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Hembrom PS, Deepthi M, Biswas G, Mappurath B, Babu A, Reeja N, Mano N, Grace T. Reference genes for qPCR expression in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:422. [PMID: 38485790 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression profiling via qPCR is an essential tool for unraveling the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying growth and development. Identifying and validating the most appropriate reference genes is essential for qPCR experiments. Nevertheless, there exists a deficiency in a thorough assessment of reference genes concerning the expression of the genes in the research in the context of the growth and development of the Black Tiger Shrimp, P. monodon. This popular marine crustacean is extensively raised for human consumption. In this study, we assessed the expression stability of seven reference genes (ACTB, 18S, EF-1α, AK, PK, cox1, and CLTC) in adult tissues (hepatopancreas, gills, and stomach) of small and large polymorphs of P. monodon. METHODS AND RESULTS The stability of gene expressions was assessed utilizing NormFinder, BestKeeper, and geNorm, and a comprehensive ranking of these genes was conducted through the online tool RefFinder. In the overall ranking, 18S and CLTC emerged as the most stable genes in the hepatopancreas and stomach, while CLTC and AK exhibited significant statistical reliability in the gills of adult P. monodon. The validation of these identified stable genes was carried out using a growth-associated gene, insr-1. CONCLUSION The results indicated that 18S and CLTC stand out as the most versatile reference genes for conducting qPCR analysis focused on the growth of P. monodon. This study represents the first comprehensive exploration that identifies and assesses reference genes for qPCR analysis in P. monodon, providing valuable tools for research involving similar crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Sweta Hembrom
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Mottakunja Deepthi
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Gourav Biswas
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Bhagya Mappurath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Adon Babu
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Narchikundil Reeja
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Neeraja Mano
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Tony Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India.
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Su M, Zhang X, Yuan J, Zhang X, Li F. The Role of Insulin-like Peptide in Maintaining Hemolymph Glucose Homeostasis in the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063268. [PMID: 35328689 PMCID: PMC8948857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide (ILP) has been identified in various crustaceans, but whether it has a similar function in regulating hemolymph glucose as vertebrate insulin is unclear. We analyzed the components of hemolymph sugar in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and investigated the changes of hemolymph glucose concentration and the expressions of ILP and glucose metabolism genes under different treatments. We found glucose was a major component of hemolymph sugar in shrimp. Starvation caused hemolymph glucose to rise first and then decline, and the raised hemolymph glucose after exogenous glucose injection returned to basal levels within a short time, indicating that shrimp have a regulatory mechanism to maintain hemolymph glucose homeostasis. In addition, injections of bovine insulin and recombinant LvILP protein both resulted in a fast decline in hemolymph glucose. Notably, RNA interference of LvILP did not significantly affect hemolymph glucose levels, but it inhibited exogenous glucose clearance. Based on the detection of glucose metabolism genes, we found LvILP might maintain hemolymph glucose stability by regulating the expression of these genes. These results suggest that ILP has a conserved function in shrimp similar to insulin in vertebrates and plays an important role in maintaining hemolymph glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manwen Su
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.S.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.S.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.S.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.S.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.S.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Bayer EA, Liberatore KM, Schneider JR, Schlesinger E, He Z, Birnbaum S, Wightman B. Insulin signaling and osmotic stress response regulate arousal and developmental progression of C. elegans at hatching. Genetics 2022; 220:iyab202. [PMID: 34788806 PMCID: PMC8733457 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of animal development from embryonic to juvenile life depends on the coordination of organism-wide responses with environmental conditions. We found that two transcription factors that function in interneuron differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans, fax-1, and unc-42, are required for arousal and progression from embryogenesis to larval life by potentiating insulin signaling. The combination of mutations in either transcription factor and a mutation in daf-2 insulin receptor results in a novel perihatching arrest phenotype; embryos are fully developed but inactive, often remaining trapped within the eggshell, and fail to initiate pharyngeal pumping. This pathway is opposed by an osmotic sensory response pathway that promotes developmental arrest and a sleep state at the end of embryogenesis in response to elevated salt concentration. The quiescent state induced by loss of insulin signaling or by osmotic stress can be reversed by mutations in genes that are required for sleep. Therefore, countervailing signals regulate late embryonic arousal and developmental progression to larval life, mechanistically linking the two responses. Our findings demonstrate a role for insulin signaling in an arousal circuit, consistent with evidence that insulin-related regulation may function in control of sleep states in many animals. The opposing quiescent arrest state may serve as an adaptive response to the osmotic threat from high salinity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Bayer
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | | | | | - Evan Schlesinger
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - Zhengying He
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - Susanna Birnbaum
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - Bruce Wightman
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
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Gene Identification and Characterization of Correlations for DEPs_DEGs Same Trend Responding to Salinity Adaptation in Scylla paramamosain. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:7940405. [PMID: 30881981 PMCID: PMC6387702 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7940405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Scylla paramamosain is a commercially important species distributed along the coast of southern China and other Indo-Pacific countries. Sudden salinity drop exceeding the adjustment capability of S. paramamosain can result in damage or even mortality. In our previous study, we had analyzed the mechanism of adapting sudden drop in salinity from the level of transcriptomics and proteomics, respectively. This study performed a correlation analysis of RNA sequencing transcriptomics and iTRAQ proteomics in order to investigate the adaptation mechanisms to sudden salinity drop from 23‰ to 3‰. There were 3954 correlations and a total of 15 correlations for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from proteomics and transcriptomics. The correlation between DEPs and DEGs was 0, and the Spearman correlation coefficient of the same trend correlation for DEPs and DEGs was the highest, reaching 0.9080. KEGG pathway enrichment correlation revealed that protein digestion and absorption (Ko04974), proximal tubule bicarbonate (Ko04964), and bile secretion (Ko04976) played important roles in Na+/H+ and Na+/K+ exchange. In addition, important genes related to osmoregulation, such as ion transport and carbonic anhydrase, were also detected in the correlation analysis for same trend DEPs_DEGs. In conclusion, the proteome and transcriptome correlation results from this study indicate that ion transport plays a critical role in the adaptation of S. paramamosain to sudden reduction in salinity.
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Herran B, Bertaux J, Grève P. Divergent evolution and clade-specific duplications of the Insulin-like Receptor in malacostracan crustaceans. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 268:34-39. [PMID: 30055146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Insulin-like Receptors (IRs) are an important protein family, represented by three members in vertebrates, two of which are well-known for their implication in metabolism (Insulin Receptor) and growth (IGF Receptor). In contrast, little is known about these receptors in invertebrates, in which a single gene generally exists except for a part of insects and other occasional species-specific duplications. In this study, we used publicly available sequences as well as de novo assembled transcriptomes to investigate the IR evolution in malacostracan crustaceans, animals in which the Insulin/IGF pathway is known to be implicated in sexual development through the androgenic gland hormone. We described the evolutionary divergence of malacostracan IRs compared to all the other metazoan sequences, including other pancrustaceans. We also demonstrated two well conserved duplications of IRs: one specific to the whole malacostracan class, another one specific to the decapod order. The potential implications for malacostracan biology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Herran
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose (EES), TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Joanne Bertaux
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose (EES), TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| | - Pierre Grève
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose (EES), TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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