissues. Conclusion Binding of HA to the CD44st receptor may regulate the invasiveness of MCF-7 cells through the CD44st/TGFβ/PI3K/AP-1 signaling pathway with increased expression of TGFβ and HER-2. The expression of CD44st mRNA is correlated with HER-2 expression in postoperative breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ying Zhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhang Xu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 2012013, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ning
- Department of Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jia Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Information Center, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hai Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Huang Guan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xin Jian Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College), Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China, ;
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Sulaiman A, Yao ZM, Wang LS. Re-evaluating the role of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in cancer progression. J Biomed Res 2016; 32:81-90. [PMID: 28546516 PMCID: PMC5895572 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are essential for embryonic development and also important in cancer progression. In a conventional model, epithelial-like cancer cells transit to mesenchymal-like tumor cells with great motility via EMT transcription factors; these mesenchymal-like cells migrate through the circulation system, relocate to a suitable site and then convert back to an epithelial-like phenotype to regenerate the tumor. However, recent findings challenge this conventional model and support the existence of a stable hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) tumor population. Hybrid E/M tumor cells exhibit both epithelial and mesenchymal properties, possess great metastatic and tumorigenic capacity and are associated with poorer patient prognosis. The hybrid E/M model and associated regulatory networks represent a conceptual change regarding tumor metastasis and organ colonization. It may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies to ultimately stop cancer progression and improve disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ze-Min Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
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