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Al-Ostoot FH, Salah S, Khanum SA. An Overview of Cancer Biology, Pathophysiological Development and It's Treatment Modalities: Current Challenges of Cancer anti-Angiogenic Therapy. Cancer Invest 2024:1-46. [PMID: 38874308 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2361295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
A number of conditions and factors can cause the transformation of normal cells in the body into malignant tissue by changing the normal functions of a wide range of regulatory, apoptotic, and signal transduction pathways. Despite the current deficiency in fully understanding the mechanism of cancer action accurately and clearly, numerous genes and proteins that are causally involved in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer have been identified. But due to the lack of space and the abundance of details on this complex topic, we have emphasized here more recent advances in our understanding of the principles implied tumor cell transformation, development, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a significant strategy for the treatment of various solid tumors, that essentially depend on cutting or at least limiting the supply of blood to micro-regions of tumors, leading to pan-hypoxia and pan-necrosis inside solid tumor tissues. Researchers have continued to enhance the efficiency of anti-angiogenic drugs over the past two decades, to identify their potential in the drug interaction, and to discover reasonable interpretations for possible resistance to treatment. In this review, we have discussed an overview of cancer history and recent methods use in cancer therapy, focusing on anti-angiogenic inhibitors targeting angiogenesis formation. Further, this review has explained the molecular mechanism of action of these anti-angiogenic inhibitors in various tumor types and their limitations use. In addition, we described the synergistic mechanisms of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy and summarizes current clinical trials of these combinations. Many phase III trials found that combining immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy improved survival. Therefore, targeting the source supply of cancer cells to grow and spread with new anti-angiogenic agents in combination with different conventional therapy is a novel method to reduce cancer progression. The aim of this paper is to overview the varying concepts of cancer focusing on mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and provide an overview of the recent trends in anti-angiogenic strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Hezam Al-Ostoot
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Education & Science, Albaydha University, Al-Baydha, Yemen
| | - Salma Salah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Shaukath Ara Khanum
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
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2
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Zhu Y, Yang M, Xu W, Zhang Y, Pan L, Wang L, Wang F, Lu Y. The collagen matrix regulates the survival and function of pancreatic islets. Endocrine 2024; 83:537-547. [PMID: 37999835 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an appropriate microenvironment for many kinds of cells, including pancreatic cells. Collagens are the most abundant components of the ECM. Type I, IV, V and VI collagen has been detected in pancreatic islets, and each type plays important role in the proliferation, survival, function and differentiation of pancreatic cells. In some cases, collagens show behaviours similar to those of growth factors and regulate the biological behaviour of β cells by binding with certain growth factors, including IGFs, EGFs and FGFs. The transcriptional coactivator YAP/TAZ has been widely recognised as a mechanosensor that senses changes in the physical characteristics of the ECM and inhibition of YAP/TAZ enhances insulin production and secretion. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of insulin-producing β cells. The crosstalk between collagens and immune cells plays a key role in the development and differentiation of immune cells. Further, Supplementation with collagens during islet transplantation is a promising strategy for improving the quality of the islets. But, excessive collagen deposition results in pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic carcinoma. Targeting inhibit Piezo, autophagy or IL-6 may reduce excessive collagen deposition-induced pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic carcinoma. This review provides insights into the treatment of T1DM to prolong life expectancy and provides the potential targets for treating collagen deposition-induced pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Wanli Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanting Lu
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China.
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Zheng YY, Hu ZN, Zhou GH. A review: analysis of technical challenges in cultured meat production and its commercialization. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38384235 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2315447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The cultured meat technology has developed rapidly in recent years, but there are still many technical challenges that hinder the large-scale production and commercialization of cultured meat. Firstly, it is necessary to lay the foundation for cultured meat production by obtaining seed cells and maintaining stable cell functions. Next, technologies such as bioreactors are used to expand the scale of cell culture, and three-dimensional culture technologies such as scaffold culture or 3D printing are used to construct the three-dimensional structure of cultured meat. At the same time, it can reduce production costs by developing serum-free medium suitable for cultured meat. Finally, the edible quality of cultured meat is improved by evaluating food safety and sensory flavor, and combining ethical and consumer acceptability issues. Therefore, this review fully demonstrates the current development status and existing technical challenges of the cultured meat production technology with regard to the key points described above, in order to provide research ideas for the industrial production of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Nanjing, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Nanjing, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Nan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Nanjing, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hong Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Nanjing, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Nanjing, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Soares GM, Balbo SL, Bronczek GA, Vettorazzi JF, Marmentini C, Zangerolamo L, Velloso LA, Carneiro EM. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy improves glucose-insulin homeostasis by enhancing β-cell function and survival via FGF15/19. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E134-E147. [PMID: 38117265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00218.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) restores glucose homeostasis in obese mice and humans. In addition, the increased fibroblast growth factor (FGF)15/19 circulating level postsurgery has been implicated in this effect. However, the impact of FGF15/19 on pancreatic islets remains unclear. Using a diet-induced obese mice model, we demonstrate that VSG attenuates insulin hypersecretion in isolated pancreatic islets, likely due to morphological alterations in the endocrine pancreas such as reduction in islet, β-cell, and α-cell mass. In addition, VSG relieves gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation markers in islets from obese mice. Incubation of INS-1E β-cells with serum from obese mice induced dysfunction and cell death, whereas these conditions were not induced with serum from obese mice submitted to VSG, implicating the involvement of a humoral factor. Indeed, VSG increased FGF15 circulating levels in obese mice, as well as the expression of FGF receptor 1 (Fgfr1) and its coreceptor β-klotho (Klb), both in pancreatic islets from VSG mice and in INS-1E cells treated with the serum from these mice. Moreover, exposing INS-1E cells to an FGFR inhibitor abolished the effects of VSG serum on insulin secretion and cell death. Also, recombinant FGF19 prevents INS-1E cells from dysfunction and death induced by serum from obese mice. These findings indicate that the amelioration of glucose-insulin homeostasis promoted by VSG is mediated, at least in part, by FGF15/19. Therefore, approaches promoting FGF15/19 release or action may restore pancreatic islet function in obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) decreases insulin secretion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation in pancreatic islets from obese mice. In addition, VSG increased fibroblast growth factor (FGF)15 circulating levels in obese mice, as well as the expression of FGF receptor 1 (Fgfr1) and its coreceptor β-klotho (Klb), both in pancreatic islets from VSG mice and in INS-1E β-cells treated with the serum from these mice. Serum from operated mice protects INS-1E cells from dysfunction and apoptosis, which was mediated by FGF15/19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Soares
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Balbo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Biological Sciences and Health Center, Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A Bronczek
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jean F Vettorazzi
- Latin-American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Latin-American Integration (UNILA), Foz do Iguacu, Brazil
| | - Carine Marmentini
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lucas Zangerolamo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lício A Velloso
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Lopez-Tello J, Yong HEJ, Sandovici I, Dowsett GKC, Christoforou ER, Salazar-Petres E, Boyland R, Napso T, Yeo GSH, Lam BYH, Constancia M, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Fetal manipulation of maternal metabolism is a critical function of the imprinted Igf2 gene. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1195-1208.e6. [PMID: 37437545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Maternal-offspring interactions in mammals involve both cooperation and conflict. The fetus has evolved ways to manipulate maternal physiology to enhance placental nutrient transfer, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The imprinted Igf2 gene is highly expressed in murine placental endocrine cells. Here, we show that Igf2 deletion in these cells impairs placental endocrine signaling to the mother, without affecting placental morphology. Igf2 controls placental hormone production, including prolactins, and is crucial to establish pregnancy-related insulin resistance and to partition nutrients to the fetus. Consequently, fetuses lacking placental endocrine Igf2 are growth restricted and hypoglycemic. Mechanistically, Igf2 controls protein synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis, actions dependent on the placental endocrine cell type. Igf2 loss also has additional long-lasting effects on offspring metabolism in adulthood. Our study provides compelling evidence for an intrinsic fetal manipulation system operating in placenta that modifies maternal metabolism and fetal resource allocation, with long-term consequences for offspring metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Georgina K C Dowsett
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Efthimia R Christoforou
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Esteban Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Rebecca Boyland
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Barrack Rd, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Tina Napso
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Miguel Constancia
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
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Sahu B, Bal NC. Adipokines from white adipose tissue in regulation of whole body energy homeostasis. Biochimie 2023; 204:92-107. [PMID: 36084909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diseases originating from altered energy homeostasis including obesity, and type 2 diabetes are rapidly increasing worldwide. Research in the last few decades on animal models and humans demonstrates that the white adipose tissue (WAT) is critical for energy balance and more than just an energy storage site. WAT orchestrates the whole-body metabolism through inter-organ crosstalk primarily mediated by cytokines named "Adipokines". The adipokines influence metabolism and fuel selection of the skeletal muscle and liver thereby fine-tuning the load on WAT itself in physiological conditions like starvation, exercise and cold. In addition, adipokine secretion is influenced by various pathological conditions like obesity, inflammation and diabetes. In this review, we have surveyed the current state of knowledge on important adipokines and their significance in regulating energy balance and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we have summarized the interplay of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines in the modulation of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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Wei Q, Dong Y, Sun G, Wang X, Wu X, Gao X, Sha W, Yang G, Zhang H. FGF gene family characterization provides insights into its adaptive evolution in Carnivora. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9837-9847. [PMID: 34306666 PMCID: PMC8293770 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) encoded by the FGF gene family can regulate development and physiology in animals. However, their evolutionary characteristics in Carnivora are largely unknown. In this study, we identified 660 sequences of three types of FGF genes from 30 unannotated genomes of Carnivora animals (before 7th May 2020), and the FGF genes from 52 Carnivora species were analyzed through the method of comparative genomics. Phylogenetic and selective pressure analyses were carried out based on the FGF genes of these 52 Carnivora species. The phylogenetic analysis results demonstrated that the FGF gene family was divided into 10 subfamilies and that FGF5 formed one clade rather than belonging to the subfamilies of FGF4 and FGF6. The evolutionary analysis results showed that the FGF genes were prominently subjected to purifying selection and were highly conserved in the process of Carnivora evolution. We also carried out phylogenetic comparative analyses, which indicated that the habitat was one of the factors that shaped the evolution of Carnivora FGF genes. The FGF1 and FGF6 genes were positively selected in the Carnivora animals, and positive selection signals were detected for the FGF19 gene in semiaquatic Carnivora animals. In summary, we clarified the phylogenetic and evolutionary characteristics of Carnivora FGF genes and provided valuable data for future studies on evolutionary characterization of Carnivora animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinguo Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and BiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Yuehuan Dong
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Guolei Sun
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Xibao Wang
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Weilai Sha
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and BiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
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