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Stelter K, Alabssi A, Bonaterra GA, Schwarzbach H, Fendrich V, Slater EP, Kinscherf R, Hildebrandt W. Increased Myocardial MAO-A, Atrogin-1, and IL-1β Expression in Transgenic Mice with Pancreatic Carcinoma-Benefit of MAO-A Inhibition for Cardiac Cachexia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2009. [PMID: 39335522 PMCID: PMC11428447 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) continues to challenge clinicians by massively impairing patients' prognosis, mobility, and quality of life through skeletal muscle wasting. CC also includes cardiac cachexia as characterized by atrophy, compromised metabolism, innervation and function of the myocardium through factors awaiting clarification for therapeutic targeting. Because monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is a myocardial source of H2O2 and implicated in myofibrillar protein catabolism and heart failure, we presently studied myocardial MAO-A expression, inflammatory cells, and capillarization together with transcripts of pro-inflammatory, -angiogenic, -apoptotic, and -proteolytic signals (by qRT-PCR) in a 3x-transgenic (LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-TrP53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre) mouse model of orthotopic pancreatic ductal adenoarcinoma (PDAC) compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of MAO-A inhibition by application of harmine hydrochloride (HH, 8 weeks, i.p., no sham control) on PDAC-related myocardial alterations. Myocardial MAO-A protein content was significantly increased (1.69-fold) in PDAC compared to WT mice. PDAC was associated with an increased percentage of atrogin-1+ (p < 0.001), IL-1β+ (p < 0.01), COX2+ (p < 0.001), and CD68+ (p > 0.05) cells and enhanced transcripts of pro-inflammatory IL-1β (2.47-fold), COX2 (1.53-fold), TNF (1.87-fold), and SOCS3 (1.64-fold). Moreover, PDAC was associated with a reduction in capillary density (-17%, p < 0.05) and transcripts of KDR (0.46-fold) but not of VEGFA, Notch1, or Notch3. Importantly, HH treatment largely reversed the PDAC-related increases in atrogin-1+, IL-1β+, and TNF+ cell fraction as well as in COX2, IL-1β, TNF, and SOCS3 transcripts, whereas capillary density and KDR transcripts failed to improve. In mice with PDAC, increased myocardial pro-atrophic/-inflammatory signals are attributable to increased expression of MAO-A, because they are significantly improved with MAO-A inhibition as a potential novel therapeutic option. The PDAC-related loss in myocardial capillary density may be due to other mechanisms awaiting evaluation with consideration of cardiomyocyte size, cardiac function and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Stelter
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.S.); (A.A.); (G.A.B.); (H.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Annalena Alabssi
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.S.); (A.A.); (G.A.B.); (H.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Gabriel Alejandro Bonaterra
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.S.); (A.A.); (G.A.B.); (H.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Hans Schwarzbach
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.S.); (A.A.); (G.A.B.); (H.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Volker Fendrich
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (V.F.); (E.P.S.)
| | - Emily P. Slater
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (V.F.); (E.P.S.)
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.S.); (A.A.); (G.A.B.); (H.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Wulf Hildebrandt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.S.); (A.A.); (G.A.B.); (H.S.); (R.K.)
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Moradikhah F, Shabani I, Tafazzoli Shadpour M. Fabrication of a tailor-made conductive polyaniline/ascorbic acid-coated nanofibrous mat as a conductive and antioxidant cell-free cardiac patch. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035004. [PMID: 38507809 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad35e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) wasin-situpolymerized on nanofibrous polycaprolactone mats as cell-free antioxidant cardiac patches (CPs), providing electrical conductivity and antioxidant properties. The fabricated CPs took advantage of intrinsic and additive antioxidant properties in the presence of PANI backbone and ascorbic acid as a biocompatible dopant of PANI. The antioxidant nature of CPs may reduce the serious repercussions of oxidative stress, produced during the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) process following myocardial infarction. The polymerization parameters were considered as aniline (60 mM, 90 mM, and 120 mM), ascorbic acid concentrations ([aniline]:[ascorbic acid] = 3:0, 3:0.5, 3:1, 3:3), and polymerization time (1 h and 3 h). Mainly, the more aniline concentrations and polymerization time, the less sheet resistance was obtained. 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay confirmed the dual antioxidant properties of prepared samples. The advantage of the employedin-situpolymerization was confirmed by the de-doping/re-doping process. Non-desirable groups were excluded based on their electrical conductivity, antioxidant properties, and biocompatibility. The remained groups protected H9c2 cells against oxidative stress and hypoxia conditions. Selected CPs reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species content and mRNA level of caspase-3 while the Bcl-2 mRNA level was improved. Also, the selected cardiac patch could attenuate the hypertrophic impact of hydrogen peroxide on H9c2 cells. Thein vivoresults of the skin flap model confirmed the CP potency to attenuate the harmful impact of I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Moradikhah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 1591634311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Shabani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 1591634311 Tehran, Iran
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Hydroxytyrosol Recovers SARS-CoV-2-PLpro-Dependent Impairment of Interferon Related Genes in Polarized Human Airway, Intestinal and Liver Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081466. [PMID: 36009185 PMCID: PMC9404978 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused approximately 6.3 million deaths, mainly due to the acute respiratory distress syndrome or multi-organ failure that characterizes COVID-19 acute disease. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, also known as long-COVID, is a condition characterized by a complex of symptoms that affects 10–20% of the individuals who have recovered from the infection. Scientific and clinical evidence demonstrates that long-COVID can develop in both adults and children. It has been hypothesized that multi-organ effects of long-COVID could be associated with the persistence of virus RNA/proteins in host cells, but the real mechanism remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of the exogenous expression of the papain-like protease (PLpro) domain of the non-structural protein (NSP3) of SARS-CoV-2 in polarized human airway (Calu-3), intestinal (Caco-2), and liver (HepG2) epithelial cells, and to evaluate the ability of the natural antioxidant hydroxytyrosol (HXT) in neutralizing these effects. Our results demonstrated that PLpro was able to induce a cascade of inflammatory genes and proteins (mainly associated with the interferon pathway) and increase the apoptotic rate and expression of several oxidative stress markers in all evaluated epithelial cells. Noteably, the treatment with 10 μM HXT reverted PL-pro-dependent effects almost completely. This study provides the first evidence that SARS-CoV-2 PLpro remaining in host cells after viral clearance may contribute to the pathogenetic mechanisms of long-COVID. These effects may be counteracted by natural antioxidants. Further clinical and experimental studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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Hinkel R, Batkai S, Bähr A, Bozoglu T, Straub S, Borchert T, Viereck J, Howe A, Hornaschewitz N, Oberberger L, Jurisch V, Kozlik-Feldmann R, Freudenthal F, Ziegler T, Weber C, Sperandio M, Engelhardt S, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A, Klymiuk N, Thum T, Kupatt C. AntimiR-132 Attenuates Myocardial Hypertrophy in an Animal Model of Percutaneous Aortic Constriction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:2923-2935. [PMID: 34112319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a result of afterload-increasing pathologies including untreated hypertension and aortic stenosis. It features progressive adverse cardiac remodeling, myocardial dysfunction, capillary rarefaction, and interstitial fibrosis often leading to heart failure. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to establish a novel porcine model of pressure-overload-induced heart failure and to determine the effect of inhibition of microribonucleic acid 132 (miR-132) on heart failure development in this model. METHODS This study developed a novel porcine model of percutaneous aortic constriction by implantation of a percutaneous reduction stent in the thoracic aorta, inducing progressive remodeling at day 56 (d56) after pressure-overload induction. In this study, an antisense oligonucleotide specifically inhibiting miR-132 (antimiR-132), was regionally applied via intracoronary injection at d0 (percutaneous transverse aortic constriction induction) and d28. RESULTS At d56, antimiR-132 treatment diminished cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (188.9 ± 2.8 vs. 258.4 ± 9.0 μm2 in untreated hypertrophic hearts) and improved global cardiac function (ejection fraction 48.9 ± 1.0% vs. 36.1 ± 1.7% in control hearts). Moreover, at d56 antimiR-132-treated hearts displayed less increase of interstitial fibrosis compared with sham-operated hearts (Δsham 1.8 ± 0.5%) than control hearts (Δsham 10.8 ± 0.6%). Of note, cardiac platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1+ capillary density was higher in the antimiR-132-treated hearts (647 ± 20 cells/mm2) compared with in the control group (485 ± 23 cells/mm2). CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of miR-132 is a valid strategy in prevention of heart failure progression in hypertrophic heart disease and may be developed as a treatment for heart failure of nonischemic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Hinkel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Centre, Goettingen, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Munich, Germany. https://twitter.com/Rabea08515954
| | - Sandor Batkai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cardior Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarik Bozoglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Straub
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrea Howe
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja Hornaschewitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Oberberger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Jurisch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franz Freudenthal
- Products for Medicine, SRL (sociedad de responsibilidat limitada), Obajes, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Tilman Ziegler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter-Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Nik Klymiuk
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cardior Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Chowdhury MA, Sholl HK, Sharrett MS, Haller ST, Cooper CC, Gupta R, Liu LC. Exercise and Cardioprotection: A Natural Defense Against Lethal Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Potential Guide to Cardiovascular Prophylaxis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:18-30. [PMID: 30041547 PMCID: PMC7236859 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418788575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Similar to ischemic preconditioning, high-intensity exercise has been shown to decrease infarct size following myocardial infarction. In this article, we review the literature on beneficial effects of exercise, exercise requirements for cardioprotection, common methods utilized in laboratories to study this phenomenon, and discuss possible mechanisms for exercise-mediated cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Andaleeb Chowdhury
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- * Mohammed Andaleeb Chowdhury, Haden K. Sholl, and Megan S. Sharrett contributed equally to this work
| | - Haden K Sholl
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- * Mohammed Andaleeb Chowdhury, Haden K. Sholl, and Megan S. Sharrett contributed equally to this work
| | - Megan S Sharrett
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Christopher C Cooper
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Lijun C Liu
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Narasimhan G, Carrillo ED, Hernández A, García MC, Sánchez JA. Protective Action of Diazoxide on Isoproterenol-Induced Hypertrophy Is Mediated by Reduction in MicroRNA-132 Expression. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 72:222-230. [PMID: 30403388 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND METHODS The effects of diazoxide on cardiac hypertrophy and miR-132 expression were characterized in adult rats and in cardiomyocytes. Diazoxide effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and on the cAMP-response element binding (CREB) transcription factor's abundance in cardiomyocytes were also analyzed. ROS measurements used a fluorescent dye. Western blot analysis and quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction were used to measure phosphorylated form of CREB (pCREB) abundance and miR-132 expression, respectively. RESULTS Isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac hypertrophy, an effect that was mitigated by diazoxide. The rate of ROS production, CREB phosphorylation, and miR-132 expression increased after the addition of ISO. H2O2 increased pCREB abundance and miR-132 expression; upregulation of miR-132 was blocked by the specific inhibitor of CREB transcription, 666-15. Consistent with a role of ROS on miR-132 expression, diazoxide prevented the increase in ROS production, miR-132 expression, and pCREB abundance produced by ISO. Phosphorylation of CREB by ISO was prevented by U0126, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSIONS Our data first demonstrate that diazoxide mitigates hypertrophy by preventing an increase in miR-132 expression. The mechanism likely involves less ROS production leading to less phosphorylation of CREB. Our data further show that ROS enhance miR-132 transcription, and that ISO effects are probably mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Narasimhan
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
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Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), characterized by ischemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. NR4A2, a member of the NR4A orphan nucleus receptor family, is upregulated in mouse hearts with MI injury. Furthermore, NR4A2 knockdown aggravates heart injury as evidenced by enlarged hearts and increased apoptosis. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of NR4A2-regulated apoptosis, we used H9c2 cardiomyocytes deprived of serum and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) exposed to hypoxia to mimic ischemic conditions in vivo. As NR4A2 knockdown aggravates cardiomyocyte apoptosis, while NR4A2 overexpression ameliorates it, NR4A2 upregulation was considered an adaptive response to ischemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. By detecting changes in LC3 and using autophagy detection tools including Bafilomycin A1, 3MA and rapamycin, we found that NR4A2 knockdown promoted apoptosis through blocking autophagic flux. This apoptotic response was phenocopied by downregulation of NR4A2 after autophagic flux was impaired by Bafilomycin A1. Further study showed that NR4A2 binds to p53 directly and decreases its levels when it inhibits apoptosis; thus, p53/Bax is the downstream effector of NR4A2-mediated apoptosis, as previously reported. Changes in p53/Bax that were regulated by NR4A2 were also detected in injured hearts with NR4A2 knockdown. In addition, miR-212-3p is the upstream regulator of NR4A2, and it could downregulate the expression of NR4A2, as well as p53/Bax. The mechanism underlying the role of NR4A2 in apoptosis and autophagy was elucidated, and NR4A2 may be a therapeutic drug target for heart failure.
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