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Yan C, Du W, Kirkwood KL, Wang Y, Zhou W, Li Z, Tian Y, Lin S, Zheng L, Al-Aroomi MA, Gao J, Jiang S, Sun C, Liu F. CCR7 affects the tumor microenvironment by regulating the activation of naïve CD8 + T cells to promote the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101924. [PMID: 38430712 PMCID: PMC10920962 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer, being one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. CC Chemokine receptor 7(CCR7) is a multifunctional G protein-coupled trans-membrane chemokine that affects immune cell chemotaxis, migration, and cancer progression through its interaction with its ligands C-C motif chemokine ligand 19(CCL19) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 21(CCL21). Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of CCR7 in the malignant progression of a variety of cancers, reflecting the pro-cancer properties of CCR7. The Cancer Genome Atlas data suggests CCR7 has elevated expression in oral cancer. Specifically, CCR7 expression in tumor microenvironment (TME) may regulate the ability of some immune cells to engage in anti-tumor immune responses. Since CD8+ T cells have become a key immunotherapeutic target, the role of CCR7 in antitumor immune response of naïve CD8+ T cells in TME has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS A CCR7 knockout mouse model was constructed, and the mechanism of ccr7 on the regulation of tumor microenvironment by naïve CD8+ T cells was verified under the guidance of single-cell RNA sequencing combined with in vivo animal experiments and in vitro cell experiments. RESULTS CCR7 is knocked out with impaired tumor growth and altered CD8+ T cell profiles, revealing the importance of this protein in OSCC. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of CCR7 enhances CD8+ T cell activation, proliferation, and anti-tumor function, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Weidong Du
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-8006, USA
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Wanhang Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Zhenning Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Shanfeng Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Maged Ali Al-Aroomi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Gao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Changfu Sun
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China
| | - Fayu Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China.
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Witt RN, Nickel KS, Binns JR, Gray AM, Hintz AM, Kofron NF, Steigleder SF, Peterson FC, Veldkamp CT. NMR indicates the N-termini of PSGL1 and CCR7 bind competitively to the chemokine CCL21. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101524. [PMID: 37554427 PMCID: PMC10404610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are from a family of secreted cytokines that direct the trafficking of immune cells to coordinate immune responses. Chemokines are involved in numerous disease states, including responding to infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancer metastasis. Ther are chemokines, like CCL21, that signal for cellular migration through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors, like CCR7, through interaction with the receptor's extracellular N-terminus, loops, and core of the receptor. CCL21 is involved in routine immune surveillance but can also attract metastasizing cancer cells to lymph nodes. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL1) has a role in cellular adhesion during chemotaxis and is a transmembrane signaling molecule. PSGL1 expression enhances chemotactic responses of T cells to CCL21. Here NMR studies indicate the binding sites on CCL21 for the N-termini or PSGL1 and CCR7 overlap, and binding of the N-termini of PSGL1 and CCR7 is competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin N. Witt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI, 53190, USA
| | - Kaileigh S. Nickel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI, 53190, USA
| | - John R. Binns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI, 53190, USA
| | - Alexander M. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI, 53190, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Hintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI, 53190, USA
| | - Noah F. Kofron
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI, 53190, USA
| | - Steven F. Steigleder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI, 53190, USA
| | - Francis C. Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Christopher T. Veldkamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI, 53190, USA
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Artinger M, Gerken OJ, Legler DF. Heparin Specifically Interacts with Basic BBXB Motifs of the Chemokine CCL21 to Define CCR7 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021670. [PMID: 36675182 PMCID: PMC9866948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are critically involved in controlling directed leukocyte migration. Spatiotemporal secretion together with local retention processes establish and maintain local chemokine gradients that guide directional cell migration. Extracellular matrix proteins, particularly glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), locally retain chemokines through electrochemical interactions. The two chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 guide CCR7-expressing leukocytes, such as antigen-bearing dendritic cells and T lymphocytes, to draining lymph nodes to initiate adaptive immune responses. CCL21-in contrast to CCL19-is characterized by a unique extended C-terminus composed of highly charged residues to facilitate interactions with GAGs. Notably, both chemokines can trigger common, but also ligand-biased signaling through the same receptor. The underlying molecular mechanism of ligand-biased CCR7 signaling is poorly understood. Using a series of naturally occurring chemokine variants in combination with newly designed site-specific chemokine mutants, we herein assessed CCR7 signaling, as well as GAG interactions. We demonstrate that the charged chemokine C-terminus does not fully confer CCL21-biased CCR7 signaling. Besides the positively charged C-terminus, CCL21 also possesses specific BBXB motifs comprising basic amino acids. We show that CCL21 variants where individual BBXB motifs are mutated retain their capability to trigger G-protein-dependent CCR7 signaling, but lose their ability to interact with heparin. Moreover, we show that heparin specifically interacts with CCL21, but not with CCL19, and thereby competes with ligand-binding to CCR7 and prevents signaling. Hence, we provide evidence that soluble heparin, but not the other GAGs, complexes with CCL21 to define CCR7 signaling in a ligand-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver J. Gerken
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Regulation of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immune Responses against Antigen-Specific Presentation. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1691. [PMID: 36298556 PMCID: PMC9607341 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by various immune cells, including B and T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and mast cells, mediate intercellular communication and have attracted much attention owing to the novel delivery system of molecules in vivo. DCs are among the most active exosome-secreting cells of the immune system. EVs produced by cancer cells contain cancer antigens; therefore, the development of vaccine therapy that does not require the identification of cancer antigens using cancer-cell-derived EVs may have significant clinical implications. In this review, we summarise the molecular mechanisms underlying EV-based immune responses and their therapeutic effects on tumour vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8551, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi 181-8611, Tokyo, Japan
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Mesquida-Veny F, Martínez-Torres S, Del Rio JA, Hervera A. Nociception-Dependent CCL21 Induces Dorsal Root Ganglia Axonal Growth via CCR7-ERK Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880647. [PMID: 35911704 PMCID: PMC9331658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While chemokines were originally described for their ability to induce cell migration, many studies show how these proteins also take part in many other cell functions, acting as adaptable messengers in the communication between a diversity of cell types. In the nervous system, chemokines participate both in physiological and pathological processes, and while their expression is often described on glial and immune cells, growing evidence describes the expression of chemokines and their receptors in neurons, highlighting their potential in auto- and paracrine signalling. In this study we analysed the role of nociception in the neuronal chemokinome, and in turn their role in axonal growth. We found that stimulating TRPV1+ nociceptors induces a transient increase in CCL21. Interestingly we also found that CCL21 enhances neurite growth of large diameter proprioceptors in vitro. Consistent with this, we show that proprioceptors express the CCL21 receptor CCR7, and a CCR7 neutralizing antibody dose-dependently attenuates CCL21-induced neurite outgrowth. Mechanistically, we found that CCL21 binds locally to its receptor CCR7 at the growth cone, activating the downstream MEK-ERK pathway, that in turn activates N-WASP, triggering actin filament ramification in the growth cone, resulting in increased axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francina Mesquida-Veny
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Torres
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Del Rio
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Arnau Hervera,
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Proj M, De Jonghe S, Van Loy T, Jukič M, Meden A, Ciber L, Podlipnik Č, Grošelj U, Konc J, Schols D, Gobec S. A Set of Experimentally Validated Decoys for the Human CC Chemokine Receptor 7 (CCR7) Obtained by Virtual Screening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855653. [PMID: 35370691 PMCID: PMC8972196 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a state-of-the-art virtual screening workflow aiming at the identification of novel CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) antagonists. Although CCR7 is associated with a variety of human diseases, such as immunological disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer, this target is underexplored in drug discovery and there are no potent and selective CCR7 small molecule antagonists available today. Therefore, computer-aided ligand-based, structure-based, and joint virtual screening campaigns were performed. Hits from these virtual screenings were tested in a CCL19-induced calcium signaling assay. After careful evaluation, none of the in silico hits were confirmed to have an antagonistic effect on CCR7. Hence, we report here a valuable set of 287 inactive compounds that can be used as experimentally validated decoys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Proj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Loy
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marko Jukič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Anže Meden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Ciber
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Črtomir Podlipnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Grošelj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Konc
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Yuan P, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Gui L, Ma B. Dendritic cell-targeting chemokines inhibit colorectal cancer progression. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:828-840. [PMID: 36654820 PMCID: PMC9834269 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy has shown its promise and prompted researchers to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells crucial for initiating adaptive anti-tumor immunity, therefore a promising target for cancer treatment. Here, anti-tumor activities of DC-targeting chemokines were explored in murine colorectal tumor models. Methods The correlation of chemokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression with DC markers was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Murine colorectal tumor cell lines (CT26 and MC38) stably overexpressing mouse C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), CCL19, CCL21, and X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (XCL1) were established by lentiviral transduction. The effect of chemokines on tumor cell proliferation/survival was evaluated in vitro by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay. Syngeneic subcutaneous tumor models were used to study the effects of these chemokines on tumor growth. Ki-67 expression in tumors was examined by immunohistochemistry. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Expression of the four chemokines was positively correlated with the two DC markers [integrin alpha X (ITGAX) and CLEC9A] in human colorectal tumor samples. Tumoral overexpression of DC-targeting chemokines had little or no effect on tumor cell proliferation/survival in vitro while significantly suppressing tumor growth in vivo. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that CCL19, CCL21, and XCL1 boosted the ratios of DCs and T cells in CD45+ leukocytes while CCL3 increased the percentage of CD45+ leukocytes in total cells in MC38 tumor. XCL1 had an additional positive effect on antigen uptake by DCs in the TME and antigen transfer to tumor-draining lymph nodes. Conclusions CCL3, CCL19, CCL21, and XCL1 exhibited potent anti-tumor activities in vivo, although they might differentially regulate immune cells in the TME and antigen transfer to lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkun Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China,Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China,Zhejiang University–University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunyi Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China,Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhixue Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China,Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liming Gui
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China,Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China,Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China,Correspondence: Bin Ma, School of Biomedical Engineering Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 3 Teaching Building, 1954 Huashan RD, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Karin N. Chemokines in the Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy: How They and Their Receptors Can Be Used to Turn Cold Tumors into Hot Ones? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6317. [PMID: 34944943 PMCID: PMC8699256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, monoclonal antibodies to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), also known as immune checkpoint blockers (ICB), have been the most successful approach for cancer therapy. Starting with mAb to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors in metastatic melanoma and continuing with blockers of the interactions between program cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand program cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) or program cell death ligand 2 (PDL-2), that have been approved for about 20 different indications. Yet for many cancers, ICI shows limited success. Several lines of evidence imply that the limited success in cancer immunotherapy is associated with attempts to treat patients with "cold tumors" that either lack effector T cells, or in which these cells are markedly suppressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Chemokines are a well-defined group of proteins that were so named due to their chemotactic properties. The current review focuses on key chemokines that not only attract leukocytes but also shape their biological properties. CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor with 3 ligands. We suggest using Ig-based fusion proteins of two of them: CXL9 and CXCL10, to enhance anti-tumor immunity and perhaps transform cold tumors into hot tumors. Potential differences between CXCL9 and CXCL10 regarding ICI are discussed. We also discuss the possibility of targeting the function or deleting a key subset of Tregs that are CCR8+ by monoclonal antibodies to CCR8. These cells are preferentially abundant in several tumors and are likely to be the key drivers in suppressing anti-cancer immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Wei W, Wang J, Min Q, Jia Z, Chen K, Feng H, Zou J. CCL19 variants mediate chemotactic response via CCR7 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104127. [PMID: 33965447 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CC chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) plays a key role in the regulation of immune responses including homeostasis, inflammation, and immune tolerance. In this study, two variants of CCL19 homologues (CCL19a2 and CCL19b) and CCR7 were investigated in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. The three genes were widely expressed in immune tissues and could be modulated by stimulation with LPS, PHA and poly(I:C), and infection with Flavobacterium columnare and grass carp reovirus. In an in vitro chemotaxis assay, the recombinant CCL19a2 and CCL19b were active to promote the migration of HEK293 T cells expressing CCR7 and leucocytes isolated from the gills, head kidney and spleen. Moreover, their chemotactive effects were validated in vivo. We found that the cells recruited by CCL19a2 and CCl19b are mainly monocytes/macrophages expressing high levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and MHC II. Our work suggests that CCL19a2 and CCl19b are involved in recruitment of antigen presenting cells in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyu Min
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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10
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Salem A, Alotaibi M, Mroueh R, Basheer HA, Afarinkia K. CCR7 as a therapeutic target in Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188499. [PMID: 33385485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CCR7 chemokine axis is comprised of chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) and chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) acting on chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7). This axis plays two important but apparently opposing roles in cancer. On the one hand, this axis is significantly engaged in the trafficking of a number of effecter cells involved in mounting an immune response to a growing tumour. This suggests therapeutic strategies which involve potentiation of this axis can be used to combat the spread of cancer. On the other hand, the CCR7 axis plays a significant role in controlling the migration of tumour cells towards the lymphatic system and metastasis and can thus contribute to the expansion of cancer. This implies that therapeutic strategies which involve decreasing signaling through the CCR7 axis would have a beneficial effect in preventing dissemination of cancer. This dichotomy has partly been the reason why this axis has not yet been exploited, as other chemokine axes have, as a therapeutic target in cancer. Recent report of a crystal structure for CCR7 provides opportunities to exploit this axis in developing new cancer therapies. However, it remains unclear which of these two strategies, potentiation or antagonism of the CCR7 axis, is more appropriate for cancer therapy. This review brings together the evidence supporting both roles of the CCR7 axis in cancer and examines the future potential of each of the two different therapeutic approaches involving the CCR7 axis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Salem
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Mashael Alotaibi
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Rima Mroueh
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Haneen A Basheer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, PO Box 132222, Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Kamyar Afarinkia
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
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11
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Pisani A, Donno R, Gennari A, Cibecchini G, Catalano F, Marotta R, Pompa PP, Tirelli N, Bardi G. CXCL12-PLGA/Pluronic Nanoparticle Internalization Abrogates CXCR4-Mediated Cell Migration. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112304. [PMID: 33233846 PMCID: PMC7699919 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine-induced chemotaxis mediates physiological and pathological immune cell trafficking, as well as several processes involving cell migration. Among them, the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in cancer and metastasis is well known, and CXCR4 has been often targeted with small molecule-antagonists or short CXCL12-derived peptides to limit the pathological processes of cell migration and invasion. To reduce CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis, we adopted a different approach. We manufactured poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/Pluronic F127 nanoparticles through microfluidics-assisted nanoprecipitation and functionalized them with streptavidin to docking a biotinylated CXCL12 to be exposed on the nanoparticle surface. Our results show that CXCL12-decorated nanoparticles are non-toxic and do not induce inflammatory cytokine release in THP-1 monocytes cultured in fetal bovine and human serum-supplemented media. The cell internalization of our chemokine receptor-targeting particles increases in accordance with CXCR4 expression in FBS/medium. We demonstrated that CXCL12-decorated nanoparticles do not induce cell migration on their own, but their pre-incubation with THP-1 significantly decreases CXCR4+-cell migration, thereby antagonizing the chemotactic action of CXCL12. The use of biodegradable and immune-compatible chemokine-mimetic nanoparticles to reduce cell migration opens the way to novel antagonists with potential application in cancer treatments and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Pisani
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (A.P.); (G.C.); (P.P.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Donno
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (R.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Arianna Gennari
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (R.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Giulia Cibecchini
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (A.P.); (G.C.); (P.P.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Catalano
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (A.P.); (G.C.); (P.P.P.)
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (R.D.); (A.G.)
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-010-289-6923 (N.T.); +39-010-289-6519 (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Bardi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (A.P.); (G.C.); (P.P.P.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-010-289-6923 (N.T.); +39-010-289-6519 (G.B.)
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12
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Zhang S, Gong H, Ge Y, Ye RD. Biased allosteric modulation of formyl peptide receptor 2 leads to distinct receptor conformational states for pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105117. [PMID: 32768626 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a Class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that interacts with multiple ligands and transduces both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals. These ligands include weak agonists and modulators that are produced during inflammation. The present study investigates how prolonged exposure to FPR2 modulators influence receptor signaling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Fluorescent biosensors of FPR2 were constructed based on single-molecule fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) and used for measurement of ligand-induced receptor conformational changes. These changes were combined with FPR2-mediated signaling events and used as parameters for the conformational states of FPR2. Ternary complex models were developed to interpret ligand concentration-dependent changes in FPR2 conformational states. KEY RESULTS Incubation with Ac2-26, an anti-inflammatory ligand of FPR2, decreased FRET intensity at picomolar concentrations. In comparison, WKYMVm (W-pep) and Aβ42, both proinflammatory agonists of FPR2, increased FRET intensity. Preincubation with Ac2-26 at 10 pM diminished W-pep-induced Ca2+ flux but potentiated W-pep-stimulated β-arrestin2 membrane translocation and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. The opposite effects were observed with 10 pM of Aβ42. Neither Ac2-26 nor Aβ42 competed for W-pep binding at the picomolar concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results support the presence of two allosteric binding sites on FPR2, each for Ac2-26 and Aβ42, with high and low affinities. Sequential binding of the two allosteric ligands at increasing concentrations induce different conformational changes in FPR2, providing a novel mechanism by which biased allosteric modulators alter receptor conformations and generate pro- and anti-inflammatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hao Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yunjun Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China; Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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13
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Dyer DP. Understanding the mechanisms that facilitate specificity, not redundancy, of chemokine-mediated leukocyte recruitment. Immunology 2020; 160:336-344. [PMID: 32285441 PMCID: PMC7370109 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) and their receptors are critical to recruitment and positioning of cells during development and the immune response. The chemokine system has long been described as redundant for a number of reasons, where multiple chemokine ligands can bind to multiple receptors and vice versa. This apparent redundancy has been thought to be a major reason for the failure of drugs targeting chemokines during inflammatory disease. We are now beginning to understand that chemokine biology is in fact based around a high degree of specificity, where each chemokine and receptor plays a particular role in the immune response. This specificity hypothesis is supported by a number of recent studies designed to address this problem. This review will detail these studies and the mechanisms that produce this specificity of function with an emphasis on the emerging role of chemokine–glycosaminoglycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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14
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Crijns H, Vanheule V, Proost P. Targeting Chemokine-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions to Inhibit Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:483. [PMID: 32296423 PMCID: PMC7138053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte migration into tissues depends on the activity of chemokines that form concentration gradients to guide leukocytes to a specific site. Interaction of chemokines with their specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on leukocytes induces leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial cells, followed by extravasation of the leukocytes and subsequent directed migration along the chemotactic gradient. Interaction of chemokines with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is crucial for extravasation in vivo. Chemokines need to interact with GAGs on endothelial cells and in the extracellular matrix in tissues in order to be presented on the endothelium of blood vessels and to create a concentration gradient. Local chemokine retention establishes a chemokine gradient and prevents diffusion and degradation. During the last two decades, research aiming at reducing chemokine activity mainly focused on the identification of inhibitors of the interaction between chemokines and their cognate GPCRs. This approach only resulted in limited success. However, an alternative strategy, targeting chemokine-GAG interactions, may be a promising approach to inhibit chemokine activity and inflammation. On this line, proteins derived from viruses and parasites that bind chemokines or GAGs may have the potential to interfere with chemokine-GAG interactions. Alternatively, chemokine mimetics, including truncated chemokines and mutant chemokines, can compete with chemokines for binding to GAGs. Such truncated or mutated chemokines are characterized by a strong binding affinity for GAGs and abrogated binding to their chemokine receptors. Finally, Spiegelmers that mask the GAG-binding site on chemokines, thereby preventing chemokine-GAG interactions, were developed. In this review, the importance of GAGs for chemokine activity in vivo and strategies that could be employed to target chemokine-GAG interactions will be discussed in the context of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Crijns
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vanheule
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Lämmermann T, Kastenmüller W. Concepts of GPCR-controlled navigation in the immune system. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:205-231. [PMID: 30977203 PMCID: PMC6487968 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G‐protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is essential for the spatiotemporal control of leukocyte dynamics during immune responses. For efficient navigation through mammalian tissues, most leukocyte types express more than one GPCR on their surface and sense a wide range of chemokines and chemoattractants, leading to basic forms of leukocyte movement (chemokinesis, haptokinesis, chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and chemorepulsion). How leukocytes integrate multiple GPCR signals and make directional decisions in lymphoid and inflamed tissues is still subject of intense research. Many of our concepts on GPCR‐controlled leukocyte navigation in the presence of multiple GPCR signals derive from in vitro chemotaxis studies and lower vertebrates. In this review, we refer to these concepts and critically contemplate their relevance for the directional movement of several leukocyte subsets (neutrophils, T cells, and dendritic cells) in the complexity of mouse tissues. We discuss how leukocyte navigation can be regulated at the level of only a single GPCR (surface expression, competitive antagonism, oligomerization, homologous desensitization, and receptor internalization) or multiple GPCRs (synergy, hierarchical and non‐hierarchical competition, sequential signaling, heterologous desensitization, and agonist scavenging). In particular, we will highlight recent advances in understanding GPCR‐controlled leukocyte navigation by intravital microscopy of immune cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Wedemeyer MJ, Mueller BK, Bender BJ, Meiler J, Volkman BF. Comparative modeling and docking of chemokine-receptor interactions with Rosetta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:389-397. [PMID: 31924303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are a subset of G protein-coupled receptors defined by the distinct property of binding small protein ligands in the chemokine family. Chemokine receptors recognize their ligands by a mechanism that is distinct from other class A GPCRs that bind peptides or small molecules. For this reason, structural information on other ligand-GPCR interactions are only indirectly relevant to understanding the chemokine receptor interface. Additionally, the experimentally determined structures of chemokine-GPCR complexes represent less than 3% of the known interactions of this complex, multi-ligand/multi-receptor network. To enable predictive modeling of the remaining 97% of interactions, a general in silico protocol was designed to utilize existing chemokine receptor crystal structures, co-crystal structures, and NMR ensembles of chemokines bound to receptor fragments. This protocol was benchmarked on the ability to predict each of the three published co-crystal structures, while being blinded to the target structure. Averaging ensembles selected from the top-ranking models reproduced up to 84% of the intermolecular contacts found in the crystal structure, with the lowest Cα-RMSD of the complex at 3.3 Å. The chemokine receptor N-terminus, unresolved in crystal structures, was included in the modeling and recapitulates contacts with known sulfotyrosine binding pockets seen in structures derived from experimental NMR data. This benchmarking experiment suggests that realistic homology models of chemokine-GPCR complexes can be generated by leveraging current structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wedemeyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Benjamin K Mueller
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian J Bender
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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17
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Spiess K, Bagger SO, Torz LJ, Jensen KHR, Walser AL, Kvam JM, Møgelmose ASK, Daugvilaite V, Junnila RK, Hjortø GM, Rosenkilde MM. Arrestin-independent constitutive endocytosis of GPR125/ADGRA3. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1456:186-199. [PMID: 31659746 PMCID: PMC6899654 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The orphan receptor GPR125 (ADGRA3) belongs to subgroup III of the adhesion G protein−coupled receptor (aGPCR) family. aGPCRs, also known as class B2 GPCRs, share basic structural and functional properties with other GPCRs. Many of them couple to G proteins and activate G protein−dependent and −independent signaling pathways, but little is known about aGPCR internalization and β‐arrestin recruitment. GPR125 was originally described as a spermatogonial stem cell marker and studied for its role in Wnt signaling and cell polarity. Here, using cell‐based assays and confocal microscopy, we show that GPR125 is expressed on the cell surface and undergoes constitutive endocytosis in a β‐arrestin−independent, but clathrin‐dependent manner, as indicated by colocalization with transferrin receptor 1, an early endosome marker. These data support that the constitutive internalization of GPR125 contributes to its biological functions by controlling receptor surface expression and accessibility for ligands. Our study sheds light on a new property of aGPCRs, namely internalization; a property described to be important for signal propagation, signal termination, and desensitization of class A (rhodopsin‐like) and B1 (VIP/secretin) GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Spiess
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie O Bagger
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lola J Torz
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian H R Jensen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna L Walser
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jone M Kvam
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann-Sofie K Møgelmose
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktorija Daugvilaite
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Riia K Junnila
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gertrud M Hjortø
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Jørgensen AS, Larsen O, Uetz-von Allmen E, Lückmann M, Legler DF, Frimurer TM, Veldkamp CT, Hjortø GM, Rosenkilde MM. Biased Signaling of CCL21 and CCL19 Does Not Rely on N-Terminal Differences, but Markedly on the Chemokine Core Domains and Extracellular Loop 2 of CCR7. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2156. [PMID: 31572374 PMCID: PMC6753178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors play important roles in the immune system and are linked to several human diseases. Targeting chemokine receptors have so far shown very little success owing to, to some extent, the promiscuity of the immune system and the high degree of biased signaling within it. CCR7 and its two endogenous ligands display biased signaling and here we investigate the differences between the two ligands, CCL21 and CCL19, with respect to their biased activation of CCR7. We use bystander bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) based signaling assays and Transwell migration assays to determine (A) how swapping of domains between the two ligands affect their signaling patterns and (B) how receptor mutagenesis impacts signaling. Using chimeric ligands we find that the chemokine core domains are central for determining signaling outcome as the lack of β-arrestin-2 recruitment displayed by CCL21 is linked to its core domain and not N-terminus. Through a mutagenesis screen, we identify the extracellular domains of CCR7 to be important for both ligands and show that the two chemokines interact differentially with extracellular loop 2 (ECL-2). By using in silico modeling, we propose a link between ECL-2 interaction and CCR7 signal transduction. Our mutagenesis study also suggests a lysine in the top of TM3, K1303.26, to be important for G protein signaling, but not β-arrestin-2 recruitment. Taken together, the bias in CCR7 between CCL19 and CCL21 relies on the chemokine core domains, where interactions with ECL-2 seem particularly important. Moreover, TM3 selectively regulates G protein signaling as found for other chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olav Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edith Uetz-von Allmen
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Lückmann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher T Veldkamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, United States
| | - Gertrud M Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Increased CCR7 loPD-1 hiCXCR5 +CD4 + T Cells in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Are Correlated with Immune Activation in Patients with Chronic HBV Infection. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:1020925. [PMID: 30402448 PMCID: PMC6196997 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1020925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells) affect essential immune pathogenesis in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The CCR7loPD-1hi Tfh subset has a partial Tfh effector phenotype and is associated with active Tfh differentiation, whereas the CCR7hiPD-1lo Tfh subset is a resting phenotype. We recruited 20 healthy volunteers and 77 patients with chronic HBV infection, including those in the immune tolerant (IT) phase (n=19), immune clearance (IC) phase (n=20), low replicative (LR) phase (n=18), and reactivation (RA) phase (n=20). The expression of CD4, CXCR5, PD-1, and CCR7 was detected in T cells from peripheral blood by flow cytometry. The frequency of the CCR7loPD-1hi T subset was significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy controls (14.92±4.87% vs 12.23±2.95%, p=0.018). The frequency of this Tfh subset in the IC group (18.42%±3.08) was increased compared with the IT group (11.94±2.87%, p=0.001) and LR group (13.65±4.93%, p=0.031) and was higher in the RA group than in the IT group (16.03±5.37% vs 11.94±2.87%, p=0.030). We observed a weak positive correlation between the CCR7loPD-1hi Tfh subset population and the alanine transaminase (ALT) level (r=0.370, p=0.001). The CCR7loPD-1h Tfh subset in the chronic HBV-infected patients was elevated to various degrees among the different immune phases. CCR7loPD-1hiCXCR5+CD4+ T cells are correlated with the immune status of chronic HBV infection patients and may be developed as a potential indicator for antiviral treatment.
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20
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Hull-Ryde EA, Porter MA, Fowler KA, Kireev D, Li K, Simpson CD, Sassano MF, Suto MJ, Pearce KH, Janzen W, Coghill JM. Identification of Cosalane as an Inhibitor of Human and Murine CC-Chemokine Receptor 7 Signaling via a High-Throughput Screen. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:1083-1091. [PMID: 29958052 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218780917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed on a variety of immune cells. CCR7 plays a critical role in the migration of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid tissues. CCR7 expression, however, has been linked to numerous disease states. Due to its therapeutic relevance and absence of available CCR7 inhibitors, we undertook a high-throughput screen (HTS) to identify small-molecule antagonists of the receptor. Here, we describe a robust HTS approach using a commercially available β-galactosidase enzyme fragment complementation system and confirmatory transwell chemotaxis assays. This work resulted in the identification of several compounds with activity against CCR7. The most potent of these was subsequently determined to be cosalane, a cholesterol derivative previously designed as a therapeutic for human immunodeficiency virus. Cosalane inhibited both human and murine CCR7 in response to both CCL19 and CCL21 agonists at physiologic concentrations. Furthermore, cosalane produced durable inhibition of the receptor following a cellular incubation period with subsequent washout. Overall, our work describes the development of an HTS-compatible assay, completion of a large HTS campaign, and demonstration for the first time that cosalane is a validated CCR7 antagonist. These efforts could pave the way for new approaches to address CCR7-associated disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hull-Ryde
- 1 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,2 Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melissa A Porter
- 1 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,3 Ribometrix, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth A Fowler
- 4 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dmitri Kireev
- 1 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelin Li
- 1 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Catherine D Simpson
- 1 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria F Sassano
- 2 Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,5 Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark J Suto
- 6 Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kenneth H Pearce
- 1 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William Janzen
- 1 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,7 Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James M Coghill
- 4 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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21
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Jørgensen AS, Adogamhe PE, Laufer JM, Legler DF, Veldkamp CT, Rosenkilde MM, Hjortø GM. CCL19 with CCL21-tail displays enhanced glycosaminoglycan binding with retained chemotactic potency in dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:401-411. [PMID: 29768676 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2vma0118-008r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CCL19 is more potent than CCL21 in inducing chemotaxis of human dendritic cells (DC). This difference is attributed to 1) a stronger interaction of the basic C-terminal tail of CCL21 with acidic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the environment and 2) an autoinhibitory function of this C-terminal tail. Moreover, different receptor docking modes and tissue expression patterns of CCL19 and CCL21 contribute to fine-tuned control of CCR7 signaling. Here, we investigate the effect of the tail of CCL21 on chemokine binding to GAGs and on CCR7 activation. We show that transfer of CCL21-tail to CCL19 (CCL19CCL21-tail ) markedly increases binding of CCL19 to human dendritic cell surfaces, without impairing CCL19-induced intracellular calcium release or DC chemotaxis, although it causes reduced CCR7 internalization. The more potent chemotaxis induced by CCL19 and CCL19CCL21-tail compared to CCL21 is not transferred to CCL21 by replacing its N-terminus with that of CCL19 (CCL21CCL19-N-term ). Measurements of cAMP production in CHO cells uncover that CCL21-tail transfer (CCL19CCL21-tail ) negatively affects CCL19 potency, whereas removal of CCL21-tail (CCL21tailless ) increases signaling compared to full-length CCL21, indicating that the tail negatively affects signaling via cAMP. Similar to chemokine-driven calcium mobilization and chemotaxis, the potency of CCL21 in cAMP is not improved by transfer of the CCL19 N-terminus to CCL21 (CCL21CCL19-N-term ). Together these results indicate that ligands containing CCL21 core and C-terminal tail (CCL21 and CCL21CCL19-N-term ) are most restricted in their cAMP signaling; a phenotype attributed to a stronger GAG binding of CCL21 and defined structural differences between CCL19 and CCL21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontian E Adogamhe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | | | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gertrud M Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Pan Q, Zhang Q, Chu J, Pais R, Liu S, He C, Eko FO. Chlamydia abortus Pmp18.1 Induces IL-1β Secretion by TLR4 Activation through the MyD88, NF-κB, and Caspase-1 Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:514. [PMID: 29326885 PMCID: PMC5741698 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymorphic membrane protein D (Pmp18D) is a 160-kDa outer membrane protein that is conserved and plays an important role in Chlamydia abortus pathogenesis. We have identified an N-terminal fragment of Pmp18D (designated Pmp18.1) as a possible subunit vaccine antigen. In this study, we evaluated the vaccine potential of Pmp18.1 by investigating its ability to induce innate immune responses in dendritic cells and the signaling pathway(s) involved in rPmp18.1-induced IL-1β secretion. We next investigated the immunomodulatory impact of VCG, in comparison with the more established Th1-promoting adjuvants, CpG and FL, on rPmp18.1-mediated innate immune activation. Finally, the effect of siRNA targeting TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p50, and Caspase-1 mRNA in DCs on IL-1β cytokine secretion was also investigated. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were stimulated with rPmp18.1 in the presence or absence of VCG or CpG or FL and the magnitude of cytokines produced was assessed using a multiplex cytokine ELISA assay. Expression of costimulatory molecules and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Quantitation of intracellular levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB p50/p65), and Caspase-1 was evaluated by Western immunoblotting analysis while NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation was assessed by confocal microscopy. The results showed DC stimulation with rPmp18.1 provoked the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulated expression of TLRs and co-stimulatory molecules associated with DC maturation. These responses were significantly (p ≤ 0.001) enhanced by VCG but not CpG or FL. In addition, rPmp18.1 activated the expression of MyD88, NF-κB p50, and Caspase-1 as well as the nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 in treated DCs. Furthermore, targeting TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p50, and Caspase-1 mRNA in BMDCs with siRNA significantly reduced their expression levels, resulting in decreased IL-1β cytokine secretion, strongly suggesting their involvement in the rPmp18.1-induced IL-1β cytokine secretion. Taken together, these results indicate that C. abortus Pmp18.1 induces IL-1β secretion by TLR4 activation through the MyD88, NF-κB as well as the Caspase-1 signaling pathways and may be a potential C. abortus vaccine candidate. The vaccine potential of Pmp18.1 will subsequently be evaluated in an appropriate animal model, using VCG as an immunomodulator, following immunization and challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chu
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Roshan Pais
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng He
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Francis O Eko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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