1
|
Patil JD, Fredericks S. The role of adipokines in osteoporosis management: a mini review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1336543. [PMID: 38516409 PMCID: PMC10956128 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1336543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of osteoporosis has been on the rise globally. With ageing populations, research has sought therapeutic solutions in novel areas. One such area is that of the adipokines. Current literature points to an important role for these chemical mediators in relation to bone metabolism. Well-established adipokines have been broadly reported upon. These include adiponectin and leptin. However, other novel adipokines such as visfatin, nesfatin-1, meteorin-like protein (Metrnl), apelin and lipocalin-2 are starting to be addressed pre-clinically and clinically. Adipokines hold pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties that influence the pathophysiology of various bone diseases. Omentin-1 and vaspin, two novel adipokines, share cardioprotective effects and play essential roles in bone metabolism. Studies have reported bone-protective effects of omentin-1, whilst others report negative associations between omentin-1 and bone mineral density. Lipocalin-2 is linked to poor bone microarchitecture in mice and is even suggested to mediate osteoporosis development from prolonged disuse. Nesfatin-1, an anorexigenic adipokine, has been known to preserve bone density. Animal studies have demonstrated that nesfatin-1 treatment limits bone loss and increases bone strength, suggesting exogenous use as a potential treatment for osteopenic disorders. Pre-clinical studies have shown adipokine apelin to have a role in bone metabolism, mediated by the enhancement of osteoblast genesis and the inhibition of programmed cell death. Although many investigations have reported conflicting findings, sufficient literature supports the notion that adipokines have a significant influence on the metabolism of bone. This review aims at highlighting the role of novel adipokines in osteoporosis while also discussing their potential for treating osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salim Fredericks
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland – Medical University of Bahrain, Al Sayh, Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen R, Huang R, Xu K, Cheng Y, Yi X. Beneficial effects of Apelin-13 on metabolic diseases and exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1285788. [PMID: 38089606 PMCID: PMC10714012 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1285788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a novel endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ, is encoded by the APLN gene and can be hydrolyzed into multiple subtypes, with Apelin-13 being one of the most active subtypes of the Apelin family. Recent studies have revealed that Apelin-13 functions as an adipokine that participates in the regulation of different biological processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, thereby playing an important role in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic diseases. However, the results of recent studies on the association between Apelin-13 and various metabolic states remain controversial. Furthermore, Apelin-13 is regulated or influenced by various forms of exercise and could therefore be categorized as a new type of exercise-sensitive factor that attenuates metabolic diseases. Thus, in this review, our purpose was to focus on the relationship between Apelin-13 and related metabolic diseases and the regulation of response movements, with particular reference to the establishment of a theoretical basis for improving and treating metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Wen
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejie Yi
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gong G, Wan W, Liu X, Yin J. Apelin-13, a regulator of autophagy, apoptosis and inflammation in multifaceted bone protection. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109991. [PMID: 37012875 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Apelin/APJ is widely distributed in various tissues in the body and participates in the regulation of physiological and pathological mechanisms such as autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Apelin-13 is an adipokine family member with multiple biological roles and has been shown to be involved in the development and progression of bone diseases. In the process of osteoporosis and fracture healing, Apelin-13 plays an osteoprotective role by regulating the autophagy and apoptosis of BMSCs, and promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In addition, Apelin-13 also attenuates the progression of arthritis by regulating the inflammatory response of macrophages. In conclusion, Apelin-13 has an important connection with bone protection, which provides a new strategy for the clinical treatment of bone-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 211002, China
| | - Wenhui Wan
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 211002, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deepika F, Bathina S, Armamento-Villareal R. Novel Adipokines and Their Role in Bone Metabolism: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020644. [PMID: 36831180 PMCID: PMC9953715 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing burden of obesity and osteoporosis is a major public health concern. Emerging evidence of the role of adipokines on bone metabolism has led to the discovery of novel adipokines over the last decade. Obesity is recognized as a state of adipose tissue inflammation that adversely affects bone health. Adipokines secreted from white adipose tissue (WAT) and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) exerts endocrine and paracrine effects on the survival and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. An increase in marrow fat is implicated in osteoporosis and, hence, it is crucial to understand the complex interplay between adipocytes and bone. The objective of this review is to summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of different adipokines on bone metabolism. METHODS This is a comprehensive review of the literature available in PubMED and Cochrane databases, with an emphasis on the last five years using the keywords. RESULTS Leptin has shown some positive effects on bone metabolism; in contrast, both adiponectin and chemerin have consistently shown a negative association with BMD. No significant association was found between resistin and BMD. Novel adipokines such as visfatin, LCN-2, Nesfatin-1, RBP-4, apelin, and vaspin have shown bone-protective and osteoanabolic properties that could be translated into therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION New evidence suggests the potential role of novel adipokines as biomarkers to predict osteoporosis risk, and as therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fnu Deepika
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Disease, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (R.A.-V.); Tel.: +1-713-794-1414 (R.A.-V.)
| | - Siresha Bathina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Disease, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Reina Armamento-Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Disease, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (R.A.-V.); Tel.: +1-713-794-1414 (R.A.-V.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Li Z, Zhao Q, Chen L. Roles of apelin/APJ system in cancer: Biomarker, predictor, and emerging therapeutic target. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3734-3751. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of South China Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of South China Hengyang Hunan China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su H, Xue H, Gao S, Yan B, Wang R, Tan G, Xu Z, Zeng L. Effect of Rhizoma Drynariae on differential gene expression in ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis based on transcriptome sequencing. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:930912. [PMID: 35983515 PMCID: PMC9380231 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.930912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is increasingly becoming a serious problem affecting the quality of life of the older population. Several experimental studies have shown that Chinese medicine has a definite effect on improving osteoporosis. Based on transcriptome sequencing, we analyzed the differential gene expression and mechanism of the related signaling pathways. Fifteen rats were randomly divided into an experimental group, a model group, and a sham surgery group. The rat model for menopausal osteoporosis was established using an ovariectomy method. One week after modeling, the experimental group was administered(intragastric administration)8.1 g/kg of Rhizoma drynariae, whereas the model and sham groups received 0.9% saline solution twice daily for 12 weeks. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed, and the left femur of each group was removed for computerized tomography testing, while right femurs were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining. High-throughput RNA sequencing and functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Comparing the gene expression between the experimental and model groups, 149 differential genes were identified, of which 44 were downregulated and 105 were upregulated. The criteria for statistical significance were |log2 Fold Change| > 1 and P < 0.05. Gene ontology analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in cell component terms such as cell part and outer cell membrane part, and the genes were associated with cell process, biological regulation, metabolic processes, DNA transcription, and catalytic activity. Enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways showed significantly enriched pathways associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, herpes simplex infection, circadian rhythm, vascular smooth muscle contraction, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and the TNF, Apelin, and Ras signaling pathways. Our results revealed that the Npas2, Dbp, Rt1, Arntl, Grem2, H2bc9, LOC501233, Pla2g2c, Hpgd, Pde6c, and Dner genes, and the circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, inflammatory signaling pathway, and immune pathways may be the key targets and pathways for traditional Chinese medicine therapy of Rhizoma Drynariae in osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Su
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shang Gao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Binghan Yan
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruochong Wang
- College of traditional Chinese medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Tan, ; Zhanwang Xu, ; Lingfeng Zeng,
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Tan, ; Zhanwang Xu, ; Lingfeng Zeng,
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Tan, ; Zhanwang Xu, ; Lingfeng Zeng,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qian C, Liu Q. FOXO3a inhibits nephroblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induces apoptosis through downregulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:796. [PMID: 34515328 PMCID: PMC8446726 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factor O subfamily 3A (FOXO3a) is an important tumor suppressor gene that is expressed in renal tissue and has been reported to be downregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Notably, the overexpression of FOXO3a was previously discovered to inhibit the progression of CCRCC. However, the expression levels of FOXO3a in nephroblastoma cell lines remain unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of FOXO3a in nephroblastoma cell lines and to determine the mechanism of action of the biological functions of FOXO3a. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were used to analyze the expression levels of FOXO3a in nephroblastoma cell lines. Subsequently, the effects of the overexpression of FOXO3a and the genetic knockdown of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling protein Axin‑2 on the biological functions were determined through Cell Counting Kit‑8, cell colony formation assays, scratch and Transwell assay and flow cytometric analysis experiments. The expression levels of FOXO3a were discovered to be downregulated in nephroblastoma cell lines. The overexpression of FOXO3a inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of nephroblastoma cells, while inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, the overexpression of FOXO3a downregulated the expression levels of β‑catenin and Cyclin‑D1 proteins involved in the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Cell proliferation and the migration and invasion ability of 17‑94 cells in shRNA‑Axin2‑2 group were promoted. Cell apoptosis was predominantly increased by overexpressed FOXO3a, which was reversed by shRNA‑Axin2‑1. The biological effects of overexpressing FOXO3a on nephroblastoma were reversed after activation of Wnt/β‑catenin. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that FOXO3a may inhibit nephroblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while inducing apoptosis, by downregulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. These results may provide a novel method for the early diagnosis and precise treatment of nephroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277102, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo J, Liu W, Feng F, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A novel therapeutic target for locomotor system diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174286. [PMID: 34174264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin/APJ system is widely expressed in abundant tissues, especially bone, joint and muscle tissue. This review focus on the effects of apelin/APJ system on locomotor system. An increasing number of evidence suggests that apelin/APJ system plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes of locomotor system. Physiologically, apelin/APJ system promotes bone formation, muscle metabolism and skeletal muscle production. Pathologically, apelin/APJ system exacerbates osteoarthritis pathogenesis, whereas it alleviates osteoporosis. Besides, the level of apelin expression is regulated by different training modes, including continuous aerobic exercise, high-intensity interval training and resistance exercises. More importantly, exercise-induced apelin may be a potent pharmacological agent for the treatment of diseases and the regulation of physiological processes. Considering the pleiotropic effects of apelin on locomotor system, apelin/APJ system may be an important therapeutic target for locomotor system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fen Feng
- School of Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kou L, Jiang X, Lin X, Huang H, Wang J, Yao Q, Chen R. Matrix Metalloproteinase Inspired Therapeutic Strategies for Bone Diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:451-467. [PMID: 32603279 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200630140735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), as a family of zinc-containing enzymes, show the function of decomposing Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and participate in the physiological processes of cell migration, growth, inflammation, and metabolism. Clinical and experimental studies have indicated that MMPs play an essential role in tissue injury and repair as well as tumor diagnosis, metastasis, and prognosis. An increasing number of researchers have paid attention to their functions and mechanisms in bone health and diseases. The present review focuses on MMPs-inspired therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bone-related diseases. We introduce the role of MMPs in bone diseases, highlight the MMPs-inspired therapeutic options, and posit MMPs as a trigger for smart cell/drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinlu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen L, Shi X, Xie J, Weng SJ, Xie ZJ, Tang JH, Yan DY, Wang BZ, Fang KH, Hong CX, Wu ZY, Yang L. Apelin-13 induces mitophagy in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to suppress intracellular oxidative stress and ameliorate osteoporosis by activation of AMPK signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:356-368. [PMID: 33385540 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by impaired bone metabolism. Current estimates show that it affects millions of people worldwide and causes a serious socioeconomic burden. Mitophagy plays key roles in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteoblastic differentiation, mineralization, and survival. Apelin is an endogenous adipokine that participates in bone homeostasis. This study was performed to determine the role of Apelin in the osteoporosis process and whether it affects mitophagy, survival, and osteogenic capacity of BMSCs in in vitro and in vivo models of osteoporosis. Our results demonstrated that Apelin was down-regulated in ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis rats and Apelin-13 treatment activated mitophagy in BMSCs, ameliorating oxidative stress and thereby reviving osteogenic function via AMPK-α phosphorylation. Besides, Apelin-13 administration restored bone mass and microstructure as well as reinstated mitophagy, enhanced osteogenic function in OVX rats. Collectively, our findings reveal the intrinsic mechanisms underlying Apelin-13 regulation in BMSCs and its potential therapeutic values in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - She-Ji Weng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong-Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Hao Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - De-Yi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing-Zhang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang-Hao Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Xuan Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zong-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lou ZL, Zhang CX, Li JF, Chen RH, Wu WJ, Hu XF, Shi HC, Gao WY, Zhao QF. Apelin/APJ-Manipulated CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3 β Signaling Works as an Endogenous Counterinjury Mechanism in Promoting the Vitality of Random-Pattern Skin Flaps. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8836058. [PMID: 33574981 PMCID: PMC7857910 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8836058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A random-pattern skin flap plays an important role in the field of wound repair; the mechanisms that influence the survival of random-pattern skin flaps have been extensively studied but little attention has been paid to endogenous counterinjury substances and mechanism. Previous reports reveal that the apelin-APJ axis is an endogenous counterinjury mechanism that has considerable function in protecting against infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis in various organs. As an in vivo study, our study proved that the apelin/APJ axis protected the skin flap by alleviating vascular oxidative stress and the apelin/APJ axis works as an antioxidant stress factor dependent on CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3β signaling. In addition, the apelin/APJ-manipulated CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3β-dependent mechanism improves HUVECs' resistance to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), reduces ROS production and accumulation, maintained the normal mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppresses oxidative stress in vitro. Besides, activation of the apelin/APJ axis promotes vascular migration and angiogenesis under relative hypoxia condition through CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3β signaling. In a word, we provide new evidence that the apelin/APJ axis is an effective antioxidant and can significantly improve the vitality of random flaps, so it has potential be a promising clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Lou
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia-Feng Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Rui-Heng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei-Jia Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hao-Chun Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei-Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qi-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan J, Wang A, Cao J, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: an emerging therapeutic target for respiratory diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2919-2930. [PMID: 32128601 PMCID: PMC11105096 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ. It is extensively expressed in many tissues such as heart, liver, and kidney, especially in lung tissue. A growing body of evidence suggests that apelin/APJ system is closely related to the development of respiratory diseases. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of apelin/APJ system in respiratory diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary embolism (PE), acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pulmonary edema, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. In detail, apelin/APJ system attenuates PAH by activating AMPK-KLF2-eNOS-NO signaling and miR424/503-FGF axis. Also, apelin protects against ALI/ARDS by reducing mitochondrial ROS-triggered oxidative damage, mitochondria apoptosis, and inflammatory responses induced by the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Apelin/APJ system also prevents the occurrence of pulmonary edema via activating AKT-NOS3-NO pathway. Moreover, apelin/APJ system accelerates NSCLC cells' proliferation and migration via triggering ERK1/2-cyclin D1 and PAK1-cofilin signaling, respectively. Additionally, apelin/APJ system may act as a predictor in the development of OSAS and PE. Considering the pleiotropic actions of apelin/APJ system, targeting apelin/APJ system may be a potent therapeutic avenue for respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Yan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangang Cao
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Masoumi J, Jafarzadeh A, Khorramdelazad H, Abbasloui M, Abdolalizadeh J, Jamali N. Role of Apelin/APJ axis in cancer development and progression. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:202-213. [PMID: 32087570 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide, which is expressed in a vast board of organs such as the brain, placenta, heart, lungs, kidneys, pancreas, testis, prostate and adipose tissues. The apelin receptor, called angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (APJ), is also expressed in the brain, spleen, placenta, heart, liver, intestine, prostate, thymus, testis, ovary, lungs, kidneys, stomach, and adipose tissue. The apelin/APJ axis is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes. The apelin expression is increased in various kinds of cancer and the apelin/APJ axis plays a key role in the development of tumors through enhancing angiogenesis, metastasis, cell proliferation and also through the development of cancer stem cells and drug resistance. The apelin also stops the apoptosis of cancer cells. The apelin/APJ axis was considered in this review as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hang K, Ye C, Xu J, Chen E, Wang C, Zhang W, Ni L, Kuang Z, Ying L, Xue D, Pan Z. Apelin enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells partly through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:189. [PMID: 31238979 PMCID: PMC6593611 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of fracture healing with a large bone defect remains a tricky subject in orthopedic trauma. Enhancing osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) is one of the useful therapeutic strategies for fracture healing. Previous studies have revealed that Apelin may play an important role in bone metabolism. However, its function in the osteogenesis of hBMSCs remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of Apelin on osteogenic differentiation. METHODS We investigated the osteogenesis effects of hBMSCs by both exogenous Apelin protein and overexpression Apelin in vitro. Cell proliferation assay was used to assess the effect of Apelin on the proliferation of hBMSCs. ALP staining and Alizarin Red staining were used to evaluate ALP activity and mineral deposition respectively. qPCR and Western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression of target genes and proteins. In vivo, a rat tibial osteotomy model was established; radiographic analysis and histological evaluation were used to confirm the therapeutic effects of Apelin in fracture healing. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t test when 2 groups were compared. When more than 2 groups were compared, one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test was used. And two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparisons post-hoc test, was performed when the treatment groups at different time points were compared. RESULTS The addition of exogenous Apelin protein or overexpression of Apelin promoted osteoblast differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro. Increased mineral deposits were observed after treatment with extracellular Apelin protein or after the upregulation of Apelin. Moreover, β-catenin levels were upregulated by Apelin. The enhancement of osteogenic differentiation induced by Apelin was attenuated by specific Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitors. In a rat tibial osteotomy model, local injection of exogenous Apelin protein improved bone healing, as demonstrated by imaging and histological analyses. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicate that Apelin regulates osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs partly via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and effectively promotes fracture healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chenyi Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Erman Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lic Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhih Kuang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Li Ying
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|