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Ramos E, Gil-Martín E, De Los Ríos C, Egea J, López-Muñoz F, Pita R, Juberías A, Torrado JJ, Serrano DR, Reiter RJ, Romero A. Melatonin as Modulator for Sulfur and Nitrogen Mustard-Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage: Molecular Therapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020397. [PMID: 36829956 PMCID: PMC9952307 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur and nitrogen mustards, bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide and tertiary bis(2-chloroethyl) amines, respectively, are vesicant warfare agents with alkylating activity. Moreover, oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammatory response induction, metalloproteinases activation, DNA damage or calcium disruption are some of the toxicological mechanisms of sulfur and nitrogen mustard-induced injury that affects the cell integrity and function. In this review, we not only propose melatonin as a therapeutic option in order to counteract and modulate several pathways involved in physiopathological mechanisms activated after exposure to mustards, but also for the first time, we predict whether metabolites of melatonin, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine could be capable of exerting a scavenger action and neutralize the toxic damage induced by these blister agents. NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in response to a wide variety of infectious stimuli or cellular stressors, however, although the precise mechanisms leading to activation are not known, mustards are postulated as activators. In this regard, melatonin, through its anti-inflammatory action and NLRP3 inflammasome modulation could exert a protective effect in the pathophysiology and management of sulfur and nitrogen mustard-induced injury. The ability of melatonin to attenuate sulfur and nitrogen mustard-induced toxicity and its high safety profile make melatonin a suitable molecule to be a part of medical countermeasures against blister agents poisoning in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristóbal De Los Ríos
- Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University of Madrid (UCJC), 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - René Pita
- Chemical Defense Department, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense School, Hoyo de Manzanares, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Juberías
- Dirección de Sanidad Ejército del Aire, Cuartel General Ejército del Aire, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Torrado
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores R. Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913943970
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Roldan TL, Li S, Laskin JD, Gao D, Sinko PJ. Depilatory double-disc mouse model for evaluation of vesicant dermal injury pharmacotherapy countermeasures. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:57-65. [PMID: 36872306 PMCID: PMC9986227 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare vesicant that severely injures exposed eyes, lungs, and skin. Mechlorethamine hydrochloride (NM) is widely used as an SM surrogate. This study aimed to develop a depilatory double-disc (DDD) NM skin burn model for investigating vesicant pharmacotherapy countermeasures. METHODS Hair removal method (clipping only versus clipping followed by a depilatory), the effect of acetone in the vesicant administration vehicle, NM dose (0.5-20 μmol), vehicle volume (5-20 μl), and time course (0.5-21 days) were investigated using male and female CD-1 mice. Edema, an indicator of burn response, was assessed by biopsy skin weight. The ideal NM dose to induce partial-thickness burns was assessed by edema and histopathologic evaluation. The optimized DDD model was validated using an established reagent, NDH-4338, a cyclooxygenase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor prodrug. RESULTS Clipping/depilatory resulted in a 5-fold higher skin edematous response and was highly reproducible (18-fold lower %CV) compared to clipping alone. Acetone did not affect edema formation. Peak edema occurred 24-48 h after NM administration using optimized dosing methods and volume. Ideal partial-thickness burns were achieved with 5 μmol of NM and responded to treatment with NDH-4338. No differences in burn edematous responses were observed between males and females. CONCLUSION A highly reproducible and sensitive partial-thickness skin burn model was developed for assessing vesicant pharmacotherapy countermeasures. This model provides clinically relevant wound severity and eliminates the need for organic solvents that induce changes to the skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas L. Roldan
- Department of PharmaceuticsRutgers University Ernest Mario School of PharmacyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Shike Li
- Department of PharmaceuticsRutgers University Ernest Mario School of PharmacyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jeffrey D. Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational HealthRutgers University School of Public HealthPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- CounterACT Center of ExcellenceRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dayuan Gao
- Department of PharmaceuticsRutgers University Ernest Mario School of PharmacyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- CounterACT Center of ExcellenceRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Patrick J. Sinko
- Department of PharmaceuticsRutgers University Ernest Mario School of PharmacyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- CounterACT Center of ExcellenceRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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Srivastava RK, Wang Y, Khan J, Muzaffar S, Lee MB, Weng Z, Croutch C, Agarwal A, Deshane J, Athar M. Role of hair follicles in the pathogenesis of arsenical-induced cutaneous damage. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:168-183. [PMID: 35678766 PMCID: PMC9531897 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenical vesicants cause skin inflammation, blistering, and pain. The lack of appropriate animal models causes difficulty in defining their molecular pathogenesis. Here, Ptch1+/- /C57BL/6 mice were employed to investigate the pathobiology of the arsenicals lewisite and phenylarsine oxide (PAO). Following lewisite or PAO challenge (24 h), the skin of animals becomes grayish-white, thick, leathery, and wrinkled with increased bi-fold thickness, Draize score, and necrotic patches. In histopathology, infiltrating leukocytes (macrophages and neutrophils), epidermal-dermal separation, edema, apoptotic cells, and disruption of tight and adherens junction proteins can be visualized. PCR arrays and nanoString analyses showed significant increases in cytokines/chemokines and other proinflammatory mediators. As hair follicles (HFs), which provide an immune-privileged environment, may affect immune cell trafficking and consequent inflammatory responses, we compared the pathogenesis of these chemicals in this model to that in Ptch1+/- /SKH-1 hairless mice. Ptch1+/- /SKH-1 mice have rudimentary, whereas Ptch1+/- /C57BL/6 mice have well-developed HFs. Although no significant differences were observed in qualitative inflammatory responses between the two strains, levels of cytokines/chemokines differed. Importantly, the mechanism of inflammation was identical; both reactive oxygen species induction and consequent activation of unfolded protein response signaling were similar. These data reveal that the acute molecular pathogenesis of arsenicals in these two murine models is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh K Srivastava
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jasim Khan
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suhail Muzaffar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Madison B Lee
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Claire Croutch
- MRIGlobal Medical Countermeasures Division, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessy Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ding C, Jia C, Zhang H, Peng T, Cheng S, Chen W, Tan Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Wei P, Wang X, Jiang M, Hua Q. Exploration of the Potential Mechanism of Qi Yin San Liang San Decoction in the Treatment of EGFRI-Related Adverse Skin Reactions Using Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Experiments. Front Oncol 2022; 12:790713. [PMID: 35372072 PMCID: PMC8964498 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.790713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse skin reactions are the most common side effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) in the treatment of cancer, significantly affecting the survival rate and quality of life of patients. Qi Yin San Liang San Decoction (QYSLS) comes from folk prescription and is currently used in the clinical treatment of adverse skin reactions caused by EGFRIs. However, its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. Objectives To explore the potential mechanism of QYSLS in the treatment of adverse skin reactions caused by EGFR inhibition using network pharmacology and experimental research. Methods First, we verified the effectiveness of QYSLS in vivo using model mice. Second, the related targets of adverse skin reactions associated with EGFR inhibition were predicted by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and effective components and predictive targets of QYSLS were analyzed by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and Batman-TCM databases. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed via the Bioconductor (R) V3.8 bioinformatics software. Molecular docking studies verified the selected key ingredients and targets. Finally, the results of network pharmacology were verified by in vitro experiments. Results In the in vivo mouse model, QYSLS effectively reduced the occurrence of skin side effects. Network pharmacological results showed that the active ingredient luteolin, quercetin, licochalcone a, and kaempferol and the effective targets prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were related to the interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway. Subsequently, the related active compounds and targets were verified using HaCaT cells as an in vitro adverse reaction model. The results showed that luteolin and quercetin increased the expression of PTGS2 and MMP9 and reduced the expression of CCL2 in HaCaT cells treated with gefitinib. Conclusions The results revealed that QYSLS effectively treats EGFRI-related adverse skin reactions through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms. Luteolin and quercetin may be the core active ingredients of QYSLS in the treatment of EGFRI-related adverse skin reactions, and their therapeutic effects are potentially mediated through PTGS2, CCL2, and MMP9 in the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Wang
- School of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- School of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Ding
- School of Life Scienses, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Jia
- School of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Peng
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- School of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weihang Chen
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Life Scienses, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoheng Liu
- School of Life Scienses, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- School of Life Scienses, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Hua
- School of Life Scienses, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Li H, Rosas L, Li Z, Bian Z, Li X, Choi K, Cai C, Zhou X, Tan T, Bergdall V, Whitson B, Davis I, Ma J. MG53 attenuates nitrogen mustard-induced acute lung injury. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1886-1895. [PMID: 35199443 PMCID: PMC8980905 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is an alkylating vesicant that causes severe pulmonary injury. Currently, there are no effective means to counteract vesicant‐induced lung injury. MG53 is a vital component of cell membrane repair and lung protection. Here, we show that mice with ablation of MG53 are more susceptible to NM‐induced lung injury than the wild‐type mice. Treatment of wild‐type mice with exogenous recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) protein ameliorates NM‐induced lung injury by restoring arterial blood oxygen level, by improving dynamic lung compliance and by reducing airway resistance. Exposure of lung epithelial and endothelial cells to NM leads to intracellular oxidative stress that compromises the intrinsic cell membrane repair function of MG53. Exogenous rhMG53 protein applied to the culture medium protects lung epithelial and endothelial cells from NM‐induced membrane injury and oxidative stress, and enhances survival of the cells. Additionally, we show that loss of MG53 leads to increased vulnerability of macrophages to vesicant‐induced cell death. Overall, these findings support the therapeutic potential of rhMG53 to counteract vesicant‐induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichang Li
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucia Rosas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhongguang Li
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zehua Bian
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyounghan Choi
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chuanxi Cai
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Valerie Bergdall
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan Whitson
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ian Davis
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Pohanka M. New uses of Melatonin as a Drug, a Review. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:3622-3637. [PMID: 34986763 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220105115755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a simple compound with a proper chemical name N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine and known as a hormone controlling circadian rhythm. Humans produce melatonin at night which is the reason for sleeping in the night and awakening over the day. Melatonin interacts with melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 but it was also revealed that melatonin is a strong antioxidant and it also has a role in regulation of cell cycle. Currently, melatonin is used as a drug for some types of sleep disorder but the recent research points to the fact that melatonin can also serve for the other purposes including prophylaxis or therapy of lifestyle diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and exposure to chemicals. This review summarizes basic facts and direction of the current research on melatonin. The actual literature was scrutinized for the purpose of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic
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Yu W, Dong X, Dan G, Ye F, Cheng J, Zhao Y, Chen M, Sai Y, Zou Z. Vitamin D3 protects against nitrogen mustard-induced apoptosis of the bronchial epithelial cells via activating the VDR/Nrf2/Sirt3 pathway. Toxicol Lett 2021; 354:14-23. [PMID: 34757179 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory system injury is the main cause of mortality for nitrogen mustard (NM)-induced damage. Previous studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) participates in NM-mediated respiratory injuries, but the detailed mechanism is not quite clear. Human bronchial epithelial cell lines 16HBE and BEAS-2B were treated with HN2, a type of NM. In detail, it was shown that HN2 treatment induced impaired cell viability, excessive mitochondrial ROS production and enhanced cellular apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, impaired Sirt3/SOD2 axis was observed upon HN2 treatment, with decreased Sirt3 and increased acetylated SOD2 expression levels. Sirt3 overexpression partially ameliorated HN2-induced cell injury. Meanwhile, vitamin D3 treatment partially attenuated HN2-induced apoptosis and improved the mitochondrial functions upon HN2 intervention. In addition, HN2 exposure decreased VDR expression, thus inhibiting the Nrf2 phosphorylation and Sirt3 activation. Inhibition of Nrf2 or Sirt3 could decrease the protective effects of vitamin D3 and enhance mitochondrial ROS production via modulating mitochondrial redox balance. In conclusion, impaired VDR/Nrf2/Sirt3 axis contributed to NM-induced apoptosis, while vitamin D3 supplementation provides protective effects via the activation of VDR and the improvement of mitochondrial functions. This study provides novel mechanism and strategy for NM exposure-induced pulmonary injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Yu
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xunhu Dong
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guorong Dan
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuanpeng Zhao
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Sai
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhongmin Zou
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Dong X, He Y, Ye F, Zhao Y, Cheng J, Xiao J, Yu W, Zhao J, Sai Y, Dan G, Chen M, Zou Z. Vitamin D3 ameliorates nitrogen mustard-induced cutaneous inflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome through the SIRT3-SOD2-mtROS signaling pathway. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e312. [PMID: 33634989 PMCID: PMC7882108 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) causes severe skin injury with an obvious inflammatory response, which is lack of effective and targeted therapies. Vitamin D3 (VD3) has excellent anti-inflammatory properties and is considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of NM-induced dermal toxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms are currently unclear. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2; a widely used marker of skin inflammation) plays a key role in NM-induced cutaneous inflammation. Herein, we initially confirmed that NM markedly promoted COX2 expression in vitro and in vivo. NM also increased NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) expression, caspase-1 activity, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release. Notably, treatment with a caspase-1 inhibitor (zYVAD-fmk), NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950), and NLRP3 or caspase-1 siRNA attenuated NM-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, with subsequent suppression of COX2 expression and IL-1β release in keratinocytes. Meanwhile, NM increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and decreased manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) activities. Mito-TEMPO (a mtROS scavenger) ameliorated NM-caused NLRP3 inflammasome activation in keratinocytes. Moreover, VD3 improved SIRT3 and SOD2 activities, decreased mtROS contents, inactivated the NLRP3 inflammasome, and attenuated cutaneous inflammation induced by NM in vitro and in vivo. The beneficial activity of VD3 against NM-triggered cutaneous inflammation was enhanced by the inhibitors of IL-1, mtROS, NLRP3, caspase-1, and NLRP3 or caspase-1 siRNAs, which was abolished in SIRT3 inhibitor or SIRT3 siRNA-treated keratinocytes and skins from SIRT3-/- mice. In conclusion, VD3 ameliorated NM-induced cutaneous inflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was partially mediated through the SIRT3-SOD2-mtROS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhu Dong
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Ying He
- Department of UltrasoundXinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yuanpeng Zhao
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jingsong Xiao
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Wenpei Yu
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jiqing Zhao
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yan Sai
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Guorong Dan
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Zhongmin Zou
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
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